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• ASP.net MVC HttpException strange file not found

  - by Paddy

  I'm running asp.net MVC site on IIS6 - I've edited my routing to look like the following: routes.MapRoute( "Default", "{controller}.aspx/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" } ); routes.MapRoute( "Root", "", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" } ); So all my urls now contain .aspx (as per one of the solutions from Phil Haack). Now, I catch all unhandled exceptions using Elmah, and for almost every page request, I get the following error caught by Elmah, that I never see on the front end (everything works perfectly): System.Web.HttpException: The file '/VirtualDirectoryName/Home.aspx' does not exist. System.Web.HttpException: The file '/VirtualDirectoryName/Home.aspx' does not exist. at System.Web.UI.Util.CheckVirtualFileExists(VirtualPath virtualPath) at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultInternal(VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile) at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVPathBuildResultWithNoAssert(HttpContext context, VirtualPath virtualPath, Boolean noBuild, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean allowBuildInPrecompile) at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetVirtualPathObjectFactory(VirtualPath virtualPath, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean noAssert) at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CreateInstanceFromVirtualPath(VirtualPath virtualPath, Type requiredBaseType, HttpContext context, Boolean allowCrossApp, Boolean noAssert) at System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory.GetHandlerHelper(HttpContext context, String requestType, VirtualPath virtualPath, String physicalPath) at System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory.System.Web.IHttpHandlerFactory2.GetHandler(HttpContext context, String requestType, VirtualPath virtualPath, String physicalPath) at System.Web.HttpApplication.MapHttpHandler(HttpContext context, String requestType, VirtualPath path, String pathTranslated, Boolean useAppConfig) at System.Web.HttpApplication.MapHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() at System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) There is a Home controller, and it should be found, but I'm not sure a) where this is being called from, and b) why I don't see this error on the front end. Any ideas? Edited with answer: I think the answer for this can be found in this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/34194/asp-net-mvc-on-iis6

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• HTTPS Redirect Causing Error "Server cannot append header after HTTP headers have been sent"

  - by Chad

  I need to check that our visitors are using HTTPS. In BasePage I check if the request is coming via HTTPS. If it's not, I redirect back with HTTPS. However, when someone comes to the site and this function is used, I get the error: System.Web.HttpException: Server cannot append header after HTTP headers have been sent. at System.Web.HttpResponse.AppendHeader(String name, String value) at System.Web.HttpResponse.AddHeader(String name, String value) at Premier.Payment.Website.Generic.BasePage..ctor() Here is the code I started with: // If page not currently SSL if (HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["HTTPS"].Equals("off")) { // If SSL is required if (GetConfigSetting("SSLRequired").ToUpper().Equals("TRUE")) { string redi = "https://" + HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["SERVER_NAME"].ToString() + HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["SCRIPT_NAME"].ToString() + "?" + HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["QUERY_STRING"].ToString(); HttpContext.Current.Response.Redirect(redi.ToString()); } } I also tried adding this above it (a bit I used in another site for a similar problem): // Wait until page is copletely loaded before sending anything since we re-build HttpContext.Current.Response.BufferOutput = true; I am using c# in .NET 3.5 on IIS 6. enter code here

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• Moq: Unable to cast to interface

  - by Pickels

  Hello, earlier today I asked this question. So since moq creates it's own class from an interface I wasn't able to cast it to a different class. So it got me wondering what if I created a ICustomPrincipal and tried to cast to that. This is how my mocks look: var MockHttpContext = new Mock<HttpContextBase>(); var MockPrincipal = new Mock<ICustomPrincipal>(); MockHttpContext.SetupGet(h => h.User).Returns(MockPrincipal.Object); In the method I am trying to test the follow code gives the error(again): var user = (ICustomPrincipal)httpContext.User; The error is the following: Unable to cast object of type 'IPrincipalProxy4081807111564298854aabfc890edcc8' to type 'MyProject.Web.ICustomPrincipal'. I guess I still need some practice with interfaces and moq but shouldn't I be able to cast the class that moq created back to ICustomPrincipal? I know httpContext.User returns an IPrincipal so maybe something gets lost there? Well if anybody can help me I would appreciate that. Pickels Edit: As requested the full code of the method I am testing. It's still not finished but this is what I have so far: public bool AuthorizeCore(HttpContextBase httpContext) { if (httpContext == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("httpContext"); } var user = (ICustomPrincipal)httpContext.User; if (!user.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { return false; } return true; }

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• Need help with creating PDF from HTML using itextsharp

  - by Steven

  I'm trying to crate a PDF out of a HTML page. The CMS I'm using is EPiServer. This is my code so far: protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { naaflib.pdfDocument(CurrentPage); } public static void pdfDocument(PageData pd) { //Extract data from Page (pd). string intro = pd["MainIntro"].ToString(); // Attribute string mainBody = pd["MainBody"].ToString(); // Attribute // makae ready HttpContext HttpContext.Current.Response.Clear(); HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "application/pdf"; // Create PDF document Document pdfDocument = new Document(PageSize.A4, 80, 50, 30, 65); //PdfWriter pw = PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDocument, HttpContext.Current.Response.OutputStream); PdfWriter.GetInstance(pdfDocument, HttpContext.Current.Response.OutputStream); pdfDocument.Open(); pdfDocument.Add(new Paragraph(pd.PageName)); pdfDocument.Add(new Paragraph(intro)); pdfDocument.Add(new Paragraph(mainBody)); pdfDocument.Close(); HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); } This outputs the content of the article name, intro-text and main body. But it does not pars HTML which is in the article text and there is no layout. I've tried having a look at http://itextsharp.sourceforge.net/tutorial/index.html without becomming any wiser. Any pointers to the right direction is greatly appreciated :)

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• High Load mysql on Debian server stops every day. Why?

  - by Oleg Abrazhaev

  I have Debian server with 32 gb memory. And there is apache2, memcached and nginx on this server. Memory load always on maximum. Only 500m free. Most memory leak do MySql. Apache only 70 clients configured, other services small memory usage. When mysql use all memory it stops. And nothing works, need mysql reboot. Mysql configured use maximum 24 gb memory. I have hight weight InnoDB bases. (400000 rows, 30 gb). And on server multithread daemon, that makes many inserts in this tables, thats why InnoDB. There is my mysql config. [mysqld] # # * Basic Settings # default-time-zone = "+04:00" user = mysql pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock port = 3306 basedir = /usr datadir = /var/lib/mysql tmpdir = /tmp language = /usr/share/mysql/english skip-external-locking default-time-zone='Europe/Moscow' # # Instead of skip-networking the default is now to listen only on # localhost which is more compatible and is not less secure. # # * Fine Tuning # #low_priority_updates = 1 concurrent_insert = ALWAYS wait_timeout = 600 interactive_timeout = 600 #normal key_buffer_size = 2024M #key_buffer_size = 1512M #70% hot cache key_cache_division_limit= 70 #16-32 max_allowed_packet = 32M #1-16M thread_stack = 8M #40-50 thread_cache_size = 50 #orderby groupby sort sort_buffer_size = 64M #same myisam_sort_buffer_size = 400M #temp table creates when group_by tmp_table_size = 3000M #tables in memory max_heap_table_size = 3000M #on disk open_files_limit = 10000 table_cache = 10000 join_buffer_size = 5M # This replaces the startup script and checks MyISAM tables if needed # the first time they are touched myisam-recover = BACKUP #myisam_use_mmap = 1 max_connections = 200 thread_concurrency = 8 # # * Query Cache Configuration # #more ignored query_cache_limit = 50M query_cache_size = 210M #on query cache query_cache_type = 1 # # * Logging and Replication # # Both location gets rotated by the cronjob. # Be aware that this log type is a performance killer. #log = /var/log/mysql/mysql.log # # Error logging goes to syslog. This is a Debian improvement :) # # Here you can see queries with especially long duration log_slow_queries = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log long_query_time = 1 log-queries-not-using-indexes # # The following can be used as easy to replay backup logs or for replication. # note: if you are setting up a replication slave, see README.Debian about # other settings you may need to change. #server-id = 1 #log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log server-id = 1 log-bin = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin #replicate-do-db = gate log-bin-index = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.index log-error = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.err relay-log = /var/lib/mysql/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /var/lib/mysql/relay-bin.info relay-log-index = /var/lib/mysql/relay-bin.index binlog_do_db = 24avia expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M read_buffer_size = 4024288 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 5000M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 table_definition_cache = 2000 group_concat_max_len = 16M #binlog_do_db = gate #binlog_ignore_db = include_database_name # # * BerkeleyDB # # Using BerkeleyDB is now discouraged as its support will cease in 5.1.12. #skip-bdb # # * InnoDB # # InnoDB is enabled by default with a 10MB datafile in /var/lib/mysql/. # Read the manual for more InnoDB related options. There are many! # You might want to disable InnoDB to shrink the mysqld process by circa 100MB. #skip-innodb # # * Security Features # # Read the manual, too, if you want chroot! # chroot = /var/lib/mysql/ # # For generating SSL certificates I recommend the OpenSSL GUI "tinyca". # # ssl-ca=/etc/mysql/cacert.pem # ssl-cert=/etc/mysql/server-cert.pem # ssl-key=/etc/mysql/server-key.pem [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 500M [mysql] #no-auto-rehash # faster start of mysql but no tab completition [isamchk] key_buffer = 32M key_buffer_size = 512M # # * NDB Cluster # # See /usr/share/doc/mysql-server-*/README.Debian for more information. # # The following configuration is read by the NDB Data Nodes (ndbd processes) # not from the NDB Management Nodes (ndb_mgmd processes). # # [MYSQL_CLUSTER] # ndb-connectstring=127.0.0.1 # # * IMPORTANT: Additional settings that can override those from this file! # The files must end with '.cnf', otherwise they'll be ignored. # !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ Please, help me make it stable. Memory used /etc/mysql # free total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 32930800 32766424 164376 0 139208 23829196 -/+ buffers/cache: 8798020 24132780 Swap: 33553328 44660 33508668 Maybe my problem not in memory, but MySQL stops every day. As you can see, cache memory free 24 gb. Thank to Michael Hampton? for correction. Load overage on server 3.5. Maybe hdd or another problem? Maybe my config not optimal for 30gb InnoDB ? I'm already try mysqltuner and tunung-primer.sh , but they marked all green. Mysqltuner output mysqltuner >> MySQLTuner 1.0.1 - Major Hayden <[email protected]> >> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ >> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.5.24-9-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: -Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in MyISAM tables: 112G (Tables: 1528) [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 39G (Tables: 340) [--] Data in PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables: 0B (Tables: 17) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 344 -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 8h 18m 33s (14M q [478.333 qps], 259K conn, TX: 9B, RX: 5B) [--] Reads / Writes: 84% / 16% [--] Total buffers: 10.5G global + 81.1M per thread (200 max threads) [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 26.3G (83% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 1% (259K/14M) [!!] Highest connection usage: 100% (201/200) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 1.5G/5.6G [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (6B cached / 1M reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 74.3% (8M cached / 11M selects) [OK] Query cache prunes per day: 0 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (0 temp sorts / 247K sorts) [!!] Joins performed without indexes: 106025 [!!] Temporary tables created on disk: 49% (351K on disk / 715K total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (249 created / 259K connections) [!!] Table cache hit rate: 15% (2K open / 13K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 15% (3K/20K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (4M immediate / 4M locks) [!!] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 39.4G/5.9G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance MySQL started within last 24 hours - recommendations may be inaccurate Reduce or eliminate persistent connections to reduce connection usage Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes Temporary table size is already large - reduce result set size Reduce your SELECT DISTINCT queries without LIMIT clauses Increase table_cache gradually to avoid file descriptor limits Variables to adjust: max_connections (> 200) wait_timeout (< 600) interactive_timeout (< 600) join_buffer_size (> 5.0M, or always use indexes with joins) table_cache (> 10000) innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 39G) Mysql primer output -- MYSQL PERFORMANCE TUNING PRIMER -- - By: Matthew Montgomery - MySQL Version 5.5.24-9-log x86_64 Uptime = 0 days 8 hrs 20 min 50 sec Avg. qps = 478 Total Questions = 14369568 Threads Connected = 16 Warning: Server has not been running for at least 48hrs. It may not be safe to use these recommendations To find out more information on how each of these runtime variables effects performance visit: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-system-variables.html Visit http://www.mysql.com/products/enterprise/advisors.html for info about MySQL's Enterprise Monitoring and Advisory Service SLOW QUERIES The slow query log is enabled. Current long_query_time = 1.000000 sec. You have 260626 out of 14369701 that take longer than 1.000000 sec. to complete Your long_query_time seems to be fine BINARY UPDATE LOG The binary update log is enabled Binlog sync is not enabled, you could loose binlog records during a server crash WORKER THREADS Current thread_cache_size = 50 Current threads_cached = 45 Current threads_per_sec = 0 Historic threads_per_sec = 0 Your thread_cache_size is fine MAX CONNECTIONS Current max_connections = 200 Current threads_connected = 11 Historic max_used_connections = 201 The number of used connections is 100% of the configured maximum. You should raise max_connections INNODB STATUS Current InnoDB index space = 214 M Current InnoDB data space = 39.40 G Current InnoDB buffer pool free = 0 % Current innodb_buffer_pool_size = 5.85 G Depending on how much space your innodb indexes take up it may be safe to increase this value to up to 2 / 3 of total system memory MEMORY USAGE Max Memory Ever Allocated : 23.46 G Configured Max Per-thread Buffers : 15.84 G Configured Max Global Buffers : 7.54 G Configured Max Memory Limit : 23.39 G Physical Memory : 31.40 G Max memory limit seem to be within acceptable norms KEY BUFFER Current MyISAM index space = 5.61 G Current key_buffer_size = 1.47 G Key cache miss rate is 1 : 5578 Key buffer free ratio = 77 % Your key_buffer_size seems to be fine QUERY CACHE Query cache is enabled Current query_cache_size = 200 M Current query_cache_used = 101 M Current query_cache_limit = 50 M Current Query cache Memory fill ratio = 50.59 % Current query_cache_min_res_unit = 4 K MySQL won't cache query results that are larger than query_cache_limit in size SORT OPERATIONS Current sort_buffer_size = 64 M Current read_rnd_buffer_size = 256 K Sort buffer seems to be fine JOINS Current join_buffer_size = 5.00 M You have had 106606 queries where a join could not use an index properly You have had 8 joins without keys that check for key usage after each row join_buffer_size >= 4 M This is not advised You should enable "log-queries-not-using-indexes" Then look for non indexed joins in the slow query log. OPEN FILES LIMIT Current open_files_limit = 20210 files The open_files_limit should typically be set to at least 2x-3x that of table_cache if you have heavy MyISAM usage. Your open_files_limit value seems to be fine TABLE CACHE Current table_open_cache = 10000 tables Current table_definition_cache = 2000 tables You have a total of 1910 tables You have 2151 open tables. The table_cache value seems to be fine TEMP TABLES Current max_heap_table_size = 2.92 G Current tmp_table_size = 2.92 G Of 366426 temp tables, 49% were created on disk Perhaps you should increase your tmp_table_size and/or max_heap_table_size to reduce the number of disk-based temporary tables Note! BLOB and TEXT columns are not allow in memory tables. If you are using these columns raising these values might not impact your ratio of on disk temp tables. TABLE SCANS Current read_buffer_size = 3 M Current table scan ratio = 2846 : 1 read_buffer_size seems to be fine TABLE LOCKING Current Lock Wait ratio = 1 : 185 You may benefit from selective use of InnoDB. If you have long running SELECT's against MyISAM tables and perform frequent updates consider setting 'low_priority_updates=1'

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• Weighted round robins via TTL - possible?

  - by Joe Hopfgartner

  I currently use DNS round robin for load balancing, which works great. The records look like this (I have a ttl of 120 seconds) ;; ANSWER SECTION: orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 80.237.201.41 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.54.12 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.100.10 orion.2x.to. 116 IN A 87.230.51.65 I learned that not every ISP / device treats such a response the same way. For example some DNS servers rotate the addresses randomly or always cycle them through. Some just propagate the first entry, others try to determine which is best (regionally near) by looking at the ip address. However if the userbase is big enough (spreads over multiple ISPs etc) it balances pretty well. The discrepancies from highest to lowest loaded server hardly every exceeds 15%. However now I have the problem that I am introducing more servers into the systems, that not all have the same capacities. I currently only have 1gbps servers, but I want to work with 100mbit and also 10gbps servers too. So what I want is I want to introduce a server with 10 GBps with a weight of 100, a 1 gbps server with a weight of 10 and a 100 mbit server with a weight of 1. I used to add servers twice to bring more traffic to them (which worked nice. the bandwidth doubled almost.) But adding a 10gbit server 100 times to DNS is a bit rediculous. So I thought about using the TTL. If I give server A 240 seconds ttl and server B only 120 seconds (which is about about the minimum to use for round robin, as a lot of dns servers set to 120 if a lower ttl is specified.. so i have heard) I think something like this should occour in an ideal scenario: first 120 seconds 50% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds. 50% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds second 120 seconds 50% of requests still have server A cached -> keep it for another 120 seconds. 25% of requests get server A -> keep it for 240 seconds 25% of requests get server B -> keep it for 120 seconds third 120 seconds 25% will get server A (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 240 sec 25% will get server B (from the 50% of Server A that now expired) -> cache 120 sec 25% will have server A cached for another 120 seconds 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 120sec 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of server B that now expired) -> cache 240 sec fourth 120 seconds 25% will have server A cached -> cache for another 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will get server A (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 12.5% will get server B (from the 25% of a that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 6.25% will get server A (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 240 secs 6.25% will get server B (from the 12.5% of b that now expired) -> cache 120 secs 12.5% will have server A cached -> cache another 120 secs ... i think i lost something at this point but i think you get the idea.... As you can see this gets pretty complicated to predict and it will for sure not work out like this in practice. But it should definitely have an effect on the distribution! I know that weighted round robin exists and is just controlled by the root server. It just cycles through dns records when responding and returns dns records with a set propability that corresponds to the weighting. My DNS server does not support this, and my requirements are not that precise. If it doesnt weight perfectly its okay, but it should go into the right direction. I think using the TTL field could be a more elegant and easier solution - and it deosnt require a dns server that controls this dynamically, which saves resources - which is in my opinion the whole point of dns load balancing vs hardware load balancers. My question now is... are there any best prectices / methos / rules of thumb to weight round robin distribution using the TTL attribute of DNS records? Edit: The system is a forward proxy server system. The amount of Bandwidth (not requests) exceeds what one single server with ethernet can handle. So I need a balancing solution that distributes the bandwidth to several servers. Are there any alternative methods than using DNS? Of course I can use a load balancer with fibre channel etc, but the costs are rediciulous and it also increases only the width of the bottleneck and does not eliminate it. The only thing i can think of are anycast (is it anycast or multicast?) ip addresses, but I don't have the means to set up such a system.

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• httpHandler - subfolder issue

  - by Patto

  Hi, I am trying to redirect my old typepad blog to my new blog (permanent 301 redirect) that runs with wordpress. The new blog will also be on a new server. the old Blog had the following structure: http://subdomain.domain.com/weblog/year/month/what-ever-article.html The new Blog looks like this: http://www.domain.com/Blog/year/month/what-ever-article.html I am using an http handler that I found online and tried to work with it: public class MyHttpModule :IHttpModule { public MyHttpModule() { // // TODO: Add constructor logic here // } #region IHttpModule Members public void Dispose() { } public void Init(HttpApplication context) { context.BeginRequest += new EventHandler(context_BeginRequest); } void context_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { string oldURL = System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.ToString(); string newURL = String.Empty; //oldURL = if (oldURL.ToString().ToLower().IndexOf("articles") >= 0 || System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.ToString().ToLower().IndexOf("weblog") >= 0) { newURL = oldURL.Replace("subdomain.domain.com/weblog", "www.domain.com/Blog/index.php"); if (newURL.ToLower().Contains("subdomain")) { newURL = "http://www.domain.com/Blog"; } } else { newURL = "http://www.domain.com/Blog"; } System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.Clear(); System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.StatusCode = 301; System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader("Location", newURL); System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); } #endregion } To use this code, I put the handler into the web.config <httpModules> <add name="MyHttpModule" type="MyHttpModule, App_Code"/> </httpModules> The issue that I have is that when I want to redirect from the http://subdomain.domain.com/weblog/year/month/what-ever-article.html, I get an error that the folder would not exist. Is there any way to change my script or add an catch all to the web.config that forwards the URL to my script? When I use "http://subdomain.domain.com/weblog/year/month/what-ever-article.html" in oldURL string, then the redirect works just fine... so I must have some IIS or web.config settings wrong. Thanks in advance, Patrick

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• ASP.NET MVC 2.0 + Implementation of a IRouteHandler does not fire

  - by Peter

  Can anybody please help me with this as I have no idea why public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) is not executing. In my Global.asax.cs I have public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" } // Parameter defaults ); routes.Add("ImageRoutes", new Route("Images/{filename}", new CustomRouteHandler())); } protected void Application_Start() { RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } } //CustomRouteHandler implementation is below public class CustomRouteHandler : IRouteHandler { public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { // IF I SET A BREAK POINT HERE IT DOES NOT HIT FOR SOME REASON. string filename = requestContext.RouteData.Values["filename"] as string; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(filename)) { // return a 404 HttpHandler here } else { requestContext.HttpContext.Response.Clear(); requestContext.HttpContext.Response.ContentType = GetContentType(requestContext.HttpContext.Request.Url.ToString()); // find physical path to image here. string filepath = requestContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath("~/logo.jpg"); requestContext.HttpContext.Response.WriteFile(filepath); requestContext.HttpContext.Response.End(); } return null; } } Can any body tell me what I'm missing here. Simply public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) does not fire. I havn't change anything in the web.config either. What I'm missing here? Please help.

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• Why might a System.String object not cache its hash code?

  - by Dan Tao

  A glance at the source code for string.GetHashCode using Reflector reveals the following (for mscorlib.dll version 4.0): public override unsafe int GetHashCode() { fixed (char* str = ((char*) this)) { char* chPtr = str; int num = 0x15051505; int num2 = num; int* numPtr = (int*) chPtr; for (int i = this.Length; i > 0; i -= 4) { num = (((num << 5) + num) + (num >> 0x1b)) ^ numPtr[0]; if (i <= 2) { break; } num2 = (((num2 << 5) + num2) + (num2 >> 0x1b)) ^ numPtr[1]; numPtr += 2; } return (num + (num2 * 0x5d588b65)); } } Now, I realize that the implementation of GetHashCode is not specified and is implementation-dependent, so the question "is GetHashCode implemented in the form of X or Y?" is not really answerable. I'm just curious about a few things: If Reflector has disassembled the DLL correctly and this is the implementation of GetHashCode (in my environment), am I correct in interpreting this code to indicate that a string object, based on this particular implementation, would not cache its hash code? Assuming the answer is yes, why would this be? It seems to me that the memory cost would be minimal (one more 32-bit integer, a drop in the pond compared to the size of the string itself) whereas the savings would be significant, especially in cases where, e.g., strings are used as keys in a hashtable-based collection like a Dictionary<string, [...]>. And since the string class is immutable, it isn't like the value returned by GetHashCode will ever even change. What could I be missing? UPDATE: In response to Andras Zoltan's closing remark: There's also the point made in Tim's answer(+1 there). If he's right, and I think he is, then there's no guarantee that a string is actually immutable after construction, therefore to cache the result would be wrong. Whoa, whoa there! This is an interesting point to make (and yes it's very true), but I really doubt that this was taken into consideration in the implementation of GetHashCode. The statement "therefore to cache the result would be wrong" implies to me that the framework's attitude regarding strings is "Well, they're supposed to be immutable, but really if developers want to get sneaky they're mutable so we'll treat them as such." This is definitely not how the framework views strings. It fully relies on their immutability in so many ways (interning of string literals, assignment of all zero-length strings to string.Empty, etc.) that, basically, if you mutate a string, you're writing code whose behavior is entirely undefined and unpredictable. I guess my point is that for the author(s) of this implementation to worry, "What if this string instance is modified between calls, even though the class as it is publicly exposed is immutable?" would be like for someone planning a casual outdoor BBQ to think to him-/herself, "What if someone brings an atomic bomb to the party?" Look, if someone brings an atom bomb, party's over.

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• ASP.NET MVC 2.0 + Implementation of a IRouteHandler goes not fire

  - by Peter

  Can anybody please help me with this as I have no idea why public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) is not executing. In my Global.asax.cs I have public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication { public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes) { routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( "Default", // Route name "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // URL with parameters new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "" } // Parameter defaults ); routes.Add("ImageRoutes", new Route("Images/{filename}", new CustomRouteHandler())); } protected void Application_Start() { RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); } } //CustomRouteHandler implementation is below public class CustomRouteHandler : IRouteHandler { public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) { // IF I SET A BREAK POINT HERE IT DOES NOT HIT FOR SOME REASON. string filename = requestContext.RouteData.Values["filename"] as string; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(filename)) { // return a 404 HttpHandler here } else { requestContext.HttpContext.Response.Clear(); requestContext.HttpContext.Response.ContentType = GetContentType(requestContext.HttpContext.Request.Url.ToString()); // find physical path to image here. string filepath = requestContext.HttpContext.Server.MapPath("~/logo.jpg"); requestContext.HttpContext.Response.WriteFile(filepath); requestContext.HttpContext.Response.End(); } return null; } } Can any body tell me what I'm missing here. Simply public IHttpHandler GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) does not fire. I havn't change anything in the web.config either. What I'm missing here? Please help.

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• Clearing Session in Global Application_Error

  - by Zarigani

  Whenever an unhandled exception occurs on our site, I want to: Send a notification email Clear the user's session Send the user to a error page ("Sorry, a problem occurred...") The first and last I've had working for a long time but the second is causing me some issues. My Global.asax.vb includes: Sub Application_Error(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) ' Send exception report Dim ex As System.Exception = Nothing If HttpContext.Current IsNot Nothing AndAlso HttpContext.Current.Server IsNot Nothing Then ex = HttpContext.Current.Server.GetLastError End If Dim eh As New ErrorHandling(ex) eh.SendError() ' Clear session If HttpContext.Current IsNot Nothing AndAlso HttpContext.Current.Session IsNot Nothing Then HttpContext.Current.Session.Clear() End If ' User will now be sent to the 500 error page (by the CustomError setting in web.config) End Sub When I run a debug, I can see the session being cleared, but then on the next page the session is back again! I eventually found a reference that suggests that changes to session will not be saved unless Server.ClearError is called. Unfortunately, if I add this (just below the line that sets "ex") then the CustomErrors redirect doesn't seem to kick in and I'm left with a blank page? Is there a way around this?

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• Apache's htcacheclean doesn't scale: How to tame a huge Apache disk_cache?

  - by flight

  We have an Apache setup with a huge disk_cache (500.000 entries, 50 GB disk space used). The cache grows by 16 GB every day. My problem is that the cache seems to be growing nearly as fast as it's possible to remove files and directories from the cache filesystem! The cache partition is an ext3 filesystem (100GB, "-t news") on an iSCSI storage. The Apache server (which acts as a caching proxy) is a VM. The disk_cache is configured with CacheDirLevels=2 and CacheDirLength=1, and includes variants. A typical file path is "/htcache/B/x/i_iGfmmHhxJRheg8NHcQ.header.vary/A/W/oGX3MAV3q0bWl30YmA_A.header". When I try to call htcacheclean to tame the cache (non-daemon mode, "htcacheclean-t -p/htcache -l15G"), IOwait is going through the roof for several hours. Without any visible action. Only after hours, htcacheclean starts to delete files from the cache partition, which takes a couple more hours. (A similar problem was brought up in the Apache mailing list in 2009, without a solution: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg42683.html) The high IOwait leads to problems with the stability of the web server (the bridge to the Tomcat backend server sometimes stalls). I came up with my own prune script, which removes files and directories from random subdirectories of the cache. Only to find that the deletion rate of the script is just slightly higher than the cache growth rate. The script takes ~10 seconds to read the a subdirectory (e.g. /htcache/B/x) and frees some 5 MB of disk space. In this 10 seconds, the cache has grown by another 2 MB. As with htcacheclean, IOwait goes up to 25% when running the prune script continuously. Any idea? Is this a problem specific to the (rather slow) iSCSI storage? Should I choose a different file system for a huge disk_cache? ext2? ext4? Are there any kernel parameter optimizations for this kind of scenario? (I already tried the deadline scheduler and a smaller read_ahead_kb, without effect).

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• Custom authentication module inheriting IHttpModule issue.

  - by Chandan Khatwani

  LoginPage.aspx:- protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Context.Items["Username"] = txtUserId.Text; Context.Items["Password"] = txtPassword.Text; // FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(1, Context.Items["Username"].ToString(), DateTime.Now, DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(10), true, "users", FormsAuthentication.FormsCookiePath); // Encrypt the cookie using the machine key for secure transport string hash = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket); HttpCookie cookie = new HttpCookie( FormsAuthentication.FormsCookieName, // Name of auth cookie hash); // Hashed ticket // Set the cookie's expiration time to the tickets expiration time if (ticket.IsPersistent) cookie.Expires = ticket.Expiration; Response.Cookies.Add(cookie); Response.Redirect("Default.aspx"); } Global.asax file:- void Application_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (HttpContext.Current.User != null) { if (HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { if (HttpContext.Current.User.Identity is FormsIdentity) { FormsIdentity id = (FormsIdentity)HttpContext.Current.User.Identity; FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket = id.Ticket; // Get the stored user-data, in this case, our roles string userData = ticket.UserData; string[] roles = userData.Split(','); HttpContext.Current.User = new System.Security.Principal.GenericPrincipal(id, roles); Response.Write(HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name); Response.Redirect("Default.aspx"); } } } } I get the following error after signing in This webpage has a redirect loop. The webpage at http://localhost:1067/Default.aspx has resulted in too many redirects. Clearing your cookies for this site or allowing third-party cookies may fix the problem. If not, it is possibly a server configuration issue and not a problem with your computer.

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• NEC uPD720200 USB 3.0 not working on Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Jagged

  I've recently installed Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit on a HP Envy 15 1104tx. Most stuff appears to be working fine with the exception of the two USB3 ports (USB2 port works fine). I've read a lot of articles but so far have not been able to find a solution. I've tried adding 'pci=nomsi' to '/etc/default/grub' but this made no difference. Some articles suggest booting into Windows and upgrading the firmware on the uPD720200. Any body had any experience of this? Is there a way I can checked the firmware version of the NEC uPD720200 in Linux to see if there is an update available? Any help appreciated. uname -a: Linux HP-ENVY-15-1104tx 3.2.0-26-generic #41-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 14 17:49:24 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux lshw: hp-envy-15-1104tx description: Notebook product: HP ENVY 15 Notebook PC (WF591PA#ABG) vendor: Hewlett-Packard version: 0492110000241910001420000 serial: CNF0301C79 width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.6 dmi-2.6 vsyscall32 configuration: boot=normal chassis=notebook family=103C_5335KV sku=WF591PA#ABG uuid=434E4630-3330-3143-3739-60EB6906688F *-core description: Motherboard product: 1522 vendor: Hewlett-Packard physical id: 0 version: 36.35 serial: CNF0301C79 slot: Base Board Chassis Location *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: Hewlett-Packard physical id: 0 version: F.2B date: 10/12/2010 size: 1MiB capacity: 1472KiB capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int9keyboard int10video acpi usb biosbootspecification *-memory description: System Memory physical id: 13 slot: System board or motherboard size: 16GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: 9905428-043.A00LF physical id: 0 serial: E13C4316 slot: Bottom size: 4GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:1 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: 9905428-043.A00LF physical id: 1 serial: E03C3E16 slot: Bottom size: 4GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:2 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: 9905428-043.A00LF physical id: 2 serial: 672279CC slot: On Board size: 4GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:3 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: 9905428-043.A00LF physical id: 3 serial: 652286CC slot: On Board size: 4GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU Q 820 @ 1.73GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 1d bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU Q 820 @ 1.73GHz slot: CPU size: 1199MHz capacity: 1199MHz width: 64 bits clock: 1066MHz capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm ida tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid cpufreq configuration: cores=4 enabledcores=4 threads=8 *-cache:0 description: L3 cache physical id: 1e slot: L3 Cache size: 8MiB capacity: 8MiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through unified *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: 20 slot: L2 Cache size: 256KiB capacity: 256KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through unified *-cache:2 description: L1 cache physical id: 21 slot: L1 Cache size: 32KiB capacity: 32KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through instruction *-cache description: L1 cache physical id: 1f slot: L1 Cache size: 32KiB capacity: 32KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through data *-pci:0 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor DMI vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 11 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: Core Processor PCI Express Root Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 3 bus info: pci@0000:00:03.0 version: 11 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci msi pciexpress pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:16 ioport:4000(size=4096) memory:d4100000-d41fffff ioport:c0000000(size=268435456) *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: Broadway PRO [Mobility Radeon HD 5800 Series] vendor: Hynix Semiconductor (Hyundai Electronics) physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=fglrx_pci latency=0 resources: irq:58 memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d4100000-d411ffff ioport:4000(size=256) memory:d4140000-d415ffff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: Juniper HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 5700 Series] vendor: Hynix Semiconductor (Hyundai Electronics) physical id: 0.1 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.1 version: 00 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm pciexpress msi bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:56 memory:d4120000-d4123fff *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: Core Processor PCI Express Root Port 3 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 5 bus info: pci@0000:00:05.0 version: 11 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci msi pciexpress pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:16 memory:d4000000-d40fffff *-usb description: USB controller product: uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller vendor: NEC Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 version: 03 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi msix pciexpress xhci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=xhci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:d4000000-d4001fff *-generic:0 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Core Processor System Management Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 8 bus info: pci@0000:00:08.0 version: 11 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pciexpress cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-generic:1 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Core Processor Semaphore and Scratchpad Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 8.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:08.1 version: 11 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pciexpress cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-generic:2 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Core Processor System Control and Status Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 8.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:08.2 version: 11 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pciexpress cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-generic:3 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Core Processor Miscellaneous Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 8.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:08.3 version: 11 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 *-generic:4 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Core Processor QPI Link vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 10 bus info: pci@0000:00:10.0 version: 11 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 *-generic:5 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Core Processor QPI Routing and Protocol Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 10.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:10.1 version: 11 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 *-multimedia description: Audio device product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 05 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:55 memory:d4200000-d4203fff *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:17 ioport:3000(size=4096) memory:d3000000-d3ffffff ioport:d0000000(size=16777216) *-network description: Wireless interface product: Centrino Advanced-N 6200 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: wlan0 version: 35 serial: 00:27:10:40:e4:68 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=3.2.0-26-generic firmware=9.221.4.1 build 25532 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abgn resources: irq:54 memory:d3000000-d3001fff *-pci:3 description: PCI bridge product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:16 ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:d2000000-d2ffffff ioport:d1000000(size=16777216) *-network description: Ethernet interface product: AR8131 Gigabit Ethernet vendor: Atheros Communications Inc. physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: c0 serial: 60:eb:69:06:68:8f size: 1Gbit/s capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vpd bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=atl1c driverversion=1.0.1.0-NAPI duplex=full firmware=N/A ip=10.161.0.147 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=1Gbit/s resources: irq:57 memory:d2000000-d203ffff ioport:2000(size=128) *-usb description: USB controller product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:20 memory:d4205800-d4205bff *-pci:4 description: PCI bridge product: 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1e bus info: pci@0000:00:1e.0 version: a5 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci subtractive_decode bus_master cap_list *-isa description: ISA bridge product: Mobile 5 Series Chipset LPC Interface Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-storage description: RAID bus controller product: 82801 Mobile SATA Controller [RAID mode] vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 logical name: scsi0 version: 05 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage msi pm bus_master cap_list emulated configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 resources: irq:45 ioport:5048(size=8) ioport:5054(size=4) ioport:5040(size=8) ioport:5050(size=4) ioport:5020(size=32) memory:d4205000-d42057ff *-disk description: ATA Disk product: OCZ-VERTEX3 physical id: 0.0.0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 2.15 serial: OCZ-0350P6H316X5KUQE size: 223GiB (240GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=000592dd *-volume:0 description: EXT4 volume vendor: Linux physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 logical name: / version: 1.0 serial: e741f18c-cfc5-4bce-b1e7-f80e517a3a22 size: 207GiB capacity: 207GiB capabilities: primary bootable journaled extended_attributes large_files huge_files dir_nlink recover extents ext4 ext2 initialized configuration: created=2012-06-15 06:49:27 filesystem=ext4 lastmountpoint=/ modified=2012-06-14 21:23:42 mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered mounted=2012-07-10 16:18:20 state=mounted *-volume:1 description: Extended partition physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 size: 15GiB capacity: 15GiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 15GiB capabilities: nofs *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 05 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d4205c00-d4205cff ioport:5000(size=32) *-pci:1 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor QuickPath Architecture Generic Non-Core Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 101 bus info: pci@0000:ff:00.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:2 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor QuickPath Architecture System Address Decoder vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 102 bus info: pci@0000:ff:00.1 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:3 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor QPI Link 0 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 103 bus info: pci@0000:ff:02.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:4 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor QPI Physical 0 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 104 bus info: pci@0000:ff:02.1 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:5 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 105 bus info: pci@0000:ff:03.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:6 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Target Address Decoder vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 106 bus info: pci@0000:ff:03.1 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:7 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Test Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 107 bus info: pci@0000:ff:03.4 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:8 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0 Control Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 108 bus info: pci@0000:ff:04.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:9 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0 Address Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 109 bus info: pci@0000:ff:04.1 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:10 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0 Rank Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 10a bus info: pci@0000:ff:04.2 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:11 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Channel 0 Thermal Control Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 10b bus info: pci@0000:ff:04.3 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:12 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Channel 1 Control Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 10c bus info: pci@0000:ff:05.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:13 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Channel 1 Address Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 10d bus info: pci@0000:ff:05.1 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:14 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Channel 1 Rank Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 10e bus info: pci@0000:ff:05.2 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-pci:15 description: Host bridge product: Core Processor Integrated Memory Controller Channel 1 Thermal Control Registers vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 10f bus info: pci@0000:ff:05.3 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz *-battery description: Lithium Ion Battery product: NK06053 vendor: SMP-ATL24 physical id: 1 slot: Primary capacity: 4800mWh configuration: voltage=11.1V lspci: 02:00.0 USB controller: NEC Corporation uPD720200 USB 3.0 Host Controller (rev 03) (prog-if 30 [XHCI]) Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 1522 Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 16 Memory at d4000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=8K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [70] MSI: Enable- Count=1/8 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: [90] MSI-X: Enable+ Count=8 Masked- Capabilities: [a0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff Capabilities: [150] Latency Tolerance Reporting Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd lsusb (with thumb drive plugged into USB3 port): Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 003: ID 5986:01d0 Acer, Inc Bus 001 Device 004: ID 03f0:231d Hewlett-Packard

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• Drivers for NVIDIA 520M not working in Ubuntu 12.04

  - by Don

  I am aware that this is nominally a duplicate question, however I've read the other questions and haven't been able to resolve my problem after many hours and attempts, so please don't delete it. Additionally, it seems like many answers to the other questions are specifically dependent on certain situations. My situation being different from the others I found represented, here's my question. Until last night, I had Ubuntu 12.04 installed with Wubi, and it ran ok, though slowly and with occasional hangs. So I partitioned the drive and installed 12.04 in its own partition. Now when I start it, I am stuck using 2D. I believe this is an NVIDIA bug. My NVIDIA card is a GT 520M and my machine has Optimus. Additional Drivers only displays my wireless driver. Going to System Settings Details Graphics shows Driver:Unknown, Experience:Standard. I downloaded the driver from the NVIDIA website, and ran the installer with no errors, except that the "distribution-provided pre-install script failed". After rebooting, my screen was stuck at 640X480, which was fixed by editing /etc/X11/xorg.conf However, I still was stuck in 2D, and nothing else had changed either. A thread suggested something called Bumblebee. I tried that, and when I ran optirun firefoxI got a frozen blank screen. Following another suggestion, I checked the BIOS to try and disable Optimus. I found and ran myriad other commands to try and fix the problem and nothing changed. Now I have just done a clean re-install of Ubuntu. From there, I: Installed all the updates Downloaded the NVIDIA driver Installed it Got screen stuck at 640X480, fixed in xorg.conf. To recap the problem: I can't get the NVIDIA drivers working I am stuck using 2D I'm an idiot I think if the first one is solved, the solution to the second will naturally follow. If you need me to provide any other information, I'd be happy to. From what I've seen in other threads, I think this information may help: lsmod: dh@donsMachine:~$ lsmod Module Size Used by nvidia 12353161 0 snd_hda_codec_hdmi 32474 1 snd_hda_codec_realtek 223867 1 joydev 17693 0 parport_pc 32866 0 ppdev 17113 0 rfcomm 47604 0 bnep 18281 2 bluetooth 180104 10 rfcomm,bnep snd_hda_intel 33773 3 snd_hda_codec 127706 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel snd_hwdep 13668 1 snd_hda_codec snd_pcm 97188 3 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec uvcvideo 72627 0 videodev 98259 1 uvcvideo v4l2_compat_ioctl32 17128 1 videodev snd_seq_midi 13324 0 snd_rawmidi 30748 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event 14899 1 snd_seq_midi snd_seq 61896 2 snd_seq_midi,snd_seq_midi_event lib80211_crypt_tkip 17390 0 wl 2568210 0 lib80211 14381 2 lib80211_crypt_tkip,wl snd_timer 29990 2 snd_pcm,snd_seq snd_seq_device 14540 3 snd_seq_midi,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq snd 78855 16 snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi,snd_seq,snd_timer,snd_seq_device psmouse 87692 0 serio_raw 13211 0 i915 468745 2 soundcore 15091 1 snd snd_page_alloc 18529 2 snd_hda_intel,snd_pcm drm_kms_helper 46978 1 i915 drm 242038 3 i915,drm_kms_helper mei 41616 0 i2c_algo_bit 13423 1 i915 mxm_wmi 12979 0 acer_wmi 28418 0 sparse_keymap 13890 1 acer_wmi video 19596 1 i915 wmi 19256 2 mxm_wmi,acer_wmi mac_hid 13253 0 lp 17799 0 parport 46562 3 parport_pc,ppdev,lp tg3 152032 0 sdhci_pci 18826 0 sdhci 33205 1 sdhci_pci lspci -nn | grep VGA dh@donsMachine:~$ lspci -nn | grep VGA 00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:0116] (rev 09) 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:0df7] (rev a1) lshw dh@donsMachine:~$ sudo lshw [sudo] password for dh: donsmachine description: Notebook product: EasyNote TS44HR () vendor: Packard Bell version: V1.12 serial: LXBWZ02017134209D71601 width: 64 bits capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 vsyscall32 configuration: boot=normal chassis=notebook uuid=16FE576B-CA15-11E0-B096-B870F4E51243 *-core description: Motherboard product: SJV50_HR vendor: Packard Bell physical id: 0 version: Base Board Version serial: Base Board Serial Number slot: Base Board Chassis Location *-firmware description: BIOS vendor: Packard Bell physical id: 0 version: V1.12 date: 07/11/2011 size: 1MiB capacity: 2496KiB capabilities: pci upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect edd int13floppynec int13floppytoshiba int13floppy360 int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int9keyboard int10video acpi usb biosbootspecification *-memory description: System Memory physical id: 1b slot: System board or motherboard size: 4GiB *-bank:0 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: NT2GC64B88B0NS-CG vendor: Nanya Technology physical id: 0 serial: 598E126E slot: ChannelA-DIMM0 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:1 description: DIMM [empty] physical id: 1 slot: ChannelA-DIMM1 *-bank:2 description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns) product: NT2GC64B88B0NS-CG vendor: Nanya Technology physical id: 2 serial: 159E126C slot: ChannelB-DIMM0 size: 2GiB width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns) *-bank:3 description: DIMM [empty] physical id: 3 slot: ChannelB-DIMM1 *-cpu description: CPU product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2330M CPU @ 2.20GHz vendor: Intel Corp. physical id: 2e bus info: cpu@0 version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-2330M CPU @ 2.20GHz slot: CPU1 size: 2GHz capacity: 4GHz width: 64 bits clock: 1333MHz capabilities: x86-64 fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer xsave avx lahf_lm arat epb xsaveopt pln pts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid cpufreq configuration: cores=2 enabledcores=2 threads=4 *-cache:0 description: L1 cache physical id: 30 slot: L1 Cache size: 32KiB capacity: 32KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through instruction *-cache:1 description: L2 cache physical id: 31 slot: L2 Cache size: 256KiB capacity: 256KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through unified *-cache:2 description: L3 cache physical id: 32 slot: L3 Cache size: 3MiB capacity: 3MiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through unified *-cache description: L1 cache physical id: 2f slot: L1 Cache size: 32KiB capacity: 32KiB capabilities: synchronous internal write-through data *-pci description: Host bridge product: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 100 bus info: pci@0000:00:00.0 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: driver=agpgart-intel resources: irq:0 *-pci:0 description: PCI bridge product: Xeon E3-1200/2nd Generation Core Processor Family PCI Express Root Port vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1 bus info: pci@0000:00:01.0 version: 09 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pm msi pciexpress normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:40 ioport:2000(size=4096) memory:d0000000-d10fffff ioport:a0000000(size=301989888) *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: NVIDIA Corporation vendor: NVIDIA Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0 version: a1 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:d0000000-d0ffffff memory:a0000000-afffffff memory:b0000000-b1ffffff ioport:2000(size=128) memory:d1000000-d107ffff *-display description: VGA compatible controller product: 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 09 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:43 memory:d1400000-d17fffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff ioport:3000(size=64) *-communication description: Communication controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 16 bus info: pci@0000:00:16.0 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=mei latency=0 resources: irq:42 memory:d1a04000-d1a0400f *-usb:0 description: USB controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1a bus info: pci@0000:00:1a.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:16 memory:d1a0a000-d1a0a3ff *-multimedia description: Audio device product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1b bus info: pci@0000:00:1b.0 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=snd_hda_intel latency=0 resources: irq:44 memory:d1a00000-d1a03fff *-pci:1 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.0 version: b4 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:17 memory:9fb00000-9fbfffff ioport:d1800000(size=1048576) *-network description: Ethernet interface product: NetLink BCM57785 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0 logical name: eth0 version: 10 serial: b8:70:f4:e5:12:43 capacity: 1Gbit/s width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi msix pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt 1000bt-fd autonegotiation configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=tg3 driverversion=3.121 firmware=sb latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=twisted pair resources: irq:16 memory:d1830000-d183ffff memory:d1840000-d184ffff memory:d1850000-d18507ff *-generic:0 description: SD Host controller product: NetXtreme BCM57765 Memory Card Reader vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0.1 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.1 version: 10 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=sdhci-pci latency=0 resources: irq:17 memory:d1800000-d180ffff *-generic:1 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Broadcom Corporation vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0.2 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.2 version: 10 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d1810000-d181ffff *-generic:2 UNCLAIMED description: System peripheral product: Broadcom Corporation vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0.3 bus info: pci@0000:02:00.3 version: 10 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d1820000-d182ffff *-pci:2 description: PCI bridge product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1c.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:1c.1 version: b4 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pci pciexpress msi pm normal_decode bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=pcieport resources: irq:16 memory:d1900000-d19fffff *-network description: Wireless interface product: BCM43225 802.11b/g/n vendor: Broadcom Corporation physical id: 0 bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0 logical name: eth1 version: 01 serial: 68:a3:c4:44:81:96 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=5.100.82.38 ip=192.168.0.12 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn resources: irq:17 memory:d1900000-d1903fff *-usb:1 description: USB controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1d bus info: pci@0000:00:1d.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm debug ehci bus_master cap_list configuration: driver=ehci_hcd latency=0 resources: irq:23 memory:d1a09000-d1a093ff *-isa description: ISA bridge product: HM65 Express Chipset Family LPC Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.0 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: isa bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 *-storage description: SATA controller product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port SATA AHCI Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.2 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.2 logical name: scsi0 logical name: scsi1 version: 04 width: 32 bits clock: 66MHz capabilities: storage msi pm ahci_1.0 bus_master cap_list emulated configuration: driver=ahci latency=0 resources: irq:41 ioport:3098(size=8) ioport:30bc(size=4) ioport:3090(size=8) ioport:30b8(size=4) ioport:3060(size=32) memory:d1a08000-d1a087ff *-disk description: ATA Disk product: ST9500325AS vendor: Seagate physical id: 0 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/sda version: 0001 serial: S2W1AMSX size: 465GiB (500GB) capabilities: partitioned partitioned:dos configuration: ansiversion=5 signature=a45f21e9 *-volume:0 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,1 logical name: /dev/sda1 version: 3.1 serial: 46aa-2a25 size: 19GiB capacity: 20GiB capabilities: primary ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2011-08-25 21:32:00 filesystem=ntfs label=PQSERVICE state=clean *-volume:1 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 2 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,2 logical name: /dev/sda2 version: 3.1 serial: 10aa-ad1a size: 98MiB capacity: 100MiB capabilities: primary bootable ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2011-08-25 21:32:03 filesystem=ntfs label=SYSTEM RESERVED state=clean *-volume:2 description: Windows NTFS volume physical id: 3 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,3 logical name: /dev/sda3 version: 3.1 serial: 668c5afc-182e-ff4b-b084-3cc09f54972d size: 395GiB capacity: 395GiB capabilities: primary ntfs initialized configuration: clustersize=4096 created=2011-08-25 21:32:03 filesystem=ntfs label=Don's Machine state=clean *-volume:3 description: Extended partition physical id: 4 bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0,4 logical name: /dev/sda4 size: 49GiB capacity: 49GiB capabilities: primary extended partitioned partitioned:extended *-logicalvolume:0 description: Linux swap / Solaris partition physical id: 5 logical name: /dev/sda5 capacity: 3945MiB capabilities: nofs *-logicalvolume:1 description: Linux filesystem partition physical id: 6 logical name: /dev/sda6 logical name: / capacity: 46GiB configuration: mount.fstype=ext4 mount.options=rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro,user_xattr,barrier=1,data=ordered state=mounted *-cdrom description: DVD-RAM writer product: DVD-RW DVRTD11RS vendor: PIONEER physical id: 1 bus info: scsi@1:0.0.0 logical name: /dev/cdrom logical name: /dev/cdrw logical name: /dev/dvd logical name: /dev/dvdrw logical name: /dev/sr0 version: 1.01 capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc *-serial UNCLAIMED description: SMBus product: 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 1f.3 bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.3 version: 04 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:d1a06000-d1a060ff ioport:3040(size=32) *-power UNCLAIMED description: OEM_Define1 product: OEM_Define5 vendor: OEM_Define2 physical id: 1 version: OEM_Define6 serial: OEM_Define3 capacity: 75mWh *-battery description: Lithium Ion Battery product: CRB Battery 0 vendor: -Virtual Battery 0- physical id: 2 version: 10/12/2007 serial: Battery 0 slot: Fake

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• Error when I try to installth desktop integration features for Openoffice

  - by PENG TENG

  peng@peng-ThinkPad-SL410:~$ cd '/home/peng/Downloads/en-US/DEBS/desktop-integration' peng@peng-ThinkPad-SL410:~/Downloads/en-US/DEBS/desktop-integration$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb (Reading database ... 357248 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking openoffice.org-debian-menus (from openoffice.org3.4-debian-menus_3.4-9593_all.deb) ... dpkg: error processing openoffice.org3.4-debian-menus_3.4-9593_all.deb (--install): trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/soffice', which is also in package libreoffice-common 1:3.6.2~rc2-0ubuntu3 /usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache gtk-update-icon-cache: Cache file created successfully. /usr/bin/gtk-update-icon-cache gtk-update-icon-cache: Cache file created successfully. Processing triggers for menu ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme ... Processing triggers for gnome-icon-theme ... Processing triggers for shared-mime-info ... Unknown media type in type 'all/all' Unknown media type in type 'all/allfiles' Unknown media type in type 'uri/mms' Unknown media type in type 'uri/mmst' Unknown media type in type 'uri/mmsu' Unknown media type in type 'uri/pnm' Unknown media type in type 'uri/rtspt' Unknown media type in type 'uri/rtspu' Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ... Errors were encountered while processing: openoffice.org3.4-debian-menus_3.4-9593_all.deb Can anyone solve the problem?

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• Inside the DLR – Invoking methods

  - by Simon Cooper

  So, we’ve looked at how a dynamic call is represented in a compiled assembly, and how the dynamic lookup is performed at runtime. The last piece of the puzzle is how the resolved method gets invoked, and that is the subject of this post. Invoking methods As discussed in my previous posts, doing a full lookup and bind at runtime each and every single time the callsite gets invoked would be far too slow to be usable. The results obtained from the callsite binder must to be cached, along with a series of conditions to determine whether the cached result can be reused. So, firstly, how are the conditions represented? These conditions can be anything; they are determined entirely by the semantics of the language the binder is representing. The binder has to be able to return arbitary code that is then executed to determine whether the conditions apply or not. Fortunately, .NET 4 has a neat way of representing arbitary code that can be easily combined with other code – expression trees. All the callsite binder has to return is an expression (called a ‘restriction’) that evaluates to a boolean, returning true when the restriction passes (indicating the corresponding method invocation can be used) and false when it does’t. If the bind result is also represented in an expression tree, these can be combined easily like so: if ([restriction is true]) { [invoke cached method] } Take my example from my previous post: public class ClassA { public static void TestDynamic() { CallDynamic(new ClassA(), 10); CallDynamic(new ClassA(), "foo"); } public static void CallDynamic(dynamic d, object o) { d.Method(o); } public void Method(int i) {} public void Method(string s) {} } When the Method(int) method is first bound, along with an expression representing the result of the bind lookup, the C# binder will return the restrictions under which that bind can be reused. In this case, it can be reused if the types of the parameters are the same: if (thisArg.GetType() == typeof(ClassA) && arg1.GetType() == typeof(int)) { thisClassA.Method(i); } Caching callsite results So, now, it’s up to the callsite to link these expressions returned from the binder together in such a way that it can determine which one from the many it has cached it should use. This caching logic is all located in the System.Dynamic.UpdateDelegates class. It’ll help if you’ve got this type open in a decompiler to have a look yourself. For each callsite, there are 3 layers of caching involved: The last method invoked on the callsite. All methods that have ever been invoked on the callsite. All methods that have ever been invoked on any callsite of the same type. We’ll cover each of these layers in order Level 1 cache: the last method called on the callsite When a CallSite<T> object is first instantiated, the Target delegate field (containing the delegate that is called when the callsite is invoked) is set to one of the UpdateAndExecute generic methods in UpdateDelegates, corresponding to the number of parameters to the callsite, and the existance of any return value. These methods contain most of the caching, invoke, and binding logic for the callsite. The first time this method is invoked, the UpdateAndExecute method finds there aren’t any entries in the caches to reuse, and invokes the binder to resolve a new method. Once the callsite has the result from the binder, along with any restrictions, it stitches some extra expressions in, and replaces the Target field in the callsite with a compiled expression tree similar to this (in this example I’m assuming there’s no return value): if ([restriction is true]) { [invoke cached method] return; } if (callSite._match) { _match = false; return; } else { UpdateAndExecute(callSite, arg0, arg1, ...); } Woah. What’s going on here? Well, this resulting expression tree is actually the first level of caching. The Target field in the callsite, which contains the delegate to call when the callsite is invoked, is set to the above code compiled from the expression tree into IL, and then into native code by the JIT. This code checks whether the restrictions of the last method that was invoked on the callsite (the ‘primary’ method) match, and if so, executes that method straight away. This means that, the next time the callsite is invoked, the first code that executes is the restriction check, executing as native code! This makes this restriction check on the primary cached delegate very fast. But what if the restrictions don’t match? In that case, the second part of the stitched expression tree is executed. What this section should be doing is calling back into the UpdateAndExecute method again to resolve a new method. But it’s slightly more complicated than that. To understand why, we need to understand the second and third level caches. Level 2 cache: all methods that have ever been invoked on the callsite When a binder has returned the result of a lookup, as well as updating the Target field with a compiled expression tree, stitched together as above, the callsite puts the same compiled expression tree in an internal list of delegates, called the rules list. This list acts as the level 2 cache. Why use the same delegate? Stitching together expression trees is an expensive operation. You don’t want to do it every time the callsite is invoked. Ideally, you would create one expression tree from the binder’s result, compile it, and then use the resulting delegate everywhere in the callsite. But, if the same delegate is used to invoke the callsite in the first place, and in the caches, that means each delegate needs two modes of operation. An ‘invoke’ mode, for when the delegate is set as the value of the Target field, and a ‘match’ mode, used when UpdateAndExecute is searching for a method in the callsite’s cache. Only in the invoke mode would the delegate call back into UpdateAndExecute. In match mode, it would simply return without doing anything. This mode is controlled by the _match field in CallSite<T>. The first time the callsite is invoked, _match is false, and so the Target delegate is called in invoke mode. Then, if the initial restriction check fails, the Target delegate calls back into UpdateAndExecute. This method sets _match to true, then calls all the cached delegates in the rules list in match mode to try and find one that passes its restrictions, and invokes it. However, there needs to be some way for each cached delegate to inform UpdateAndExecute whether it passed its restrictions or not. To do this, as you can see above, it simply re-uses _match, and sets it to false if it did not pass the restrictions. This allows the code within each UpdateAndExecute method to check for cache matches like so: foreach (T cachedDelegate in Rules) { callSite._match = true; cachedDelegate(); // sets _match to false if restrictions do not pass if (callSite._match) { // passed restrictions, and the cached method was invoked // set this delegate as the primary target to invoke next time callSite.Target = cachedDelegate; return; } // no luck, try the next one... } Level 3 cache: all methods that have ever been invoked on any callsite with the same signature The reason for this cache should be clear – if a method has been invoked through a callsite in one place, then it is likely to be invoked on other callsites in the codebase with the same signature. Rather than living in the callsite, the ‘global’ cache for callsite delegates lives in the CallSiteBinder class, in the Cache field. This is a dictionary, typed on the callsite delegate signature, providing a RuleCache<T> instance for each delegate signature. This is accessed in the same way as the level 2 callsite cache, by the UpdateAndExecute methods. When a method is matched in the global cache, it is copied into the callsite and Target cache before being executed. Putting it all together So, how does this all fit together? Like so (I’ve omitted some implementation & performance details): That, in essence, is how the DLR performs its dynamic calls nearly as fast as statically compiled IL code. Extensive use of expression trees, compiled to IL and then into native code. Multiple levels of caching, the first of which executes immediately when the dynamic callsite is invoked. And a clever re-use of compiled expression trees that can be used in completely different contexts without being recompiled. All in all, a very fast and very clever reflection caching mechanism.

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• Web Apps vs Web Services: 302s and 401s are not always good Friends

  - by Your DisplayName here!

  It is not very uncommon to have web sites that have web UX and services content. The UX part maybe uses WS-Federation (or some other redirect based mechanism). That means whenever an authorization error occurs (401 status code), this is picked by the corresponding redirect module and turned into a redirect (302) to the login page. All is good. But in services, when you emit a 401, you typically want that status code to travel back to the client agent, so it can do error handling. These two approaches conflict. If you think (like me) that you should separate UX and services into separate apps, you don’t need to read on. Just do it ;) If you need to mix both mechanisms in a single app – here’s how I solved it for a project. I sub classed the redirect module – this was in my case the WIF WS-Federation HTTP module and modified the OnAuthorizationFailed method. In there I check for a special HttpContext item, and if that is present, I suppress the redirect. Otherwise everything works as normal: class ServiceAwareWSFederationAuthenticationModule : WSFederationAuthenticationModule {     protected override void OnAuthorizationFailed(AuthorizationFailedEventArgs e)     {         base.OnAuthorizationFailed(e);         var isService = HttpContext.Current.Items[AdvertiseWcfInHttpPipelineBehavior.DefaultLabel];         if (isService != null)         {             e.RedirectToIdentityProvider = false;         }     } } Now the question is, how do you smuggle that value into the HttpContext. If it is a MVC based web service, that’s easy of course. In the case of WCF, one approach that worked for me was to set it in a service behavior (dispatch message inspector to be exact): public void BeforeSendReply( ref Message reply, object correlationState) {     if (HttpContext.Current != null)     {         HttpContext.Current.Items[DefaultLabel] = true;     } } HTH

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• How to cache authentication in Linux using PAM/Kerberos authentication (for CVS)?

  - by Calonthar

  We have several Linux servers that authenticate Linux user passwords on our Windows Active Directory Server using PAM and Kerberos 5. The Linux distro we use is CentOS 6. On one system, we have several Version Control Systems like CVS and Subversion, both of which authenticate users throug PAM, such that users can use their normal Unix resp. Windows AD accounts. Since we started using Kerberos for password authentication, we experienced that CVS on a client machine is often much slower in establishing a connection. CVS authenticates the user on every request (eg. cvs diff, log, update...). Is is possible to cache the credentials that kerberos uses, sucht that is does not need to ask the Windows AD server every time a user executes a cvs action? Our PAM config /etc/pam.d/system-auth looks like the following: auth required pam_env.so auth sufficient pam_unix.so nullok try_first_pass auth requisite pam_succeed_if.so uid >= 500 quiet auth sufficient pam_krb5.so use_first_pass auth required pam_deny.so account required pam_unix.so broken_shadow account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid < 500 quiet account [default=bad success=ok user_unknown=ignore] pam_krb5.so account required pam_permit.so password requisite pam_cracklib.so try_first_pass retry=3 password sufficient pam_unix.so md5 shadow nullok try_first_pass use_authtok password sufficient pam_krb5.so use_authtok password required pam_deny.so session optional pam_keyinit.so revoke session required pam_limits.so session [success=1 default=ignore] pam_succeed_if.so service in crond quiet use_uid session required pam_unix.so session optional pam_krb5.so

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• Strange issue ! Local network cache of PHP and Apache2 on Win Server 2008 R2

  - by Ahmed Benlahsen

  Software configuration : I have a new Server with windows server 2008 R2 installed via VMWare. I have installed Apache2.2, PHP5.2 and MySQL5.5 as separated packages. Issue : On my first installation of my application all works great. When I updated some JS and CSS files then I access to my application again from a PC on local network I get the old JS and CSS versions! But when I access to the same application on local server I got the latest versions of those files! Link of my application on local server is : http://localhost/BADIL Link of my application from local network is : http://LOCAL_SERVER_IP/BADIL I never had this kind of issue! I think that there are some cache but I don't know where! Maybe on Win Server 2008 R2 or on VMWare ! The question is : Why when I access to my application on the server all works fine, but when I access to the same application from a local network I have the old version of JS and CSS files?? Any one can help me please?! Regards.

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• How do I get yum to see updates to a local repo without cleaning cache?

  - by Matt

  I have set up a local yum repository which I use to install test builds. For the testing purposes, my packages are versioned by <svn version number>.<date>.<time> (e.g. 12345.20110908.150404 The trouble is, once I make a new RPM, copy it to the repository directory and run createrepo $REPO_DIR, yum does not see the new RPM as being available. $ cd $REPO_DIR $ ls -1 repodata package-12345.20110908.150404-1.x86_64.rpm package-12345.20110908.174329-1.x86_64.rpm $ createrepo . # ...snip... $ rpm -q package package-12345.20110908.150404-1.x86_64 $ yum list --showduplicates package Installed Packages package.x86_64 12345.20110908.150404-1 @repo Available Packages package.x86_64 12345.20110908.150404-1 repo I can see the updates and grab them if I run yum clean all and then re-fetch the metadata, but I think this just means I need to be doing something else from the repo, as I don't have to do that for other yum repos. How do I need to set up my local repository so that I only need to run yum update from the client without having to clean my yum cache?

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• Non-volatile cache RAID controllers: what kind of protection is there against NVCACHE failure?

  - by astrostl

  The battery back-up (BBU) model: admin enables write-back cache with BBU writes are cached to the RAID controller's RAM (major performance benefit) the battery saves uncommitted and cached data in the event of a power loss (reliability) If I lose power and come back within a day or so, my data should be both complete and uncorrupted. The downside to this is that, if the battery is dead or low, OR EVEN IF IT IS IN A RELEARN CYCLE (drain/charge loops to ensure the battery's health), the controller reverts to write-through mode and performance will suffer. What's more, the relearn cycles are usually automated on a schedule which may or may not happen in the middle of big traffic. So, that has to be manually disabled and manually scheduled for off-hours if it's a concern. Annoying either way. NV caches have capacitors with a sufficient charge to commit any uncommitted-to-disk data to flash. Not only is that more survivable in longer loss situations, but you don't have to concern yourself with battery death, wear-out, or relearning. All of that sounds great to me. What doesn't sound great to me is the prospect of that flash module having an issue, though. What if it's completely hosed? What if it's only partially hosed? A bit corrupted at the edges? Relearn cycles can tell when something like a simple battery is failing, but is there a similar process to verify that the flash is functional? I'm just far more trusting of a battery, warts and all. I know the card's RAM can fail, the card itself can fail - that's common territory, though. In case you didn't guess, yeah, I've experienced a shocking-to-me amount of flash/SSD/etc. failure :)

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• Manually filling opcode cache for entire app using apc_compile_file, then switching to new release.

  - by Ben

  Does anyone have a great system, or any ideas, for doing as the title says? I want to switch production version of web app-- written in PHP and served by Apache-- from release 1234 to release 1235, but before that happens, have all files already in the opcode cache (APC). Then after the switch, remove the old cache entries for files from release 1234. As far as I can think of there are three easy ways of atomically switching from one version to the next. Have a symbolic link, for example /live, that is always the document root but is changed to point from one version to the next. Similarly, have a directory /live that is always the document root, but use mv live oldversion && mv newversion live to switch to new version. Edit apache configuration to change the document root to newversion, then restart apache. I think it is preferable not to have to do 3, but I can't think of anyway to precompile all php files AND use 1 or 2 to switch release. So can someone either convince me its okay to rely on option 3, or tell me how to work with 1 or 2, or reveal some other option I am not thinking of?

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• Does IE completely ignore cache control headers for AJAX requests?

  - by Joshua Hayworth

  Hello there, I've got, what I would consider, a simple test web site. A single page with a single button. Here is a copy of the source I'm working with if you would like to download it and play with it. When that button is clicked, it creates a JavaScript timer that executes once a second. When the timer function is executed, An AJAX call is made to retrieve a text value. That text value is then placed into the DOM. What's my problem? IE Caching. Crack open Task Manager and watch what happens to the iexplorer.exe process (IE 8.0.7600.16385 for me) while the timer in that page is executing. See the memory and handle count getting larger? Why is that happening when, by all accounts, I have caching turned off. I've got the jQuery cache option set to false in $.ajaxSetup. I've got the CacheControl header set to no-cache and no-store. The Expires header is set to DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1). The headers are set in both the page code-behind as well as the HTTP Handler's response. Anybody got any ideas as to how I could prevent IE from caching the results of the AJAX call? Here is what the iexplorer.exe process looks like in ProcessMonitor. I believe that the activity shown in this picture is exactly what I'm attempting to prevent.

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• Squid proxy not serving modified html content

  - by Matthew

  I'm trying to use squid to modify the page content of web page requests. I followed the upside-down-ternet tutorial which showed instructions for how to flip images on pages. I need to change the actual html of the page. I've been trying to do the same thing as in the tutorial, but instead of editing the image I'm trying to edit the html page. Below is a php script I'm using to try to do it. All jpg images get flipped, but the content on the page does not get edited. The edited index.html files written contain the edited content, but the pages the users receive don't contain the edited content. #!/usr/bin/php <?php $temp = array(); while ( $input = fgets(STDIN) ) { $micro_time = microtime(); // Split the output (space delimited) from squid into an array. $temp = split(' ', $input); //Flip jpg images, this works correctly if (preg_match("/.*\.jpg/i", $temp[0])) { system("/usr/bin/wget -q -O /var/www/cache/$micro_time.jpg ". $temp[0]); system("/usr/bin/mogrify -flip /var/www/cache/$micro_time.jpg"); echo "http://127.0.0.1/cache/$micro_time.jpg\n"; } //Don't edit files that are obviously not html. $temp[0] contains url of file to get elseif (preg_match("/(jpg|png|gif|css|js|\(|\))/i", $temp[0], $matches)) { echo $input; } //Otherwise, could be html (e.g. `wget http://www.google.com` downloads index.html) else{ $time = time() . microtime(); //For unique directory names $time = preg_replace("/ /", "", $time); //Simplify things by removing the spaces mkdir("/var/www/cache/". $time); //Create unique folder system("/usr/bin/wget -q --directory-prefix=\"/var/www/cache/$time/\" ". $temp[0]); $filename = system("ls /var/www/cache/$time/"); //Get filename of downloaded file //File is html, edit the content (this does not work) if(preg_match("/.*\.html/", $filename)){ //Get the html file contents $contentfh = fopen("/var/www/cache/$time/". $filename, 'r'); $content = fread($contentfh, filesize("/var/www/cache/$time/". $filename)); fclose($contentfh); //Edit the html file contents $content = preg_replace("/<\/body>/i", "<!-- content served by proxy --></body>", $content); //Write the edited file $contentfh = fopen("/var/www/cache/$time/". $filename, 'w'); fwrite($contentfh, $content); fclose($contentfh); //Return the edited page echo "http://127.0.0.1/cache/$time/$filename\n"; } //Otherwise file is not html, don't edit else{ echo $input; } } } ?>

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