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• Linux certification

  - by nitins

  I have been working in Linux administration for 2.5 years. I would like to have a certification in this. Yes RHCE is an option. I think already know most of the RHCE stuff. But I would like to have some thing advanced. I ready to for a full time course as I not getting the exposure in my current company. Please give me suggestions about training/courses ? I find a couse RHCA(Architect). Need to know if this is good ?

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• Linux server remounted to read-only

  - by Eustahije

  I have tried to find anwser on SF, but no luck. Nothing worked. (and I have just basic knowledge of linux systems - I'm more developer) Hour ago I noticed that database is not reacting anymore. From some reason system went to readonly mode. Complete server is now, ofc, unavailable. Server is VPS in Dutch company, and have no idea what I can do with it now to unlock it. Every suggestion would be more then appriciated. I tried to save as much of database as possible but there are 20G of images, that would be hard to backup, but I can do that also, if that is something that is smart to do.

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• Text Terminal Hardware (for Linux)

  - by DLH

  Is there any way to obtain a hardware text terminal (preferably small in size) with a screen and a keypad to connect to a Linux machine (preferably via usb)? I'd like to be able to log into a command line and do some work there while simultaneously running a graphical environment on the main display. It seems like there should be some kind of lcd screen and qwerty keypad device designed for this purpose. Does this exist, and how do I get one? Edit: I'd be happy with a small networked device as well, as long as I could get a remote terminal into my computer.

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• Copy Network Volume configuration among Linux systems

  - by David Yu

  I have several standalone Debian Linux (Lenny) systems. As it stands now, all of the systems are configured with a generic login account. This login account has a network volume that connects to a Windows share on a Windows server. I need to create a batch of user accounts on all of the systems (this part I figured out). After I create all of the user accounts, I need all of them to have the same network volume mapping as the current generic account. Is the network volume configuration saved somewhere, where I could copy that configuration across all of the user accounts?

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• How to set the preferred network interface in linux

  - by Mike Cooper

  I have my network set up like this. http://docs.google.com/Doc?docid=0AZ1YxuLE4djaZGhqN2s1NmRfMjhjNjc0Ym1meg&hl=en In words: I have a machine (Calcium, running Arch Linux) that has two network interfaces. eth0 is hoooked up to a router, and is gigabit. Eth1 is hooked up directly to the university network over 10Megabit. The router's uplink is hooked up to the university network as well, and it is also 10Megabit. Currently (I believe) all traffic on Calcium is going through eth0, through the router, regardless of whether it is internal or external. (How can I confirm this?) Ideally, traffic that is destined for the internal network (192.168.10.0/24) would travel over eth0 to the router, and wherever it is going. ALL other traffic should go over eth1.

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• limit linux background flush (dirty pages)

  - by korkman

  Background flushing in linux happens when either too much written data is pending (adjustable via /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio) or a timeout for pending writes is reached (/proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs). Unless another limit is being hit (/proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio), more written data may be cached. Further writes will block. In theory, this should create a background process writing out dirty pages without disturbing other processes. In practice, it does disturb any process doing uncached reading or synchronous writing. Badly. This is because the background flush actually writes at 100% device speed and any other device requests at this time will be delayed (because all queues and write-caches on the road are filled). Is there any way to limit the amount of requests per second the flushing process performs, or otherwise effectively prioritize other device I/O?

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• Any good PostgreSQL client for linux?

  - by senotrusov

  stackoverflow points me "belongs-on-serverfault" on this, so crossposting. I am frustrated of not having a good Linux GUI administration and development tool for PostgreSQL. pgAdmin III is buggy and unusable piece of... hmm, software, compared to Windows-only PostgreSQL Maestro and EMS PostgreSQL manager. phpPgaAmin does not looks promising. EMS PostgreSQL manager can work under Wine, but such setup have a number of issues. Requirements are: Table data editing and browsing for large tables (1M+), able to jump by FK or some master-slave editing, GUI filtering and so on. ER diagrams with in-place schema editing Schema editing and browsing with all useful GUI support Schema changes log to put into DB versioning (migrations script). Tabbed interface to be able to work with a number of tables and SQL queries at once. And so on. Any ideas?

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• Extracting metadata from flac header in linux

  - by Tommy Fisk

  Hello. I recently (and accidentally) wiped a hard-drive which should NOT have been formatted. Thankfully, PhotoRec was able to recover some of the most important files from the disk. Part of those files include a large music collection of flac files. I've placed these in a folder named 'FLAC' that looks like this: [Start of FLAC Folder] f11655088.flac f11698672.flac ... (around 2,000 files total) f291142600.flac [End of FLAC Folder] I'm running a livecd to rescue this data. I have access to a standard terminal in Ubuntu 10.10. I've noticed that the music player in linux will display the song title when I open any of these songs. My goal is to automatically extract the song title from these files and update their names from f12313512.flac to 'Libera - Rebirth.flac' - or whatever the song title happens to be. Thanks in advance for suggestions on how I might accomplish this!

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• Created User in Linux (Ubuntu) Without Creating a Home Directory - Causing Problems

  - by nicorellius

  This may be a rookie mistake, but I created a user (new user) in Linux on a Ubuntu system and didn't actually create the home directory for this user. Now, when I log in, it says there are problems... If I delete the path home/<new user> and try to log in the system tells me I can use root as home directory but I will likely experience problems, and then it won't let me log in. What is the best way to create this directory with the appropriate permissions? Should I just create another user and delete this one? I need some help...

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• Java sound doesn't work under Linux

  - by Cliff

  Help! I'm getting frustrated by the individual hoops I have to go through to eek sound out of my speakers when running Java apps on Linux platforms! I just installed Fedora 12 and after downloading and running the Java Sound Demo I get exceptions. If I run just a vanilla Java program that plays a wav file it runs silently with no sound and no exceptions. Every other app seems to play sound. I also took some advice from this thread in the Ubuntu forums which almost seemed to work. (Installing aoss got rid of the initial exceptions in the sound demo but I still hear nothing when I play.) can somebody help me figure out what's wrong?

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• Freebsd or Linux? as BGP router over 100mbps

  - by Yucong Sun

  I am building a server to act as a BGP border router for my 100mbps uplink in ISP. I needs these feature: 1) Dual stack BGP peering/routing (at least 100Mbps, maybe more). 2) Potential full internet BGP feed. 3) Some basic ACL functionality. The hardware is L3426/8G ram. NIC will be on-board dual port Broadcom 5716. I've worked with Linux extensively before and it seems to be able to handle 100mbps, but I heard FreeBSD is faster on networking stuff. Which one should I use? And do we have some performance benchmark numbers out there? Cheers.

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• Which Message Queue should I choose (must run on Linux)

  - by MHS

  There are many open source Message queues for Linux, and I need some help deciding what I should go for. My problem is simple - I get sent a list of files that needs to be processed. Each job can't be split up, but they are self contained and can be spread to multiple computers. I'm thinking of solving this using a message queue. Multiple clients send a message to a central queue. Each queue has a number of subscribers that will take jobs from that queue when they have finished processing the current job. Ideally it should have the following qualities Message queue must be able to store unprocessed messages in case of a shutdown/reboot A job can only be processed by a single subscriber (don't want duplicate jobs) The subscribers should be able to send jobs of their own, that will be processed by a different set of subscribers. Can anyone suggest a simple to use message queue?

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• Dumping a Linux console scrollback buffer?

  - by Gerald Combs

  We would like to save the output of a program run on a Linux console which spans many lines. Unfortunately it wasn't logged or run under screen, or any other way that lets us easily capture the output. The best method we've been able to come up with so far is: Log into the machine via a separate SSH session In the console session, page to the top of the buffer Repeat: In the SSH session, run "cat /dev/vcs >> screendump.txt" In the console session, page down one screen Dump the final screen in the SSH session Is there a better way? It seems like if the VC memory were contiguous and you knew where it was you could use dd to pull the console text directly out of kernel memory and into a file.

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• The meaning of thermal throttle counters and package power limit notifications in Linux

  - by Trustin Lee

  Whenever I do some performance testing on my Linux-installed MacBook Pro, I often see the following messages in dmesg: Aug 8 09:29:31 infinity kernel: [79791.789404] CPU1: Package power limit notification (total events = 40365) Aug 8 09:29:31 infinity kernel: [79791.789408] CPU3: Package power limit notification (total events = 40367) Aug 8 09:29:31 infinity kernel: [79791.789411] CPU2: Package power limit notification (total events = 40453) Aug 8 09:29:31 infinity kernel: [79791.789414] CPU0: Package power limit notification (total events = 40453) I also see the throttle counters in the sysfs increases over time: trustin@infinity:/sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/thermal_throttle $ ls core_power_limit_count package_power_limit_count core_throttle_count package_throttle_count $ cat core_power_limit_count 0 $ cat core_throttle_count 41912 $ cat package_power_limit_count 67945 $ cat package_throttle_count 67565 What do these counters mean? Do they affect the performance of CPU or system? Do they result in increased deviation of performance numbers? (i.e. Do they prevent me from getting reliable performance numbers?) If so, how do I avoid these messages and increasing counters? Would running the performance tests on a well-cooled desktop system help?

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• Linux HA - Best Heartbeat hardware solution

  - by Martino Dino

  Hi all I would ask anyone what is the best layer 2 medium for heartbeat in Linux and how it's best configured. More precisely I've been thinking about a dedicated NIC for that purpose but then i thought that if a switch breaks then i would loose the heartbeat connection for most of the cluster and STONITH 'BUM'!!! Will probably loose my job after :) Distributing the heartbeat onto the main NICs of every node trough a vif sounds reasonable but im not sure if this is the best option (at least the switches are redundant to some extent). Is it possible to use heartbeat over a bonded interface and that sounds reasonable? Do you have any other tip/solution for that issue?

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• Trying to determine the correct number of XFS allocation groups for postgresql server on Linux

  - by HBlend

  I am running a postgres 8.4.5 server on the linux 2.6.33.7 kernel on an 8 disk raid array with an LSI controller. Most of the tables are around 1GB or less. I know that XFS uses allocation groups (AG) to achieve I/O parallelism. My first question is, does this mean that if two tables are in the same AG, all I/O requests are queued to both of them if either is being read from/written to? If so, I assume I would want to spread my tables across as my allocation groups as possible, correct? Wouldn't this ensure that multiple users querying different tables would get the best performance?

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• Disable pendrive blinking in Linux

  - by Joey Adams

  I recently bought a 16GB Super Talent pen drive that seems to work well for running the Ubuntu Live "CD" in persistent mode (see this for how I installed it). One slightly annoying thing, however, is that this pen drive has a bright red light on it that stays on when it's idle. Is there a way to make the light stay off at least when the pen drive is not performing IO? I'm not even sure it's possible to do. If there is (in Linux), I'm guessing it boils down to some ioctl invoked by some utility. Otherwise, I imagine it would involve hacking the firmware or simply opening up the pen drive and removing the LED :D Then again, I guess it keeps the LED on to indicate that the drive should not be removed.

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• Shaping outbound Traffic to Control Download Speeds with Linux

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I have a situation where a server makes lots of requests from big webservers all at the same time. Currently, I have not control over the amount of requests or the rate of the requests from the application that does this. The responses from these webservers is more than the internet line can handle. (Basically, we are launching a DoS on ourselves). I am going to get push to get this fixed at the application level, but for the time being, is there anyway I can use traffic shaping on the Linux server to control this? I know I can only shape outbound traffic, but maybe there is a way I can slow the TCP responses so the other side will detect congestion and this will help my situation? If there is anything like this with tc, what might the configuration look like? The idea is that the traffic control might help me control which packets get dropped before they reach my router.

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• Unable to use NTFS partition for Dropbox in Linux

  - by Cristian

  Dropbox won't let me choose the sync folder inside a NTFS partition. First thought I had was mounting and its permissions (the Dropbox installer does let me choose my linux home as the Dropbox home). After searching and trying several other lines, the partition is mounted via fstab with these settings: /dev/sda5 /mnt/documents ntfs-3g uid=1000,gid=100,dmask=027,fmask=137 0 0 I can read and write in the partition, here is a ls output: 24 drwxr-x--- 1 tuxcayc users 24576 Sep 2 06:42 documents I'm using an Arch-based distro (Manjaro) and Dropbox installed via yaourt. I guess it's still some issue with mounting permissions. Any help is appreciated, Thanks.

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• Linux Router - Share bandwidth per IPs with current active connections

  - by SRoe

  We have a Linux machine running as a custom router, currently utilising Shorewall. This sits between our incoming internet connection and the internal LAN. What we would like to achieve is 'fair use' of the bandwidth on a per IP basis. If only one person currently has an active connection then they get 100% utilisation of the line. However if 20 people have active connections then they should each get 5% utilisation of the line. This should be irrespective of the number of connections held by each user. For example, say we have two users, Bill and Ted, that both have active connections. Bill has a single active connection while Ted has ten active connections. Bill should get 50% utilisation for his single connections whilst Ted should get 5% utilisation for each of his ten connections, giving Ted a total utilisation of 50%.

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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Understanding the Linux Root

  - by Zac

  I've been using Linux (Ubuntu) for about 2 weeks now and am still struggling with some basic concept surrounding the root user: (1) Some terminal operations (such as making subdirectories inside a FHS directory such as /opt) require me to prefix the command with sudo - why? I guess what I'm choking on is: if I'm already logged in as a valid system user, why do I have to be a superuser/root in order to modify things that the sysadmin has already deemed me worthy of accessing? (2) Is there a GUI (Gnome, KDE) equivalent to sudo? Is there a way to assume a superuser role through a graphical context, rather than from inside a new shell? (3) I can't access the /root directory logged in as myself... but I installed the system to begin with and was never asked to create a root account! How do I log in as root and gain access to /root?!? Thanks for all feedback & input!

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• Compress, enctypt and upload a directory to an FTP server in Linux

  - by Kristoffer L

  I want to acomplish something rather simple (at least it would seem to be): Compress a directory Encrypt the compressed file Upload the compressed & encrypted file via FTP I also want to acomplish this in an automated fashion on Linux server. TrueCrypt is not really an option as it seems it can't complress a single file, instead you have to make a volume that you mount and move the files into. This question answers how to do the the upload and I know how to compress a directory. It is just the encryption that's giving me problems.

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• Analyzing Linux NFS server performance

  - by Kamil Kisiel

  I'd like to do some analysis of our NFS server to help track down potential bottlenecks in our applications. The server is running SUSE Enterprise Linux 10. The kind of things I'm looking to know are: Which files are being accessed by which clients Read/write throughput on a per-client basis Overhead imposed by other RPC calls Time spent waiting on other NFS requests, or disk I/O, to service a client I already know about the statistics available in /proc/net/rpc/nfsd and in fact I wrote a blog post describing them in depth. What I'm looking for is a way to dig deeper and help understand what factors are contributing to the performance seen by a particular client. I want to analyze the role the NFS server plays in the performance of an application on our cluster so that I can think of ways to best optimize it.

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• Creating a filesystem on a file in linux for software development purposes

  - by David

  This question originally start at Superuser.com http://superuser.com/questions/130032/available-filesystems-for-linux-that-are-case-insensitive Summary: My client has a PHP web application that was written and is served from a Windows environments. Unfortunately the past developer didn't obey naming conventions so file includes are of the form "/file/At/SomethingHere.php" when on disk the path is actually "/File/at/Somethinghere.php". I do not want to use Windows for development but the filesystems I use (ext2, ext3 ) are case sensitive. I think the solution will be to create a filesystem like FAT 32 or similar, but I am somewhat clueless how to accomplish that. Starting to read up on DD and fdisk to figure out if those are the correct tools I will need.

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