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• Capturing Data Usage

  - by Chris

  What classes are available in the blackberry API that can be used to capture information on the data usage on the device?

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• Event on SQL Server 2008 Disk IO and the new Complex Event Processing (StreamInsight) feature in R2

  - by tonyrogerson

  Allan Mitchell and myself are doing a double act, Allan is becoming one of the leading guys in the UK on StreamInsight and will give an introduction to this new exciting technology; on top of that I'll being talking about SQL Server Disk IO - well, "Disk" might not be relevant anymore because I'll be talking about SSD and IOFusion - basically I'll be talking about the underpinnings - making sure you understand and get it right, how to monitor etc... If you've any specific problems or questions just ping me an email [email protected]. To register for the event see: http://sqlserverfaq.com/events/217/SQL-Server-and-Disk-IO-File-GroupsFiles-SSDs-FusionIO-InRAM-DBs-Fragmentation-Tony-Rogerson-Complex-Event-Processing-Allan-Mitchell.aspx 18:15 SQL Server and Disk IOTony Rogerson, SQL Server MVPTony's Blog; Tony on TwitterIn this session Tony will talk about RAID levels, how SQL server writes to and reads from disk, the effect SSD has and will talk about other options for throughput enhancement like Fusion IO. He will look at the effect fragmentation has and how to minimise the impact, he will look at the File structure of a database and talk about what benefits multiple files and file groups bring. We will also touch on Database Mirroring and the effect that has on throughput, how to get a feeling for the throughput you should expect.19:15 Break19:45 Complex Event Processing (CEP)Allan Mitchell, SQL Server MVPhttp://sqlis.com/sqlisStreamInsight is Microsoft’s first foray into the world of Complex Event Processing (CEP) and Event Stream Processing (ESP).  In this session I want to show an introduction to this technology.  I will show how and why it is useful.  I will get us used to some new terminology but best of all I will show just how easy it is to start building your first CEP/ESP application.

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• No Rush, Defragging that Drive can Wait [Humorous Image]

  - by Asian Angel

  That drive is only fragmented a little bit…nothing to worry about there. View a Larger Version of the Image You should defragment this volume. Ya think?! [via Fail Desk] What’s the Difference Between Sleep and Hibernate in Windows? Screenshot Tour: XBMC 11 Eden Rocks Improved iOS Support, AirPlay, and Even a Custom XBMC OS How To Be Your Own Personal Clone Army (With a Little Photoshop)

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• NFS server generating "invalid extent" on EXT4 system disk?

  - by Stephen Winnall

  I have a server running Xen 4.1 with Oneiric in the dom0 and each of the 4 domUs. The system disks of the domUs are LVM2 volumes built on top of an mdadm RAID1. All the domU system disks are EXT4 and are created using snapshots of the same original template. 3 of them run perfectly, but one (called s-ub-02) keeps on being remounted read-only. A subsequent e2fsck results in a single "invalid extent" diagnosis: e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) /dev/domu/s-ub-02-root contains a file system with errors, check forced. Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Inode 525418 has an invalid extent (logical block 8959, invalid physical block 0, len 0) Clear<y>? yes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/domu/s-ub-02-root: 77757/655360 files (0.3% non-contiguous), 360592/2621440 blocks The console shows typically the following errors for the system disk (xvda2): [101980.903416] EXT4-fs error (device xvda2): ext4_ext_find_extent:732: inode #525418: comm apt-get: bad header/extent: invalid extent entries - magic f30a, entries 12, max 340(340), depth 0(0) [101980.903473] EXT4-fs (xvda2): Remounting filesystem read-only I have created new versions of the system disk. The same thing always happens. This, and the fact that the disk is ultimately on a RAID1, leads me to preclude a hardware disk error. The only obvious distinguishing feature of this domU is the presence of nfs-kernel-server, so I suspect that. Its exports file looks like this: /exports/users 192.168.0.0/255.255.248.0(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) /exports/media/music 192.168.0.0/255.255.248.0(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) /exports/media/pictures 192.168.0.0/255.255.248.0(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) /exports/opt 192.168.0.0/255.255.248.0(rw,sync,no_subtree_check) /exports/users and /exports/opt are LVM2 volumes from the same volume group as the system disk. /exports/media is an EXT2 volume. (There is an issue where clients see /exports/media/pictures as being a read-only volume, which I mention for completeness.) With the exception of the read-only problem, the NFS server appears to work correctly under light load for several hours before the "invalid extent" problem occurs. There are no helpful entries in /var/log. All of a sudden, no more files are written, so you can see when the disk was remounted read-only, but there is no indication of what the cause might be. Can anyone help me with this problem? Steve

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• How do you force Ubuntu to unmount a disk when you press the eject button on an optical drive?

  - by Michael Curran

  When upgrading my hardware, I also upgraded to Ubuntu 10.10. On my previous system (with 10.04 and earlier) when I ejected a disk from the optical drive, the subfolder in the /media directory was automatically removed. In my new 10.10 system, if I don't eject the disk using the "eject" command within the system, the disk remains mounted, even after a new disk is installed. The new drive is a Blu Ray drive, but I haven't noticed any other problems from it. Normally, this isn't a problem, but it makes installing applications that are spread over multiple CDs more difficult in many cases (i.e. Wine). Any advice?

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• How can I make an unmounted / unmountable NTFS disk not show up in the nautilus devices area?

  - by Dennis

  I have an idea that my /etc/fstab is a real mish-mash and I don't remember how it got that way, first of all it looks like this UUID=9EB80807B807DD21 /media/Storage ntfs-3g users 0 0 UUID=a60397fd-964a-45b1-ad35-53c8a4bee010 / ext4 defaults 0 1 UUID=1764825d-b8ba-4620-b3b0-e979b6f4f5c4 swap swap sw 0 0 UUID=255DA1E406E29DBC /media/sda2 ntfs-3g defaults 0 0 UUID=2CCCF161CCF1262C /mnt/sda1 ntfs-3g umask=000 0 0 /dev/fd0 /media/floppy0 vfat noauto 0 0 I started with an old XP install on disk /dev/sda that I don't use anymore but didn't want to delete, so I shrunk the XP partition, added a NTFS partition that would be common to both systems (Labeled it "Common" in XP), then installed Lucid on an extended ext4 partition. On this disk of course the ext4 system partition comes up as /, the go between partition auto-mounts on /media/sda1 but shows up in Nautilus as COMMOM, while the XP system disk does not show up in Nautilus, but I can get to it by navigating to /mnt/sda1. A second hard drive (/dev/sdb) that I stuck in was already formatted NTFS with a bunch of stuff and labeled "Storage". It auto-mounts to /media/Storage but another un-mounted disk also shows up in the Nautilus device area called Storage but it can't be mounted (Here and in the "Places" are the only times it appears) I would primarily like this non-existant (or already mounted depending on how you look at it) disk to not show up, but I wouldn't mind an explanation of why one labeled partition auto-mounts to a /media mount point but shows up by label, one does not show up as mounted at all but mounts to a /mnt mount point and is there for navigation, and one is mounted to a directory of the same name as the label. I would love to have some consistancy / direction on what is proper in this circumstance. No doubt I caused this with the fstab but I really don't remember what my rational was if I edited it manually

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• How do you forcibly unmount a disk when you press the eject button on an optical drive?

  - by Michael Curran

  When upgrading my hardware, I also upgraded to Ubuntu 10.10. On my previous system (with 10.04 and earlier) when I ejected a disk from the optical drive, the subfolder in the /media directory was automatically removed. In my new 10.10 system, if I don't eject the disk using the "eject" command within the system, the disk remains mounted, even after a new disk is installed. The new drive is a Blu Ray drive, but I haven't noticed any other problems from it. Normally, this isn't a problem, but it makes installing applications that are spread over multiple CDs more difficult in many cases (i.e. Wine). Any advice?

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• "A hard disk may be failing" , but no additional info via gdu-notification-deamon (suggestions?)

  - by blunders

  Got this message after logging in: A hard disk may be failing One or more hard disk report health problems. Click the icon to get more information. On WUBI and 10.04, there was no icon to click, and clicking on made the message go away. After rebooting, the message did not display again. I've got everything on all my hard drives in duplicate, so not super worried about a disk failure, though I am wondering why the message had no info on which disk it thought had problems. Suggestions?

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• New HDD formating on Ext4 root permission

  - by Carlos Salmeron

  OK people good evening, I have this new 80Gb HDD I want to use it as a backup storage for my actual system (14.04) not a server. I formatted it with Gpart but I just can't write in it, when I search for permissions it tells me that only root users can write/create in it, log on as root user and try to change permissions, and I can't do that either. Long have I searched for an answer, looking everywhere but not to find any, is there a way to format it and use it with my user permission? Don't want it on NTFS, is there a way?, I have searched in these forums but there’s only an answer to format it in NTFS, so please. Thank you in advance.

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• Wubi install: How do I increase swap size

  - by Diogenes Lantern

  I am trying to increase the swapfile size on my WUBI install. I followed the answer here: sudo su swapoff -a cd /host/ubuntu/disks/ mv swap.disk swap.disk.bak dd if=/dev/zero of=swap.disk bs=1024 count=2097152 mkswap swap.disk swapon -a free -m until I reached: mv swap.disk swap.disk.bak At which point I have got got the following: root@ubuntu:/host/ubuntu/disks# mv swap.disk swap.disk.bak mv: cannot move `swap.disk' to `swap.disk.bak': Operation not permitted My 256 M swap space is all used up. I would like to install a total of twice that. Is there a method of setting it which would not include guesswork on my part?

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• Internal HDs that don't contain the OS aren't accessable unless I try to manually browse them

  - by Hrafn

  So I have 4 internal hard drives, one that contains the OS (Ubuntu 12.04), all ext4. After starting the computer up, and without having tried to access the drives (File manager, terminal etc) it seems like the drives haven't been mounted. If I go into the "Disks" utility I see that the disks haven't been mounted. Programs that try to access the HD's during startup throw an error. For example my music player can't find the library, my note taking software can't find the database etc. But after opening the drive in a file manager everything works. I've checked SMART on all the disks and everything is a ok. Any and all ideas would be appreciated.

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• Is there a Telecommunications Reference Architecture?

  - by raul.goycoolea

  @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Abstract   Reference architecture provides needed architectural information that can be provided in advance to an enterprise to enable consistent architectural best practices. Enterprise Reference Architecture helps business owners to actualize their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. It evaluates the IT systems, based on Reference Architecture goals, principles, and standards. It helps to reduce IT costs by increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc. Telecom Reference Architecture provides customers with the flexibility to view bundled service bills online with the provision of multiple services. It provides real-time, flexible billing and charging systems, to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Enterprises. It lays the foundation for a Telecom Reference Architecture by articulating the requirements, drivers, and pitfalls for telecom service providers. It describes generic reference architecture for telecom enterprises and moves on to explain how to achieve Enterprise Reference Architecture by using SOA.   Introduction   A Reference Architecture provides a methodology, set of practices, template, and standards based on a set of successful solutions implemented earlier. These solutions have been generalized and structured for the depiction of both a logical and a physical architecture, based on the harvesting of a set of patterns that describe observations in a number of successful implementations. It helps as a reference for the various architectures that an enterprise can implement to solve various problems. It can be used as the starting point or the point of comparisons for various departments/business entities of a company, or for the various companies for an enterprise. It provides multiple views for multiple stakeholders.   Major artifacts of the Enterprise Reference Architecture are methodologies, standards, metadata, documents, design patterns, etc.   Purpose of Reference Architecture   In most cases, architects spend a lot of time researching, investigating, defining, and re-arguing architectural decisions. It is like reinventing the wheel as their peers in other organizations or even the same organization have already spent a lot of time and effort defining their own architectural practices. This prevents an organization from learning from its own experiences and applying that knowledge for increased effectiveness.   Reference architecture provides missing architectural information that can be provided in advance to project team members to enable consistent architectural best practices.   Enterprise Reference Architecture helps an enterprise to achieve the following at the abstract level:   ·       Reference architecture is more of a communication channel to an enterprise ·       Helps the business owners to accommodate to their strategies, vision, objectives, and principles. ·       Evaluates the IT systems based on Reference Architecture Principles ·       Reduces IT spending through increasing functionality, availability, scalability, etc ·       A Real-time Integration Model helps to reduce the latency of the data updates Is used to define a single source of Information ·       Provides a clear view on how to manage information and security ·       Defines the policy around the data ownership, product boundaries, etc. ·       Helps with cost optimization across project and solution portfolios by eliminating unused or duplicate investments and assets ·       Has a shorter implementation time and cost   Once the reference architecture is in place, the set of architectural principles, standards, reference models, and best practices ensure that the aligned investments have the greatest possible likelihood of success in both the near term and the long term (TCO).     Common pitfalls for Telecom Service Providers   Telecom Reference Architecture serves as the first step towards maturity for a telecom service provider. During the course of our assignments/experiences with telecom players, we have come across the following observations – Some of these indicate a lack of maturity of the telecom service provider:   ·       In markets that are growing and not so mature, it has been observed that telcos have a significant amount of in-house or home-grown applications. In some of these markets, the growth has been so rapid that IT has been unable to cope with business demands. Telcos have shown a tendency to come up with workarounds in their IT applications so as to meet business needs. ·       Even for core functions like provisioning or mediation, some telcos have tried to manage with home-grown applications. ·       Most of the applications do not have the required scalability or maintainability to sustain growth in volumes or functionality. ·       Applications face interoperability issues with other applications in the operator's landscape. Integrating a new application or network element requires considerable effort on the part of the other applications. ·       Application boundaries are not clear, and functionality that is not in the initial scope of that application gets pushed onto it. This results in the development of the multiple, small applications without proper boundaries. ·       Usage of Legacy OSS/BSS systems, poor Integration across Multiple COTS Products and Internal Systems. Most of the Integrations are developed on ad-hoc basis and Point-to-Point Integration. ·       Redundancy of the business functions in different applications • Fragmented data across the different applications and no integrated view of the strategic data • Lot of performance Issues due to the usage of the complex integration across OSS and BSS systems   However, this is where the maturity of the telecom industry as a whole can be of help. The collaborative efforts of telcos to overcome some of these problems have resulted in bodies like the TM Forum. They have come up with frameworks for business processes, data, applications, and technology for telecom service providers. These could be a good starting point for telcos to clean up their enterprise landscape.   Industry Trends in Telecom Reference Architecture   Telecom reference architectures are evolving rapidly because telcos are facing business and IT challenges.   “The reality is that there probably is no killer application, no silver bullet that the telcos can latch onto to carry them into a 21st Century.... Instead, there are probably hundreds – perhaps thousands – of niche applications.... And the only way to find which of these works for you is to try out lots of them, ramp up the ones that work, and discontinue the ones that fail.” – Martin Creaner President & CTO TM Forum.   The following trends have been observed in telecom reference architecture:   ·       Transformation of business structures to align with customer requirements ·       Adoption of more Internet-like technical architectures. The Web 2.0 concept is increasingly being used. ·       Virtualization of the traditional operations support system (OSS) ·       Adoption of SOA to support development of IP-based services ·       Adoption of frameworks like Service Delivery Platforms (SDPs) and IP Multimedia Subsystem ·       (IMS) to enable seamless deployment of various services over fixed and mobile networks ·       Replacement of in-house, customized, and stove-piped OSS/BSS with standards-based COTS products ·       Compliance with industry standards and frameworks like eTOM, SID, and TAM to enable seamless integration with other standards-based products   Drivers of Reference Architecture   The drivers of the Reference Architecture are Reference Architecture Goals, Principles, and Enterprise Vision and Telecom Transformation. The details are depicted below diagram. @font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; } Figure 1. Drivers for Reference Architecture @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Today’s telecom reference architectures should seamlessly integrate traditional legacy-based applications and transition to next-generation network technologies (e.g., IP multimedia subsystems). This has resulted in new requirements for flexible, real-time billing and OSS/BSS systems and implications on the service provider’s organizational requirements and structure.   Telecom reference architectures are today expected to:   ·       Integrate voice, messaging, email and other VAS over fixed and mobile networks, back end systems ·       Be able to provision multiple services and service bundles • Deliver converged voice, video and data services ·       Leverage the existing Network Infrastructure ·       Provide real-time, flexible billing and charging systems to handle complex promotions, discounts, and settlements with multiple parties. ·       Support charging of advanced data services such as VoIP, On-Demand, Services (e.g.  Video), IMS/SIP Services, Mobile Money, Content Services and IPTV. ·       Help in faster deployment of new services • Serve as an effective platform for collaboration between network IT and business organizations ·       Harness the potential of converging technology, networks, devices and content to develop multimedia services and solutions of ever-increasing sophistication on a single Internet Protocol (IP) ·       Ensure better service delivery and zero revenue leakage through real-time balance and credit management ·       Lower operating costs to drive profitability   Enterprise Reference Architecture   The Enterprise Reference Architecture (RA) fills the gap between the concepts and vocabulary defined by the reference model and the implementation. Reference architecture provides detailed architectural information in a common format such that solutions can be repeatedly designed and deployed in a consistent, high-quality, supportable fashion. This paper attempts to describe the Reference Architecture for the Telecom Application Usage and how to achieve the Enterprise Level Reference Architecture using SOA.   • Telecom Reference Architecture • Enterprise SOA based Reference Architecture   Telecom Reference Architecture   Tele Management Forum’s New Generation Operations Systems and Software (NGOSS) is an architectural framework for organizing, integrating, and implementing telecom systems. NGOSS is a component-based framework consisting of the following elements:   ·       The enhanced Telecom Operations Map (eTOM) is a business process framework. ·       The Shared Information Data (SID) model provides a comprehensive information framework that may be specialized for the needs of a particular organization. ·       The Telecom Application Map (TAM) is an application framework to depict the functional footprint of applications, relative to the horizontal processes within eTOM. ·       The Technology Neutral Architecture (TNA) is an integrated framework. TNA is an architecture that is sustainable through technology changes.   NGOSS Architecture Standards are:   ·       Centralized data ·       Loosely coupled distributed systems ·       Application components/re-use  ·       A technology-neutral system framework with technology specific implementations ·       Interoperability to service provider data/processes ·       Allows more re-use of business components across multiple business scenarios ·       Workflow automation   The traditional operator systems architecture consists of four layers,   ·       Business Support System (BSS) layer, with focus toward customers and business partners. Manages order, subscriber, pricing, rating, and billing information. ·       Operations Support System (OSS) layer, built around product, service, and resource inventories. ·       Networks layer – consists of Network elements and 3rd Party Systems. ·       Integration Layer – to maximize application communication and overall solution flexibility.   Reference architecture for telecom enterprises is depicted below. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 2. Telecom Reference Architecture   The major building blocks of any Telecom Service Provider architecture are as follows:   1. Customer Relationship Management   CRM encompasses the end-to-end lifecycle of the customer: customer initiation/acquisition, sales, ordering, and service activation, customer care and support, proactive campaigns, cross sell/up sell, and retention/loyalty.   CRM also includes the collection of customer information and its application to personalize, customize, and integrate delivery of service to a customer, as well as to identify opportunities for increasing the value of the customer to the enterprise.   The key functionalities related to Customer Relationship Management are   ·       Manage the end-to-end lifecycle of a customer request for products. ·       Create and manage customer profiles. ·       Manage all interactions with customers – inquiries, requests, and responses. ·       Provide updates to Billing and other south bound systems on customer/account related updates such as customer/ account creation, deletion, modification, request bills, final bill, duplicate bills, credit limits through Middleware. ·       Work with Order Management System, Product, and Service Management components within CRM. ·       Manage customer preferences – Involve all the touch points and channels to the customer, including contact center, retail stores, dealers, self service, and field service, as well as via any media (phone, face to face, web, mobile device, chat, email, SMS, mail, the customer's bill, etc.). ·       Support single interface for customer contact details, preferences, account details, offers, customer premise equipment, bill details, bill cycle details, and customer interactions.   CRM applications interact with customers through customer touch points like portals, point-of-sale terminals, interactive voice response systems, etc. The requests by customers are sent via fulfillment/provisioning to billing system for ordering processing.   2. Billing and Revenue Management   Billing and Revenue Management handles the collection of appropriate usage records and production of timely and accurate bills – for providing pre-bill usage information and billing to customers; for processing their payments; and for performing payment collections. In addition, it handles customer inquiries about bills, provides billing inquiry status, and is responsible for resolving billing problems to the customer's satisfaction in a timely manner. This process grouping also supports prepayment for services.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       To ensure that enterprise revenue is billed and invoices delivered appropriately to customers. ·       To manage customers’ billing accounts, process their payments, perform payment collections, and monitor the status of the account balance. ·       To ensure the timely and effective fulfillment of all customer bill inquiries and complaints. ·       Collect the usage records from mediation and ensure appropriate rating and discounting of all usage and pricing. ·       Support revenue sharing; split charging where usage is guided to an account different from the service consumer. ·       Support prepaid and post-paid rating. ·       Send notification on approach / exceeding the usage thresholds as enforced by the subscribed offer, and / or as setup by the customer. ·       Support prepaid, post paid, and hybrid (where some services are prepaid and the rest of the services post paid) customers and conversion from post paid to prepaid, and vice versa. ·       Support different billing function requirements like charge prorating, promotion, discount, adjustment, waiver, write-off, account receivable, GL Interface, late payment fee, credit control, dunning, account or service suspension, re-activation, expiry, termination, contract violation penalty, etc. ·       Initiate direct debit to collect payment against an invoice outstanding. ·       Send notification to Middleware on different events; for example, payment receipt, pre-suspension, threshold exceed, etc.   Billing systems typically get usage data from mediation systems for rating and billing. They get provisioning requests from order management systems and inquiries from CRM systems. Convergent and real-time billing systems can directly get usage details from network elements.   3. Mediation   Mediation systems transform/translate the Raw or Native Usage Data Records into a general format that is acceptable to billing for their rating purposes.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Mediation system in the end-to-end solution.   ·       Collect Usage Data Records from different data sources – like network elements, routers, servers – via different protocol and interfaces. ·       Process Usage Data Records – Mediation will process Usage Data Records as per the source format. ·       Validate Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Segregates Usage Data Records coming from each source to multiple, based on the segregation requirement of end Application. ·       Aggregates Usage Data Records based on the aggregation rule if any from different sources. ·       Consolidates multiple Usage Data Records from each source. ·       Delivers formatted Usage Data Records to different end application like Billing, Interconnect, Fraud Management, etc. ·       Generates audit trail for incoming Usage Data Records and keeps track of all the Usage Data Records at various stages of mediation process. ·       Checks duplicate Usage Data Records across files for a given time window.   4. Fulfillment   This area is responsible for providing customers with their requested products in a timely and correct manner. It translates the customer's business or personal need into a solution that can be delivered using the specific products in the enterprise's portfolio. This process informs the customers of the status of their purchase order, and ensures completion on time, as well as ensuring a delighted customer. These processes are responsible for accepting and issuing orders. They deal with pre-order feasibility determination, credit authorization, order issuance, order status and tracking, customer update on customer order activities, and customer notification on order completion. Order management and provisioning applications fall into this category.   The key functionalities provided by these applications are   ·       Issuing new customer orders, modifying open customer orders, or canceling open customer orders; ·       Verifying whether specific non-standard offerings sought by customers are feasible and supportable; ·       Checking the credit worthiness of customers as part of the customer order process; ·       Testing the completed offering to ensure it is working correctly; ·       Updating of the Customer Inventory Database to reflect that the specific product offering has been allocated, modified, or cancelled; ·       Assigning and tracking customer provisioning activities; ·       Managing customer provisioning jeopardy conditions; and ·       Reporting progress on customer orders and other processes to customer.   These applications typically get orders from CRM systems. They interact with network elements and billing systems for fulfillment of orders.   5. Enterprise Management   This process area includes those processes that manage enterprise-wide activities and needs, or have application within the enterprise as a whole. They encompass all business management processes that   ·       Are necessary to support the whole of the enterprise, including processes for financial management, legal management, regulatory management, process, cost, and quality management, etc.;   ·       Are responsible for setting corporate policies, strategies, and directions, and for providing guidelines and targets for the whole of the business, including strategy development and planning for areas, such as Enterprise Architecture, that are integral to the direction and development of the business;   ·       Occur throughout the enterprise, including processes for project management, performance assessments, cost assessments, etc.     (i) Enterprise Risk Management:   Enterprise Risk Management focuses on assuring that risks and threats to the enterprise value and/or reputation are identified, and appropriate controls are in place to minimize or eliminate the identified risks. The identified risks may be physical or logical/virtual. Successful risk management ensures that the enterprise can support its mission critical operations, processes, applications, and communications in the face of serious incidents such as security threats/violations and fraud attempts. Two key areas covered in Risk Management by telecom operators are:   ·       Revenue Assurance: Revenue assurance system will be responsible for identifying revenue loss scenarios across components/systems, and will help in rectifying the problems. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Revenue Assurance system in the end-to-end solution. o   Identify all usage information dropped when networks are being upgraded. o   Interconnect bill verification. o   Identify where services are routinely provisioned but never billed. o   Identify poor sales policies that are intensifying collections problems. o   Find leakage where usage is sent to error bucket and never billed for. o   Find leakage where field service, CRM, and network build-out are not optimized.   ·       Fraud Management: Involves collecting data from different systems to identify abnormalities in traffic patterns, usage patterns, and subscription patterns to report suspicious activity that might suggest fraudulent usage of resources, resulting in revenue losses to the operator.   The key roles and responsibilities of the system component are as follows:   o   Fraud management system will capture and monitor high usage (over a certain threshold) in terms of duration, value, and number of calls for each subscriber. The threshold for each subscriber is decided by the system and fixed automatically. o   Fraud management will be able to detect the unauthorized access to services for certain subscribers. These subscribers may have been provided unauthorized services by employees. The component will raise the alert to the operator the very first time of such illegal calls or calls which are not billed. o   The solution will be to have an alarm management system that will deliver alarms to the operator/provider whenever it detects a fraud, thus minimizing fraud by catching it the first time it occurs. o   The Fraud Management system will be capable of interfacing with switches, mediation systems, and billing systems   (ii) Knowledge Management   This process focuses on knowledge management, technology research within the enterprise, and the evaluation of potential technology acquisitions.   Key responsibilities of knowledge base management are to   ·       Maintain knowledge base – Creation and updating of knowledge base on ongoing basis. ·       Search knowledge base – Search of knowledge base on keywords or category browse ·       Maintain metadata – Management of metadata on knowledge base to ensure effective management and search. ·       Run report generator. ·       Provide content – Add content to the knowledge base, e.g., user guides, operational manual, etc.   (iii) Document Management   It focuses on maintaining a repository of all electronic documents or images of paper documents relevant to the enterprise using a system.   (iv) Data Management   It manages data as a valuable resource for any enterprise. For telecom enterprises, the typical areas covered are Master Data Management, Data Warehousing, and Business Intelligence. It is also responsible for data governance, security, quality, and database management.   Key responsibilities of Data Management are   ·       Using ETL, extract the data from CRM, Billing, web content, ERP, campaign management, financial, network operations, asset management info, customer contact data, customer measures, benchmarks, process data, e.g., process inputs, outputs, and measures, into Enterprise Data Warehouse. ·       Management of data traceability with source, data related business rules/decisions, data quality, data cleansing data reconciliation, competitors data – storage for all the enterprise data (customer profiles, products, offers, revenues, etc.) ·       Get online update through night time replication or physical backup process at regular frequency. ·       Provide the data access to business intelligence and other systems for their analysis, report generation, and use.   (v) Business Intelligence   It uses the Enterprise Data to provide the various analysis and reports that contain prospects and analytics for customer retention, acquisition of new customers due to the offers, and SLAs. It will generate right and optimized plans – bolt-ons for the customers.   The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Business Intelligence system at the Enterprise Level:   ·       It will do Pattern analysis and reports problem. ·       It will do Data Analysis – Statistical analysis, data profiling, affinity analysis of data, customer segment wise usage patterns on offers, products, service and revenue generation against services and customer segments. ·       It will do Performance (business, system, and forecast) analysis, churn propensity, response time, and SLAs analysis. ·       It will support for online and offline analysis, and report drill down capability. ·       It will collect, store, and report various SLA data. ·       It will provide the necessary intelligence for marketing and working on campaigns, etc., with cost benefit analysis and predictions.   It will advise on customer promotions with additional services based on loyalty and credit history of customer   ·       It will Interface with Enterprise Data Management system for data to run reports and analysis tasks. It will interface with the campaign schedules, based on historical success evidence.   (vi) Stakeholder and External Relations Management   It manages the enterprise's relationship with stakeholders and outside entities. Stakeholders include shareholders, employee organizations, etc. Outside entities include regulators, local community, and unions. Some of the processes within this grouping are Shareholder Relations, External Affairs, Labor Relations, and Public Relations.   (vii) Enterprise Resource Planning   It is used to manage internal and external resources, including tangible assets, financial resources, materials, and human resources. Its purpose is to facilitate the flow of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the enterprise and manage the connections to outside stakeholders. ERP systems consolidate all business operations into a uniform and enterprise wide system environment.   The key roles and responsibilities for Enterprise System are given below:   ·        It will handle responsibilities such as core accounting, financial, and management reporting. ·       It will interface with CRM for capturing customer account and details. ·       It will interface with billing to capture the billing revenue and other financial data. ·       It will be responsible for executing the dunning process. Billing will send the required feed to ERP for execution of dunning. ·       It will interface with the CRM and Billing through batch interfaces. Enterprise management systems are like horizontals in the enterprise and typically interact with all major telecom systems. E.g., an ERP system interacts with CRM, Fulfillment, and Billing systems for different kinds of data exchanges.   6. External Interfaces/Touch Points   The typical external parties are customers, suppliers/partners, employees, shareholders, and other stakeholders. External interactions from/to a Service Provider to other parties can be achieved by a variety of mechanisms, including:   ·       Exchange of emails or faxes ·       Call Centers ·       Web Portals ·       Business-to-Business (B2B) automated transactions   These applications provide an Internet technology driven interface to external parties to undertake a variety of business functions directly for themselves. These can provide fully or partially automated service to external parties through various touch points.   Typical characteristics of these touch points are   ·       Pre-integrated self-service system, including stand-alone web framework or integration front end with a portal engine ·       Self services layer exposing atomic web services/APIs for reuse by multiple systems across the architectural environment ·       Portlets driven connectivity exposing data and services interoperability through a portal engine or web application   These touch points mostly interact with the CRM systems for requests, inquiries, and responses.   7. Middleware   The component will be primarily responsible for integrating the different systems components under a common platform. It should provide a Standards-Based Platform for building Service Oriented Architecture and Composite Applications. The following lists the high-level roles and responsibilities executed by the Middleware component in the end-to-end solution.   ·       As an integration framework, covering to and fro interfaces ·       Provide a web service framework with service registry. ·       Support SOA framework with SOA service registry. ·       Each of the interfaces from / to Middleware to other components would handle data transformation, translation, and mapping of data points. ·       Receive data from the caller / activate and/or forward the data to the recipient system in XML format. ·       Use standard XML for data exchange. ·       Provide the response back to the service/call initiator. ·       Provide a tracking until the response completion. ·       Keep a store transitional data against each call/transaction. ·       Interface through Middleware to get any information that is possible and allowed from the existing systems to enterprise systems; e.g., customer profile and customer history, etc. ·       Provide the data in a common unified format to the SOA calls across systems, and follow the Enterprise Architecture directive. ·       Provide an audit trail for all transactions being handled by the component.   8. Network Elements   The term Network Element means a facility or equipment used in the provision of a telecommunications service. Such terms also includes features, functions, and capabilities that are provided by means of such facility or equipment, including subscriber numbers, databases, signaling systems, and information sufficient for billing and collection or used in the transmission, routing, or other provision of a telecommunications service.   Typical network elements in a GSM network are Home Location Register (HLR), Intelligent Network (IN), Mobile Switching Center (MSC), SMS Center (SMSC), and network elements for other value added services like Push-to-talk (PTT), Ring Back Tone (RBT), etc.   Network elements are invoked when subscribers use their telecom devices for any kind of usage. These elements generate usage data and pass it on to downstream systems like mediation and billing system for rating and billing. They also integrate with provisioning systems for order/service fulfillment.   9. 3rd Party Applications   3rd Party systems are applications like content providers, payment gateways, point of sale terminals, and databases/applications maintained by the Government.   Depending on applicability and the type of functionality provided by 3rd party applications, the integration with different telecom systems like CRM, provisioning, and billing will be done.   10. Service Delivery Platform   A service delivery platform (SDP) provides the architecture for the rapid deployment, provisioning, execution, management, and billing of value added telecom services. SDPs are based on the concept of SOA and layered architecture. They support the delivery of voice, data services, and content in network and device-independent fashion. They allow application developers to aggregate network capabilities, services, and sources of content. SDPs typically contain layers for web services exposure, service application development, and network abstraction.   SOA Reference Architecture   SOA concept is based on the principle of developing reusable business service and building applications by composing those services, instead of building monolithic applications in silos. It’s about bridging the gap between business and IT through a set of business-aligned IT services, using a set of design principles, patterns, and techniques.   In an SOA, resources are made available to participants in a value net, enterprise, line of business (typically spanning multiple applications within an enterprise or across multiple enterprises). It consists of a set of business-aligned IT services that collectively fulfill an organization’s business processes and goals. We can choreograph these services into composite applications and invoke them through standard protocols. SOA, apart from agility and reusability, enables:   ·       The business to specify processes as orchestrations of reusable services ·       Technology agnostic business design, with technology hidden behind service interface ·       A contractual-like interaction between business and IT, based on service SLAs ·       Accountability and governance, better aligned to business services ·       Applications interconnections untangling by allowing access only through service interfaces, reducing the daunting side effects of change ·       Reduced pressure to replace legacy and extended lifetime for legacy applications, through encapsulation in services   ·       A Cloud Computing paradigm, using web services technologies, that makes possible service outsourcing on an on-demand, utility-like, pay-per-usage basis   The following section represents the Reference Architecture of logical view for the Telecom Solution. The new custom built application needs to align with this logical architecture in the long run to achieve EA benefits.   Packaged implementation applications, such as ERP billing applications, need to expose their functions as service providers (as other applications consume) and interact with other applications as service consumers.   COT applications need to expose services through wrappers such as adapters to utilize existing resources and at the same time achieve Enterprise Architecture goal and objectives.   The following are the various layers for Enterprise level deployment of SOA. This diagram captures the abstract view of Enterprise SOA layers and important components of each layer. Layered architecture means decomposition of services such that most interactions occur between adjacent layers. However, there is no strict rule that top layers should not directly communicate with bottom layers.   The diagram below represents the important logical pieces that would result from overall SOA transformation. @font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Courier New"; }@font-face { font-family: "Wingdings"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoCaption, li.MsoCaption, div.MsoCaption { margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt; font-size: 9pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(79, 129, 189); font-weight: bold; }p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast { margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }ol { margin-bottom: 0cm; }ul { margin-bottom: 0cm; } Figure 3. Enterprise SOA Reference Architecture 1.          Operational System Layer: This layer consists of all packaged applications like CRM, ERP, custom built applications, COTS based applications like Billing, Revenue Management, Fulfilment, and the Enterprise databases that are essential and contribute directly or indirectly to the Enterprise OSS/BSS Transformation.   ERP holds the data of Asset Lifecycle Management, Supply Chain, and Advanced Procurement and Human Capital Management, etc.   CRM holds the data related to Order, Sales, and Marketing, Customer Care, Partner Relationship Management, Loyalty, etc.   Content Management handles Enterprise Search and Query. Billing application consists of the following components:   ·       Collections Management, Customer Billing Management, Invoices, Real-Time Rating, Discounting, and Applying of Charges ·       Enterprise databases will hold both the application and service data, whether structured or unstructured.   MDM - Master data majorly consists of Customer, Order, Product, and Service Data.     2.          Enterprise Component Layer:   This layer consists of the Application Services and Common Services that are responsible for realizing the functionality and maintaining the QoS of the exposed services. This layer uses container-based technologies such as application servers to implement the components, workload management, high availability, and load balancing.   Application Services: This Service Layer enables application, technology, and database abstraction so that the complex accessing logic is hidden from the other service layers. This is a basic service layer, which exposes application functionalities and data as reusable services. The three types of the Application access services are:   ·       Application Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application level functionalities as a reusable service between BSS to BSS and BSS to OSS integration. This layer is enabled using disparate technology such as Web Service, Integration Servers, and Adaptors, etc.   ·       Data Access Service: This Service Layer exposes application data services as a reusable reference data service. This is done via direct interaction with application data. and provides the federated query.   ·       Network Access Service: This Service Layer exposes provisioning layer as a reusable service from OSS to OSS integration. This integration service emphasizes the need for high performance, stateless process flows, and distributed design.   Common Services encompasses management of structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data such as information services, portal services, interaction services, infrastructure services, and security services, etc.   3.          Integration Layer:   This consists of service infrastructure components like service bus, service gateway for partner integration, service registry, service repository, and BPEL processor. Service bus will carry the service invocation payloads/messages between consumers and providers. The other important functions expected from it are itinerary based routing, distributed caching of routing information, transformations, and all qualities of service for messaging-like reliability, scalability, and availability, etc. Service registry will hold all contracts (wsdl) of services, and it helps developers to locate or discover service during design time or runtime.   • BPEL processor would be useful in orchestrating the services to compose a complex business scenario or process. • Workflow and business rules management are also required to support manual triggering of certain activities within business process. based on the rules setup and also the state machine information. Application, data, and service mediation layer typically forms the overall composite application development framework or SOA Framework.   4.          Business Process Layer: These are typically the intermediate services layer and represent Shared Business Process Services. At Enterprise Level, these services are from Customer Management, Order Management, Billing, Finance, and Asset Management application domains.   5.          Access Layer: This layer consists of portals for Enterprise and provides a single view of Enterprise information management and dashboard services.   6.          Channel Layer: This consists of various devices; applications that form part of extended enterprise; browsers through which users access the applications.   7.          Client Layer: This designates the different types of users accessing the enterprise applications. The type of user typically would be an important factor in determining the level of access to applications.   8.          Vertical pieces like management, monitoring, security, and development cut across all horizontal layers Management and monitoring involves all aspects of SOA-like services, SLAs, and other QoS lifecycle processes for both applications and services surrounding SOA governance.     9.          EA Governance, Reference Architecture, Roadmap, Principles, and Best Practices:   EA Governance is important in terms of providing the overall direction to SOA implementation within the enterprise. This involves board-level involvement, in addition to business and IT executives. At a high level, this involves managing the SOA projects implementation, managing SOA infrastructure, and controlling the entire effort through all fine-tuned IT processes in accordance with COBIT (Control Objectives for Information Technology).   Devising tools and techniques to promote reuse culture, and the SOA way of doing things needs competency centers to be established in addition to training the workforce to take up new roles that are suited to SOA journey.   Conclusions   Reference Architectures can serve as the basis for disparate architecture efforts throughout the organization, even if they use different tools and technologies. Reference architectures provide best practices and approaches in the independent way a vendor deals with technology and standards. Reference Architectures model the abstract architectural elements for an enterprise independent of the technologies, protocols, and products that are used to implement an SOA. Telecom enterprises today are facing significant business and technology challenges due to growing competition, a multitude of services, and convergence. Adopting architectural best practices could go a long way in meeting these challenges. The use of SOA-based architecture for communication to each of the external systems like Billing, CRM, etc., in OSS/BSS system has made the architecture very loosely coupled, with greater flexibility. Any change in the external systems would be absorbed at the Integration Layer without affecting the rest of the ecosystem. The use of a Business Process Management (BPM) tool makes the management and maintenance of the business processes easy, with better performance in terms of lead time, quality, and cost. Since the Architecture is based on standards, it will lower the cost of deploying and managing OSS/BSS applications over their lifecycles.

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• Benchmarking a file server

  - by Joel Coel

  I'm working on building a new file server... a simple Windows Server box with a few terabytes of disk space to share on the LAN. Pain for current hard drive prices aside :( -- I would like to get some benchmarks for this device under load compared to our old server. The old server was installed in 2005 and had 5 136GB 10K disks in RAID 5. The new server has 8 1TB disks in two RAID 10 volumes (plus a hot spare for each volume), but they're only 7.2K rpm, and of course with a much larger cache size. I'd like to get an idea of the performance expectations of the new server relative to the old. Where do I get started? I'd like to know both raw potential under different kinds of load for each server, as well an idea of what our real-world load looks like and how it will translate. Will disk load even matter, or will performance be more driven by the network connection? I could probably fumble through some disk i/o and wait counters in performance monitor, but I don't really know what to look for, which counters to watch, or for how long and when. FWIW, I'm expecting a nice improvement because of the benefits of having two different volumes and the better RAID 10 performance vs RAID 5, in spite of using slower disks... but I'd like to get an idea of how much.

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• What causes "A disk read error occurred, Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart"?

  - by Mehrdad

  I have a virtual machine containing Windows XP SP3. When I resized the VHD file (and the embedded partition), and tried booting, I got: A disk read error occurred Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart Some notes: FixBoot and FixMBR don't help. ChkDsk doesn't help. The partition is indeed active. The partition starts at sector 63 (it also did so before the problem) of cylinder 1, head 1, and is marked as type 0x07 (NTFS) My host OS reads the VHD and the partition completely fine I'm interested in knowing the cause rather than the fix. So "re-format the disk", "reinstall Windows", etc. aren't valid solutions. It's a virtual machine after all... I have nothing to lose, so I don't care about fixing it. I just want to know what's causing this problem, in case I run into it again on a physical machine (which I have done before). More info: The layout of the original, dynamic VHD (which works correctly): +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ Disk: 3 MBR/GPT: MBR ¦ ¦ Size: 127.00GB CHS: 16578 255 63 ¦ ¦ Sectors: 266338304 Disk Signature: 0xEE3EEE3E ¦ ¦ Partitions: 1 Partition Order: 1 ¦ ¦ Media Type: Fixed Interface: SCSI ¦ ¦ Description: Msft Virtual Disk ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------¦ ¦Pos Idx Type/Name Size Boot Hide Start Sector Total Sectors DL Vol Label ¦ +--- --- --------- ---- ---- ---- -------------- -------------- -- -----------¦ ¦ 1 1 07-NTFS 1.5G Yes No 63 3,148,677 F: <None> ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ The layout of the resized, fixed-size VHD (which doesn't work): +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+ ¦ Disk: 3 MBR/GPT: MBR ¦ ¦ Size: 1.50GB CHS: 196 255 63 ¦ ¦ Sectors: 3149824 Disk Signature: 0xEE3EEE3E ¦ ¦ Partitions: 1 Partition Order: 1 ¦ ¦ Media Type: Fixed Interface: SCSI ¦ ¦ Description: Msft Virtual Disk ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------¦ ¦Pos Idx Type/Name Size Boot Hide Start Sector Total Sectors DL Vol Label ¦ +--- --- --------- ---- ---- ---- -------------- -------------- -- -----------¦ ¦ 1 1 07-NTFS 1.5G Yes No 63 3,148,677 F: <None> ¦ +-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

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• Robocopy silently missing files

  - by John Hunt

  I'm using Robocopy to sync data from our server's hard disk to an external disk as a backup. It's a pretty simple solution but pretty much the best/easiest one we could come up with - we use two external disks and rotate them offsite. Anyway, here's the script (with the comments taken out) that I'm using to do it. It works very well, it's quick and almost 100% complete - however it's acting pretty strange with a few files (note company name has been changed in paths to protect the innocent): @ECHO OFF set DATESTAMP=%DATE:~10,4%/%DATE:~4,2%/%DATE:~7,2% %TIME:~0,2%:%TIME:~3,2%:%TIME:~6,2% SET prefix="E:\backup_log-" SET source_dir="M:\Company Names Data\Working Folder\_ADMIN_BACKUP_FILES\COMPA AANY Business Folder_Backup_040407\COMPANY_sales order register\BACKUP CLIENT FOLDERS & CURRENT JOBS pre 270404\CLIENT SALES ORDER REGISTER" SET dest_dir="E:\dest" SET log_fname=%prefix%%date:~-4,4%%date:~-10,2%%date:~-7,2%.log SET what_to_copy=/COPY:DAT /MIR SET options=/R:0 /W:0 /LOG+:%log_fname% /NFL /NDL ROBOCOPY %source_dir% %dest_dir% %what_to_copy% %options% set DATESTAMP=%DATE:~10,4%/%DATE:~4,2%/%DATE:~7,2% %TIME:~0,2%:%TIME:~3,2%:%TIME:~6,2% cscript msg.vbs "Backup completed at %DATESTAMP% - Logs can be found on the E: drive." :END Normally the source would just be M:\Comapany name data\ but I altered the script a bit to test the problem. The following files in the source are not copied to the dest: Someclient\SONICP~1.DOC Someclient\SONICP~2.DOC Someclient\SONICP~3.DOC However, files in the same directory named: TIMESH~1.XLS TIMESH~2.XLS are copied. I'm able to open the files that aren't copied with no trouble at all, and they certainly weren't opened when I ran robocopy so it's not a locking issue. Robocopy is running as administrator so it's not a permissions issue. There's no trace these files were even attempted to be copied as there are no errors being output in the log or in my command prompt. Does anyone have any suggestions as to what this might be? Busted hard disk? Cheers, John.

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• How can I mount dd image of a partition?

  - by Puneet Arora

  I created a dd image of a partition (containing an HFS+ FS) of one of my disks (and not the entire disk) a few days ago using the following command - dd conv=sync,noerror bs=8k if=/dev/sdc2 of=/path/to/img How can I mount it? I tried the following but it doesn't work - mount -o loop,ro -t hfsplus /path/to/img /path/to/mntDir It gives me mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/loop1, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so and dmesg | tail gives me - [5248455.568479] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248455.568494] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248462.674836] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248462.674843] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248550.672105] hfs: invalid secondary volume header [5248550.672115] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248993.612026] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5248998.103385] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5249031.441359] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock [5249036.274864] hfs: unable to find HFS+ superblock Is there something wrong that I am doing? I tried searching on how to do this but all the results I get only talk about mounting a partition from within a full disk image, using the offset option with mount - none talk about the case where the image itself is that of a partition. Thanks. PS: I'm running 64bit Arch Linux, and the partition from the original disk /dev/sdc2 mounts fine.

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• Aging SBS needs updates / Thoughts for one-off, off-line complete backup?

  - by tcv

  Hey guys, So, we checked out the status of an SBS 2003 at one of our more recent, spend-averse clients and found it to be woefully out-of-date. Scary out of date. I think it's running IE2. Ok, maybe not that far back. Anyway, I was thinking that I could use some kind of disk-imaging software to image the four IDE drives within and, in the event the server gets some kind of Update Induced Indigestion, I could completely restore. Usually my go-to software for this is Acronis, but my client will likely balk at a $500 price tag for a one-off backup with their server product. I had thought we could use the boot media from, say, Backup & Recovery 10 to take an off-line image of all the drives. According to their CHAT tech support, however, it will not work. I pressed for the technical reasons and they said they'd email me. They haven't emailed me. They still might. This server is running SBS 2003, pre sp2. It's got four IDE disks. One is a Basic disk, which contains the O/S. The others are bound as a dynamic disk. You might ask: "Don't they already have backup software?" They do! Backup Exec, a very low-end version that won't even do VSS. I don't know much about BE, but it seems to me that if the worst were to happen, it would mean building a new server O/S, installing BE (if the media is available), then restoring. Would it even work? I can take the system down for hours to do a backup and my goal here is a pretty dead-simple restore if the worst happens. Any and all suggestions are exciting. m

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• Access denied to external USB disk; update access rights fails in Windows 8

  - by gerard

  I use to work with 2 laptops (Windows vista and Windows 7), my work files being on an external usb disk. My oldest laptop broke down, so I bought a new one. I had no option other than take Windows 8. I suspect something changed with access rights, as my external disk suffered some "access denied" problem on Windows. I was prompted (by Windows 8) somehow to fix the access rights, which I tried to do, getting to the properties - security. This process was very slow and ended up saying disk is not ready Additionally, my external usb disk somehow was not recognized anymore. Back to Windows 7, I was warned that my disk needed to be verified, which I did. In this process, some files were lost (most of them I could recover from the folder found00x, but I have some backup anyway). Also, I don't know why, but under Windows 7, all the folder showed with a lock. Then back again to Windows 8. Same problem : access denied to my disk + no way to change access rights as it gets stuck disk is not ready". Now I am pretty sure there is some kind of bug or inconsistency in Windows 8 / Windows 7. I did 2. and 3. a few times. At some point, I also got an access denied in Windows 7. I could restore access rights to the disk to "System" (properties - security - EDIT for full control to group "system". ). But then I still get the same access right pb on Windows 8, and getting stuck in the process to restore full control to "system" -- and "admin" groups. I upgraded Windows8 with the Windows8 updates available. Does not help.

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• SSD suddenly full

  - by Daniel

  Today the hard drive of our server was suddenly full. The disk usage always stayed around 50 % in the weeks and months before (old data is regularly expunged from the server). I deleted 10 GB of files in /tmp, which strangely freed 51 GB. Here is what I did: root@***:~# df -h Dateisystem Size Used Avail Use% Eingehängt auf /dev/sda3 139G 137G 0 100% / tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 3,9G 116K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 985M 25M 910M 3% /boot root@***:/var# du -hs * 3,3M backups 438M cache 9,4G lib 4,0K local 12K lock 76M log 24K mail 4,0K opt 88K run 184K spool 10G tmp 12K www root@***:/var/tmp# find -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm root@***:/var/tmp# df -h Dateisystem Size Used Avail Use% Eingehängt auf /dev/sda3 139G 81G 51G 62% / tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 3,9G 116K 3,9G 1% /dev tmpfs 3,9G 0 3,9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 985M 25M 910M 3% /boot Any explanation as to why deleting 10 GB in /tmp gave me back 51 GB on the disk? Could this point to an SSD failure? Are there any tools for Debian to test SSD health? I already have checked syslog. The first entry relating to this incidient is a mysql message: 1:22:02 [ERROR] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Disk is full writing... So I have absolutely no idea what caused this.

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• Memory Troubles with UIImagePicker

  - by Dan Ray

  I'm building an app that has several different sections to it, all of which are pretty image-heavy. It ties in with my client's website and they're a "high-design" type outfit. One piece of the app is images uploaded from the camera or the library, and a tableview that shows a grid of thumbnails. Pretty reliably, when I'm dealing with the camera version of UIImagePickerControl, I get hit for low memory. If I bounce around that part of the app for a while, I occasionally and non-repeatably crash with "status:10 (SIGBUS)" in the debugger. On low memory warning, my root view controller for that aspect of the app goes to my data management singleton, cruises through the arrays of cached data, and kills the biggest piece, the image associated with each entry. Thusly: - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning { // Releases the view if it doesn't have a superview. [super didReceiveMemoryWarning]; UIAlertView *alert = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"Low Memory Warning" message:@"Cleaning out events data" delegate:nil cancelButtonTitle:@"All right then." otherButtonTitles:nil]; [alert show]; [alert release]; NSInteger spaceSaved; DataManager *data = [DataManager sharedDataManager]; for (Event *event in data.eventList) { spaceSaved += [(NSData *)UIImagePNGRepresentation(event.image) length]; event.image = nil; spaceSaved -= [(NSData *)UIImagePNGRepresentation(event.image) length]; } NSString *titleString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Saved %d on event images", spaceSaved]; for (WondrMark *mark in data.wondrMarks) { spaceSaved += [(NSData *)UIImagePNGRepresentation(mark.image) length]; mark.image = nil; spaceSaved -= [(NSData *)UIImagePNGRepresentation(mark.image) length]; } NSString *messageString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"And total %d on event and mark images", spaceSaved]; NSLog(@"%@ - %@", titleString, messageString); // Relinquish ownership any cached data, images, etc that aren't in use. } As you can see, I'm making a (poor) attempt to eyeball the memory space I'm freeing up. I know it's not telling me about the actual memory footprint of the UIImages themselves, but it gives me SOME numbers at least, so I can see that SOMETHING'S happening. (Sorry for the hamfisted way I build that NSLog message too--I was going to fire another UIAlertView, but realized it'd be more useful to log it.) Pretty reliably, after toodling around in the image portion of the app for a while, I'll pull up the camera interface and get the low memory UIAlertView like three or four times in quick succession. Here's the NSLog output from the last time I saw it: 2010-05-27 08:55:02.659 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 109591 on event images - And total 1419756 on event and mark images wait_fences: failed to receive reply: 10004003 2010-05-27 08:55:08.759 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 4 on event images - And total 392695 on event and mark images 2010-05-27 08:55:14.865 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 4 on event images - And total 873419 on event and mark images 2010-05-27 08:55:14.969 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 4 on event images - And total 4 on event and mark images 2010-05-27 08:55:15.064 EverWondr[7974:207] Saved 4 on event images - And total 4 on event and mark images And then pretty soon after that we get our SIGBUS exit. So that's the situation. Now my specific questions: THE time I see this happening is when the UIPickerView's camera iris shuts. I click the button to take the picture, it does the "click" animation, and Instruments shows my memory footprint going from about 10mb to about 25mb, and sitting there until the image is delivered to my UIViewController, where usage drops back to 10 or 11mb again. If we make it through that without a memory warning, we're golden, but most likely we don't. Anything I can do to make that not be so expensive? Second, I have NSZombies enabled. Am I understanding correctly that that's actually preventing memory from being freed? Am I subjecting my app to an unfair test environment? Third, is there some way to programmatically get my memory usage? Or at least the usage for a UIImage object? I've scoured the docs and don't see anything about that.

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• Mysql out of disk space

  - by Paddy

  I have just finished developing a rails app which has a mysql db as a backend. The app is meant for high traffic and will store lots of information. I am planning to set up my own web server and host the site from it. If in future my disk space runs out i would want to expand by adding more space. But say if my mysql database is housed in my /disk0s1 and by adding a new drive i have more partitions (and hence more disk space), how then would i extend my database to store information on those partitions too, and at the same time prevent any information from being written on the original partition. Should i go for multiple databases? if so how? If i went for a hosting solution i wouldn't be bothering about this as i would just have to worry about making payments for the extra space :) I always wondered how space is added on-the-go by these webhosts. Is there any specific mysql configuration that i have to make?

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• NAS disk - problem with accessing SAMBA

  - by dominolog

  Hello I have a NAS disk running on some version of Linux. The disk is located in local network (5 PC running XP or Vista, all connected to Linksys Router). I have problems accessing NAS resources through SAMBA. The 1st issue is that the NAS is not accessible through hostname (even if it is configured), 2nd point is that it is mostly not accessible through IP manner (\IP_OF_NAS). Rest of services (FTP, HTTP access) works flawlessly. I connected the NAS to my home network (only 1 WinXP and Linsys router) and the NAS is working fine - SAMBA access together with hostname recognition works perfectly. I wonder this is an issue with WINS? Could anybody help? Regards

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• Tools to backup an external hard disk

  - by Kaushik Gopal

  Hey people, What's the best method to take an exact copy of my external hard disk? A guru suggested rsync, but I was wondering if there's an easier alternative. I do remember reading somewhere that Acronis also does this. Was looking for your advice on the best option. I'm running Windows. Essentially i have an external HDD which has a lot of stuff synchronized across various pcs. I wish to take a backup of this external Hard disk (ext.HDDs aren't entirely reliable so want to keep a backup of my ext.HDD). Cheers. K

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• Assembly - Read next sector of a virtual disk

  - by ali

  As any programmer in the world at least once in his/her life, I am trying to create my "revolutionary", the new and only one operating system. :D Well, I am using a virtual emulator (Oracle VM Virtual Box), for which I create a new unknwon operating system, with a vmdk disk. I like vmdk because they are just plain files, so I can paste my boot-loader over the first 512 bytes of the virtual hard disk. Now, I am trying to read the next sector of this virtual disk, on which I would paste a simple kernel that would display a message. I have two questions: Am I reading the second segment (the first -512 bytes- is occupied by the bootloader) correctly? CODE: CitesteDisc: mov bx, 0x8000 ; segment mov es, bx mov bx, 0x0000 ; offset mov ah, 0x02 ; read function mov al, 0x01 ; sectors - this might be wrong, trying to read from hd mov ch, 0x00 ; cylinder mov cl, 0x02 ; sector mov dh, 0x00 ; head mov dl, 0x80 ; drive - trying to read from hd int 0x13 ; disk int mov si, ErrorMessage ; - This will display an error message jc ShowMessage jmp [es:bx] ; buffer Here, I get the error message, after checking CF. However, if I use INT 13, 1 to get last status message, AL is 0 - so no error is saved. Am I pasting my simple kernel in the correct place inside the vmdk? What I do is pasting it after the 512th byte of the file, the first 512 bytes, as I said, are the boot-loader. The file would look like this: BE 45 7C E8 16 00 EB FE B4 0E B7 00 B3 07 CD 10 <- First sector C3 AC 08 C0 74 05 E8 EF FF EB F6 C3 B4 00 B2 80 CD 13 BE 5D 7C 72 F5 BB 00 80 8E C3 BB 00 00 B4 02 B0 06 B5 00 B1 01 B6 00 B2 07 CD 13 BE 4E 7C 72 CF 26 FF 27 57 65 6C 63 6F 6D 65 21 00 52 65 61 64 69 6E 67 20 65 72 72 6F 72 21 00 52 65 73 65 74 74 69 6E 67 20 65 72 72 6F 72 21 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 AA <- Boot-loader signature B4 0E B0 2E CD 10 EB FE 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 <- Start of the second sector 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 So, this is the way I am trying to add the kernel to the second sector. What do you think is wrong with this? Thanks!

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• Save BLOB to disk as Image C#

  - by TGuimond

  Hello, I am developing a web application that calls web services developed by a third party to send/receive data from a clients database. I am building the application using ASP.NET 3.5 C#. The way that they are providing me images is in BLOB format. I call their method and what I get back is a DataSet with 2 fields "logo_name" and "logo" which is the BLOB field. What I want to do is: Save the image locally on the disk (to minimize calls to their database in the future). I have been playing around with a couple of different ways of doing this but cannot seem to get the image to save correctly. I have been able to create a file in a folder with the correct name but if I try to view the image it does not work. I was hoping someone could give me some sample code to show me how to save a BLOB field to the local disk? Thanks

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