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  • MS SQL Bridge Table Constraints

    - by greg
    Greetings - I have a table of Articles and a table of Categories. An Article can be used in many Categories, so I have created a table of ArticleCategories like this: BridgeID int (PK) ArticleID int CategoryID int Now, I want to create constraints/relationships such that the ArticleID-CategoryID combinations are unique AND that the IDs must exist in the respective primary key tables (Articles and Categories). I have tried using both VS2008 Server Explorer and Enterprise Manager (SQL-2005) to create the FK relationships, but the results always prevent Duplicate ArticleIDs in the bridge table, even though the CategoryID is different. I am pretty sure I am doing something obviously wrong, but I appear to have a mental block at this point. Can anyone tell me please how should this be done? Greaty appreciated!

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  • Dictionary<string,string> to Dictionary<Control,object> using IEnumerable<T>.Select()

    - by abatishchev
    I have a System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<string, string> containing control ID and appropriate data column to data bind: var dic = new Dictionary<string, string> { { "Label1", "FooCount" }, { "Label2", "BarCount" } }; I use it that way: var row = ((DataRowView)FormView1.DataItem).Row; Dictionary<Control, object> newOne = dic.ToDictionary( k => FormView1.FindControl(k.Key)), k => row[k.Value]); So I'm using IEnumerable<T>.ToDictionary(Func<T>, Func<T>). Is it possbile to do the same using IEnumerable<T>.Select(Func<T>) ?

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  • How to print css applied background images with the winforms webbrowser control

    - by Geir-Tore Lindsve
    I am using the webbrowser control in winforms and discovered now that background images which I apply with css are not included in the printouts. Is there a way to make the webbrowser print the background of the displayed document too? Edit: Since I wanted to do this programatically, I opted for this solution: using Microsoft.Win32; ... RegistryKey regKey = Registry.CurrentUser .OpenSubKey("Software") .OpenSubKey("Microsoft") .OpenSubKey("Internet Explorer") .OpenSubKey("Main"); //Get the current setting so that we can revert it after printjob var defaultValue = regKey.GetValue("Print_Background"); regKey.SetValue("Print_Background", "yes"); //Do the printing //Revert the registry key to the original value regKey.SetValue("Print_Background", defaultValue); Another way to handle this might be to just read the value, and notify the user to adjust this himself before printing. I have to agree that tweaking with the registry like this is not a good practice, so I am open for any suggestions. Thanks for all your feedback

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  • Google Gears - Database - VACUUM

    - by Sirber
    With this code: var db = google.gears.factory.create('beta.database'); db.open('cominar'); db.execute('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS Ajax (AJAX_ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT , MODULE TEXT, FUNCTION TEXT, CONTENT_JSON TEXT);'); db.execute('VACUUM;'); // nettoye la DB I'm trying to clean the database (VACUUM) the database at each initialisation but I get this error: Uncaught Error: Database operation failed. ERROR: authorization denied DETAILS: not authorized The database was created by me (the same page). Thank you!

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  • Twitter Oauth Strategy with Warden + Devise Authentication Gems for Ruby

    - by Michael Waxman
    Devise, the authentication gem for Ruby based on Warden (another auth gem) does not support Twitter Oauth as an authentication strategy, BUT Warden does. There is a way to use the Warden Twitter Oauth strategy within Devise, but I cannot figure it out. I'm using the following block in the devise config file: config.warden do |manager| manager.oauth(:twitter) do |twitter| twitter.consumer_secret = <SECRET> twitter.consumer_key = <KEY> twitter.options :site => 'http://twitter.com' end manager.default_strategies.unshift :twitter_oauth end But I keep on getting all sorts of error messages. Does anyone know how to make this work? I'm assuming there is more to do here (configuring a new link/route to talk to Warden, maybe adding attributes to the Devise User model, etc.), but I can't figure out what they are. Please help.

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  • Can I remove items from a ConcurrentDictionary from within an enumeration loop of that dictionary?

    - by the-locster
    So for example: ConcurrentDictionary<string,Payload> itemCache = GetItems(); foreach(KeyValuePair<string,Payload> kvPair in itemCache) { if(TestItemExpiry(kvPair.Value)) { // Remove expired item. Payload removedItem; itemCache.TryRemove(kvPair.Key, out removedItem); } } Obviously with an ordinary Dictionary this will throw an exception because removing items changes the dictionary's internal state during the life of the enumeration. It's my understanding that this is not the case for a ConcurrentDictionary as the provided IEnumerable handles internal state changing. Am I understanding this right? Is there a better pattern to use?

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  • How to group a complex list of objects using LINQ?

    - by Daoming Yang
    I want to select and group the products, and rank them by the number of times they occur. For example, I have an OrderList each of order object has a OrderProductVariantList(OrderLineList), and each of OrderProductVariant object has ProductVariant, and then the ProductVariant object will have a Product object which contains product information. A friend helped me with the following code. It could be compiled, but it did not return any value/result. I used the watch window for the query and it gave me "The name 'query' does not exist in the current context". Can anyone help me? Many thanks. var query = orderList.SelectMany( o => o.OrderLineList ) // results in IEnumerable<OrderProductVariant> .Select( opv => opv.ProductVariant ) .Select( pv => p.Product ) .GroupBy( p => p ) .Select( g => new { Product = g.Key, Count = g.Count() });

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  • Assign binding path at runtime in WPF DataTemplate

    - by Abiel
    I am writing a WPF program in C# in which I have a ListView for which the columns will be populated at runtime. I would like to use a custom DataTemplate for the GridViewColumn objects in the ListView. In the examples I have seen where the number of columns is fixed in advance, a custom DataTemplate is often created using something like the XAML below. <DataTemplate x:Key="someKey"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=FirstName}" /> </DataTemplate> This DataTemplate could also later be assigned to GridViewColumn.CellTemplate in the code-behind by calling FindResource("someKey"). However, this alone is of no use to me, because in this example the Path element is fixed to FirstName. Really I need something where I can set the Path in code. It is my impression that something along these lines may be possible if XamlReader is used, but I'm not sure how in practice I would do this. Any solutions are greatly appreciated.

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  • difference between signtool and sn or al for assembly signing

    - by sveerap
    Hi, I see tool like SN which generates private/public key pair for signing an assembly. and using AL tool we can assign a strong name to an assembly And we have also Sign tool which is used for signing the assembly (probably for using with certificates exclusively?). What is the exact difference between the two?. Is it sign tool have to be used when working with certificates and can it we acheive it SN?. or are they totally different.? Please help.

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  • How to use map/reduce to handle more than 10000 unique keys for grouping in MongoDB?

    - by Magnus Johansson
    I am using MongoDB v1.4 and the mongodb-csharp driver and I try to group on a data store that has more than 10000 keys, so I get this error: assertion: group() can't handle more than 10000 unique keys using c# code like this: Document query = new Document().Append("group", new Document() .Append("key", new Document().Append("myfieldname", true)) .Append("$reduce", new CodeWScope( "function(obj,prev) { prev.count++; }")) .Append("initial", new Document().Append("count", 0)) .Append("ns", "myitems")); I read that I should use map/reduce, but I can't figure out how. Can somebody please shed some light on how to use map/reduce? Or is there any other way to get around this limitation? Thanks.

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  • group expression in jasper reports

    - by ed1t
    I've a report which has a has 5 columns on each page and I have a group defined which shows columns related to A | B | C | D | E - main column X | Y | Z - group - A is the key I have my query ORDER BY A, but when it is displayed it doesn't print the results in next page if A is changed. Following is how I have a group defined. <group name="A" isResetPageNumber="true" > <groupExpression><![CDATA[$F{A}]]></groupExpression> <groupHeader> <band/> </groupHeader> <groupFooter> <band/> </groupFooter> </group> does A need to be part of the group?

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  • GWT Query fails second time -only.

    - by Koran
    HI, I have a visualization function in GWT which calls for two instances of the same panels - two queries. Now, suppose one url is A and the other url is B. Here, I am facing an issue in that if A is called first, then both A and B works. If B is called first, then only B works, A - times out. If I call both times A, only the first time A works, second time it times out. If I call B twice, it works both times without a hitch. Even though the error comes at timed out, it actually is not timing out - in FF status bar, it shows till - transferring data from A, and then it gets stuck. This doesnt even show up in the first time query. The only difference between A and B is that B returns very fast, while A returns comparitively slow. The sample code is given below: public Panel(){ Runnable onLoadCallback = new Runnable() { public void run() { Query query = Query.create(dataUrl); query.setTimeout(60); query.send(new Callback() { public void onResponse(QueryResponse response) { if (response.isError()){ Window.alert(response.getMessage()); } } } } VisualizationUtils.loadVisualizationApi(onLoadCallback, PieChart.PACKAGE); } What could be the reason for this? I cannot think of any reason why this should happen? Why is this happening only for A and not for B? EDIT: More research. The query which works all the time (i.e. B is the example URL given in GWT visualization site: see comment [1]). So, I tried in my app engine to reproduce it - the following way s = "google.visualization.Query.setResponse({version:'0.6',status:'ok',sig:'106459472',table:{cols:[{id:'A',label:'Source',type:'string',pattern:''},{id:'B',label:'Percent',type:'number',pattern:'#0.01%'}],rows:[{c:[{v:'Oil'},{v:0.37,f:'37.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Coal'},{v:0.25,f:'25.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Natural Gas'},{v:0.23,f:'23.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Nuclear'},{v:0.06,f:'6.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Biomass'},{v:0.04,f:'4.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Hydro'},{v:0.03,f:'3.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Solar Heat'},{v:0.005,f:'0.50%'}]},{c:[{v:'Wind'},{v:0.003,f:'0.30%'}]},{c:[{v:'Geothermal'},{v:0.002,f:'0.20%'}]},{c:[{v:'Biofuels'},{v:0.002,f:'0.20%'}]},{c:[{v:'Solar photovoltaic'},{v:4.0E-4,f:'0.04%'}]}]}});"; response = HttpResponse(s, content_type="text/plain; charset=utf-8") response['Expires'] = time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT', time.gmtime()) return response Where s is the data when we run the query for B. I tried to add Expires etc too, since that seems to be the only header which has the difference, but now, the query fails all the time. For more info - I am now sending the difference between my server response vs the working server response. They seems to be pretty similar. HTTP/1.0 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2010 11:07:12 GMT Server: Google Frontend Cache-Control: private, x-gzip-ok="" google.visualization.Query.setResponse({version:'0.6',status:'ok',sig:'106459472',table:{cols:[{id:'A',label:'Source',type:'string',pattern:''},{id:'B',label:'Percent',type:'number',pattern:'#0.01%'}],rows:[{c:[{v:'Oil'},{v:0.37,f:'37.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Coal'},{v:0.25,f:'25.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Natural Gas'},{v:0.23,f:'23.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Nuclear'},{v:0.06,f:'6.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Biomass'},{v:0.04,f:'4.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Hydro'},{v:0.03,f:'3.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Solar Heat'},{v:0.005,f:'0.50%'}]},{c:[{v:'Wind'},{v:0.003,f:'0.30%'}]},{c:[{v:'Geothermal'},{v:0.002,f:'0.20%'}]},{c:[{v:'Biofuels'},{v:0.002,f:'0.20%'}]},{c:[{v:'Solar photovoltaic'},{v:4.0E-4,f:'0.04%'}]}]}});Connection closed by foreign host. Mac$ telnet spreadsheets.google.com 80 Trying 209.85.231.100... Connected to spreadsheets.l.google.com. Escape character is '^]'. GET http://spreadsheets.google.com/tq?key=pWiorx-0l9mwIuwX5CbEALA&range=A1:B12&gid=0&headers=-1 HTTP/1.0 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2010 11:07:58 GMT Expires: Wed, 16 Jun 2010 11:07:58 GMT Cache-Control: private, max-age=0 X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block Server: GSE google.visualization.Query.setResponse({version:'0.6',status:'ok',sig:'106459472',table:{cols:[{id:'A',label:'Source',type:'string',pattern:''},{id:'B',label:'Percent',type:'number',pattern:'#0.01%'}],rows:[{c:[{v:'Oil'},{v:0.37,f:'37.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Coal'},{v:0.25,f:'25.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Natural Gas'},{v:0.23,f:'23.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Nuclear'},{v:0.06,f:'6.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Biomass'},{v:0.04,f:'4.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Hydro'},{v:0.03,f:'3.00%'}]},{c:[{v:'Solar Heat'},{v:0.005,f:'0.50%'}]},{c:[{v:'Wind'},{v:0.003,f:'0.30%'}]},{c:[{v:'Geothermal'},{v:0.002,f:'0.20%'}]},{c:[{v:'Biofuels'},{v:0.002,f:'0.20%'}]},{c:[{v:'Solar photovoltaic'},{v:4.0E-4,f:'0.04%'}]}]}});Connection closed by foreign host. Also, please note that App engine did not allow the Expires header to go through - can that be the reason? But if that is the reason, then it should not fail if B is sent first and then A. Comment [1] : http://spreadsheets.google.com/tq?key=pWiorx-0l9mwIuwX5CbEALA&range=A1:B12&gid=0&headers=-1

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  • What is your contribution to open source projects?

    - by Yuval A
    I was always wondering about this seemingly utopic world of open source. Assuming the vast majority of users here are professional software engineers which need some sort of income source, I assume most of us hold stable, money-making jobs. So who are the key players in the open source community? Who are the people which devote their precious time to these projects? What is their benefit? Are the majority just people who see a bug, fix it, submit, and forget about the project? Or are they people constantly involved in the process of building the product? How do you find yourself contributing to open source projects?

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  • Create Event Handler for TreeViewItem in WPF

    - by nihi_l_ist
    Im adding items to TreeView control via ItemsSource property and ItemTemplate property to set the template for TreeViewItem. How can i add an event handler to handle selection change event on TreeViewItems? For now my ItemTemplate looks like this: <Window.Resources><DataTemplate x:Key="PeerDetailTemplate"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding DESCRIPTION}" Tag="{Binding ID}" GotFocus="GetModules"/> </DataTemplate></Window.Resources> But it doesnt work (GetModules is not called). Im new to WPF, so show me the right direction to do such things, please.

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  • PHP: How to dynamically add to http_build_query?

    - by oni-kun
    I have a scraping object basically. I want to be able to add POST variables to it like $obj->addvar('Name', 'Value'); What I have now is this: function addvar($var, $val) { $postvars[] = Array($var=>$val); } function initiate() { $this->q = $postvars; } if(!empty($this->post)) { $this->params = http_build_query($q); } I haven't tested because it's too incomplete, But would my addvar() function work? How on earth do I append a key+value to the array so http_build_query would accept it? IE (this is what I want): $obj->addvar('username', 'abc'); $obj->addvar('password', 'foobar'); $obj->send(); //..

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  • Proper indentation in array initialization, PDT/Zend Studio

    - by Sergei Stolyarov
    I'm using the following style of array initialization in the code: $a = array( 'one' => 123, 'two' => 456 ); But PDT/Zend Studio doesn't work properly in this case; after pressing [Return] key it places cursor under the $a (in my example) and ignores indentation. If array keys are numbers (at least not start with quotation marks) everything is working fine. This is how it works currently (| — is a position where edtitor places caret after pressing [Return]) $a = array( 'one' => 123,[RETURN] | ); This is expected result: $a = array( 'one' => 123,[RETURN] | ); So is it possible to force editor follow my indentation rules?

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  • Creating and Indexing Email Database using SqlCe

    - by Anindya Chatterjee
    I am creating a simple email client program. I am using MS SqlCe as a storage of emails. The database schema for storing the message is as follows: StorageId int IDENTITY NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, FolderName nvarchar(255) NOT NULL, MessageId nvarchar(3999) NOT NULL, MessageDate datetime NOT NULL, StorageData ntext NULL In the StorageData field I am going to store the MIME message as byte array. But the problem arises when I am going to implement search on the stored messages. I have no idea how I am going to index the messages on top of this schema. Can anyone please help me in suggesting a good but simple schema, so that it will be effective in terms of storage space and search friendliness as well? Regards, Anindya Chatterjee

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  • What's up with LDoms: Part 2 - Creating a first, simple guest

    - by Stefan Hinker
    Welcome back! In the first part, we discussed the basic concepts of LDoms and how to configure a simple control domain.  We saw how resources were put aside for guest systems and what infrastructure we need for them.  With that, we are now ready to create a first, very simple guest domain.  In this first example, we'll keep things very simple.  Later on, we'll have a detailed look at things like sizing, IO redundancy, other types of IO as well as security. For now,let's start with this very simple guest.  It'll have one core's worth of CPU, one crypto unit, 8GB of RAM, a single boot disk and one network port.  CPU and RAM are easy.  The network port we'll create by attaching a virtual network port to the vswitch we created in the primary domain.  This is very much like plugging a cable into a computer system on one end and a network switch on the other.  For the boot disk, we'll need two things: A physical piece of storage to hold the data - this is called the backend device in LDoms speak.  And then a mapping between that storage and the guest domain, giving it access to that virtual disk.  For this example, we'll use a ZFS volume for the backend.  We'll discuss what other options there are for this and how to chose the right one in a later article.  Here we go: root@sun # ldm create mars root@sun # ldm set-vcpu 8 mars root@sun # ldm set-mau 1 mars root@sun # ldm set-memory 8g mars root@sun # zfs create rpool/guests root@sun # zfs create -V 32g rpool/guests/mars.bootdisk root@sun # ldm add-vdsdev /dev/zvol/dsk/rpool/guests/mars.bootdisk \ mars.root@primary-vds root@sun # ldm add-vdisk root mars.root@primary-vds mars root@sun # ldm add-vnet net0 switch-primary mars That's all, mars is now ready to power on.  There are just three commands between us and the OK prompt of mars:  We have to "bind" the domain, start it and connect to its console.  Binding is the process where the hypervisor actually puts all the pieces that we've configured together.  If we made a mistake, binding is where we'll be told (starting in version 2.1, a lot of sanity checking has been put into the config commands themselves, but binding will catch everything else).  Once bound, we can start (and of course later stop) the domain, which will trigger the boot process of OBP.  By default, the domain will then try to boot right away.  If we don't want that, we can set "auto-boot?" to false.  Finally, we'll use telnet to connect to the console of our newly created guest.  The output of "ldm list" shows us what port has been assigned to mars.  By default, the console service only listens on the loopback interface, so using telnet is not a large security concern here. root@sun # ldm set-variable auto-boot\?=false mars root@sun # ldm bind mars root@sun # ldm start mars root@sun # ldm list NAME STATE FLAGS CONS VCPU MEMORY UTIL UPTIME primary active -n-cv- UART 8 7680M 0.5% 1d 4h 30m mars active -t---- 5000 8 8G 12% 1s root@sun # telnet localhost 5000 Trying 127.0.0.1... Connected to localhost. Escape character is '^]'. ~Connecting to console "mars" in group "mars" .... Press ~? for control options .. {0} ok banner SPARC T3-4, No Keyboard Copyright (c) 1998, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. OpenBoot 4.33.1, 8192 MB memory available, Serial # 87203131. Ethernet address 0:21:28:24:1b:50, Host ID: 85241b50. {0} ok We're done, mars is ready to install Solaris, preferably using AI, of course ;-)  But before we do that, let's have a little look at the OBP environment to see how our virtual devices show up here: {0} ok printenv auto-boot? auto-boot? = false {0} ok printenv boot-device boot-device = disk net {0} ok devalias root /virtual-devices@100/channel-devices@200/disk@0 net0 /virtual-devices@100/channel-devices@200/network@0 net /virtual-devices@100/channel-devices@200/network@0 disk /virtual-devices@100/channel-devices@200/disk@0 virtual-console /virtual-devices/console@1 name aliases We can see that setting the OBP variable "auto-boot?" to false with the ldm command worked.  Of course, we'd normally set this to "true" to allow Solaris to boot right away once the LDom guest is started.  The setting for "boot-device" is the default "disk net", which means OBP would try to boot off the devices pointed to by the aliases "disk" and "net" in that order, which usually means "disk" once Solaris is installed on the disk image.  The actual devices these aliases point to are shown with the command "devalias".  Here, we have one line for both "disk" and "net".  The device paths speak for themselves.  Note that each of these devices has a second alias: "net0" for the network device and "root" for the disk device.  These are the very same names we've given these devices in the control domain with the commands "ldm add-vnet" and "ldm add-vdisk".  Remember this, as it is very useful once you have several dozen disk devices... To wrap this up, in this part we've created a simple guest domain, complete with CPU, memory, boot disk and network connectivity.  This should be enough to get you going.  I will cover all the more advanced features and a little more theoretical background in several follow-on articles.  For some background reading, I'd recommend the following links: LDoms 2.2 Admin Guide: Setting up Guest Domains Virtual Console Server: vntsd manpage - This includes the control sequences and commands available to control the console session. OpenBoot 4.x command reference - All the things you can do at the ok prompt

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  • Entity Framework Custom T4 Template

    - by s7orm
    Hello, I am using the Entity Framework 4.0 and I am trying to extend my POCO classes generated by the standart T4 template with some custom properties. The classes which are generated by default from EF (without T4) contain 2 properties for every navigation property - NavigationPropertyId and navigationPropertyReference. What I am trying to do is basically extend the generated POCO class with an "Id" property of the foreign key object. I know that I can do that by editing the POCO t4 template. However I have no idea how I can populate/persist the property - I guess I have to somehow extend/modify the method than converts the object to a sql query and vice versa, but I have no idea where to start. Can anyone help? Edit: I just found out, that the EF team has planned to implement something like this - http://blogs.msdn.com/efdesign/archive/2010/03/10/poco-template-code-generation-options.aspx (see Basic POCO with/without Fixup), however this can take ages, so I rather implement it myself.

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  • Another Marketing Conference, part one – the best morning sessions.

    - by Roger Hart
    Yesterday I went to Another Marketing Conference. I honestly can’t tell if the title is just tipping over into smug, but in the balance of things that doesn’t matter, because it was a good conference. There was an enjoyable blend of theoretical and practical, and enough inter-disciplinary spread to keep my inner dilettante grinning from ear to ear. Sure, there was a bumpy bit in the middle, with two back-to-back sales pitches and a rather thin overview of the state of the web. But the signal:noise ratio at AMC2012 was impressively high. Here’s the first part of my write-up of the sessions. It’s a bit of a mammoth. It’s also a bit of a mash-up of what was said and what I thought about it. I’ll add links to the videos and slides from the sessions as they become available. Although it was in the morning session, I’ve not included Vanessa Northam’s session on the power of internal comms to build brand ambassadors. It’ll be in the next roundup, as this is already pushing 2.5k words. First, the important stuff. I was keeping a tally, and nobody said “synergy” or “leverage”. I did, however, hear the term “marketeers” six times. Shame on you – you know who you are. 1 – Branding in a post-digital world, Graham Hales This initially looked like being a sales presentation for Interbrand, but Graham pulled it out of the bag a few minutes in. He introduced a model for brand management that was essentially Plan >> Do >> Check >> Act, with Do and Check rolled up together, and went on to stress that this looks like on overall business management model for a reason. Brand has to be part of your overall business strategy and metrics if you’re going to care about it at all. This was the first iteration of what proved to be one of the event’s emergent themes: do it throughout the stack or don’t bother. Graham went on to remind us that brands, in so far as they are owned at all, are owned by and co-created with our customers. Advertising can offer a message to customers, but they provide the expression of a brand. This was a preface to talking about an increasingly chaotic marketplace, with increasingly hard-to-manage purchase processes. Services like Amazon reviews and TripAdvisor (four presenters would make this point) saturate customers with information, and give them a kind of vigilante power to comment on and define brands. Consequentially, they experience a number of “moments of deflection” in our sales funnels. Our control is lessened, and failure to engage can negatively-impact buying decisions increasingly poorly. The clearest example given was the failure of NatWest’s “caring bank” campaign, where staff in branches, customer support, and online presences didn’t align. A discontinuity of experience basically made the campaign worthless, and disgruntled customers talked about it loudly on social media. This in turn presented an opportunity to engage and show caring, but that wasn’t taken. What I took away was that brand (co)creation is ongoing and needs monitoring and metrics. But reciprocally, given you get what you measure, strategy and metrics must include brand if any kind of branding is to work at all. Campaigns and messages must permeate product and service design. What that doesn’t mean (and Graham didn’t say it did) is putting Marketing at the top of the pyramid, and having them bawl demands at Product Management, Support, and Development like an entitled toddler. It’s going to have to be collaborative, and session 6 on internal comms handled this really well. The main thing missing here was substantiating data, and the main question I found myself chewing on was: if we’re building brands collaboratively and in the open, what about the cultural politics of trolling? 2 – Challenging our core beliefs about human behaviour, Mark Earls This was definitely the best show of the day. It was also some of the best content. Mark talked us through nudging, behavioural economics, and some key misconceptions around decision making. Basically, people aren’t rational, they’re petty, reactive, emotional sacks of meat, and they’ll go where they’re led. Comforting stuff. Examples given were the spread of the London Riots and the “discovery” of the mountains of Kong, and the popularity of Susan Boyle, which, in turn made me think about Per Mollerup’s concept of “social wayshowing”. Mark boiled his thoughts down into four key points which I completely failed to write down word for word: People do, then think – Changing minds to change behaviour doesn’t work. Post-rationalization rules the day. See also: mere exposure effects. Spock < Kirk - Emotional/intuitive comes first, then we rationalize impulses. The non-thinking, emotive, reactive processes run much faster than the deliberative ones. People are not really rational decision makers, so  intervening with information may not be appropriate. Maximisers or satisficers? – Related to the last point. People do not consistently, rationally, maximise. When faced with an abundance of choice, they prefer to satisfice than evaluate, and will often follow social leads rather than think. Things tend to converge – Behaviour trends to a consensus normal. When faced with choices people overwhelmingly just do what they see others doing. Humans are extraordinarily good at mirroring behaviours and receiving influence. People “outsource the cognitive load” of choices to the crowd. Mark’s headline quote was probably “the real influence happens at the table next to you”. Reference examples, word of mouth, and social influence are tremendously important, and so talking about product experiences may be more important than talking about products. This reminded me of Kathy Sierra’s “creating bad-ass users” concept of designing to make people more awesome rather than products they like. If we can expose user-awesome, and make sharing easy, we can normalise the behaviours we want. If we normalize the behaviours we want, people should make and post-rationalize the buying decisions we want.  Where we need to be: “A bigger boy made me do it” Where we are: “a wizard did it and ran away” However, it’s worth bearing in mind that some purchasing decisions are personal and informed rather than social and reactive. There’s a quadrant diagram, in fact. What was really interesting, though, towards the end of the talk, was some advice for working out how social your products might be. The standard technology adoption lifecycle graph is essentially about social product diffusion. So this idea isn’t really new. Geoffrey Moore’s “chasm” idea may not strictly apply. However, his concepts of beachheads and reference segments are exactly what is required to normalize and thus enable purchase decisions (behaviour change). The final thing is that in only very few categories does a better product actually affect purchase decision. Where the choice is personal and informed, this is true. But where it’s personal and impulsive, or in any way social, “better” is trumped by popularity, endorsement, or “point of sale salience”. UX, UCD, and e-commerce know this to be true. A better (and easier) experience will always beat “more features”. Easy to use, and easy to observe being used will beat “what the user says they want”. This made me think about the astounding stickiness of rational fallacies, “common sense” and the pathological willful simplifications of the media. Rational fallacies seem like they’re basically the heuristics we use for post-rationalization. If I were profoundly grimy and cynical, I’d suggest deploying a boat-load in our messaging, to see if they’re really as sticky and appealing as they look. 4 – Changing behaviour through communication, Stephen Donajgrodzki This was a fantastic follow up to Mark’s session. Stephen basically talked us through some tactics used in public information/health comms that implement the kind of behavioural theory Mark introduced. The session was largely about how to get people to do (good) things they’re predisposed not to do, and how communication can (and can’t) make positive interventions. A couple of things stood out, in particular “implementation intentions” and how they can be linked to goals. For example, in order to get people to check and test their smoke alarms (a goal intention, rarely actualized  an information campaign will attempt to link this activity to the clocks going back or forward (a strong implementation intention, well-actualized). The talk reinforced the idea that making behaviour changes easy and visible normalizes them and makes them more likely to succeed. To do this, they have to be embodied throughout a product and service cycle. Experiential disconnects undermine the normalization. So campaigns, products, and customer interactions must be aligned. This is underscored by the second section of the presentation, which talked about interventions and pre-conditions for change. Taking the examples of drug addiction and stopping smoking, Stephen showed us a framework for attempting (and succeeding or failing in) behaviour change. He noted that when the change is something people fundamentally want to do, and that is easy, this gets a to simpler. Coordinated, easily-observed environmental pressures create preconditions for change and build motivation. (price, pub smoking ban, ad campaigns, friend quitting, declining social acceptability) A triggering even leads to a change attempt. (getting a cold and panicking about how bad the cough is) Interventions can be made to enable an attempt (NHS services, public information, nicotine patches) If it succeeds – yay. If it fails, there’s strong negative enforcement. Triggering events seem largely personal, but messaging can intervene in the creation of preconditions and in supporting decisions. Stephen talked more about systems of thinking and “bounded rationality”. The idea being that to enable change you need to break through “automatic” thinking into “reflective” thinking. Disruption and emotion are great tools for this, but that is only the start of the process. It occurs to me that a great deal of market research is focused on determining triggers rather than analysing necessary preconditions. Although they are presumably related. The final section talked about setting goals. Marketing goals are often seen as deriving directly from business goals. However, marketing may be unable to deliver on these directly where decision and behaviour-change processes are involved. In those cases, marketing and communication goals should be to create preconditions. They should also consider priming and norms. Content marketing and brand awareness are good first steps here, as brands can be heuristics in decision making for choice-saturated consumers, or those seeking education. 5 – The power of engaged communities and how to build them, Harriet Minter (the Guardian) The meat of this was that you need to let communities define and establish themselves, and be quick to react to their needs. Harriet had been in charge of building the Guardian’s community sites, and learned a lot about how they come together, stabilize  grow, and react. Crucially, they can’t be about sales or push messaging. A community is not just an audience. It’s essential to start with what this particular segment or tribe are interested in, then what they want to hear. Eventually you can consider – in light of this – what they might want to buy, but you can’t start with the product. A community won’t cohere around one you’re pushing. Her tips for community building were (again, sorry, not verbatim): Set goals Have some targets. Community building sounds vague and fluffy, but you can have (and adjust) concrete goals. Think like a start-up This is the “lean” stuff. Try things, fail quickly, respond. Don’t restrict platforms Let the audience choose them, and be aware of their differences. For example, LinkedIn is very different to Twitter. Track your stats Related to the first point. Keeping an eye on the numbers lets you respond. They should be qualified, however. If you want a community of enterprise decision makers, headcount alone may be a bad metric – have you got CIOs, or just people who want to get jobs by mingling with CIOs? Build brand advocates Do things to involve people and make them awesome, and they’ll cheer-lead for you. The last part really got my attention. Little bits of drive-by kindness go a long way. But more than that, genuinely helping people turns them into powerful advocates. Harriet gave an example of the Guardian engaging with an aspiring journalist on its Q&A forums. Through a series of serendipitous encounters he became a BBC producer, and now enthusiastically speaks up for the Guardian community sites. Cultivating many small, authentic, influential voices may have a better pay-off than schmoozing the big guys. This could be particularly important in the context of Mark and Stephen’s models of social, endorsement-led, and example-led decision making. There’s a lot here I haven’t covered, and it may be worth some follow-up on community building. Thoughts I was quite sceptical of nudge theory and behavioural economics. First off it sounds too good to be true, and second it sounds too sinister to permit. But I haven’t done the background reading. So I’m going to, and if it seems to hold real water, and if it’s possible to do it ethically (Stephen’s presentations suggests it may be) then it’s probably worth exploring. The message seemed to be: change what people do, and they’ll work out why afterwards. Moreover, the people around them will do it too. Make the things you want them to do extraordinarily easy and very, very visible. Normalize and support the decisions you want them to make, and they’ll make them. In practice this means not talking about the thing, but showing the user-awesome. Glib? Perhaps. But it feels worth considering. Also, if I ever run a marketing conference, I’m going to ban speakers from using examples from Apple. Quite apart from not being consistently generalizable, it’s becoming an irritating cliché.

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  • A PHP design pattern for the model part [PHP Zend Framework]

    - by Matthieu
    I have a PHP MVC application using Zend Framework. As presented in the quickstart, I use 3 layers for the model part : Model (business logic) Data mapper Table data gateway (or data access object, i.e. one class per SQL table) The model is UML designed and totally independent of the DB. My problem is : I can't have multiple instances of the same "instance/record". For example : if I get, for example, the user "Chuck Norris" with id=5, this will create a new model instance wich members will be filled by the data mapper (the data mapper query the table data gateway that query the DB). Then, if I change the name to "Duck Norras", don't save it in DB right away, and re-load the same user in another variable, I have "synchronisation" problems... (different instances for the same "record") Right now, I use the Multiton pattern : like Singleton, but multiple instances indexed by a key (wich is the user ID in our example). But this is complicating my developpement a lot, and my testings too. How to do it right ?

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  • Scanf with Signals

    - by jreid42
    I have a signal that blocks SIGINT and basically says "Sorry, you can't quit.\n" The issue is this can occur during a scanf. When this occurs during a scanf, scanf takes in the printf as input. How can I do a printf that will cause scanf to basically hit the enter key automatically. I don't care that I am getting bad input. I just want to programatically finish that scanf with a printf or something else. Process: scanf("get stuff") - User is able to enter stuff in. - SIGINT occurs and goes to my handler. - Handler says "Blah blah blah" to stdout. - Scanf has taken this blah blah blah and is waiting for more input. How do I make it so that when I return scanf is finished (don't care what it has gathered I just want it to continue without user help).

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  • Difference between implementing an interface and applying an attribute in C#

    - by RemotecUk
    This might be a stupid question but Ill ask anyway, I was reading "OOP Demystified: A Self-Teaching Guide by Jim Keogh and Mario Giannini" chapter 11 which covers interfaces. The examples in this book are C++. I noticed that C++ uses ISerializable to make a class serializable which you would implement where as in C# you just attribute the class with the [Serializable] attribute. What is the key difference here? Is it that with an interface you must provide the implementation where as if you attribute something the compiler will work out the implementation for you? I guess that with the [Serializable] attribute the .Net framework uses reflection to make the serialized object from the actual object. That said is it possible in that case to have an [Disposable] attribute or using my theory above the framework wont know how to actually dispose of an object hence you have to do it yourself? Would be grateful for a clarification. Thanks.

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  • box-shadow : is there a "box-shadow-color" ?

    - by Epaga
    Note: CSS novice here. Be gentle. ;-) I have the following CSS: ... -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 2px #a00; -moz-box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 2px #a00; ... Now I am trying to extract that color to make the page colors "skinnable". Is there any way of doing this? Simply removing the color, and then using the same key again later overwrites the original rule. There doesn't seem to be a -webkit-box-shadow-color, at least Google turns nothing up.

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  • Alternative Menu Items in NSMenu

    - by Nick Paulson
    Hi, I have an NSMenu that contains NSMenuItems with custom views. I want it so that when the alt button is pressed, the menu items would change part of their look (through their view). I found setAlternative in the NSMenuItem docs, however, in practice I could only get it to work with NSMenuItems without custom views. As soon as I set a custom view, all of the menu items would be displayed. Also, I tried getting keypress events while the menu was open. Due to the other run loop, NSApplication's sendEvent: doesn't receive events until after the menu is closed. Therefore, I can't just intercept the event coming in. Does anyone know how I can get notified, whether through delegation or subclassing, of when the alt key is pressed when a menu is opened?

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