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  • CSS: Parent-Div does not grow with it's children (horizontal)

    - by vyden_st
    I would like the parent-div (red) to grow with the green child-div. Now it just stops at the viewport. <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html lang="de" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="de"> <head> <title>simple document</title> <style type="text/css"> * { font-family: verdana; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; } </style> </head> <body> <div style="margin: 30px; background: red; padding: 10px;"> <div style="background: green; width: 2000px;">dxyf</div> </div> </body> </html> I don't want to use display:table; since it does not work well in IE. Any ideas?

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  • How to highlight parent li text only on :hover?

    - by metal-gear-solid
    How to highlight Article only on mouse over? current when i hover on Article it highlights all child item also. Is it possible to highlight Articles only see example here http://jsbin.com/ubunu/2 <style> li:hover {background:red} li li:hover {background:yellow} </style> </head> <body> <p id="hello">Hello World</p> <ul> <li>Weblog</li> <li>Articles <ul> <li>How to Beat the Red Sox</li> <li>Pitching Past the 7th Inning <ul> <li>Part I</li> <li>Part II</li> </ul> </li> <li>Eighty-Five Years Isn't All That Long, Really</li> </ul> </li> <li>About</li> </ul>

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  • Java for loop with multiple incrementers

    - by user2517280
    Im writing a program which combines the RGB pixel values for 3 images, e.g. red pixel of image 1, green pixel of image 2 and blue pixel of image 3 and I want to then create a final image of it. Im using the code below, but this seems to be incrementing x2 and x3 whilst x1 is the same, i.e. not giving the right pixel value for same co-ordinate for each image. for (int x = 0; x < image.getWidth(); x++) { for (int x2 = 0; x2 < image2.getWidth(); x2++) { for (int x3 = 0; x3 < image3.getWidth(); x3++) { for (int y = 0; y < image.getHeight(); y++) { for (int y2 = 0; y2 < image2.getHeight(); y2++) { for (int y3 = 0; y3 < image3.getHeight(); y3++) { So I was wondering if anyone can tell me how to iterate through each of the 3 images on the same co-ordinate, so for example read 1, 1 of each image and record the red, green and blue value accordingly. Apologies if it doesnt make complete sense, its a bit hard to explain. I can iterate the values for one image fine but when I add in another, things start to go a bit wrong as obviously its quite a bit more complicated! I was thinking it might be easier to create an array and replace the according values in that just not sure how to do that effectively either. Thanks

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  • plot 4 different plots inside 1 pdf

    - by ifreak
    I have 2 data frames which i want to generate 3 plots from them and place them inside 1 pdf file as a single column. i want all the plots to have the same x-axis limits(basically the same x-axis) even thought they differ in the name and how they were obtained. the dataframes looks something like that: d1 X Y Z 0.04939317 -0.4622222 13651 0.03202451 -0.4261000 13401 0.09950793 -0.3233025 13151 0.11548556 -0.4637981 12486 0.09817597 -0.4751886 12236 0.15770701 -0.5819355 11986 and d2 V0 V1 V2 V3 sign 1 1 0.379 0.612 pos 2 1 0.378 0.620 pos 3 1 0.578 0.571 neg 4 1 0.978 0.561 pos 5 1 0.758 0.261 neg 6 1 0.378 0.126 neg P.S : both data frames are bigger than this, this is only a part of them V0, V1 and Z range from 1 to 20000 the plots that i created are : From d2 d2plot=ggplot(d1, aes(V0,V1, fill=sign)) + geom_tile()+ scale_fill_manual(values = c("neg" = "yellow", "pos"="red")) +geom_vline(xintercept =10000 ) +geom_text(mapping=aes(x=10000,y=0, label="Stop"), size=4, angle=90, vjust=-0.4, hjust=0) From d1 d1plot = ggplot(d2) + geom_errorbarh(aes(x=z,xmin=z-50,xmax=z+50, y=Y, height = 0.02),color="red")+ opts(legend.position = "none") +geom_vline(xintercept = 10000) +geom_text(mapping=aes(x=10000,y=-0.3, label="Stop"), size=4, angle=90, vjust=-0.4, hjust=0) i've tried grid.arrange(d1plot,d2plot,ncol=1) but the x-axis is different for each plot, i tried changing the aspect ratio, but this will change the y-axis ..i've also tried to use facet_wrap but the problem that my x-axis values have different values, i just want the limits and breaks to be the same and the plots all be aligned in 1 column based on 1 x-axis to comapre the value of the statistical methods in an easy way.

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  • Polling a web URL until event

    - by Jaxo
    I'm really sorry about the crappy title - if anybody has a better way of wording it, please edit it! I basically need to have a C# application run a function if the output of a URL is a certain value. For example, if the website says blue the background colour will be blue, red to make it red, etc. The problem is I don't want to spam my webserver with checks. The 4 bytes it downloads each time is negligible, but if I were to deploy this type of system on multiple computers, it would get slower and slower and the bandwidth would add up quickly. So my question is: How can my desktop application run a piece of code only when a web URL has a different output without checking each time? I can't use sockets, and any sort of LAN protocol won't end up working. My reasoning behind this potentially nefarious code is to be able to mute computers by updating a file on the website (as you may have seen in my previous question today, sorry!). I'd like it to be rather quick, and not have the refresh time minutes apart, a few seconds at the most would be ideal. How can I accomplish this? The website's code is easy, but getting the C# application to check when it changes is the part I'm stuck on. Nothing shows up on the website other than the command. Thanks!

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  • Retain numerical precision in an R data frame?

    - by David
    When I create a dataframe from numeric vectors, R seems to truncate the value below the precision that I require in my analysis: data.frame(x=0.99999996) returns 1 (see update 1) I am stuck when fitting spline(x,y) and two of the x values are set to 1 due to rounding while y changes. I could hack around this but I would prefer to use a standard solution if available. example Here is an example data set d <- data.frame(x = c(0.668732936336141, 0.95351462456867, 0.994620622127435, 0.999602102672081, 0.999987126195509, 0.999999955814133, 0.999999999999966), y = c(38.3026509783688, 11.5895099585560, 10.0443344234229, 9.86152339768516, 9.84461434575695, 9.81648333804257, 9.83306725758297)) The following solution works, but I would prefer something that is less subjective: plot(d$x, d$y, ylim=c(0,50)) lines(spline(d$x, d$y),col='grey') #bad fit lines(spline(d[-c(4:6),]$x, d[-c(4:6),]$y),col='red') #reasonable fit Update 1 Since posting this question, I realize that this will return 1 even though the data frame still contains the original value, e.g. > dput(data.frame(x=0.99999999996)) returns structure(list(x = 0.99999999996), .Names = "x", row.names = c(NA, -1L), class = "data.frame") Update 2 After using dput to post this example data set, and some pointers from Dirk, I can see that the problem is not in the truncation of the x values but the limits of the numerical errors in the model that I have used to calculate y. This justifies dropping a few of the equivalent data points (as in the example red line).

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  • How do I select only the 4th and higher LIs in each UL?

    - by KatieK
    For this XHTML: <ul class="collapse"> <li>One</li> <li>Two</li> <li>Three</li> <li>Four</li> <li>Five</li> </ul> <ul class="collapse"> <li>1</li> <li>2</li> <li>3</li> <li>4</li> </ul> Using jQuery, how do I select only the 4th and higher LIs in each UL? I've tried: $("ul.collapse li:gt(2)").css("color", "red"); But it selects the 4th and higher LIs in the whole document. "Four", "Five", and "1", "2", "3", "4" are red.

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  • JavaScript: supposed to execute functions sequentially, not actually doing so?

    - by AP257
    I'm seeing a lot of answers on StackOverflow that say that JavaScript executes code sequentially, but I can actually see my own JavaScript not doing so. From the following code: function centre_map(lat, lng, zoom_level) { alert('centre_map'); map = new GMap2(document.getElementById('map_canvas')); var latlng = new GLatLng(lat, lng); map.setCenter(latlng, zoom_level); } function add_markers_within_bounds() { alert('add_markers_within_bounds'); // add numerous BLUE markers within map bounds using MarkerClusterer } function add_marker(lat, lng, place_name, grid, county) { alert('add_marker'); // add one ordinary RED Google Maps marker } centre_map('{{lat}}', '{{lng}}', 12); add_markers_within_bounds('{{grid}}', '{{place_name}}'); add_marker('{{lat}}', '{{lng}}', '{{place_name}}', '{{grid}}', '{{county}}'); I get the following sequence of events: 'centre_map' alert 'add_markers_within_bounds' alert 'add_marker' alert individual RED marker appears on map (i.e. add_marker renders) multiple BLUE markers appear on map (i.e. add_markers_within_bounds renders) Why doesn't add_markers_within_bounds complete before add_marker gets under way: and how can I make it do so? I know that one way might be to call add_marker from within add_markers_within_bounds, but for various reasons I'd rather keep it as a separate function.

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  • How can I programmatically get the connection status of OSX network services?

    - by BigBrainz
    In the OS X System Preferences, when I click on 'Network' I see a green dot by 'Ethernet', and red dots by 'AirPort' and 'FireWire'. This is because I turned off AirPort and FireWire, as I access networks and the Internet via Ethernet. I need to programmatically determine which of these network services displayed in System Preferences have green dots and which have red dots. For Ethernet and FireWire the displayed status is 'Connected' or 'Not Connected', and for AirPort the displayed status is 'On' or 'Off'. Perhaps other network services have other status labels. I have picked through all the plist files in '/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration', particularly 'preferences.plist' and 'NetworkInterfaces.plist'. I can get all sorts of information there, such as the Location set, network service order, proxy information (which is also important to my task), but I cannot find how to determine whether a given network service is on or off--the equivalent of having the green dot displayed. I have also tried using System Configuration framework, specifically the SCNetworkConnectionGetStatus function, but all I get are invalid connection statuses. Does anyone know how to actually retrieve this connection status information? Thanks.

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  • SVG 100% document height don't work

    - by whizzo
    I'm trying to fill a document with a SVG image using the width="100%" and height="100%" properties, I have height="100%" in html and body tags too, and different colours for body(red) and svg(blue). Result is a full height svg but with a scrollbar in the right, and a thin line of red(body) at the bottom. ¿How can I fill the document with the svg without the scrollbar? Thanks. The code: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>SVG full page</title> <style> html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; height: 100%; background-color: #ff0000; } </style> </head> <body> <svg width="100%" height="100%"> <rect x="0" y="0" width="100%" height="100%" fill="#0000ff"></rect> </svg> </body> </html>

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  • php png image transparency

    - by user1334130
    I have been working with some code to draw a circle but I am having problems with removing the black background from the shape. I am using imagecopyresampled for its AA features in order to draw a smooth circle, so I can't use a different drawing function. Thanks. <?php $img_2 = imagecreatetruecolor(200, 200); $red = imagecolorallocate($img_2, 255, 0, 0); imagefill($img_2, 0, 0, $red); //set circle values $xPos = 50; $yPos = 80; $diameter = 40; $img_1 = imagecreatetruecolor(($diameter + 2) * 2, ($diameter + 2) * 2); $green = imagecolorallocate($img_1, 0, 255, 0); //draw the circle imagefilledarc($img_1, $diameter+1, $diameter+1, ($diameter + 2) * 2, ($diameter + 2) * 2, 0, 360, $green, IMG_ARC_PIE); imagecopyresampled($img_2, $img_1, $xPos, $yPos, 0, 0, $diameter+2, $diameter+2, ($diameter + 2) * 2, ($diameter + 2) * 2); header("Content-type: image/png"); imagepng($img_2); imagedestroy($img_1); imagedestroy($img_2); ?>

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  • Color difference between vista and Win7

    - by MSGrimpeur
    Have an indicator in the form of an image which is displayed in a graphics viewport. The indicator can be any colour the user selects so we created a single image with a pallette and change a specific color in the pallette to the one the user picks using the following code. /// <summary> /// Copies the image and sets transparency and fill colour of the copy. The image is intended to be a simple filled shape such as a square /// with the inside all in one colour. /// </summary> /// <remarks>Assumes the fill colour to be changed is Red, /// black is the boundary colour and off white (RGB 233,233,233) is the colour to be made transparent</remarks> /// <param name="image"></param> /// <param name="fillColour"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected Bitmap CopyWithStyle(Bitmap image, Color fillColour) { ColorPalette selectionIndicatorPalette = image.Palette; int fillColourIndex = selectionIndicatorPalette.IndexOf(Color.Red); selectionIndicatorPalette.Entries[fillColourIndex] = fillColour; image.Palette = selectionIndicatorPalette; Bitmap tempImage = image; tempImage.MakeTransparent(transparentColour); return tempImage; } To be honest I'm not sure if this is a bit cludgy and there is some smarter approach or not, so any thoughts there would help. However the main issue is that this appears to work fine on Win7 but in vista and XP the color does not change. Has any one seen this before. I've found one or two articles that suggest there are some differences in ARGB between them but nothing particularly concrete. Any help greatfully accepted.

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  • All X elements below Y, but before another, descendent, Y

    - by JPM
    <div n="a"> . . . . . . <spec>red</spec> <spec>green</spec> . . . <div n="b"> . . . <spec>blue</spec> . . . </div> <div n="c"> <spec>yellow</spec> </div> . . . . . . . . . </div> When the current element is <div n="a">, I need an XPATH expression that returns the red and green elements, but not the blue and yellow ones, as .//spec does. When the current element is <div n="b">, the same expression needs to return the blue element; when <div n="c">, the yellow element. Something like .//spec[but no further than another div if there is one]

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  • Position a div relative to a top-level container?

    - by Seifeddine Dridi
    I'm trying to model an HTML document which only contains div elements positioned in absolute. For each div, properties left and top are precalculated wrt. the top-level div, but a problem occurs with nested divs since according to the CSS standard an element is positioned relative to its first ancestral element whose positioning is either relative or absolute. Does anyone know any workaround? EDIT: small code snippet that demonstrates the problem <html> <body style="background-color: #444444"> <div style="position: relative; background-color: white;"> <div style="position: absolute; background-color: red; width: 4cm; height: 3cm; top: 1cm">div 1 <div style="position: absolute; background-color: green; top: 4cm"> div 1.1</div> </div> </div> </body> </html> The green div is expected to be positioned right after the red div, instead there is a gap of 1cm in between.

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  • How do I make a shrinkable scrollbar?

    - by diadem
    What I want: <div style="overflow:scroll;width:100%;height:50%;"> &nbsp; <div style="height:500px;width:400px;border:solid 3px red;"> </div> </div> <div style="overflow:scroll;width:100%;HEIGHT:50%;"> &nbsp; <div style="height:500px;width:400px;border:solid 3px red;"> </div> </div> Notice how if I shrink the height of the window the scrollbars shrink. This is the functionality I want. The issue: I want to make something similar to the above, only with a fixed height of 100 pixels for the top div. If I do this in practice the bottom scrollbar no longer shrinks as I shrink the page - the system adds an outer scrollbar to manage both sections. I don't want this, I want to retain the behavior seen above. How do I do this?

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  • Just a small help about switch's use

    - by Laurent Fournier
    If an answer on this already exist, my apologies i've not found on this question... is this statement correct if i want presice actions on integers from -2 to 0, and for those between 1 and 6 apply the same methods with only my integer who'll change ? Like this: public void setCaseGUI(Point pt, int i, boolean b){ plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setSelected(b); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setIcon(null); switch(i) { case -2: plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setText("F"); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setForeground(Color.red); break; case -1: plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setText("B"); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setForeground(Color.red); break; case 0: plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setText(""); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setForeground(null); break; case 1: case 2: case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7: case 8: plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setText(String.valueOf(i)); plateau.cellule[(int)pt.getAbs()][(int)pt.getOrd()].setForeground(null); break; default: System.out.println("Erreur de changement d'état/case !"); } } Please don't be too harsh on me i've started to learn dev only a few month ago

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  • How to find "y" values of the already estimated monotone function of the non-monotone regression curve corresponding to the original "x" points?

    - by parenthesis
    The title sounds complicated but that is what I am looking for. Focus on the picture. ## data x <- c(1.009648,1.017896,1.021773,1.043659,1.060277,1.074578,1.075495,1.097086,1.106268,1.110550,1.117795,1.143573,1.166305,1.177850,1.188795,1.198032,1.200526,1.223329,1.235814,1.239068,1.243189,1.260003,1.262732,1.266907,1.269932,1.284472,1.307483,1.323714,1.326705,1.328625,1.372419,1.398703,1.404474,1.414360,1.415909,1.418254,1.430865,1.431476,1.437642,1.438682,1.447056,1.456152,1.457934,1.457993,1.465968,1.478041,1.478076,1.485995,1.486357,1.490379,1.490719) y <- c(0.5102649,0.0000000,0.6360097,0.0000000,0.8692671,0.0000000,1.0000000,0.0000000,0.4183691,0.8953987,0.3442624,0.0000000,0.7513169,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.1291901,0.4936121,0.7565551,1.0085108,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.1655482,0.0000000,0.1473168,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.1875293,0.4918018,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.8101771,0.6853480,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.4068802,1.1061434,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.0000000,0.6391678) fit1 <- c(0.5102649100,0.5153380934,0.5177234836,0.5255544980,0.5307668662,0.5068087080,0.5071001179,0.4825657520,0.4832969250,0.4836378194,0.4842147729,0.5004039310,0.4987301366,0.4978800742,0.4978042478,0.4969807064,0.5086987191,0.4989497612,0.4936121200,0.4922210302,0.4904593166,0.4775197108,0.4757040857,0.4729265271,0.4709141776,0.4612406896,0.4459316517,0.4351338346,0.4331439717,0.4318664278,0.3235179189,0.2907908968,0.1665721429,0.1474035158,0.1443999345,0.1398517097,0.1153991839,0.1142140393,0.1022584672,0.1002410843,0.0840033244,0.0663669309,0.0629119398,0.0627979240,0.0473336492,0.0239237481,0.0238556876,0.0084990298,0.0077970954,0.0000000000,-0.0006598571) fit2 <- c(-0.0006598571,0.0153328298,0.0228511733,0.0652889427,0.0975108758,0.1252414661,0.1270195143,0.1922510501,0.2965234797,0.3018551305,0.3108761043,0.3621749370,0.4184150225,0.4359301495,0.4432114081,0.4493565757,0.4510158144,0.4661865431,0.4744926045,0.4766574718,0.4796937554,0.4834718810,0.4836125426,0.4839450098,0.4841092849,0.4877317306,0.4930561638,0.4964939389,0.4970089201,0.4971376528,0.4990394601,0.5005881678,0.5023814257,0.5052125977,0.5056691690,0.5064254338,0.5115481820,0.5117259449,0.5146054557,0.5149729419,0.5184178197,0.5211542908,0.5216215426,0.5216426533,0.5239797875,0.5273573222,0.5273683002,0.5293994824,0.5295130266,0.5306236672,0.5307303109) ## picture plot(x, y) ## red regression curve points(x, fit1, col=2); lines(x, fit1, col=2) ## blue monotonic curve to the regression points(min(x) + cumsum(c(0, rev(diff(x)))), rev(fit2), col="blue"); lines(min(x) + cumsum(c(0, rev(diff(x)))), rev(fit2), col="blue") ## "x" original point matches with the regression estimated point ## but not with the estimated (fit2=estimate) monotonic curve abline(v=1.223329, lty=2, col="grey") Focus on the dashed grey line. The idea is to get y value of the monotonic blue curve corresponding to x original value. The grey line should cross three points (the original one "black", the regression estimate "red", the adjusted regression estimate "blue"). Can we do this? Methodology: The object "fit2" is the output of the function rearrangement(). It is always monotonically increasing. library(Rearrangement) fit2 <- rearrangement(x=as.data.frame(x), y=fit1)

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  • "The breakpoint will not currently be hit" error while debugging a mixed mode application (c# and unmanaged c++)

    - by user1678403
    While debugging a mixed mode application in VS2010, the breakpoint set on a line of code contained in an unmanaged c++ dll source file (called from a managed c# wrapper class) shows the infamous "The breakpoint will not currently be hit. No symbols have been loaded for this document" info message when hovering the mouse over the breakpoint on the line in question. The breakpoint itself is a red circle with a yellow info triangle instead of the usual solid red orb. Of course, the breakpoint isn't hit when the debugger is executed. Most answers I've found for this warning indicate the breakpoint hasn't been set properly, or that the expected dll is not being loaded, or that the associated pdb file is not located in the correct location, etc. etc. This is not the problem. The application does load and execute the referenced dll correctly. I've verified that the correct pdb file, with the same file date as its dll, is located in the executable's working directory along with the target dll itself. The debugger simply doesn't load the symbols for the dll, and the dll doesn't show in the Modules list. None of the solutions I've found online work for this problem. The dll doesn't show in the modules list available from 'Debug-Windows-Modules' menu selection... even though it is, in fact, loaded. Breakpoints set in the wrapper class work correctly. Deleting the bin and obj directories, cleaning and rebuilding the solution also doesn't help.

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  • why won't background change in firefox but it will in ie

    - by rod
    <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <title></title> <link id="csslink" href="Handler.ashx" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <input id="Button1" type="button" value="Blue" /> <input id="Button2" type="button" value="Red" /> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageDefault = { btn1: document.getElementById('Button1'), btn2: document.getElementById('Button2'), csslink: document.getElementById('csslink'), init: function() { this.btn1.onclick = function() { pageDefault.csslink.href = "Handler.ashx?id=1"; } this.btn2.onclick = function() { pageDefault.csslink.href = "Handler.ashx?id=2"; } } } pageDefault.init(); </script> </body> </html> Here's the ashx ProcessRequest public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) { context.Response.ContentType = "text/plain"; var id = context.Request.QueryString["id"]; if (id == "1") { context.Response.Write(@" body { background: Blue; } "); } else if (id == "2") { context.Response.Write(@" body { background: Red; } "); } else { } }

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  • What's up with OCFS2?

    - by wcoekaer
    On Linux there are many filesystem choices and even from Oracle we provide a number of filesystems, all with their own advantages and use cases. Customers often confuse ACFS with OCFS or OCFS2 which then causes assumptions to be made such as one replacing the other etc... I thought it would be good to write up a summary of how OCFS2 got to where it is, what we're up to still, how it is different from other options and how this really is a cool native Linux cluster filesystem that we worked on for many years and is still widely used. Work on a cluster filesystem at Oracle started many years ago, in the early 2000's when the Oracle Database Cluster development team wrote a cluster filesystem for Windows that was primarily focused on providing an alternative to raw disk devices and help customers with the deployment of Oracle Real Application Cluster (RAC). Oracle RAC is a cluster technology that lets us make a cluster of Oracle Database servers look like one big database. The RDBMS runs on many nodes and they all work on the same data. It's a Shared Disk database design. There are many advantages doing this but I will not go into detail as that is not the purpose of my write up. Suffice it to say that Oracle RAC expects all the database data to be visible in a consistent, coherent way, across all the nodes in the cluster. To do that, there were/are a few options : 1) use raw disk devices that are shared, through SCSI, FC, or iSCSI 2) use a network filesystem (NFS) 3) use a cluster filesystem(CFS) which basically gives you a filesystem that's coherent across all nodes using shared disks. It is sort of (but not quite) combining option 1 and 2 except that you don't do network access to the files, the files are effectively locally visible as if it was a local filesystem. So OCFS (Oracle Cluster FileSystem) on Windows was born. Since Linux was becoming a very important and popular platform, we decided that we would also make this available on Linux and thus the porting of OCFS/Windows started. The first version of OCFS was really primarily focused on replacing the use of Raw devices with a simple filesystem that lets you create files and provide direct IO to these files to get basically native raw disk performance. The filesystem was not designed to be fully POSIX compliant and it did not have any where near good/decent performance for regular file create/delete/access operations. Cache coherency was easy since it was basically always direct IO down to the disk device and this ensured that any time one issues a write() command it would go directly down to the disk, and not return until the write() was completed. Same for read() any sort of read from a datafile would be a read() operation that went all the way to disk and return. We did not cache any data when it came down to Oracle data files. So while OCFS worked well for that, since it did not have much of a normal filesystem feel, it was not something that could be submitted to the kernel mail list for inclusion into Linux as another native linux filesystem (setting aside the Windows porting code ...) it did its job well, it was very easy to configure, node membership was simple, locking was disk based (so very slow but it existed), you could create regular files and do regular filesystem operations to a certain extend but anything that was not database data file related was just not very useful in general. Logfiles ok, standard filesystem use, not so much. Up to this point, all the work was done, at Oracle, by Oracle developers. Once OCFS (1) was out for a while and there was a lot of use in the database RAC world, many customers wanted to do more and were asking for features that you'd expect in a normal native filesystem, a real "general purposes cluster filesystem". So the team sat down and basically started from scratch to implement what's now known as OCFS2 (Oracle Cluster FileSystem release 2). Some basic criteria were : Design it with a real Distributed Lock Manager and use the network for lock negotiation instead of the disk Make it a Linux native filesystem instead of a native shim layer and a portable core Support standard Posix compliancy and be fully cache coherent with all operations Support all the filesystem features Linux offers (ACL, extended Attributes, quotas, sparse files,...) Be modern, support large files, 32/64bit, journaling, data ordered journaling, endian neutral, we can mount on both endian /cross architecture,.. Needless to say, this was a huge development effort that took many years to complete. A few big milestones happened along the way... OCFS2 was development in the open, we did not have a private tree that we worked on without external code review from the Linux Filesystem maintainers, great folks like Christopher Hellwig reviewed the code regularly to make sure we were not doing anything out of line, we submitted the code for review on lkml a number of times to see if we were getting close for it to be included into the mainline kernel. Using this development model is standard practice for anyone that wants to write code that goes into the kernel and having any chance of doing so without a complete rewrite or.. shall I say flamefest when submitted. It saved us a tremendous amount of time by not having to re-fit code for it to be in a Linus acceptable state. Some other filesystems that were trying to get into the kernel that didn't follow an open development model had a lot harder time and a lot harsher criticism. March 2006, when Linus released 2.6.16, OCFS2 officially became part of the mainline kernel, it was accepted a little earlier in the release candidates but in 2.6.16. OCFS2 became officially part of the mainline Linux kernel tree as one of the many filesystems. It was the first cluster filesystem to make it into the kernel tree. Our hope was that it would then end up getting picked up by the distribution vendors to make it easy for everyone to have access to a CFS. Today the source code for OCFS2 is approximately 85000 lines of code. We made OCFS2 production with full support for customers that ran Oracle database on Linux, no extra or separate support contract needed. OCFS2 1.0.0 started being built for RHEL4 for x86, x86-64, ppc, s390x and ia64. For RHEL5 starting with OCFS2 1.2. SuSE was very interested in high availability and clustering and decided to build and include OCFS2 with SLES9 for their customers and was, next to Oracle, the main contributor to the filesystem for both new features and bug fixes. Source code was always available even prior to inclusion into mainline and as of 2.6.16, source code was just part of a Linux kernel download from kernel.org, which it still is, today. So the latest OCFS2 code is always the upstream mainline Linux kernel. OCFS2 is the cluster filesystem used in Oracle VM 2 and Oracle VM 3 as the virtual disk repository filesystem. Since the filesystem is in the Linux kernel it's released under the GPL v2 The release model has always been that new feature development happened in the mainline kernel and we then built consistent, well tested, snapshots that had versions, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8. But these releases were effectively just snapshots in time that were tested for stability and release quality. OCFS2 is very easy to use, there's a simple text file that contains the node information (hostname, node number, cluster name) and a file that contains the cluster heartbeat timeouts. It is very small, and very efficient. As Sunil Mushran wrote in the manual : OCFS2 is an efficient, easily configured, quickly installed, fully integrated and compatible, feature-rich, architecture and endian neutral, cache coherent, ordered data journaling, POSIX-compliant, shared disk cluster file system. Here is a list of some of the important features that are included : Variable Block and Cluster sizes Supports block sizes ranging from 512 bytes to 4 KB and cluster sizes ranging from 4 KB to 1 MB (increments in power of 2). Extent-based Allocations Tracks the allocated space in ranges of clusters making it especially efficient for storing very large files. Optimized Allocations Supports sparse files, inline-data, unwritten extents, hole punching and allocation reservation for higher performance and efficient storage. File Cloning/snapshots REFLINK is a feature which introduces copy-on-write clones of files in a cluster coherent way. Indexed Directories Allows efficient access to millions of objects in a directory. Metadata Checksums Detects silent corruption in inodes and directories. Extended Attributes Supports attaching an unlimited number of name:value pairs to the file system objects like regular files, directories, symbolic links, etc. Advanced Security Supports POSIX ACLs and SELinux in addition to the traditional file access permission model. Quotas Supports user and group quotas. Journaling Supports both ordered and writeback data journaling modes to provide file system consistency in the event of power failure or system crash. Endian and Architecture neutral Supports a cluster of nodes with mixed architectures. Allows concurrent mounts on nodes running 32-bit and 64-bit, little-endian (x86, x86_64, ia64) and big-endian (ppc64) architectures. In-built Cluster-stack with DLM Includes an easy to configure, in-kernel cluster-stack with a distributed lock manager. Buffered, Direct, Asynchronous, Splice and Memory Mapped I/Os Supports all modes of I/Os for maximum flexibility and performance. Comprehensive Tools Support Provides a familiar EXT3-style tool-set that uses similar parameters for ease-of-use. The filesystem was distributed for Linux distributions in separate RPM form and this had to be built for every single kernel errata release or every updated kernel provided by the vendor. We provided builds from Oracle for Oracle Linux and all kernels released by Oracle and for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. SuSE provided the modules directly for every kernel they shipped. With the introduction of the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux and our interest in reducing the overhead of building filesystem modules for every minor release, we decide to make OCFS2 available as part of UEK. There was no more need for separate kernel modules, everything was built-in and a kernel upgrade automatically updated the filesystem, as it should. UEK allowed us to not having to backport new upstream filesystem code into an older kernel version, backporting features into older versions introduces risk and requires extra testing because the code is basically partially rewritten. The UEK model works really well for continuing to provide OCFS2 without that extra overhead. Because the RHEL kernel did not contain OCFS2 as a kernel module (it is in the source tree but it is not built by the vendor in kernel module form) we stopped adding the extra packages to Oracle Linux and its RHEL compatible kernel and for RHEL. Oracle Linux customers/users obviously get OCFS2 included as part of the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, SuSE customers get it by SuSE distributed with SLES and Red Hat can decide to distribute OCFS2 to their customers if they chose to as it's just a matter of compiling the module and making it available. OCFS2 today, in the mainline kernel is pretty much feature complete in terms of integration with every filesystem feature Linux offers and it is still actively maintained with Joel Becker being the primary maintainer. Since we use OCFS2 as part of Oracle VM, we continue to look at interesting new functionality to add, REFLINK was a good example, and as such we continue to enhance the filesystem where it makes sense. Bugfixes and any sort of code that goes into the mainline Linux kernel that affects filesystems, automatically also modifies OCFS2 so it's in kernel, actively maintained but not a lot of new development happening at this time. We continue to fully support OCFS2 as part of Oracle Linux and the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel and other vendors make their own decisions on support as it's really a Linux cluster filesystem now more than something that we provide to customers. It really just is part of Linux like EXT3 or BTRFS etc, the OS distribution vendors decide. Do not confuse OCFS2 with ACFS (ASM cluster Filesystem) also known as Oracle Cloud Filesystem. ACFS is a filesystem that's provided by Oracle on various OS platforms and really integrates into Oracle ASM (Automatic Storage Management). It's a very powerful Cluster Filesystem but it's not distributed as part of the Operating System, it's distributed with the Oracle Database product and installs with and lives inside Oracle ASM. ACFS obviously is fully supported on Linux (Oracle Linux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux) but OCFS2 independently as a native Linux filesystem is also, and continues to also be supported. ACFS is very much tied into the Oracle RDBMS, OCFS2 is just a standard native Linux filesystem with no ties into Oracle products. Customers running the Oracle database and ASM really should consider using ACFS as it also provides storage/clustered volume management. Customers wanting to use a simple, easy to use generic Linux cluster filesystem should consider using OCFS2. To learn more about OCFS2 in detail, you can find good documentation on http://oss.oracle.com/projects/ocfs2 in the Documentation area, or get the latest mainline kernel from http://kernel.org and read the source. One final, unrelated note - since I am not always able to publicly answer or respond to comments, I do not want to selectively publish comments from readers. Sometimes I forget to publish comments, sometime I publish them and sometimes I would publish them but if for some reason I cannot publicly comment on them, it becomes a very one-sided stream. So for now I am going to not publish comments from anyone, to be fair to all sides. You are always welcome to email me and I will do my best to respond to technical questions, questions about strategy or direction are sometimes not possible to answer for obvious reasons.

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  • VncServer can't restart because of Xvnc

    - by geoffrobinson
    I'm working on a Red Hat Linux server. VNC server started to act weird (i.e. the sessions became Spartan). So I decided to reboot VNC server. I keep getting the following error message: "unable to start Xvnc, exiting" Does anyone know what this means? The best thing I could come up via Google was that some packages needed to be updated, but everything was already up to date.

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  • Failed to start X server. REDHAT LINUX 5.3

    - by chankey007
    I installed Red-hat 5.3 problem is that it is not showing graphical interface. only kernel / command prompt is available. I tried startx, then I got this msg No video BIOS modes for chosen depth also showing that ERROR: Failed to start X server. What should I do?

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  • Pairing Sony bluetooth headphones with my PC, under Windows 7

    - by jonathanconway
    Hi there, I have the Sony DR-BT50 wireless headphones. I've been able to successfully pair them to my iPhone and play music through them, but no such luck with my PC. I can add it to the bluetooth devices, but when the "Driver Software Installation" screen comes up, I get a red X and "No driver found". Any ideas how to fix this? (I have a bluetooth keyboard & mouse paired successfully, so it's not a problem with my laptop's bluetooth.)

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  • Unable to install Wordpress on Amazon's EC2 instance due to missing php-mbstring

    - by alexus
    I've created a new instance on Amazon's EC2 and I'm trying in wordpress and it's failing due to php-mbstring: # yum install wordpress Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package wordpress.noarch 0:3.9.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-simplepie >= 1.3.1 for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-gd for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-enchant for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-PHPMailer for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-PHPMailer.noarch 0:5.2.6-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring >= 5.1.0 for package: php-PHPMailer-5.2.6-1.el7.noarch ---> Package php-gd.x86_64 0:5.4.16-21.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15(PNG15_0)(64bit) for package: php-gd-5.4.16-21.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libt1.so.5()(64bit) for package: php-gd-5.4.16-21.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libpng15.so.15()(64bit) for package: php-gd-5.4.16-21.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: php-gd-5.4.16-21.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.6()(64bit) for package: php-gd-5.4.16-21.el7.x86_64 ---> Package php-simplepie.noarch 0:1.3.1-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: php-simplepie-1.3.1-4.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-IDNA_Convert for package: php-simplepie-1.3.1-4.el7.noarch ---> Package wordpress.noarch 0:3.9.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-enchant for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.0-2.1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libX11-common = 1.6.0-2.1.el7 for package: libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.1()(64bit) for package: libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.10-5.1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libpng.x86_64 2:1.5.13-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package php-IDNA_Convert.noarch 0:0.8.0-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: php-IDNA_Convert-0.8.0-2.el7.noarch ---> Package php-PHPMailer.noarch 0:5.2.6-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring >= 5.1.0 for package: php-PHPMailer-5.2.6-1.el7.noarch ---> Package php-simplepie.noarch 0:1.3.1-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: php-simplepie-1.3.1-4.el7.noarch ---> Package t1lib.x86_64 0:5.1.2-14.el7 will be installed ---> Package wordpress.noarch 0:3.9.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-enchant for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.0-2.1.el7 will be installed ---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.9-5.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.6()(64bit) for package: libxcb-1.9-5.el7.x86_64 ---> Package php-IDNA_Convert.noarch 0:0.8.0-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: php-IDNA_Convert-0.8.0-2.el7.noarch ---> Package php-PHPMailer.noarch 0:5.2.6-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring >= 5.1.0 for package: php-PHPMailer-5.2.6-1.el7.noarch ---> Package php-simplepie.noarch 0:1.3.1-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: php-simplepie-1.3.1-4.el7.noarch ---> Package wordpress.noarch 0:3.9.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-enchant for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 will be installed ---> Package php-IDNA_Convert.noarch 0:0.8.0-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: php-IDNA_Convert-0.8.0-2.el7.noarch ---> Package php-PHPMailer.noarch 0:5.2.6-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring >= 5.1.0 for package: php-PHPMailer-5.2.6-1.el7.noarch ---> Package php-simplepie.noarch 0:1.3.1-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: php-simplepie-1.3.1-4.el7.noarch ---> Package wordpress.noarch 0:3.9.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-mbstring for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: php-enchant for package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch --> Finished Dependency Resolution Error: Package: php-PHPMailer-5.2.6-1.el7.noarch (epel) Requires: php-mbstring >= 5.1.0 Error: Package: php-IDNA_Convert-0.8.0-2.el7.noarch (epel) Requires: php-mbstring Error: Package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch (epel) Requires: php-mbstring Error: Package: php-simplepie-1.3.1-4.el7.noarch (epel) Requires: php-mbstring Error: Package: wordpress-3.9.1-1.el7.noarch (epel) Requires: php-enchant You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest # I'm using RHEL7: # cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.0 (Maipo) # yum repolist Loaded plugins: amazon-id, rhui-lb repo id repo name status epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 4,325 rhui-REGION-client-config-server-7/x86_64 Red Hat Update Infrastructure 2.0 Client Configuration Server 7 1 rhui-REGION-rhel-server-releases/7Server/x86_64 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7 (RPMs) 4,447 repolist: 8,773 # a while back and another environment I had to run following command first in order to get access to php-mbstring: rhn-channel --add --channel=rhel-x86_64-server-optional-6 How do you do that in Amazon EC2?:

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