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• Applying for internship

  - by Margus

  At the moment I'm thinking about applying for internship at Eesti Energia. I seem to be eligible, but before contacting them I need to learn how to compile an informative and complete CV and cover letter. I do not consider myself as shallow minded, but also I'm not sure how to convincingly justify the stand of interest and how internship will help me in my future career. Course of life Tallinna Tehnikagümnaasium 2003 - 2006 Tallinna Tehnikaülikool 2006 – 2009 Military service at Signal Batallion Tallinna Tehnikaülikool 2010 – ... I started my academic career as Computer and Systems Engineer, but as I excelled in programming classes, I changed my major to Software Engineer and taken my specialty in web applications and logic. Nowadays I mainly use Java, Mathematica and C# to solve problems. For 2 times, I have taken part in ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest, where my team won the nationals and did pretty well in Europe. Also as part of notable thing in my academic career, my team wrote the Kalah game AI, that won in University's main programming class AI tournament. My hobbies are mind games and occasional problem solving. Few years ago I also competed in International Checkers EM (requires being in top 3 in nationals) as part of cadet and junior age group - I did not come close to winning, but I exceeded about half of the players each time. In high school and gymnasium I took part and later was the captain of team, that passes regionals and made it to top 3 of nationals (and later won) in (blitz) russian checkers. That was impressive because, it was a team effort as we only had (depending on year) 2-3 strong players. Although I started programming exactly 9,5 years ago I have no work experience. Well actually thats not true, as I completed my army duty, I was hired for a year (days still counting) to be apart of communicational (emergency) infrastructure action group where I'm the teams IT specialist (it's more complicated). So I consider myself to be aware of: rough conditions, teamwork, high stress tolerance, being on time and what responsibility means. As negative things I can mention: I do not have drivers licence. Although only Estonian and English are noted as requirements, then Russian is most likely required as well and I barely understand some of it. Reasons why I want to apply there, are: I need to do at least 4-6 week traineeship and it's in the right field I have the requirements and tasks seem easy enough Company is well known and has fairly good reputation Family and friend think, that it would be acceptable place to work Myriad of options to do final thesis about open up Work place is located in the same city I live atm. At moment, I see myself having a hard time explain why I would prefer it or where I see myself in 10 years if I was offered a job there. Question I have some idea how Curriculum Vitæ should look like, or I can google for template, but I'm not sure how to write informative one. Last I did one, it looked like: picture + contact information + education. Vaguely I only remember, that cover letter should be custom tailored for each place you apply containing ...

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• Video works with 'Try me' but not after install. What is the difference? U12.04LTS,

  - by HarveyP

  My hard drive got corrupted so I did a reinstall. Tested Youtube in FF during 'try me' and it worked - jerky, but it worked. Instal without all the updates (576 outstanding now) in order to get ff installed as per the demo - to no avail. In 'try me' mode ff NEVER crashed! After install ff crashed whilst I was typing in 'youtube' in the address field. When I finally got to youtube - no video. What is the difference between ff in try me and ff after install? Off to try some selected updates now to see if I can see it for myself. In previous installation I had several profiles and aliased ff with -safe-mode switch to simplify startup of most stable ff. Also found that ff startup in graphic mode worked better (but still without video) with all of the extensions disabled and all of the plugins set to "ask" and always denied ... I have SiS graphic card in SiS Motherboard for XP and ancient Hyundai ImageQuest QV770 monitor. I have Ubuntu 12.04.01 LTS 1 day after install with only the immediate upgrades requested to language pack (English UK). Using FR Alternative keyboard. Connected with domestic wifi network from Orange (FT) I really want to use Skype, but won't bother installing it (again) without video as I can do my sms on FB - whilst ff is not crashed ... Update ... Is something overflowing? I have just had to reboot in order to get ff to restart in any way shape or form - restart on crash form generates new crash form, etc. It was however a good half hour before it crashed so some improvement over conditions before disk corruption. I have now installed all of the critical updates (332 recommended updates still outstanding) which included some relating to ff. Still no video. Still crashing - especially when on Grepolis website. Since the re-install I have had a lovely 1024x768 screen, but after last ff crash and reboot I got a message about 'low graphics mode' and 'setting things myself'. I was not sufficiently tuned in at the time to take proper note - I have no doubt I shall see it again and shall report accordingly. I still have only laptop options for my screen and do not know how to rectify this. Spent a few days with ubuntu on a different, newer machine which has now suffered a graphics breakdown. Returned to this old one again, but with new flat screen Monitor. Found SIS drivers for my graphics BUT it is intended for Red Hat 7.2. I chose this over the version for 7.0 because I thought what the hell, I might not be able to do anything with either of them but this is the later one ... The file will not open with software manager - found a similar problem on Overclock but it has not helped me to install this driver. File name is sis_drv.o-410 and it is currently idling away in my Downloads folder ... I have tried the solution offered on another sis problem, but this shows that my xserver-xorg-video-sis driver is up to date. I am now at a loss as to how to proceed if I can't install the latest sis driver from sis ... Does nobody know how FF changes from "try-me" to "installed"? Any time I MUST have video I reboot from the disk again, but this is tedious! Also one of the things I mock most about MS is the constant rebooting ... UPDATE 10/6/2014 I have installed chromium-browser - worse, crashes even more often than ff.I have installed epiphany - better; Video works but not the associated soundtrack.FireFox is version 14.01 in 'try me' and version 29.0 from my install. Would it be useful to try to downgrade FireFox in order to get video?

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• Data breakpoints to find points where data gets broken

  - by raccoon_tim

  When working with a large code base, finding reasons for bizarre bugs can often be like finding a needle in a hay stack. Finding out why an object gets corrupted without no apparent reason can be quite daunting, especially when it seems to happen randomly and totally out of context. Scenario Take the following scenario as an example. You have defined the a class that contains an array of characters that is 256 characters long. You now implement a method for filling this buffer with a string passed as an argument. At this point you mistakenly expect the buffer to be 256 characters long. At some point you notice that you require another character buffer and you add that after the previous one in the class definition. You now figure that you don’t need the 256 characters that the first member can hold and you shorten that to 128 to conserve space. At this point you should start thinking that you also have to modify the method defined above to safeguard against buffer overflow. It so happens, however, that in this not so perfect world this does not cross your mind. Buffer overflow is one of the most frequent sources for errors in a piece of software and often one of the most difficult ones to detect, especially when data is read from an outside source. Many mass copy functions provided by the C run-time provide versions that have boundary checking (defined with the _s suffix) but they can not guard against hard coded buffer lengths that at some point get changed. Finding the bug Getting back to the scenario, you’re now wondering why does the second string get modified with data that makes no sense at all. Luckily, Visual Studio provides you with a tool to help you with finding just these kinds of errors. It’s called data breakpoints. To add a data breakpoint, you first run your application in debug mode or attach to it in the usual way, and then go to Debug, select New Breakpoint and New Data Breakpoint. In the popup that opens, you can type in the memory address and the amount of bytes you wish to monitor. You can also use an expression here, but it’s often difficult to come up with an expression for data in an object allocated on the heap when not in the context of a certain stack frame. There are a couple of things to note about data breakpoints, however. First of all, Visual Studio supports a maximum of four data breakpoints at any given time. Another important thing to notice is that some C run-time functions modify memory in kernel space which does not trigger the data breakpoint. For instance, calling ReadFile on a buffer that is monitored by a data breakpoint will not trigger the breakpoint. The application will now break at the address you specified it to. Often you might immediately spot the issue but the very least this feature can do is point you in the right direction in search for the real reason why the memory gets inadvertently modified. Conclusions Data breakpoints are a great feature, especially when doing a lot of low level operations where multiple locations modify the same data. With the exception of some special cases, like kernel memory modification, you can use it whenever you need to check when memory at a certain location gets changed on purpose or inadvertently.

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• What Counts for a DBA: Skill

  - by drsql

  “Practice makes perfect:” right? Well, not exactly. The reality of it all is that this saying is an untrustworthy aphorism. I discovered this in my “younger” days when I was a passionate tennis player, practicing and playing 20+ hours a week. No matter what my passion level was, without some serious coaching (and perhaps a change in dietary habits), my skill level was never going to rise to a level where I could make any money at the sport that involved something other than selling tennis balls at a sporting goods store. My game may have improved with all that practice but I had too many bad practices to overcome. Practice by itself merely reinforces what we know and what we can figure out naturally. The truth is actually closer to the expression used by Vince Lombardi: “Perfect practice makes perfect.” So how do you get to become skilled as a DBA if practice alone isn’t sufficient? Hit the Internet and start searching for SQL training and you can find 100 different sites. There are also hundreds of blogs, magazines, books, conferences both onsite and virtual. But then how do you know who is good? Unfortunately often the worst guide can be to find out the experience level of the writer. Some of the best DBAs are frighteningly young, and some got their start back when databases were stored on stacks of paper with little holes in it. As a programmer, is it really so hard to understand normalization? Set based theory? Query optimization? Indexing and performance tuning? The biggest barrier often is previous knowledge, particularly programming skills cultivated before you get started with SQL. In the world of technology, it is pretty rare that a fresh programmer will gravitate to database programming. Database programming is very unsexy work, because without a UI all you have are a bunch of text strings that you could never impress anyone with. Newbies spend most of their time building UIs or apps with procedural code in C# or VB scoring obvious interesting wins. Making matters worse is that SQL programming requires mastery of a much different toolset than most any mainstream programming skill. Instead of controlling everything yourself, most of the really difficult work is done by the internals of the engine (written by other non-relational programmers…we just can’t get away from them.) So is there a golden road to achieving a high skill level? Sadly, with tennis, I am pretty sure I’ll never discover it. However, with programming it seems to boil down to practice in applying the appropriate techniques for whatever type of programming you are doing. Can a C# programmer build a great database? As long as they don’t treat SQL like C#, absolutely. Same goes for a DBA writing C# code. None of this stuff is rocket science, as long as you learn to understand that different types of programming require different skill sets and you as a programmer must recognize the difference between one of the procedural languages and SQL and treat them differently. Skill comes from practicing doing things the right way and making “right” a habit.

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• Migrating VB6 to HTML5 is not a fiction - Customer success story

  - by Webgui

  All of you VB developers in the present or past would probably find it hard to believe that the old VB code can be migrated and modernized into the latest .NET based HTML5 without having to rewrite the application. But we have been working on such tools for the past couple of years and already have several real world applications that were fully 'transposed' from VB6. The solution is called Instant CloudMove and its main tool is called the TranspositionStudio. It is a unique solution that relies on the concept of transposition. Transposition comes from mathematics and music and refers to exchanging elements while everything else remains the same or moving an element as is from one environment to another. This means that we are taking the source code and put it in a modern technological environment with relatively few adjustments.The concept is based on a set of Mapping Expressions which are basically links between an element in the source environment and one in the target environment that has the same functionality. About 95% of the code is usually mapped out-of-the-box and the rest is handled with easy-to-use mapping tools designed for Visual Studio developers providing them with a familiar environment and concepts for completing the mapping and allowing them to extend and customize existing mapping expressions. The solution is also based on a circular workflow that enables developers to make any changes as required until the result is satisfying.As opposed to existing migration solutions that offer automation are usually a “black box” to the user, the transposition concept enables full visibility, flexibility and control over the code and process at all times allowing to also add/change functionalities or upgrade the UI within the process and tools.This is exactly the case with our customer’s aging VB6 PMS (Property Management System) which needed a technological update as well as a design refresh. The decision was to move the VB6 application which had about 1 million lines of code into the latest web technology. Since the application was initially written 13 years ago and had many upgrades since the code must be very patchy and includes unused sections. As a result, the company Mihshuv Group considered rewriting the entire application in Java since it already had the knowledge. Rewrite would allow starting with a clean slate and designing functionality, database architecture, UI without any constraints. On the other hand, rewrite entitles a long and detailed specification work as well as a thorough QA and this translates into a long project with high risk and costs.So the company looked for a migration solution as an alternative; the research lead to Gizmox and after examining the technology it was decided to perform a hybrid project which would include an automatic transposition of the core of the VB6 application (200,000 lines of code) while they redesigning the UI, adding new functionality, deleting unused code and rewriting about 140 reports with Crystal Reports will be done manually using Visual WebGui development tools.The migration part of the project was completed in 65 days by 3 developers from Mihshuv Group guided by Gizmox migration experts while the rewrite and UI upgrade tasks took about the same. So in only a few months period Mihshuv Group generated an up-to-date product, written in the latest Web technology with modern, friendly UI and improved functionality. Guest selection screen of the original VB6 PMS Guest selection screen on the new web–based PMS Compared to the initial plan to rewrite the entire application in Java, the hybrid migration/rewrite approach taken by Mihshuv Group using Gizmox technology proved as a great decision. In terms of time and cost there were substantial savings; from a project that was priced for at least a year (without taking into account the huge risk and uncertainty) it became a few months project only. More about this and other customer stories can be found here

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• Obfuscation is not a panacea

  - by simonc

  So, you want to obfuscate your .NET application. My question to you is: Why? What are your aims when your obfuscate your application? To protect your IP & algorithms? Prevent crackers from breaking your licensing? Your boss says you need to? To give you a warm fuzzy feeling inside? Obfuscating code correctly can be tricky, it can break your app if applied incorrectly, it can cause problems down the line. Let me be clear - there are some very good reasons why you would want to obfuscate your .NET application. However, you shouldn't be obfuscating for the sake of obfuscating. Security through Obfuscation? Once your application has been installed on a user’s computer, you no longer control it. If they do not want to pay for your application, then nothing can stop them from cracking it, even if the time cost to them is much greater than the cost of actually paying for it. Some people will not pay for software, even if it takes them a month to crack a $30 app. And once it is cracked, there is nothing stopping them from putting the result up on the internet. There should be nothing suprising about this; there is no software protection available for general-purpose computers that cannot be cracked by a sufficiently determined attacker. Only by completely controlling the entire stack – software, hardware, and the internet connection, can you have even a chance to be uncrackable. And even then, someone somewhere will still have a go, and probably succeed. Even high-end cryptoprocessors have known vulnerabilities that can be exploited by someone with a scanning electron microscope and lots of free time. So, then, why use obfuscation? Well, the primary reason is to protect your IP. What obfuscation is very good at is hiding the overall structure of your program, so that it’s very hard to figure out what exactly the code is doing at any one time, what context it is running in, and how it fits in with the rest of the application; all of which you need to do to understand how the application operates. This is completely different to cracking an application, where you simply have to find a single toggle that determines whether the application is licensed or not, and flip it without the rest of the application noticing. However, again, there are limitations. An obfuscated application still has to run in the same way, and do the same thing, as the original unobfuscated application. This means that some of the protections applied to the obfuscated assembly have to be undone at runtime, else it would not run on the CLR and do the same thing. And, again, since we don’t control the environment the application is run on, there is nothing stopping a user from undoing those protections manually, and reversing some of the obfuscation. It’s a perpetual arms race, and it always will be. We have plenty of ideas lined about new protections, and the new protections added in SA 6.6 (method parent obfuscation and a new control flow obfuscation level) are specifically designed to be harder to reverse and reconstruct the original structure. So then, by all means, obfuscate your application if you want to protect the algorithms and what the application does. That’s what SmartAssembly is designed to do. But make sure you are clear what a .NET obfuscator can and cannot protect you against, and don’t expect your obfuscated application to be uncrackable. Someone, somewhere, will crack your application if they want to and they don’t have anything better to do with their time. The best we can do is dissuade the casual crackers and make it much more difficult for the serious ones. Cross posted from Simple Talk.

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• Can someone explain the true landscape of Rails vs PHP deployment, particularly within the context of Reseller-based web hosting (e.g., Hostgator)?

  - by rcd

  Currently, I have a reseller account with the company HostGator. I design websites, which up until now have occasionally been wrapped in Wordpress CMSs and the like (PHP applications). I then sell hosting (of the site I've designed) to the client, which is pretty simple, in that I can simply click a button and add a new shared hosting account/site with whatever settings I want. Furthermore, I then utilize WHMCS to automate billing and account management. It's a nice package and pretty simple. I pay something like $25 a month, and can sell a hundred accounts under this (because my clients bandwidth requirements are low). Now I am finding the need to develop more customized applications, including a minimalist CMS and several proprietary things. I soon anticipate developing these apps for clients as well. Thus, I've spent the past few months learning Rails, and it's coming along well now. The thing that has nagged at me all along, though, is the deployment issue. I can't wrap my brain around it. It seems like all of the popular options (Heroku, etc) have nice automation with git and are set up in the "Rails Way". I get that (sort of). But it's terribly expensive... a single dyno, a helper, and the cheapest database (which they say is mainly suitable for testing) that isn't limited to 5MB runs $51. This is for ONE app!!! Throw in a "production" DB and you're over $200. This is like... the same prices as getting a server somewhere, right? Meanwhile, going back to what I guess is a "traditional" hosting environment with Hostgator, their server only has Ruby 1.8.7 and Rails 2.3.5... No Rails 3. AND, no Passenger (not that I really understand the difference in CGI or mod_rails or whatever, but they say Passenger is the simplest). So I'm to understand that if I build an app in Rails 3, it won't run at all on this host? But damn, I already have these accounts under my reseller account there, all running static html and/or PHP stuff, right? So what now? How do I get all of this under one simple (and affordable) roof? Forgive my ignorance, but I just don't get it. Managing a VPS is cool and all, but entails learning server admin stuff and security... And it's expensive. I get that a shared and/or reseller "server-based" (forgive the terminology) may be inadequate for large-scale apps that use a lot of bandwidth... But what about for those of us who are building real (but small and low bandwidth) apps (with Rails) and who want to deploy them simply, cheaply, using the same conceptual approach as PHP? Even after learning all of this Ruby and Rails stuff for months, I'm questioning whether it's worth it when it comes to deployment. I want to build a small app, upload it to my home directory on a shared server account, and just make it run. Why should that be so hard? Am I just choosing the wrong language/framework? Forgive my ignorance in the subject; these questions are not rhetorical; just trying to learn here. So: 1) I'd appreciate if someone could give me a good rundown of how to understand deployment in Rails vs. PHP. 2) I'd appreciate if someone could address my issue with running a hosting/web business around reseller hosting (Hostgator) while also being able to host Rails apps. Can it be done? And how can a company like Hostgator completely ignore what's current in Rails/Ruby? Thanks.

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• How to restore/change Alt+Tab behaviour/ram usage and a few other things after Ubuntu upgrade from 11.04 to 11.10?

  - by fiktor

  I use Ubuntu for programming. I recently updated it from 11.04 to 11.10. There are some things I don't like in the new version of Unity desktop interface. I don't actually know if it is hard to restore previous behavior or not, and if it is not, where should I look to do that. I know a bit of programming, but I really don't know much about Linux settings. I used to have 3-6 terminal windows and switch between them with Alt+Tab and Shift+Alt+Tab. I liked half-transparent terminal windows, since with them I could open web-page with some instruction in Firefox, press Alt+Tab and type commands in a console window, being able to recognize text on a web-page under it. Now I have problems with my usual work-style because of the following. List of "negative" changes Alt+Tab shows just one icon for all console windows. When I wait some time, it, however, shows all windows, but I don't like to wait. I prefer to remember order of windows and press Alt+Tab as many times as I need to switch to the right window. Alt+Shift+Tab to switch in reverse order doesn't work now. Console windows are not transparent any more. When I don't wait, and switch to this icon, it shows all console windows altogether. So even if they were transparent, I wouldn't be able to see anything below them (I can read something only from the window, which is directly under current one, not a few levels under). When I run a few console windows in Unity I had 740Mb used on Ubuntu 11.04, but I have 1050Mb now. The question is how to make it back to 750-. I really need my memory, since I use my computer to work with 1512Mb of data and I try to save every 10Mb possible (if it doesn't take too much of machine and, more importantly, my time). When I press "The Super key" I have a field to type the name of the program I want to run. But now it sometimes shows this field, but when I'm trying to type nothing happens. Probably, focus is not on the right field. I don't really mean to restore exactly the same behavior, but I want to make my work in Ubuntu 11.10 efficient (at least as efficient as in Ubuntu 11.04). I would be happy if there are some ways to accomplish that. What have I tried I have installed CompizConfig Settings Manager. I have read this question. However enabling "Static Application Switcher" makes Alt+Tab crazy: after enabling it It says about key-binding conflicts with "Ubuntu Unity Plugin"; "Alt+Tab" switching doesn't change, but "Shift+Alt+Tab" now works and shows all windows; Memory usage increases. I have tried turning off Ubuntu Unity Plugin, but this doesn't seem right thing to do, since it seems to turn off all menus, a lot of keystrokes and app-launcher, which usually activates with "The Super key". I have found, that window transparency can be enabled by "Opacity, Brightness and Saturation" plugin from Accessibility. However I don't know if enabling it is the right thing to do (at least it increases memory usage). Update: everything solved but #3: see my own answer below. I have made a separate question about issue #3 (transparency).

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• installer can't find partition, but fdisk can find them

  - by pxd

  I'm installing ubuntu 12.04, my system had install 2 system -- winxp and ubuntu 10.10. Now, I want to update ubuntu to 12.04. I use usb disk to install 12.04. But, the installer can't not find my partition in my harddisk. But, the fdisk can find them. Can you help me? How to do? ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo lshw -short H/W path Device Class Description system HP 2230s (NN868PA#AB2) /0 bus 3037 /0/9 memory 64KiB BIOS /0/0 processor Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU T6570 @ 2.10GHz /0/0/1 memory 2MiB L2 cache /0/0/3 memory 32KiB L1 cache /0/0/0.1 processor Logical CPU /0/0/0.2 processor Logical CPU /0/2 memory 32KiB L1 cache /0/4 memory 2GiB System Memory /0/4/0 memory SODIMM [empty] /0/4/1 memory 2GiB SODIMM DDR2 Synchronous 800 MHz (1.2 ns) /0/100 bridge Mobile 4 Series Chipset Memory Controller Hub /0/100/2 display Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller /0/100/2.1 display Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller /0/100/1a bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #4 /0/100/1a.1 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #5 /0/100/1a.2 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #6 /0/100/1a.7 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #2 /0/100/1b multimedia 82801I (ICH9 Family) HD Audio Controller /0/100/1c bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 1 /0/100/1c.1 bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 2 /0/100/1c.1/0 wlan1 network PRO/Wireless 5100 AGN [Shiloh] Network Connection /0/100/1c.2 bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 3 /0/100/1c.4 bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 5 /0/100/1c.5 bridge 82801I (ICH9 Family) PCI Express Port 6 /0/100/1c.5/0 eth1 network 88E8072 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller /0/100/1d bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #1 /0/100/1d.1 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #2 /0/100/1d.2 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB UHCI Controller #3 /0/100/1d.7 bus 82801I (ICH9 Family) USB2 EHCI Controller #1 /0/100/1e bridge 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge /0/100/1f bridge ICH9M LPC Interface Controller /0/100/1f.2 scsi0 storage 82801IBM/IEM (ICH9M/ICH9M-E) 4 port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] /0/100/1f.2/0 /dev/sda disk 500GB WDC WD5000BEVT-0 /0/100/1f.2/0/1 /dev/sda1 volume 48GiB Windows NTFS volume /0/100/1f.2/0/2 /dev/sda2 volume 416GiB Extended partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2/5 /dev/sda5 volume 97GiB HPFS/NTFS partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2/6 /dev/sda6 volume 198GiB HPFS/NTFS partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2/7 /dev/sda7 volume 27GiB Linux filesystem partition /0/100/1f.2/0/2/8 /dev/sda8 volume 93GiB Linux filesystem partition /0/100/1f.2/1 /dev/cdrom disk CDDVDW TS-L633M /0/1 scsi6 storage /0/1/0.0.0 /dev/sdb disk 15GB STORAGE DEVICE /0/1/0.0.0/0 /dev/sdb disk 15GB /0/1/0.0.0/0/1 /dev/sdb1 volume 14GiB Windows FAT volume /1 power HZ04037 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x31263125 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 63 102277727 51138832+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 102277728 976784129 437253201 f W95 Ext'd (LBA) /dev/sda5 102277791 307078127 102400168+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda6 307078191 724141151 208531480+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 724142080 781459455 28658688 83 Linux /dev/sda8 781461504 976771071 97654784 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 15.9 GB, 15931539456 bytes 64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 15193 cylinders, total 31116288 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0009eb92 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id Systemfile:///home/ubuntu/Pictures/Screenshot%20from%202012-07-07%2010:25:40.png /dev/sdb1 * 32 31115263 15557616 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) ubuntu 12.04 installer can't find the partition in my hard disk, only find device - /dev/sda.(sorry, I'm new user, so can't send image.)

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• A* algorithm very slow

  - by Amaranth

  I have an programming a RTS game (I use XNA with C#). The pathfinding is working fine, except that when it has a lot of node to search in, there is a lag period of one or two seconds, it happens mainly when there is no path to the target destination, since it that situation there is more nodes to explore. I have the same problem when the path is shorter but selected more than 3 units (can't take the same path since the selected units can be in different part of the map). private List<NodeInfo> FindPath(Unit u, NodeInfo start, NodeInfo end) { Map map = GameInfo.GetInstance().GameMap; _nearestToTarget = start; start.MoveCost = 0; Vector2 endPosition = map.getTileByPos(end.X, end.Y).Position; //getTileByPos simply gets the tile in a 2D array with the X and Y indexes start.EstimatedRemainingCost = (int)(endPosition - map.getTileByPos(start.X, start.Y).Position).Length(); start.Parent = null; List<NodeInfo> openedNodes = new List<NodeInfo>(); ; List<NodeInfo> closedNodes = new List<NodeInfo>(); Point[] movements = GetMovements(u.UnitType); openedNodes.Add(start); while (!closedNodes.Contains(end) && openedNodes.Count > 0) { //Loop in nodes to find lowest cost NodeInfo currentNode = FindLowestCostOpenedNode(openedNodes); openedNodes.Remove(currentNode); closedNodes.Add(currentNode); Vector2 previousMouvement; if (currentNode.Parent == null) { previousMouvement = ConvertRotationToDirectionVector(u.Rotation); } else { previousMouvement = map.getTileByPos(currentNode.X, currentNode.Y).Position - map.getTileByPos(currentNode.Parent.X, currentNode.Parent.Y).Position; previousMouvement.Normalize(); } //For each neighbor foreach (Point movement in movements) { Point exploredGridPos = new Point(currentNode.X + movement.X, currentNode.Y + movement.Y); //Checks if valid move and checks if not if closed nodes list if (ValidNavigableNode(u.UnitType, new Point(currentNode.X, currentNode.Y), exploredGridPos) && !closedNodes.Contains(_gridMap[exploredGridPos.Y, exploredGridPos.X])) { NodeInfo exploredNode = _gridMap[exploredGridPos.Y, exploredGridPos.X]; Tile.TileType exploredTerrain = map.getTileByPos(exploredGridPos.X, exploredGridPos.Y).TerrainType; if(openedNodes.Contains(exploredNode)) { int newCost = currentNode.MoveCost + GetMoveCost(previousMouvement, movement, exploredTerrain); if (newCost < exploredNode.MoveCost) { exploredNode.Parent = currentNode; exploredNode.MoveCost = newCost; //Find nearest tile to the target (in case doesn't find path to target) //Only compares the node to the current nearest FindNearest(exploredNode); } } else { exploredNode.Parent = currentNode; exploredNode.MoveCost = currentNode.MoveCost + GetMoveCost(previousMouvement, movement, exploredTerrain); Vector2 exploredNodeWorldPos = map.getTileByPos(exploredGridPos.X, exploredGridPos.Y).Position; exploredNode.EstimatedRemainingCost = (int)(endPosition - exploredNodeWorldPos).Length(); //Find nearest tile to the target (in case doesn't find path to target) //Only compares the node to the current nearest FindNearest(exploredNode); openedNodes.Add(exploredNode); } } } } return closedNodes; } After that, I simply check if the end node is contained in the returned nodes. If so, I add the end node and each parent until I reach the start. If not, I add the nearestToTarget and each parent until I reach the start. I added a condition before calling FindPath so that only one unit can call a find path each frame (60 frame per second), but it makes no difference. I thought maybe I could solve this by allowing the find path to run in background while the game continues to run correctly, even if it takes a few frame (it is currently sequential sonce it is called in the update() of the unit if there's a target location but no path), but I don't really know how... I also though about sorting my opened nodes list by cost so I don't have to loop them, but I don't know if that would have an effect on the performance... Would there be other solutions? P.S. In the code, when I get the Move Cost, I check if the unit has to turn to perform the move, and the terrain type, nothing hard to do.

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• The long road to bug-free software

  - by Tony Davis

  The past decade has seen a burgeoning interest in functional programming languages such as Haskell or, in the Microsoft world, F#. Though still on the periphery of mainstream programming, functional programming concepts are gradually seeping into the imperative C# language (for example, Lambda expressions have their root in functional programming). One of the more interesting concepts from functional programming languages is the use of formal methods, the lofty ideal behind which is bug-free software. The idea is that we write a specification that describes exactly how our function (say) should behave. We then prove that our function conforms to it, and in doing so have proved beyond any doubt that it is free from bugs. All programmers already use one form of specification, specifically their programming language's type system. If a value has a specific type then, in a type-safe language, the compiler guarantees that value cannot be an instance of a different type. Many extensions to existing type systems, such as generics in Java and .NET, extend the range of programs that can be type-checked. Unfortunately, type systems can only prevent some bugs. To take a classic problem of retrieving an index value from an array, since the type system doesn't specify the length of the array, the compiler has no way of knowing that a request for the "value of index 4" from an array of only two elements is "unsafe". We restore safety via exception handling, but the ideal type system will prevent us from doing anything that is unsafe in the first place and this is where we start to borrow ideas from a language such as Haskell, with its concept of "dependent types". If the type of an array includes its length, we can ensure that any index accesses into the array are valid. The problem is that we now need to carry around the length of arrays and the values of indices throughout our code so that it can be type-checked. In general, writing the specification to prove a positive property, even for a problem very amenable to specification, such as a simple sorting algorithm, turns out to be very hard and the specification will be different for every program. Extend this to writing a specification for, say, Microsoft Word and we can see that the specification would end up being no simpler, and therefore no less buggy, than the implementation. Fortunately, it is easier to write a specification that proves that a program doesn't have certain, specific and undesirable properties, such as infinite loops or accesses to the wrong bit of memory. If we can write the specifications to prove that a program is immune to such problems, we could reuse them in many places. The problem is the lack of specification "provers" that can do this without a lot of manual intervention (i.e. hints from the programmer). All this might feel a very long way off, but computing power and our understanding of the theory of "provers" advances quickly, and Microsoft is doing some of it already. Via their Terminator research project they have started to prove that their device drivers will always terminate, and in so doing have suddenly eliminated a vast range of possible bugs. This is a huge step forward from saying, "we've tested it lots and it seems fine". What do you think? What might be good targets for specification and verification? SQL could be one: the cost of a bug in SQL Server is quite high given how many important systems rely on it, so there's a good incentive to eliminate bugs, even at high initial cost. [Many thanks to Mike Williamson for guidance and useful conversations during the writing of this piece] Cheers, Tony.

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• Concurrent Affairs

  - by Tony Davis

  I once wrote an editorial, multi-core mania, on the conundrum of ever-increasing numbers of processor cores, but without the concurrent programming techniques to get anywhere near exploiting their performance potential. I came to the.controversial.conclusion that, while the problem loomed for all procedural languages, it was not a big issue for the vast majority of programmers. Two years later, I still think most programmers don't concern themselves overly with this issue, but I do think that's a bigger problem than I originally implied. Firstly, is the performance boost from writing code that can fully exploit all available cores worth the cost of the additional programming complexity? Right now, with quad-core processors that, at best, can make our programs four times faster, the answer is still no for many applications. But what happens in a few years, as the number of cores grows to 100 or even 1000? At this point, it becomes very hard to ignore the potential gains from exploiting concurrency. Possibly, I was optimistic to assume that, by the time we have 100-core processors, and most applications really needed to exploit them, some technology would be around to allow us to do so with relative ease. The ideal solution would be one that allows programmers to forget about the problem, in much the same way that garbage collection removed the need to worry too much about memory allocation. From all I can find on the topic, though, there is only a remote likelihood that we'll ever have a compiler that takes a program written in a single-threaded style and "auto-magically" converts it into an efficient, correct, multi-threaded program. At the same time, it seems clear that what is currently the most common solution, multi-threaded programming with shared memory, is unsustainable. As soon as a piece of state can be changed by a different thread of execution, the potential number of execution paths through your program grows exponentially with the number of threads. If you have two threads, each executing n instructions, then there are 2^n possible "interleavings" of those instructions. Of course, many of those interleavings will have identical behavior, but several won't. Not only does this make understanding how a program works an order of magnitude harder, but it will also result in irreproducible, non-deterministic, bugs. And of course, the problem will be many times worse when you have a hundred or a thousand threads. So what is the answer? All of the possible alternatives require a change in the way we write programs and, currently, seem to be plagued by performance issues. Software transactional memory (STM) applies the ideas of database transactions, and optimistic concurrency control, to memory. However, working out how to break down your program into sufficiently small transactions, so as to avoid contention issues, isn't easy. Another approach is concurrency with actors, where instead of having threads share memory, each thread runs in complete isolation, and communicates with others by passing messages. It simplifies concurrent programs but still has performance issues, if the threads need to operate on the same large piece of data. There are doubtless other possible solutions that I haven't mentioned, and I would love to know to what extent you, as a developer, are considering the problem of multi-core concurrency, what solution you currently favor, and why. Cheers, Tony.

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• How to be Agile when new work keeps affecting completed work?

  - by jdln

  The project I'm working on is to re-skin an existing website. The functionally will stay the same, its just the styles that are changing. The HTML is not changing, I'm only modifying the CSS files. The site is pretty complex. There are dozens of pages. Users can be logged in and have a number of different roles. Depending on their role the content of the page and what pages they are allowed to see varys. We're using GIT and Github. I'm trying to write CSS that works as components. So when the same form elements, headings, etc appear on multiple pages they are already styled and are consistent. Most of time this is working well. Sadly the format and class names in the HTML are at times messy and unpredictable. When I fix something on one page it can break another. The job is also harder as no one knows exactly all the variations that are possible due to the user roles. As such I'm continuously finding new variations as I go along. I'm making headway by putting a lot of comments in my CSS. If I need to remove a CSS rule Ill comment it out so I can still see it with the chrome dev tools, and ill put a comment in the CSS saying why I removed it and for what page this was done. This means that if on another page I'm about to add add the rule to fix a different problem, there is more of a chance I will see how this would break the first page. This allows me to either find a different solution that will work for both pages, or I can make the override page specific. This has been working quite well for me. If I had complete free reign and the only deadline was to finish the project by the end then this method would be fine. However my manager is trying to mitigate risk by breaking the work into areas to be completed per sprint. This is counter to how I have been approaching things as something like my typography styles will affect all other pages on the site. The other issue is that the different stakeholders want to sign off each section as I go along. However once I've finished a section it may change if I change CSS that affects it and also affects a new section I'm working on. I've asked that the stakeholders have a quick unofficial sign off in stages (eg per sprint), and have the final official sign off at the end of the project, but this is being met with resistance. I do understand why it would be higher risk to do this, but the only way to guarantee that a signed off section will not change is to make ALL future changes page specific. In addition to this I'm being told that all work that I push to the Git repo should be ready to go live, and as such should not contain any code comments. This is risky for me as I wont know until I've finished the site if I will ever benefit from these comments or not. Has anyone else been in a similar situation and managed to find a compromise that worked for my development approach and also the desires of management and stakeholders to have a more Agile approach? A more Agile workflow works great when you can break the work into components and know that once something is done it wont be affected by future work. However the nature of this project makes this hard to achieve.

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• Reading graph inputs for a programming puzzle and then solving it

  - by Vrashabh

  I just took a programming competition question and I absolutely bombed it. I had trouble right at the beginning itself from reading the input set. The question was basically a variant of this puzzle http://codercharts.com/puzzle/evacuation-plan but also had an hour component in the first line(say 3 hours after start of evacuation). It reads like this This puzzle is a tribute to all the people who suffered from the earthquake in Japan. The goal of this puzzle is, given a network of road and locations, to determine the maximum number of people that can be evacuated. The people must be evacuated from evacuation points to rescue points. The list of road and the number of people they can carry per hour is provided. Input Specifications Your program must accept one and only one command line argument: the input file. The input file is formatted as follows: the first line contains 4 integers n r s t n is the number of locations (each location is given by a number from 0 to n-1) r is the number of roads s is the number of locations to be evacuated from (evacuation points) t is the number of locations where people must be evacuated to (rescue points) the second line contains s integers giving the locations of the evacuation points the third line contains t integers giving the locations of the rescue points the r following lines contain to the road definitions. Each road is defined by 3 integers l1 l2 width where l1 and l2 are the locations connected by the road (roads are one-way) and width is the number of people per hour that can fit on the road Now look at the sample input set 5 5 1 2 3 0 3 4 0 1 10 0 2 5 1 2 4 1 3 5 2 4 10 The 3 in the first line is the additional component and is defined as the number of hours since the resuce has started which is 3 in this case. Now my solution was to use Dijisktras algorithm to find the shortest path between each of the rescue and evac nodes. Now my problem started with how to read the input set. I read the first line in python and stored the values in variables. But then I did not know how to store the values of the distance between the nodes and what DS to use and how to input it to say a standard implementation of dijikstras algorithm. So my question is two fold 1.) How do I take the input of such problems? - I have faced this problem in quite a few competitions recently and I hope I can get a simple code snippet or an explanation in java or python to read the data input set in such a way that I can input it as a graph to graph algorithms like dijikstra and floyd/warshall. Also a solution to the above problem would also help. 2.) How to solve this puzzle? My algorithm was: Find shortest path between evac points (in the above example it is 14 from 0 to 3) Multiply it by number of hours to get maximal number of saves Also the answer given for the variant for the input set was 24 which I dont understand. Can someone explain that also. UPDATE: I get how the answer is 14 in the given problem link - it seems to be just the shortest path between node 0 and 3. But with the 3 hour component how is the answer 24 UPDATE I get how it is 24 - its a complete graph traversal at every hour and this is how I solve it Hour 1 Node 0 to Node 1 - 10 people Node 0 to Node 2- 5 people TotalRescueCount=0 Node 1=10 Node 2= 5 Hour 2 Node 1 to Node 3 = 5(Rescued) Node 2 to Node 4 = 5(Rescued) Node 0 to Node 1 = 10 Node 0 to Node 2 = 5 Node 1 to Node 2 = 4 TotalRescueCount = 10 Node 1 = 10 Node 2= 5+4 = 9 Hour 3 Node 1 to Node 3 = 5(Rescued) Node 2 to Node 4 = 5+4 = 9(Rescued) TotalRescueCount = 9+5+10 = 24 It hard enough for this case , for multiple evac and rescue points how in the world would I write a pgm for this ?

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• nginx php5-fpm "File not found" -- FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown"

  - by jmfayard

  so I'm trying to run for the first time the nginx web server with php5-fpm on a debian wheezy server Hitting a php file display simply File not found I have done my research (waste a lot of hours actually ;), there are a lot of people that have similar problems, yet I didn't succeed to correct it with what worked for them. I still have the same error : $ tail /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/error.log /var/log/php5-fpm.log | less == /var/log/nginx/error.log <== 2013/10/26 21:36:00 [error] 6900#0: *1971 FastCGI sent in stderr: "Primary script unknown" while reading response header from upstream, I have tried a lot of things, it's hard to remember what. I have put my config files on github my /etc/nginx/nginx.conf my /etc/php5/fpm/php-fpm.conf Currently, the nginx.conf configuration uses this... server { server_name mydomain.tld; root /srv/data1/test; location ~ \.php$ { try_files $uri =404; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf contains listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 I have tried the unix socket version, same thing. fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock; I made sure the server is started $ netstat -alnp | grep LISTEN tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6913/php-fpm.conf) tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4785/mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:842 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2286/inetd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2812/rpcbind tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5710/nginx tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2560/sshd tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:443 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5710/nginx tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 2812/rpcbind unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 323648 6574/tmux /tmp//tmux-1000/default unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 619072 6790/fcgiwrap /var/run/fcgiwrap.socket unix 2 [ ACC ] SEQPACKET LISTENING 323 464/udevd /run/udev/control unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 610686 2812/rpcbind /var/run/rpcbind.sock unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 318633 4785/mysqld /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock Each time I modify the nginx.conf file, I make sure to relaunch this command nginx -t && nginx -s reload && echo "nginx configuration reloaded" and same thing for php5-fpm /etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart Thanks for your help :-)

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• Errors when switching to specific static IP

  - by michaelc

  I had a Fedora box running using my static IP 69.169.136.6, etc, all configured according to what the ISP required. Just recently the hard drive failed (and I should have been keeping better backups) - while it is being recovered I would like to put up a webpage on my Archlinux PC explaining the problem - I presently do not have sufficient access to change the DNS record assigned to the domain. When I change my ip address while my system is running to 69.169.136.6, ifconfig reports the new ip address, but http://whatismyip.com/ does not. When I change it and reboot, I can't ping - the message I recieve is "connect: Network is unreachable" (when given one of google.com 's IP addresses - hostnames give me ping: unknown host xxx). Until I have access to the DNS system, what can I do to make this work? Edit: With new IP address, same problem, IP is now 69.169.136.29. Some commands might be useful: #ping 69.169.136.1 PING 69.169.136.1 (69.169.136.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 69.169.136.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.377 ms #ping 69.169.190.211 connect: Network is unreachable #ping 208.72.160.67 connect: Network is unreachable #ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:E0:4D:97:23:9B inet addr:69.169.136.29 Bcast:69.169.137.255 Mask:255.255.254.0 inet6 addr: fe80::2e0:4dff:fe97:239b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:132091 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:17 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:9635179 (9.1 Mb) TX bytes:1322 (1.2 Kb) Interrupt:29 Base address:0x6000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:2480 (2.4 Kb) TX bytes:2480 (2.4 Kb) #ip route 69.169.136.0/23 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 69.169.136.29 #cat /etc/resolv.conf # Generated by dhcpcd #nameserver 208.67.222.222 #nameserver 208.67.220.220 nameserver 69.169.190.211 nameserver 208.72.160.67 # /etc/resolv.conf.tail can replace this line Update: have new static IP addresses, verified to work in Windows... Relevant portions of /etc/rc.conf below: #Static IP example #eth0="eth0 69.169.136.6 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 69.169.136.1" #eth0="eth0 69.169.136.29 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 69.169.137.255" eth0="eth0 69.169.136.32 netmask 255.255.254.0 broadcast 69.169.137.255" #eth0="dhcp" INTERFACES=(eth0) # Routes to start at boot-up (in this order) # Declare each route then list in ROUTES # - prefix an entry in ROUTES with a ! to disable it # #gateway="default gw 192.168.0.1" gateway="default gw 69.169.136.1" #gateway="69.169.136.1" ROUTES=(!gateway) #ROUTES=()

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• pfsense peer-to-peer OpenVPN not connecting

  - by John P

  I'm trying to setup a peer-to-peer OpenVPN between two pfsense servers running 2.0.1-RELEASE, but the client keeps getting the connection dropped, with a status of "reconnecting; ping-restart" and nothing appears to be routing between them. Both these firewalls are also doing PPTP VPNs that are working correctly. FW01 ("server") ======================= LAN: 10.1.1.2/24 WAN: xx.xx.126.34/27 ServerMode: Peer to Peer (Shared Key) Protocol: UDP DeviceMode: tun Interface: WAN Port 1194 Tunnel: 10.0.8.1/30 Local Network: 10.1.1.0/24 Remote Network: 192.168.1.0/24 Firewall Rule in OpenVPN tab: UDP * * * * * none FW03 (client) LAN: 192.168.1.2/24 WAN: xx.xx.9.66/27 ServerMode: Peer to Peer (Shared Key) Protocol: UDP DeviceMode: tun Interface: WAN Server Host: xx.xx.126.34 Tunnel: -- also tried 10.1.8.0/24 Remote Network: 10.1.1.0/24 Client Logs: System Log Apr 6 18:00:08 kernel: ... Restarting packages. Apr 6 18:00:13 check_reload_status: Starting packages Apr 6 18:00:19 php: : Restarting/Starting all packages. Apr 6 18:00:56 kernel: ovpnc1: link state changed to DOWN Apr 6 18:00:56 check_reload_status: Reloading filter Apr 6 18:00:57 check_reload_status: Reloading filter Apr 6 18:00:57 kernel: ovpnc1: link state changed to UP Apr 6 18:00:57 check_reload_status: rc.newwanip starting ovpnc1 Apr 6 18:00:57 check_reload_status: Syncing firewall Apr 6 18:01:02 php: : rc.newwanip: Informational is starting ovpnc1. Apr 6 18:01:02 php: : rc.newwanip: on (IP address: ) (interface: ) (real interface: ovpnc1). Apr 6 18:01:02 php: : rc.newwanip: Failed to update IP, restarting... Apr 6 18:01:02 php: : send_event: sent interface reconfigure got ERROR: incomplete command. all reload reconfigure restart newip linkup sync Client OpenVPN log Apr 6 18:39:14 openvpn[12177]: Inactivity timeout (--ping-restart), restarting Apr 6 18:39:14 openvpn[12177]: SIGUSR1[soft,ping-restart] received, process restarting Apr 6 18:39:16 openvpn[12177]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Apr 6 18:39:16 openvpn[12177]: Re-using pre-shared static key Apr 6 18:39:16 openvpn[12177]: Preserving previous TUN/TAP instance: ovpnc1 Apr 6 18:39:16 openvpn[12177]: UDPv4 link local (bound): [AF_INET]64.94.9.66 Apr 6 18:39:16 openvpn[12177]: UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]64.74.126.34:1194 Server OpenVPN log Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[22117]: UDPv4 link remote: [undef] Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[22117]: UDPv4 link local (bound): [AF_INET]xx.xx.126.34:1194 Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[21006]: /usr/local/sbin/ovpn-linkup ovpns1 1500 1557 10.1.8.1 10.1.8.2 init Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[21006]: /sbin/ifconfig ovpns1 10.1.8.1 10.1.8.2 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.255 up Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[21006]: do_ifconfig, tt-ipv6=0, tt-did_ifconfig_ipv6_setup=0 Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[21006]: TUN/TAP device /dev/tun1 opened Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[21006]: Control Channel Authentication: using '/var/etc/openvpn/server1.tls-auth' as a OpenVPN static key file Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[21006]: NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[21006]: OpenVPN 2.2.0 amd64-portbld-freebsd8.1 [SSL] [LZO2] [eurephia] [MH] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110424-2 (2.2RC2)] built on Aug 11 2011 Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[17171]: SIGTERM[hard,] received, process exiting Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[17171]: /usr/local/sbin/ovpn-linkdown ovpns1 1500 1557 10.1.8.1 10.1.8.2 init Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[17171]: ERROR: FreeBSD route delete command failed: external program exited with error status: 1 Apr 6 14:40:36 openvpn[17171]: event_wait : Interrupted system call (code=4) Apr 6 14:06:32 openvpn[17171]: Initialization Sequence Completed Apr 6 14:06:32 openvpn[17171]: UDPv4 link remote: [undef] Apr 6 14:06:32 openvpn[17171]: UDPv4 link local (bound): [AF_INET]xx.xx.126.34:1194

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• Where to find new Micro-BTX (uBTX) motherboards? Or should I just replace the box?

  - by John Rudy

  OK, so I'm guessing that it's dead. It's not my machine, and the owner is on a very fixed (IE, none) income. I'm generous, but I'm not that generous, since I already gave him what (at the time) was a fully functional and fairly well-equipped machine. (Aside from the mobo and proc, almost nothing else in it was stock. I'd taken it up to 3GB of RAM, upgraded the hard drive, added a decent video card, installed a wireless adapter, running Vista, etc.) According to further research, the machine uses a Micro-BTX (uBTX) motherboard, and since it's an AMD Athlon64, the AM2 socket. So I'm looking at a few options, and am wondering what's the best route to take? Find an AM2 socket uBTX mobo. I can't find them new online anywhere, leading me to believe that this is an obsolete form factor/chip combination. I don't want a refurb or a system pull because, quite honestly, once I deal with this mess, I don't want to go through it again in another year or two. Find an Intel uBTX mobo and a (relatively -- hah, I still want at least a dual-core) inexpensive Intel CPU. At this point, the only things stock in the machine would be the case and the PSU. :) Buy a bare-bones kit (mobo/proc/PSU/case, sometimes even RAM) from somewhere like CompUSA/TigerDirect or Fry's and move all of the other hardware over. This makes life difficult because the copy of Vista is an upgrade, tied to the copy of XP which shipped on the Gateway, which is OEM and won't install on the new box. :) If I change the CPU brand (AMD to Intel), will I need to reinstall Windows, or can it just be reactivated? Where can I actually find a new, in-box, not system pull, not refurb AM2 uBTX mobo? Do they even exist anymore? What kind of money are we talking (US dollars)? The end goal is to get the machine functional again as cheaply as humanly possible. If it were my own machine, I wouldn't even be asking this, I'd be custom-building a new one. However, it's not mine, I'm shelling out of pocket for the fix (plus the work), and thus want to keep that end price low-low-low.

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• Macbook Pro - Randomly sleeps and won't wake up

  - by James

  All, I have a Macbook Pro 13" (mid 2009) that has had a long time issues which seems to be getting worse. Occasionally, I will go to wake the computer with the keyboard and can't wake it. The HDD spins up, the light on the front of the computer stops blinking, but as soon as it seems like the display should light up, the HDD stops and the light begins blinking again. More rarely, the computer will suddenly sleep while I am using it and then enters the same sleep loop. The only way to resume working on the computer is to wait. Doing a hard restart just puts it right back into the 'sleep loop.' Here is an excerpt from kernel.log showing the laptops apparent narcolepsy: Jun 5 22:20:40 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: Wake reason: OHC1 Jun 5 22:20:40 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: Previous Sleep Cause: 5 Jun 5 22:20:40 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: The USB device Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad (Port 6 of Hub at 0x4000000) may have caused a wake by issuing a remote wakeup (2) Jun 5 22:20:40 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: HID tickle 31 ms Jun 5 22:20:41 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: 00000000 00000020 NVEthernet::setLinkStatus - not Active Jun 5 22:20:45 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: MacAuthEvent en1 Auth result for: 20:4e:7f:48:c0:ef MAC AUTH succeeded Jun 5 22:20:45 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: wlEvent: en1 en1 Link UP Jun 5 22:20:45 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: AirPort: Link Up on en1 Jun 5 22:20:45 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: en1: BSSID changed to 20:4e:7f:48:c0:ef Jun 5 22:20:46 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: AirPort: RSN handshake complete on en1 Jun 5 22:20:48 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: 00000000 00000020 NVEthernet::setLinkStatus - not Active Jun 5 22:20:54 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: Jun 5 22:20:55 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: Wake reason: OHC1 Jun 5 22:20:55 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: Previous Sleep Cause: 5 Jun 5 22:20:55 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: The USB device Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad (Port 6 of Hub at 0x4000000) may have caused a wake by issuing a remote wakeup (2) Jun 5 22:20:55 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: wlEvent: en1 en1 Link DOWN Jun 5 22:20:55 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: AirPort: Link Down on en1. Reason 4 (Disassociated due to inactivity). Jun 5 22:20:55 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: HID tickle 26 ms Jun 5 22:20:55 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: 00000000 00000020 NVEthernet::setLinkStatus - not Active Jun 5 22:20:58 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: MacAuthEvent en1 Auth result for: 20:4e:7f:48:c0:ef MAC AUTH succeeded Jun 5 22:20:58 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: wlEvent: en1 en1 Link UP Jun 5 22:20:58 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: AirPort: Link Up on en1 Jun 5 22:20:58 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: en1: BSSID changed to 20:4e:7f:48:c0:ef Jun 5 22:20:58 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: AirPort: RSN handshake complete on en1 Jun 5 22:21:02 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: 00000000 00000020 NVEthernet::setLinkStatus - not Active Jun 5 22:21:08 james-hales-macbook-pro kernel[0]: I have tried reseting the SMC and reinstalling Lion (short of erasing and installing) to no avail. The Genius bar has insisted that the problem would be resolved by reinstalling Lion (which they did, but didn't fix anything, still insisting...). Please don't say "logic board." Thoughts?

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• Looking for definitive answer to accessing a network drive/NAS/SMB drive via Windows 7 HOME and Windows 7 Professional. Is it possible and how?

  - by Rob

  I want to be able to access my Lacie 2Big network drive in Windows 7 Explorer. I have a machine with Windows 7 Home and one with Windows 7 Professional. Neither Windows 7, home or pro, can access the drive. The Windows 7 Home machine displays the drive in its Explorer, with the capacity, but on clicking the icon, I get another window, blank with the busy pointer which does not eventually stop. The drive is working perfectly. How do I know this? Because I can access it with no problems on my Apple Mac, Windows XP home and Ubuntu machines on the same network as the Windows 7 machines. Except for the Windows XP home machine that required Lacie ethernet agent program, the Mac and the Ubuntu machines needed no setup, the drive appeared like any other drive. So my 2 questions: Is it possible to access a network share drive, e.g. a NAS like Lacie 2big in Windows 7 Home Premium and Windows 7 Professional. If so how? I read on Microsoft's own forums and elsewhere that network sharing drives, e.g. via SambaSMB is NOT possible on Windows 7 Home. Is this true? http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/w7itprovirt/thread/e08c3500-a722-4b44-b644-64f94f63c8e5/ This question is a more comprehensive re-write of my earlier question: Windows 7 / TCP/IP network share guide - looking for to resolve failure to mount lacie network drive but works on XP,Linux,Mac. ...where I haven't received a solving answer, and I have tried to find a solution myself. Lacie themselves haven't offered a definitive solving answer either, but I suspect it's not just their drives but SMB/network share/NAS in general... This is utterly pathetic that Windows 7 home cannot access something as simple as a network drive, especially given that Windows XP home can. My research so far: Apparently it is possible on Windows 7 Professional, via the Local Security Policy, only on Windows 7 Professional, not Windows 7 Home: http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/7357-local-security-policy-editor-open.html http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_7-security/accessing-local-security-policy-in-windows-7-home/0c8300d0-1d23-4de0-9b37-935c01a7d17a http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/w7itprosecurity/thread/14fc5037-3386-4973-b5d8-2167272ff5ad/ http://www.tomshardware.com/forum/75-63-windows-samba-issue Another solution offered is editing the registry, doesn't look promising to me, fiddly and not guaranteed, hard to produce a complete solution I think, given that everyone's registry can vary. Registry key edit solutons: https://www.lacie.com/uk/mystuff/ticket/ticket.htm?tid=101278940 http://networksecurity.farzadbanifatemi.com/security-policy/how-to-access-local-security-policy-windows-7-home-premium Related: Does Windows 7 Home Premium support backing up to a network share Network Copy to Windows 7 File Share Fails and Kills Network Connection

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• Prevent Windows 7 User Accounts from accessing files in other User Accounts

  - by Mantis

  I'm trying to set up another User Account on my Windows 7 Professional laptop for use by another person. I do not want that person to have access to any of the files in my User Account on the same machine. This machine has a single hard disk formatted with NTFS. User accounts data is stored in the default location, C:\Users. I use the computer with a Standard Account (not an Administrator). Let's call my user account "User A." I have given the new user a Standard Account. Let's call the new user's account "User B." To be clear, I want User B to have the ability to log in to her account, to use the computer, but to be unable to access any of the files in the User A account on the same machine. Currently, User B cannot use Windows Explorer to navigate to the location C:\Users\User A. However, by simply using Windows Search, User B can easily find and open documents saved in C:\Users\User A\Documents. After opening a document, that document's full path appears in "Recent Places" in Windows Explorer, and the document appears as a file that can be opened using the "Recent" feature in Word 2010. This is not the desired behavior. User B should not have the ability to see any documents using Windows Search or anything else. I have attempted to set permissions using the following procedure. Using an Administrator account, navigate to C:\Users and right-click on the "User A" folder. Select "Properties." In the "User A Properties" window that appears, click the "Security" tab. Click the "Edit..." button to change permissions. IN the "Permissions for User B" window that appears, under "Group or User Names," select User B. Under "Permissions for User B", check the box under the "Deny" column for the "Full Control" row. Ensure that the "Deny" box is automatically checked for all the other rows, and then click "OK." The system should then begin working. The process could take several minutes. When I followed this procedure, I received several "Access Denied" errors, suggesting that the system was unable to set the permissions as I had directed. I think this might be one of the reasons why User B is still able to access files in User A's account folders. Is there any other way I could accomplish my goal here? Thank you.

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• Random servers in Citrix servers suddenly bluescreens (mostly 0x0000008e and 0x0000007e)

  - by Rasmus Rask

  I'm responsible for a Citrix Presentation Server 4.5 farm. Starting Friday 30. November, my servers started to crash randomly. So far we've experienced 80 crashes, so it's obviously becoming an increasingly big problem for us. I have 12+ years experience with IT, so I know the difference between 0 and 1, but I have a hard time cracking this. We've rolled back any recent changes I can think of for different groups of servers, but all groups still seem to crash. I don't have the skills to interpret the memory dumps to find the culprit. Has anyone encountered the same or a similar problem? - might be a generic Windows issue Other than executing "analyze -v" in WinDbg, how do I work my way through the memory dumps to see what actually triggered the BSOD? Any suggested steps in getting to the bottom of this? Any help is greatly appreciated. I can also provide links to kernel memory dumps or WinDbg output if necessary. Thanks! Problem description The majority of the STOP errors we encounter are: 0x0000008e KERNEL_MODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED (50%) 0x0000007e SYSTEM_THREAD_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED (26%) 0x00000050 PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA (21%) We also see a few 0x0000000a IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL (3%). For both 0x0000008e and 0x0000007e bug checks, the exception code is 0xc0000005 (Access Violation). When opening dump files in WinDbg, most details are exactly the same, for all the 0x0000008e and 0x0000007e bug checks respectively: 0x0000008e Exception address: 0x808bc9e3 Trap frame: [varies] FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: 0x8E_nt!HvpGetCellMapped+97 Probably Caused by (IMAGE_NAME): ntkrpamp.exe 0x0000007e Exception address: 0x808369b6 Exception record address: 0xf70d3be0 Context record address: 0xf70d38dc FAILURE_BUCKET_ID: 0x7E_nt!MmPurgeSection+14 Probably Caused by: memory_corruption About 30% of the crashes happens between 17:00 and 19:00, which leads me to believe this tend to happen more often during logoffs. But then again, only ~15% occurs between 15:00 and 17:00. Summary of farm Citrix Presentation Server 4.5 R06 on Windows Server 2003 R2 SP2 All high priority patches, at least as of October installed Virtualized using VMWare ESX/vSphere 4.1 on HP Proliant BL460c G6 blade servers About 53 Presentation Servers in production, divided into three silos - only one of which, the largest, is affected 2 vCPU's (5 GHz reserved), 8 GB RAM (all reserved) for each Presentation Server Plenty of free disk space Very few printer drivers - automated deletion of non-approved drivers every night ~1.000 peak concurrent users, which is reached at around 10:30 (on weekdays) Number of sessions steadily decline between 15:00 and 19:00 to ~230

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• mount_afp on linux, user rights

  - by Antonio Sesto

  I need to mount a remote filesystem on a linux box using the afp protocol. The linux box runs an old Debian 4. I downloaded the source code of mount_afp, compiled it and installed it with all the required packages. Then created /etc/fuse with the following command: mknod /dev/fuse c 10 229 (according to the instructions here) I can mount the remote filesystem as root by executing: mount_afp afp://USER:PASSWD@REMOTE_SERVER/FOLDER /mnt/MOUNTPOINT/ but the same command fails when run as normal user (of the local machine). After reading here and there, I created a group fuse, and added my normal user U to the group fuse: [prompt] groups U U fuse Then modified the group of /dev/fuse, that now has the following rights: 0 crwxrwx--- 1 root fuse 10, 229 Feb 8 15:33 /dev/fuse However, if the user U tries to mount the remote filesystem by using the same command as above, U gets the following error: Incorrect permissions on /dev/fuse, mode of device is 20770, uid/gid is 0/1007. But your effective uid/gid is 1004/1004 But the user U with uid 1004 has also gid 1007 (group fuse). I might think the problem is related to real/effective/etc. ID, but I do not know how to proceed and could not find any clear instructions. Could you please help me? There is also another problem. If I mount /mnt/MOUNTPOINT as root and run ls -l /mnt, I get: drwxrwxrwx 15 root root 466 Feb 8 16:34 MONTPOINT If I run ls -l /mnt as normal user U I get: ? ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? MOUNTPOINT in fact when I try to cd /mnt/MOUNTPOINT I get: $-> cd /mnt/MOUNTPOINT -sh: cd: /mnt/MOUNTPOINT: Not a directory Then I unmount /mnt/MOUNTPOINT as root and run again ls -l /mnt as normal user U I get: 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Feb 8 15:32 MOUNTPOINT/ After reading Frank's answer, I killed every shell/process running with privileges of user U. Still U cannot mount the remote filesystem, but the error message has changed. Now it is: "Login error: Authentication failed". The problem is not related to remote login/password since the same command works perfectly when run as root of the local machine. Since I cannot get mount_afp to work with normal users, I decided to follow mgorven's suggestion. So I run the commands: mount_afp -o allow_other afp://USER:PASSWD@REMOTE_SERVER/FOLDER /mnt/MOUNTPOINT/ and mount_afp -o user=U afp://USER:PASSWD@REMOTE_SERVER/FOLDER /mnt/MOUNTPOINT/ The mount succeeds but user U cannot access the mount point. If U executes ls -l in /mnt U@LOCAL_HOST [/mnt] $-> ls -l ls: cannot access MOUNT_POINT: Permission denied total 0 ? ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? MOUNT_POINT Is it so hard to have this utility working?

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• Will this RAID5 setup work (3TB Seagate Barracudas + Adaptec RAID 6405)?

  - by Slayer537

  As the title states, will this RAID combo work, and if not what needs to be changed? Overall opinions would be most helpful. I currently run a small file server of about 5TB or so. I keep outgrowing my needs and need to build a RAID setup that will allow me to expand as needed. I am new to RAID setups, especially one of the scale I have currently planned out, but I have being doing some research for the past couple of weeks and have come up with a build. Ideally, I'd have the setup completely built, but I'd like to keep the total cost around $1k and can't afford to go above $1.5k, so unfortunately that's not an option. 2 of my current drives are WD Caviar Blacks 2TB; however, I have recently learned that due to the lack of TLER those drives are awful for any RAID setup other than 0 or 1. That being said, my third drive is a Seagate Barracuda 3TB (ST300DM001) and I have found a RAID controller that states it supports it, so I'd like to use this same type of drive, if possible. Have any of you had any experience using this drive or a similar one in a RAID5 configuration? The manufacturer states that it supports it, but knowing that it is not an enterprise drive, I am slightly concerned that it could drop out of the array. I would just go with enterprise drives, but those are about double in cost... Parts list: Storage rack: http://www.ebay.com/itm/SGI-3U-Media-Storage-Server-16-Hard-Drive-Bay-SATA-SAS-Expander-Omnistor-SE3016-/140735776937?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item20c48188a9 3 more HDs (for now..): http://www.amazon.com/Seagate-Barracuda-3-5-Inch-Internal-ST3000DM001/dp/B005T3GRLY/ref=dp_return_2?ie=UTF8&n=172282&s=electronics Adaptec RAID 6405: http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16816103224 here's a link to the compatibility sheet if that helps: http://download.adaptec.com/pdfs/compatibility_report/arc-sas_cr_03-27-12_series6.pdf SAS expander cable: http://www.pc-pitstop.com/sas_cables_adapters/8887-2M.asp My plan is to install the RAID card in my computer and then route the SAS cable to the rack. Setup a RAID5 on 3 drives, transfer my data over from my other drive, and then add that drive to the array. Eventually, I'd like to get a 2U unit and run the file server on that and move the RAID card over to there, but that will have to happen later on. Side note: The computer the card would be going into will be running Windows 7 Pro with 24GB of DDR3-1600 and an i7-930.

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• Installing drivers for switchable graphics

  - by Anonymous

  I recently bought a laptop that came with Windows 7 64-bit installed. I have some older (16-bit and 32-bit) software that doesn't work with 64-bit Windows, but works just fine with 32-bit. Since I also wanted to get rid of all of the pre-installed spam, I decided to wipe the hard drive and install a fresh copy of Windows 7 32-bit. I can't get the graphics cards working. This laptop uses switchable graphics, an Intel card and a Radeon card. I first tried installing this driver from Intel, which works for the Intel card. Of course, the Radeon card doesn't work with this driver and I need it for some of the newer games I have. I also tried this driver. Windows's device manager will recognize the Radeon card, but it will still use the Intel card. Also, even though that package says it contains the Intel driver, the Intel card still isn't properly recognized by Windows (leaving me with a nasty 800x600 resolution). On top of that, the Catalyst Control Center won't open (saying "The Catalyst Control Center is not supported by the driver version of your enabled graphics adapter") I tried installing HP's driver then installing Intel's driver on top of it. Device manager will then recognize both graphics cards properly. However, the laptop still uses the Intel card. The CCC still won't start (saying the same thing as before) and I can't find any of 'switching' graphics cards. Before formatting, I could right-click the desktop and click "Configure Switchable Graphics" This option hasn't been in the context menu regardless of what driver(s) I've installed. After some research, I found out that this menu entry runs the command "cli.exe Start PowerXpressHybrid" I've tried manually running this command, but I get the same unsupported message from CCC. So, does anyone know how I can get this working? I would like to be able to switch between the Intel and Radeon. But, if there's some way to disable the Intel and use only the Radeon, that would be fine I dual-boot with Linux (framebuffer uses the Intel, haven't even tried getting X set up yet) Here's the output of lspci # lspci -v | grep VGA 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc NI Seymour [AMD Radeon HD 6470M] (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) The laptop is a HP Pavilion g6t-1d00. HP doesn't support installing anything but Windows 7 64-bit, so calling tech support isn't an option. Thanks for any help UPDATE: I finally got it working. After a fresh install of Windows 7, I installed the HP driver (the one linked above). Then, there's an optional Windows update I installed (don't remember the exact name, but it'll stick out). After that, graphics switching works just like it's supposed to. Moab, thanks anyways for your help

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