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  • cat contents of one file into another file

    - by Attila O.
    I have a large (binary) file that has some corruption near the beginning. Then, I have a second, smaller file that I obtain by starting to download the same file again, but interrupt after I have enough bytes to fix the original one. My question is, how do I simply overwrite the beginning of the large file with the contents of the second, smaller file? I could use cat, tail and head, but that would create a copy of the file. There must be a more efficient way. Oh yes, and I'm looking for a linux command-line solution, if that wasn't obvious. I'm using bash, but I have other shells if that helps.

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  • need for tcp fine-tuning on heavily used proxy server

    - by Vijay Gharge
    Hi all, I am using squid like Internet proxy server on RHEL 4 update 6 & 8 with quite heavy load i.e. 8k established connections during peak hour. Without depending much on application provider's expertise I want to achieve maximum o/p from linux. W.r.t. that I have certain questions as following: How to find out if there is scope for further tcp fine-tuning (without exhausting available resources) as the benchmark values given by vendor looks poor! Is there any parameter value that is available from OS / network stack that will show me the results. If at all there is scope, how shall I identify & configure OS tcp stack parameters i.e. using sysctl or any specific parameter Post tuning how shall I clearly measure performance enhancement / degradation ?

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  • Remote X-windows between new RHEL5 and old Solaris 8

    - by joshxdr
    I have a very small lab network with three boxes: a modern x86-based RHEL3 box, an x86-based RHEL5 box, and a 1998-vintage SPARC Ultra5 with Solaris 8. I can use ssh -X to run a program on the RHEL5 box and view the windows on the RHEL3 box. I believe this uses xauth and magic cookies?? I have followed the X-Windows HOWTO to set up xauth on the Solaris box, but so far no dice. I would like to be able to use the X-windows server on the RHEL3 box with a client program on the Solaris box (program running on Solaris host, windows appearing at Linux host). Is there a trick to this, or have I made a mistake following the instructions for setting up xauth and magic cookie?

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  • Cisco NAC: help with enabling FTP or moving update files

    - by kyoung
    Hi, So this is a LINUX question, and a Cisco NAC question. I'm trying to update our server from 4.1 to 4.7, and i need to move some tarball files to the NAC. the NAC Appliance runs some strange stripped down version of Fedora Core 4 copying the upgrade: The instructions say to FTP the file to the NAC appliance, however whenever i use WinSCP with root credentials, i get a notice informing me the connection was actively refused. I can't for the life of me find any .conf files that sound like winners, so I don't know how to change the settings, however the ftp command does seem to work. what exactly should I do here?

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  • How to get the summarized sizes of folders and their subfolders?

    - by Kau-Boy
    Let's say I want to get the size of each folder of a linux file system. When I use ls -la I don't really get the summarized size of the folders. If I use df I get the size of each mounted file system but that also doesn't help me. And with du I get the size of each subfolder and the summary of the whole file system. But I want to have only the summarized size of each folder within the ROOT folder of the file system. Is there any command to achiev that?

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  • How can I set up an FTP user with a home directory inside another user's home folder?

    - by simon180
    Hi I have an Ubuntu (Hardy) server which I am using to host multiple websites. All of the sites are stored in subfolders of a public_html folder for my main login to the server and accessed via a single SSH account. I now have a website user who wants FTP (or similar) access to enable them to upload various files etc to the directory where their website is situated, however I still need the SSH account to have access to this directory as I may need to make changes using my master account. Basically I want to create an FTP account (I have VSFTPD installed) for a user with the home directory inside my own user account but they should only be able to read/write to this folder or its subfolders but not go further up the directory tree. How can I achieve this? Thanks

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  • HAProxy being killed with more that 54,000 connections

    - by Olly
    I am trying to run HAProxy (1.4.8) on a EC2 machine running Ubuntu 10.04. I need HAProxy to be able to handle many thousands of long-running persistent connections (websockets). With the current setup HAProxy gets killed at around 54,300 connections (roughly). If I am running HAProxy in the foreground, the only output is "Killed". Am I right in thinking this is the Kernel killing the process? Is this because it is out of resources? Can I increase the resources? The CPU and memory consumption are low with 50,000 connections, so I don't suspect either of these. How can I prevent this from happening?

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  • XenServer 5.6.1-fp1. Can't get network working

    - by casey_miller
    I have a PC where XenServer 5.6.1 fp-1 has been successfully installed. I've manually set the network settings: 192.168.1.50 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 but it's set to xenbr0 iface. While eth0 is empty. When I click on "Configure Management Inteface" it shows that eth0 is connected. But when I ping a default gateway (which is 100% should be accessible) it fails. I used to another shell (Alt+F3) and logged as root. I also failed to ping. with both: ping -I eth0 192.168.1.1 and ping -I xenbr0 192.168.1.1 Be assured that: Cable works Ethernet adapter is 100% functional (prev OS was Ubuntu it was working) There is no firewall rule to deny anything. (everything is allowed) So the question is: What is a problem???

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  • GRUB2 not detecting OS on raid partitions

    - by sleeves
    I have recently added a drive to a system and have successfully raid'ed (RAID-1) the paritions, with the exception of the boot partition. I have it ready and mirrored, but can't get GRUB2 (update-grub) to find it. System: Ubuntu 11.04 Raid Metadata: 1.2 If I run update-grub, it finds the kernel images on the /dev/sda2 partition (present root) but not the images on /dev/md127. /dev/md127 is composed of "missing" and "/dev/sdb2". fdisk on /dev/sdb confirms that sdb2 is of type fd (raid autodetect) and is also flagged bootable. I have two things I want to do. Make the boot.cfg on /dev/sdb2 have a menu option to have the root be /dev/md127 Install grub onto /dev/md127 so the actual boot.cfg from there is being used. Thanks!

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  • Debian 5.0.8 won't detect my ethernet adapter

    - by PaulH
    I'm installing Debian 5.0.8 on a Dell Latitude E6410 using the network install x86 CD. Unfortunately, it won't detect my Ethernet adapter. Specifically, I get the error: No Ethernet card was detected. If you know the name of the driver needed by your Ethernet card, you can select it from the list. lspci shows: 00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Device 10ea (rev 05) That should correspond to the e100e driver. But, if I select it from the list, the install CD still fails to detect it. Ubuntu 10.10 and Windows 7 are able to use this device with no problem. Does anybody know what I can do to make Debian use my Ethernet adapter? Thanks, PaulH

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  • Why can't I connect to a wifi network with my laptop, when I can with my phone?

    - by Alex Sf.
    I can connect with my phone and use the browser as usual. On my laptop it won't connect when using windows 7 while in ubuntu it will connect, but with no internet. What is going on here and how can I get internet on my laptop ? [edit] It's a public wifi hotspot. I can connect with no issues at home. My network asapter is: Atheros AR5B97. And my phone is an iPhone 3G. The wizard's of no help since it asks me to check the router, which I can't since it's a public hostspot.

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  • file copy error from system to cifs mount

    - by dwpriest
    When coping a file greater than 64kB from an Ubuntu server to a CIFS mounted windows share, most of the data is copied, but it seems the last chunk doesn't get copied. The size doesn't match, and the md5 check sums don't match. I have plenty of file space, but then I use cp, I get the following... cp: closing `cloudBackup/asdf.txt': No space left on device Using rsync, I get the following... rsync: close failed on "/home/fluffy/cloudBackup/.asdf.txt.qrBWe6": No space left on device (28) rsync error: error in file IO (code 11) at receiver.c(752) [receiver=3.0.8] rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (29 bytes received so far) [sender] rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(601) [sender=3.0.8] I have full read/write permissions on the mounted share. I can copy via SSH just fine. Any ideas? Thank you

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  • Should I use VFAT or ext3 for a 1Tb external usb hard drive?

    - by ihuston
    I have a 1 Tb USB external hard drive which I want to use to backup data from my home and office desktops (both running Linux). Should I format the drive (possibly split into a few partitions) as vfat or ext3? I don't anticipate using the drive with Windows very often so this is not a primary concern. The main thing holding me back from just using ext3 is the problems you can have when two different users (home and work accounts) try to access each others data. Is there any way to mount an ext3 drive with user id mapping?

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  • Why would anacron not be running?

    - by Rory
    I have a Ubuntu system that has anacron installed. However I'm pretty sure it's not running. It's not running the commands in /etc/cron.daily to rotate the syslog files (I'm using sysklog, which has its own rotating log method, not using logrotate). The last time the logs were rotated were in October 2009. /var/spool/anacron/cron.daily exists and the contents are 20091015. AFAIR we had a power outage then, and everything rebooted. How can I debug anacron? How can I see why it's not running? My first instinct is to look for /var/log/anacron, but that's not there. How can I fix it to make it run again?

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  • What should a hosting company do to prepare for IPv6?

    - by Josh
    At the time of writing The IPv4 Depletion Site estimates there are 300 days remaining before all IPv4 addresses have been allocated. I've been following the depletion of IPv4 addresses for some time and realize the "crisis" has been going on for many years and IPv4 addresses have lasted longer than expected, however... As the systems administrator for a small SaaS / website hosting company, what steps should I be taking to prepare for IPv6? We run a handful of CentOS and Ubuntu Linux systems on managed hardware in a remote datacenter. All our servers have IPv6 addresses but they appear to be link local addresses. Our primary business function is website hosting on a proprietary website CMS system. One of my concerns is SSL certificates; at the moment every customer with an SSL certificate gets a dedicated IPv4 IP address. What else should I be concerned about / what action should I take to be prepared for IPv4 depletion?

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  • Creating user accounts in Amazon EC2

    - by Tvanover
    I am putting together a test environment using Amazon's EC2 for me and some friends to collaborate on a project. I am not a server guy but I do know my way around a bash prompt and have done some work on ubuntu before. I am using Amazon Linux AMI i386 EBS and have gotten apache and php running. Now I need to create the user accounts my friends and I will use to upload files (sftp) and work on the project (ssh). How should I go about this? Should I just use adduser and configure it like normal? Or should I use the AWS IAM groups?

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  • Opening firewall to incoming port 443

    - by jrdioko
    I recently set up the ufw firewall on a Linux machine so that outgoing connections are allowed, incoming connections are denied, and denied connections are logged. This seems to work fine for most cases, but I see many denied connections that are incoming on port 443 (many with IPs associated with Facebook). I can open that port to incoming connections, but first wanted to ask what these could be. Shouldn't HTTPS requests be initiated by me and be treated as outbound, not inbound connections? Is it typical to open incoming port 443 on consumer firewalls?

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  • Port forwarding with DNAT and SNAT without touching other packets

    - by w00t
    I have a Linux gateway with iptables which does routing and port forwarding. I want the port forwarding to happen independent of the routing. To port forward, I add this to the nat table: iptables -t nat -A "$PRE" -p tcp -d $GW --dport $fromPort -j DNAT --to-destination $toHost:$toPort iptables -t nat -A "$POST" -p tcp -d $toHost --dport $toPort -j SNAT --to $SRC $PRE and POST are actually destination-specific chains that I jump to from the PREROUTING and POSTROUTING chains respectively so I can keep the iptables clean. $SRC is the IP address I'm SNATing to which is different from the gateway IP $GW. The problem with this setup is that regular routed packets that were not DNATed but happen to go to the same $toHost:$toPort combo will also be SNATed. I wish to avoid this. Any clever things I can do?

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  • Can't `mount -o loop` an ISO from an NFS share (RHEL)

    - by warren
    I have a large NFS share with a variety of software ISOs on it. I've only tried this on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, but when trying to do the following, the mount comes back with an error indicating no permissions to mount. Why would this be happening? NFS is mounted thusly: mediaserver:path/to/isos /media/nfs This is the mount call that fails mount -o loop /media/nfs/product.iso /tmp/product If I copy the ISO, there is no issue. The NFS share is mounted rw. How can I loop mount the ISO from the NFS share without copying it first?

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  • Private Git repo using Smart HTTP with LDAP authentification

    - by ALOToverflow
    I've been crawling the interwebz and getting my hands dirty for the last few days, but I can't seem to make it all work together. I managed to get a HTTP repo working with Ubuntu 10.04 over Smart HTTP (pull and push over HTTP) for a single repo. This means that I do the initial setup over SSH to the server (git init --bare) and after that the clients can pull and push to it (git clone http://servername/allgitrepos/repo.git). Unfortunately it's impossible to add a new repo without SSHing to the server and adding it manually) i.e. git push http://servername/allgitrepos/repo2.git (allgitrepos is available for everyone to read-write and execute) would fail talking about git update-server-info (which seems to be a general error message). So far the repository is anonymous, so I would like to authenticate using LDAP and also use the LDAP creds to make the git commit. So, how can I push new repos to the server and how can I use the LDAP creds to make the git commit. Thanks

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  • Batch converting video from avc1 to xvid

    - by Tommy Brunn
    I need a way to batch convert 720p video files from avc1 to xvid in Ubuntu 10.04. I'm not terribly concerned about file size, but I do wish to retain the picture quality as much as possible. I believe the audio is encoded as aac, which is fine for my purposes. What would be the best and easiest way to do this? I've tried using Handbrake. During my first attempt, I had it using ffmpeg to convert to MPEG-4, but that just gave me a super-low quality video at twice the file size. Trying h.264 now, so we'll see how that works out. But just in case it doesn't pan out so well, what other ways do you recommend? I was thinking I'd write a bash script to reencode the files one by one, but the problem is that I have very little knowledge about codecs and containers and whatnot - so I wouldn't know what parameters I would pass ffmpeg/mencoder.

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  • Is rsync --delete safe in case of disk failure

    - by enedene
    I have two data hard drives on my Linux server and I use second as a backup for a first drive. I use rsync for that purpose. An example would be: rsync -r -v --delete /media/disk1/ /media/disk2/ What this does is that it copies every file/directory from /media/disk1/ to /media/disk2/ but also deletes any difference. For example, lets say that files A and B but not file C are on disk1, and on disk2 there is no A and B files, but there is C. The result would be that after the command on disk2 I'd have files A and B, but file C would be deleted, just like on disk1. Now, a rather disastrous scenario had crossed my mind; what if disk1 dies, system continues to work since system files are on my system disk, but when rsync tries to backup my data on disk2 from broken disk1, it deletes all the files from disk2 because it can't read anything on disk1. Is this a possible scenario, or is there a protection from it build in rsync?

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  • Playing/extracting audio file from PDF

    - by ravl1084
    I use Ubuntu and I have a PDF file that contains an audio annotation. It won't play on Okular, it treats it as a text annotation. Following an old blog post where the poster created a small C script to extract the audio didn't work either, I suspect the format of these audio annotations has changed. Using the information on it I managed to uncompress the PDF and with vim, I found the audio data in the file. I tried copying this into its own file and changed the extension from mp3, wav, mid, but none of them would play. Is there a way of achieving this?

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  • WGet from one site on a server to another site on the same server

    - by JoshReedSchramm
    Hey all, I've recently been asked to administer a couple ubuntu boxes running web servers. I'm a dev by trade so if this question is fairly noob please forgive. We have about a dozen sites running on this box. 2 of our sites need to talk back and forth over a restful api. Unfortunately we are having issues with the sited connection to each other via wget. When we try and run wget manually from the command line from the server pointing to a site also on that server it hangs and eventually times out. If we do the same thing from outside the server to the same site on the server it works. Is there something that could be preventing sites on the same server from communicating with each other? The same thing happens pinging the site from the server.

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  • rsync server, uploaded files permissions incorrect

    - by fred basset
    I'm trying to setup an rsync server on my Ubuntu machine. Transfer from a local PC to the server via rsync does work, but the resultant uploaded files have no r,w or x bits set, e.g. ---------- 1 fredb fredb 0 Aug 30 20:50 sk_upgrade_20120830_033450.txt ---------- 1 fredb fredb 0 Aug 30 20:50 sk_user_20120827_184534.txt ---------- 1 fredb fredb 0 Aug 30 20:50 sk_user_20120830_033450.txt My rsyncd.conf file is: motd file = /etc/rsyncd.motd [workspace] path = /tmp comment = rsync server uid = nobody gid = nobody read only = false auth users = fredb secrets file = /etc/rsyncd.scrt How can I get the target files permissions correct? Also once I've solved this problem how can I transfer without a password? TY, Fred

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