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• setting up Ubuntu 10.10 as paravirtualized guest in Xen on RHEL5 host - what kernel?

  - by kostmo

  I've discovered the tool ubuntu-vm-builder, which I've installed and then invoked on an Ubuntu workstation as: sudo vmbuilder xen ubuntu --suite maverick --flavour virtual --arch amd64 --mem=512 --rootsize 8192 This workstation is not the intended target host of the virtual machine, however; I would like to host the guest on a Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 machine that is running Xen 3.0.3. The output of this command appears to be a folder named ubuntu-xen containing three files: tmpXXXXXX, a very large file which I assume is the root partition image tmpYYYYYY, a somewhat large file which I assume is the swap partition image xen.conf, a text file I have copied the xen.conf file to the RHEL server's /etc/xen directory under the new name newvm, adjusting the paths of tempXXXXXX and tempYYYYYYin the file after also copying them from my local workstation to the RHEL server. When I launch the Virtual Machine Manager virt-manager, I can see the newvm virtual machine listed underneath the Dom0 machine. When I try to start newvm, I get the error: Error starting domain: virDomainCreate() failed POST operation failed: (xend.err 'Error creating domain: Kernel image does not exist: None') Indeed, there exists an entry kernel = 'None' in the xen.conf file. How do I find out what the path of the kernel should be? Is this path supposed to be to a kernel stored on the local filesystem of the RHEL5 host, or is it supposed to be a path inside the guest image? I see that the vmbuilder command provides for a --xen-kernel option, along with a --xen-ramdisk option, but I'm not sure what to use for either. I think I should be able to get this to work, since Ubuntu is said to be supported as a Xen guest, even though the Xen 4.0.1 docs state support for only a limited set of distributions, Ubuntu excluded. Update 1 When running vmbuilder on my local workstation, I did observe an output line saying: Calling hook: install_kernel and later, output lines saying: update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-23-virtual [...] run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 2.6.35-23-virtual /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual So in the xen.conf file, I tried setting the lines: kernel = '/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual' ramdisk = '/boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-23-virtual' When trying to start the VM, I got an error similar to last time: Error starting domain: virDomainCreate() failed POST operation failed: (xend.err 'Error creating domain: Kernel image does not exist: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual') This makes me think that the RHEL5 machine is looking for local files, rather than a file within the binary guest disk image. After running sudo updatedb on my workstation, neither of those files were found. If the vmbuilder tool had tried to install them, it must have failed. Update 2 I was able to extract the kernel and initrd images from the guest disk binary by mounting it: mkdir mnt_tmp sudo mount ubuntu-xen/tmpXXXXXX mnt_tmp/ -o loop cp mnt_tmp/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual virtual_kernel_ubuntu cp mnt_tmp/boot/initrd.img-2.6.35-23-virtual virtual_initrd_ubuntu These two files I copied to the RHEL5 server, and edited the xen.conf file to point to them as kernel and ramdisk. With this done, I could "run" the newvm virtual machine from within virt-manager, but was met with the message Console Not Configured For Guest when I double clicked the entry to open the Virtual Machine Console. As suggested by a forum, I then added the line vfb = [ 'type=vnc' ] to the configuration file, recreated the virtual machine (a ~10 min process), and this time got the message: Connecting to console for guest This remained indefinitely; after selecting View - Serial Console, I found a kernel panic: [5442621.272173] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill the idle task! [5442621.272179] Pid: 0, comm: swapper Tainted: G D 2.6.35-23-virtual #41-Ubuntu [5442621.272184] Call Trace: [5442621.272191] [<ffffffff815a1b81>] panic+0x90/0x111 [5442621.272199] [<ffffffff810652ee>] do_exit+0x3be/0x3f0 [5442621.272204] [<ffffffff815a5e20>] oops_end+0xb0/0xf0 [5442621.272211] [<ffffffff8100ddeb>] die+0x5b/0x90 [5442621.272216] [<ffffffff815a56c4>] do_trap+0xc4/0x170 [5442621.272221] [<ffffffff8100ba35>] do_invalid_op+0x95/0xb0 [5442621.272227] [<ffffffff8130851c>] ? intel_idle+0xac/0x180 [5442621.272232] [<ffffffff810072bf>] ? xen_restore_fl_direct_end+0x0/0x1 [5442621.272239] [<ffffffff815a48fe>] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x1e/0x30 [5442621.272247] [<ffffffff8108dfb7>] ? tick_broadcast_oneshot_control+0xc7/0x120 [5442621.272253] [<ffffffff8100ad5b>] invalid_op+0x1b/0x20 [5442621.272259] [<ffffffff8130851c>] ? intel_idle+0xac/0x180 [5442621.272264] [<ffffffff813084e0>] ? intel_idle+0x70/0x180 [5442621.272269] [<ffffffff810072bf>] ? xen_restore_fl_direct_end+0x0/0x1 [5442621.272275] [<ffffffff8148a147>] cpuidle_idle_call+0xa7/0x140 [5442621.272281] [<ffffffff81008d93>] cpu_idle+0xb3/0x110 [5442621.272286] [<ffffffff815873aa>] rest_init+0x8a/0x90 [5442621.272291] [<ffffffff81b04c9d>] start_kernel+0x387/0x390 [5442621.272297] [<ffffffff81b04341>] x86_64_start_reservations+0x12c/0x130 [5442621.272303] [<ffffffff81b08002>] xen_start_kernel+0x55d/0x561 Update 3 I tried an i386 architecture instead of amd64, but got the same kernel panic. Also, it seems the Virtual Machine Manager pays attention to the format of the filename of the kernel; for the same kernel binary, I tried simply naming it vmlinuz-virtual, which threw out an error box about an invalid kernel. When I named it vmlinuz-2.6.35-23-virtual, it did not throw the error, but it did still result in the kernel panic shortly thereafter.

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• function taking in an input image and different kernel size

  - by drifterOcean19

  I have this filtering function that takes an input image, performs convolution using a given kernel, and returns the resulting image. However, I can't seem to work it out how to make it takes different kernel sizes.For example instead of pre-defined 3x3 kernel as below in the code, it could instead take 5x5 or 7x7. and then the user could input the type of kernel/filter they want(Depending on the intended effect). I can't seem to put my head around it. i'm quite new to matlab. function [newImg] = kernelFunc(imgB) img=imread(imgB); figure,imshow(img); img2=zeros(size(img)+2); newImg=zeros(size(img)); for rgb=1:3 for x=1:size(img,1) for y=1:size(img,2) img2(x+1,y+1,rgb)=img(x,y,rgb); end end end for rgb=1:3 for i= 1:size(img2,1)-2 for j=1:size(img2,2)-2 window=zeros(9,1); inc=1; for x=1:3 for y=1:3 window(inc)=img2(i+x-1,j+y-1,rgb); inc=inc+1; end end kernel=[1;2;1;2;4;2;1;2;1]/16; med=window.*kernel; disp(med); med=sum(med); med=floor(med); newImg(i,j,rgb)=med; end end end newImg=uint8(newImg); figure,imshow(newImg); end

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• Ubuntu 14.04 Boot Problem

  - by Sanyam Jain

  I am currently using windows 7 and wanted to try out Linux. I found out that Ubuntu is the most easy to learn Linux OS. So I create a Live USB of Ubuntu 14.04 with the help of the following link: How to make your own "Ubuntu LiveUSB" I created the Live USB successfully, but when I started my PC, i encountered an error message saying : Kernel Panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! Along with a lot of commands which I cannot even understand. I would be very grateful if anyone can tell me what is wrong.

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• C# 4.0: Dynamic Programming

  - by Paulo Morgado

  The major feature of C# 4.0 is dynamic programming. Not just dynamic typing, but dynamic in broader sense, which means talking to anything that is not statically typed to be a .NET object. Dynamic Language Runtime The Dynamic Language Runtime (DLR) is piece of technology that unifies dynamic programming on the .NET platform, the same way the Common Language Runtime (CLR) has been a common platform for statically typed languages. The CLR always had dynamic capabilities. You could always use reflection, but its main goal was never to be a dynamic programming environment and there were some features missing. The DLR is built on top of the CLR and adds those missing features to the .NET platform. The Dynamic Language Runtime is the core infrastructure that consists of: Expression Trees The same expression trees used in LINQ, now improved to support statements. Dynamic Dispatch Dispatches invocations to the appropriate binder. Call Site Caching For improved efficiency. Dynamic languages and languages with dynamic capabilities are built on top of the DLR. IronPython and IronRuby were already built on top of the DLR, and now, the support for using the DLR is being added to C# and Visual Basic. Other languages built on top of the CLR are expected to also use the DLR in the future. Underneath the DLR there are binders that talk to a variety of different technologies: .NET Binder Allows to talk to .NET objects. JavaScript Binder Allows to talk to JavaScript in SilverLight. IronPython Binder Allows to talk to IronPython. IronRuby Binder Allows to talk to IronRuby. COM Binder Allows to talk to COM. Whit all these binders it is possible to have a single programming experience to talk to all these environments that are not statically typed .NET objects. The dynamic Static Type Let’s take this traditional statically typed code: Calculator calculator = GetCalculator(); int sum = calculator.Sum(10, 20); Because the variable that receives the return value of the GetCalulator method is statically typed to be of type Calculator and, because the Calculator type has an Add method that receives two integers and returns an integer, it is possible to call that Sum method and assign its return value to a variable statically typed as integer. Now lets suppose the calculator was not a statically typed .NET class, but, instead, a COM object or some .NET code we don’t know he type of. All of the sudden it gets very painful to call the Add method: object calculator = GetCalculator(); Type calculatorType = calculator.GetType(); object res = calculatorType.InvokeMember("Add", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, calculator, new object[] { 10, 20 }); int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res); And what if the calculator was a JavaScript object? ScriptObject calculator = GetCalculator(); object res = calculator.Invoke("Add", 10, 20); int sum = Convert.ToInt32(res); For each dynamic domain we have a different programming experience and that makes it very hard to unify the code. With C# 4.0 it becomes possible to write code this way: dynamic calculator = GetCalculator(); int sum = calculator.Add(10, 20); You simply declare a variable who’s static type is dynamic. dynamic is a pseudo-keyword (like var) that indicates to the compiler that operations on the calculator object will be done dynamically. The way you should look at dynamic is that it’s just like object (System.Object) with dynamic semantics associated. Anything can be assigned to a dynamic. dynamic x = 1; dynamic y = "Hello"; dynamic z = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 }; At run-time, all object will have a type. In the above example x is of type System.Int32. When one or more operands in an operation are typed dynamic, member selection is deferred to run-time instead of compile-time. Then the run-time type is substituted in all variables and normal overload resolution is done, just like it would happen at compile-time. The result of any dynamic operation is always dynamic and, when a dynamic object is assigned to something else, a dynamic conversion will occur. Code Resolution Method double x = 1.75; double y = Math.Abs(x); compile-time double Abs(double x) dynamic x = 1.75; dynamic y = Math.Abs(x); run-time double Abs(double x) dynamic x = 2; dynamic y = Math.Abs(x); run-time int Abs(int x) The above code will always be strongly typed. The difference is that, in the first case the method resolution is done at compile-time, and the others it’s done ate run-time. IDynamicMetaObjectObject The DLR is pre-wired to know .NET objects, COM objects and so forth but any dynamic language can implement their own objects or you can implement your own objects in C# through the implementation of the IDynamicMetaObjectProvider interface. When an object implements IDynamicMetaObjectProvider, it can participate in the resolution of how method calls and property access is done. The .NET Framework already provides two implementations of IDynamicMetaObjectProvider: DynamicObject : IDynamicMetaObjectProvider The DynamicObject class enables you to define which operations can be performed on dynamic objects and how to perform those operations. For example, you can define what happens when you try to get or set an object property, call a method, or perform standard mathematical operations such as addition and multiplication. ExpandoObject : IDynamicMetaObjectProvider The ExpandoObject class enables you to add and delete members of its instances at run time and also to set and get values of these members. This class supports dynamic binding, which enables you to use standard syntax like sampleObject.sampleMember, instead of more complex syntax like sampleObject.GetAttribute("sampleMember").

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• Difference between 12.04 and 12.04.1

  - by Jeff

  I recently did a fresh install of Ubuntu 12.04 two days ago. Or at least I thought it was 12.04, but actually 12.04.1. Now I'm having errors popping up from the grub loader. Error: no video mode activated which was apparently resolved in this bug# 699802. However these workarounds are for 11.xx and not working for me. I never had these errors before with 12.04 and now I'm getting them. What's the difference between 12.04 and 12.04.1? Off the bat I notice that the kernels are different 12.04 uses 3.2.0-26-generic-pae 12.04.1 uses 3.2.0-29-generic after an immediate sudo apt-get update upgrade 12.04.1 uses 3.2.0-30-generic I have two other computers running 12.04 (not 12.04.1) and they're working fine. The computer that I'm currently was working fine (with 12.04) previously too. Should I roll back my kernel to 3.2.0-26?

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• Wifi Direct P2P-go and P2P-client support in ubuntu

  - by giri

  I am trying to get wifi direct working on a laptop with ubuntu 12.04 When I type the command 'iw list' it doesn't show P2P-client or P2P-go under 'supported interface modes.From http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Documentation/iw/replace-iwconfig I found that 'iwconfig' was replaced with 'iw'.Does it mean that my hardware doesn't have support for wifi-direct or is it just the software(drivers) issue? If is it just sofware issue please help me to find the right drivers which support wifi-direct. Here is the info about my ethernet controller from the output of 'lspci' 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communication Inc. AR242x / AR542x Wreless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01) 06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. 88E8055 PCI-E Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 13)

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• Dlink DWA-556 Access point fails to start on 2.6.35-25 while 2.6.35-24 works. How can I do this with >2.6.35-24?

  - by Azendale

  I'm using hostapd to run an access point with a Dlink DWA-556 wireless N card. However, I can no longer get it to start when I use kernels greater than 2.6.35-24. Here's a log where I ran the uname -a&&hostapd -c <configfile> on the different kernel versions. Linux erikbandersen 2.6.35-24-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 2 02:41:37 UTC 2010 x86_64 GNU/Linux Configuration file: hostapd.conf ctrl_interface_group=0 Opening raw packet socket for ifindex 248 BSS count 1, BSSID mask ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff (0 bits) SIOCGIWRANGE: WE(compiled)=22 WE(source)=21 enc_capa=0xf nl80211: Added 802.11b mode based on 802.11g information HT40: control channel: 2 secondary channel: 6 RATE[0] rate=10 flags=0x2 RATE[1] rate=20 flags=0x6 RATE[2] rate=55 flags=0x6 RATE[3] rate=110 flags=0x6 RATE[4] rate=60 flags=0x0 RATE[5] rate=90 flags=0x0 RATE[6] rate=120 flags=0x0 RATE[7] rate=180 flags=0x0 RATE[8] rate=240 flags=0x0 RATE[9] rate=360 flags=0x0 RATE[10] rate=480 flags=0x0 RATE[11] rate=540 flags=0x0 Passive scanning not supported Mode: IEEE 802.11g Channel: 2 Frequency: 2417 MHz Flushing old station entries Deauthenticate all stations Using interface wlan1 with hwaddr 1c:bd:b9:d5:e8:3c and ssid 'erikbandersen.com/freewifi' wlan1: Setup of interface done. MGMT (TX callback) ACK Malformed netlink message: len=436 left=256 plen=420 256 extra bytes in the end of netlink message MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::proberesp cb MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::proberesp cb MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::proberesp cb mgmt::auth authentication: STA=3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f auth_alg=0 auth_transaction=1 status_code=0 wep=0 New STA wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f IEEE 802.11: authentication OK (open system) wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f MLME: MLME-AUTHENTICATE.indication(3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f, OPEN_SYSTEM) wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f MLME: MLME-DELETEKEYS.request(3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f) authentication reply: STA=3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f auth_alg=0 auth_transaction=2 resp=0 (IE len=0) MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::auth cb wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f IEEE 802.11: authenticated mgmt::assoc_req association request: STA=3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f capab_info=0x421 listen_interval=10 Validating WMM IE: OUI 00:50:f2 OUI type 2 OUI sub-type 0 version 1 QoS info 0x0 HT: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f HT Capabilities Info: 0x102c handle_assoc STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f - no greenfield, num of non-gf stations 1 handle_assoc STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f - 20 MHz HT, num of 20MHz HT STAs 1 hostapd_ht_operation_update current operation mode=0x0 hostapd_ht_operation_update new operation mode=0x7 changes=2 new AID 1 wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f IEEE 802.11: association OK (aid 1) MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::assoc_resp cb wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f IEEE 802.11: associated (aid 1) wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f MLME: MLME-ASSOCIATE.indication(3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f) wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f MLME: MLME-DELETEKEYS.request(3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f) wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f RADIUS: starting accounting session 4DAC8224-00000000 MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::action cb MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::proberesp cb MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::proberesp cb MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::proberesp cb MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::proberesp cb MGMT (TX callback) ACK mgmt::proberesp cb Signal 2 received - terminating wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f MLME: MLME-DEAUTHENTICATE.indication(3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f, 1) wlan1: STA 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f MLME: MLME-DELETEKEYS.request(3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f) Removing station 3c:4a:92:0e:41:2f hostapd_ht_operation_update current operation mode=0x7 hostapd_ht_operation_update new operation mode=0x0 changes=2 Flushing old station entries Deauthenticate all stations . Linux erikbandersen 2.6.35-25-generic #44-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 21 17:40:44 UTC 2011 x86_64 GNU/Linux Configuration file: hostapd.conf ctrl_interface_group=0 Opening raw packet socket for ifindex 248 BSS count 1, BSSID mask ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff (0 bits) SIOCGIWRANGE: WE(compiled)=22 WE(source)=21 enc_capa=0xf nl80211: Added 802.11b mode based on 802.11g information Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=1 freq=2412 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=2 freq=2417 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=3 freq=2422 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=4 freq=2427 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=5 freq=2432 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=6 freq=2437 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=7 freq=2442 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=8 freq=2447 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=9 freq=2452 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=10 freq=2457 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=1 chan=11 freq=2462 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=1 freq=2412 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=2 freq=2417 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=3 freq=2422 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=4 freq=2427 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=5 freq=2432 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=6 freq=2437 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=7 freq=2442 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=8 freq=2447 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=9 freq=2452 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=10 freq=2457 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm Allowed channel: mode=0 chan=11 freq=2462 MHz max_tx_power=27 dBm HT40: control channel: 2 secondary channel: 6 RATE[0] rate=10 flags=0x2 RATE[1] rate=20 flags=0x6 RATE[2] rate=55 flags=0x6 RATE[3] rate=110 flags=0x6 RATE[4] rate=60 flags=0x0 RATE[5] rate=90 flags=0x0 RATE[6] rate=120 flags=0x0 RATE[7] rate=180 flags=0x0 RATE[8] rate=240 flags=0x0 RATE[9] rate=360 flags=0x0 RATE[10] rate=480 flags=0x0 RATE[11] rate=540 flags=0x0 Passive scanning not supported Mode: IEEE 802.11g Channel: 2 Frequency: 2417 MHz Could not set channel for kernel driver wlan1: Unable to setup interface. My wireless card is listed as 02:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR5008 Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01) by lspci. Am I doing it wrong and there's a new way of doing it? I'm holding off upgrading to Natty because of this. What changed between the versions that would cause this? Should I report it as a bug?

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• Drivers Unresponsive, Only Ubuntu 8.0 can install

  - by Nate Dogg

  I tried to install through boot through disk, but the windows set-up says there's no hard drive. The new ubuntu cd's i've made do not work. I can't update anything on old ubuntu. This is all due to my computer turning off during a recent version upgrade of ubuntu. Kernel error? idk. Going throught my computer, none of my media drivers are responsive, or cd writing drivers, and I guess I have no hard drive (only old ubuntu can read?). Serious need of help, I cant write college papers on this....

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• Cannot boot from USB disk with "not a COM32R image" error

  - by Siva Prasad Varma

  After installing 11.10 on my Dell Studo 15 (Model 1557) laptop, it started to overheat. Recently it even shutdown twice saying that critical temperature has reached even when I was just idling (not even a single program was open except for Firefox). After learning that it is a problem with 3.0.0 kernel I decided to roll back to 10.04 LTS. I have downloaded the most recent 10.04 iso from ubuntu.com and created a live USB using startup disk creator in 11.10. But when I am trying to boot from USB I am getting the following error vesamenu.c32: not a COM32R image I have installed ubuntu from usb stick a couple of dozen times before this and I think it is not a problem with my hardware. Please tell me what to do.

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• Unable to complete ubuntu installation

  - by Hugh Levinson

  I am not a computer expert and have no programming experience. I have downloaded Ubuntu 12.04 from the website using the Windows installer onto an admittedly old Toshiba Satellite Pro laptop. The download seemed to be fine. When I try to startup the laptop and select Ubuntu I get a long series of messages starting: "error: couldn't read file [0.7392640 Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block (0,0)" I have seen other entries on this messageboard with similar questions but to be honest, I can't follow the answers, which presume more knowledge than I have. I would be extremely grateful if anyone could suggest a solution.

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• Can't adjust brightness on Samsung RV420 with fn keys

  - by nicholascamp

  Typing ls /sys/class/backlight/*/brightness outputs /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness /sys/class/backlight/samsung/brightness The max_brightness for the second is 8, but changing it with echo 2 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/samsung/brightness doesn't change brightness. I can do it by using intel_backlight: echo 2000 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness (max_brightness: cat /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/max_brightness outputs 4648). But I want to do this work with the fn brightness keys, as I always did. I don't know what happened to stop working, maybe the use of +1 monitor and removing it in a wrong time or a system update. I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 64 bits in an Samsung RV420 notebook. Kernel Version is 3.2.0-27-generic. Could you help me? Please tell me what more info should I provide. Thanks!

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• Ubuntu 12 installation problem

  - by Blisk

  I have made about 30 copies of the Ubuntu installation CD, but there is no way to install it on my laptop. I get a black screen with a blinking cursor or I get a /casper/vmlinuz file not found or I get Invalid or corrupt kernel image. I tried all solutions that I found but no way to install ubuntu on this laptop. I tried both 32 bit and 64 bit versions, I tried ubuntu 11, and no way to install it. Only If I install windows first and than can I install it with wubi. But that is not an ideal solution. That is linux installed on windows. If I install any other distributions of linux the installation works ok. So there must be some issue with ubuntu!

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• E: unable to locate package firmware-b43-installer when i

  - by Raju

  I am using Acer aspire-5002wlmi laptop and set up a dual boot with Windows XP and Ubuntu 12.04. Wifi is well working in XP but when I start Ubuntu I will get the below error. [ 95.514855] b43-phy0 ERROR: You must go to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43#devicefirmware and download the correct firmware for this driver version. Please carefully read all the instruction on this website. then I followed the instructions from the below link file:///C:/Documents%20and%20Settings/MGL/Desktop/how%20to%20install%20ubuntu/Ubuntu%2012.04%20Splash%20Screen%20Lockup%20with%20LiveCD%20_%20Ben%20Rousch%27s%20Cluster%20of%20Bleep.htm but I am stuck in installing the Broadcom Wifi firmware in terminal and it is showing this error: E: unable to locate package firmware-b43-installer

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• Change clock resolution to 1000 Hz

  - by Ricky Robinson

  I am running Ubuntu 12.04 and I need to change the clock resolution to 1000 Hz (now it's 250 Hz, the default value). I understand that I have to set it and then recompile the kernel, as for example described here. It's not clear, though, how I can do it from the terminal, as for instance the suggested make menuconfig won't work. Any tips? My current settings are: $ cat /boot/config-3.8.0-29-generic | grep HZ CONFIG_NO_HZ=y CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y # CONFIG_HZ_100 is not set CONFIG_HZ_250=y # CONFIG_HZ_300 is not set # CONFIG_HZ_1000 is not set CONFIG_HZ=250 CONFIG_MACHZ_WDT=m

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• Is there a ".d" directory to use to load modules at boot time, opposed to /etc/modules?

  - by gertvdijk

  I am automating some configurations on my systems using Puppet. For a group of machines I want to load a kernel module at boot time. The most elegant way seems to edit /etc/modules and add one on an individual line. However, I would like to use separate files in a ".d" directory structure for easier maintainability. For modprobe and specifying the options for modules, there's /etc/modprobe.d/, but what's the most elegant way for actually loading modules at boot time using a single new file? Basically, I'm looking for the non-existing /etc/modules.d/ directory. Any suggestions?

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• Getting the Dell XPS 16 Synaptics touchpad to work after hibernation

  - by Aron Rotteveel

  I am currently experimenting with using Ubuntu as a my main OS instead of Windows 7. So far, pretty much everything is working fine, except for an issue that I am having with my touchpad. I have a Dell XPS 16 (1640) with a Synaptics touchpad. It works out of the box, but it seems that it stops working after returning from hibernation mode. This problem has also been addressed in an earlier bug, but judging from this bugreport, it should be fixed by now. I am running the 2.6.35-23-generic-pae kernel. Any ideas?

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• How do I handle "Firmware file X not found" stopping bootup?

  - by John Baber

  I recently upgraded my desktop mac to Precise and now can't get past the Ubuntu 12.04 splash page. The splash freezes with [ 19.931097] b32-phy0 ERROR: Firmware file "b43/ucode16_mimo.fw" not found [ 19.9311126] b32-phy0 ERROR: You must go to http://wireless.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/b43#devicefirmware and download the correct firmware for this driver version. Please carefully read all instructions on this website. written on it This is when I choose 3.2.0-generic from the grub menu. If I choose to load up older kernels, I still get the same thing. How can I make my computer finish booting again? I'm able to ssh into the machine and poke around, but the actual screen freezes at the splash.

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• I don't have the password to update Ubuntu

  - by Steve

  I have bought a laptop with Ubuntu 12.04, which runs fine but wants to update. I don't have the password and it won't let me update anything. I have downloaded 12.04 in order to re-install it and it tells me it isn't suitable for my processor. The machine is a Dell latitude D505. I tried downloading the i386 version and on booting with the disc, I get: This kernel requires features not present on CPU. pae. Unable to boot. All I'm trying to do is to let software updater do it's stuff but as it asks for a password, I can't proceed. I've tried changing password in root shell but that doesn't work. Any ideas? Nothing seems to be working with this problem, so maybe I'll just wait for the next official release and try again.

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• How do I get VirtualBox to work?

  - by Karasu

  I can't seem to make VirtualBox to work, I've installed it and reinstalled by 3 ways: Terminal, Ubuntu Software Center and VirtualBox's official web site installation and I keep getting the same kernel error. I found a "solution" to this problem by typing in terminal: sudo apt-get install virtualbox-dkms But it tells my that "virtualbox-dkms is already the newest version". Then I typed in terminal what the error tells me: sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup but then I tells me that DKMS is actually NOT installed (which is a contradiction). If anyone has encountered the same problem and actually solved it please tell me and explain me step by step 'cause I'm new to Linux.

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• HW resources for the device driver [closed]

  - by VladimirLenin

  Need to provide memory and IRQ resources to the Linux kernel in order to bring up the CAN controller. Have no idea how to get them. Below is the structure I need to fill in. This structure I have taken for example, this is for the Run-Time Clock, but I need for CAN controller. Both are on the same board, and there are constants for RT Clock (and all other devices), but not for my CAN chip. When looking at the subject chip driver's code (sp_probe() function), I see it needs the same type resources. struct resource tegra_rtc_resources[] = { [0] = { .start = ???, .end = ???, .flags = IORESOURCE_MEM, }, [1] = { .start = ???, .end = ???, .flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ, }, };

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• If you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed?

  - by jokoon

  Per the Linux kernel coding style document: The answer to that is that if you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed anyway, and should fix your program. What can I deduct from this quote? On top of the fact that too long methods are hard to maintain, are they hard or impossible to optimize for the compiler? I don't really understand if this quote encourages better coding practice or is really a mathematical / algorithmic sort of truth. I also read in some C++ optimizing guide that dividing up a program into more function improves its design is a common thing taught at school, but it should be not done too much, since it can turn into a lot of JMP calls (even if the compiler can inline some methods by itself).

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• Binfmt config not persisting after booting

  - by Ishpeck

  I have the binfmt kernel module set up so I can run .NET apps as if they were native binaries. I have the /etc/rc.local file configured identically to this. If I power down my computer or boot into Windows, when I come back to Ubuntu, I can't run .NET apps without calling Mono. However, if I simply touch /etc/rc.local and restart, the binfmt configuration appears to kick in and I can run my .NET EXE's as I expect to. How do I get my configuration to stick?

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• If you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed?

  - by jokoon

  Per the Linux kernel coding style document: The answer to that is that if you need more than 3 levels of indentation, you're screwed anyway, and should fix your program. What can I deduce from this quote? On top of the fact that too long methods are hard to maintain, are they hard or impossible to optimize for the compiler? I don't really understand if this quote encourages better coding practice or is really a mathematical / algorithmic sort of truth. I also read in some C++ optimizing guide that "dividing up a program into more functions improves its design" is frequently taught in CS courses, but it should be not done too much, since it can turn into a lot of JMP calls (even if the compiler can inline some methods by itself).

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• How to manipulate *huge* amounts of data

  - by Alejandro

  Hi there! I'm having the following problem. I need to store huge amounts of information (~32 GB) and be able to manipulate it as fast as possible. I'm wondering what's the best way to do it (combinations of programming language + OS + whatever you think its important). The structure of the information I'm using is a 4D array (NxNxNxN) of double-precission floats (8 bytes). Right now my solution is to slice the 4D array into 2D arrays and store them in separate files in the HDD of my computer. This is really slow and the manipulation of the data is unbearable, so this is no solution at all! I'm thinking on moving into a Supercomputing facility in my country and store all the information in the RAM, but I'm not sure how to implement an application to take advantage of it (I'm not a professional programmer, so any book/reference will help me a lot). An alternative solution I'm thinking on is to buy a dedicated server with lots of RAM, but I don't know for sure if that will solve the problem. So right now my ignorance doesn't let me choose the best way to proceed. What would you do if you were in this situation? I'm open to any idea. Thanks in advance!

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• RHEL6 kick start fails with kernel panic - not syncing error

  - by mrchampe

  On a brand new (just unboxed) Dell Precision 7500 computer, I began a kickstart using a red hat boot disk and a kickstart file hosted at an http address. There is a picture of the full error below with trace information I believe this is different than the other questions relating to kernel panic errors. What I would like to know is What causes the kernel panic How does one fix this such that the kickstart finishes Additional information can be provided as necessary.

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