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• Des chercheurs dévoilent un prototype d'Internet du futur, reposant sur une architecture sans serveur, complètement décentralisée

  Des chercheurs développent un prototype de réseau d'architecture complètement décentralisée qui fera passer les attaques DoS pour des mauvais souvenirsUne équipe de chercheur de l'université de Cambridge a pour intention de remplacer le modèle relationnel client-serveur dont dépendent de nombreux services, applications et protocoles d'internet, par une architecture complètement décentralisée du réseau des réseaux. Le projet ambitieux se nomme Pursuit, et un prototype de l'internet de demain conçu...

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• Unit testing in Django

  - by acjohnson55

  I'm really struggling to write effective unit tests for a large Django project. I have reasonably good test coverage, but I've come to realize that the tests I've been writing are definitely integration/acceptance tests, not unit tests at all, and I have critical portions of my application that are not being tested effectively. I want to fix this ASAP. Here's my problem. My schema is deeply relational, and heavily time-oriented, giving my model object high internal coupling and lots of state. Many of my model methods query based on time intervals, and I've got a lot of auto_now_add going on in timestamped fields. So take a method that looks like this for example: def summary(self, startTime=None, endTime=None): # ... logic to assign a proper start and end time # if none was provided, probably using datetime.now() objects = self.related_model_set.manager_method.filter(...) return sum(object.key_method(startTime, endTime) for object in objects) How does one approach testing something like this? Here's where I am so far. It occurs to me that the unit testing objective should be given some mocked behavior by key_method on its arguments, is summary correctly filtering/aggregating to produce a correct result? Mocking datetime.now() is straightforward enough, but how can I mock out the rest of the behavior? I could use fixtures, but I've heard pros and cons of using fixtures for building my data (poor maintainability being a con that hits home for me). I could also setup my data through the ORM, but that can be limiting, because then I have to create related objects as well. And the ORM doesn't let you mess with auto_now_add fields manually. Mocking the ORM is another option, but not only is it tricky to mock deeply nested ORM methods, but the logic in the ORM code gets mocked out of the test, and mocking seems to make the test really dependent on the internals and dependencies of the function-under-test. The toughest nuts to crack seem to be the functions like this, that sit on a few layers of models and lower-level functions and are very dependent on the time, even though these functions may not be super complicated. My overall problem is that no matter how I seem to slice it, my tests are looking way more complex than the functions they are testing.

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• Basic tutorial/introduction for 3d matrices, idealy in c++, without openGl or directX

  - by René Nyffenegger

  I am wondering if there is a simple tutorial that covers the basics of how to initialize rotation, translation and projection matrices, and how to multiply them, and how to get the screen coordinates afterwards for a 3d point. Idealy, the tutorial comes with compilable code and is not dependent on any 3rd party library. Searching the internet, I found lots of tutorials, so this is not the problem. Yet, it seemed all of these either covered openGl or directX, or they were theoretical in nature.

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• Subterranean IL: Compiling C# exception handlers

  - by Simon Cooper

  An exception handler in C# combines the IL catch and finally exception handling clauses into a single try statement: try { Console.WriteLine("Try block") // ... } catch (IOException) { Console.WriteLine("IOException catch") // ... } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("Exception catch") // ... } finally { Console.WriteLine("Finally block") // ... } How does this get compiled into IL? Initial implementation If you remember from my earlier post, finally clauses must be specified with their own .try clause. So, for the initial implementation, we take the try/catch/finally, and simply split it up into two .try clauses (I have to use label syntax for this): StartTry: ldstr "Try block" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End EndTry: StartIOECatch: ldstr "IOException catch" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End EndIOECatch: StartECatch: ldstr "Exception catch" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End EndECatch: StartFinally: ldstr "Finally block" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... endfinally EndFinally: End: // ... .try StartTry to EndTry catch [mscorlib]System.IO.IOException handler StartIOECatch to EndIOECatch catch [mscorlib]System.Exception handler StartECatch to EndECatch .try StartTry to EndTry finally handler StartFinally to EndFinally However, the resulting program isn't verifiable, and doesn't run: [IL]: Error: Shared try has finally or fault handler. Nested try blocks What's with the verification error? Well, it's a condition of IL verification that all exception handling regions (try, catch, filter, finally, fault) of a single .try clause have to be completely contained within any outer exception region, and they can't overlap with any other exception handling clause. In other words, IL exception handling clauses must to be representable in the scoped syntax, and in this example, we're overlapping catch and finally clauses. Not only is this example not verifiable, it isn't semantically correct. The finally handler is specified round the .try. What happens if you were able to run this code, and an exception was thrown? Program execution enters top of try block, and exception is thrown within it CLR searches for an exception handler, finds catch Because control flow is leaving .try, finally block is run The catch block is run leave.s End inside the catch handler branches to End label. We're actually running the finally before the catch! What we do about it What we actually need to do is put the catch clauses inside the finally clause, as this will ensure the finally gets executed at the correct time (this time using scoped syntax): .try { .try { ldstr "Try block" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End } catch [mscorlib]System.IO.IOException { ldstr "IOException catch" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End } catch [mscorlib]System.Exception { ldstr "Exception catch" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... leave.s End } } finally { ldstr "Finally block" call void [mscorlib]System.Console::WriteLine(string) // ... endfinally } End: ret Returning from methods There is a further semantic mismatch that the C# compiler has to deal with; in C#, you are allowed to return from within an exception handling block: public int HandleMethod() { try { // ... return 0; } catch (Exception) { // ... return -1; } } However, you can't ret inside an exception handling block in IL. So the C# compiler does a leave.s to a ret outside the exception handling area, loading/storing any return value to a local variable along the way (as leave.s clears the stack): .method public instance int32 HandleMethod() { .locals init ( int32 retVal ) .try { // ... ldc.i4.0 stloc.0 leave.s End } catch [mscorlib]System.Exception { // ... ldc.i4.m1 stloc.0 leave.s End } End: ldloc.0 ret } Conclusion As you can see, the C# compiler has quite a few hoops to jump through to translate C# code into semantically-correct IL, and hides the numerous conditions on IL exception handling blocks from the C# programmer. Next up: catch-all blocks, and how the runtime deals with non-Exception exceptions.

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• Organizing Git repositories with common nested sub-modules

  - by André Caron

  I'm a big fan of Git sub-modules. I like to be able to track a dependency along with its version, so that you can roll-back to a previous version of your project and have the corresponding version of the dependency to build safely and cleanly. Moreover, it's easier to release our libraries as open source projects as the history for libraries is separate from that of the applications that depend on them (and which are not going to be open sourced). I'm setting up workflow for multiple projects at work, and I was wondering how it would be if we took this approach a bit of an extreme instead of having a single monolithic project. I quickly realized there is a potential can of worms in really using sub-modules. Supposing a pair of applications: studio and player, and dependent libraries core, graph and network, where dependencies are as follows: core is standalone graph depends on core (sub-module at ./libs/core) network depdends on core (sub-module at ./libs/core) studio depends on graph and network (sub-modules at ./libs/graph and ./libs/network) player depends on graph and network (sub-modules at ./libs/graph and ./libs/network) Suppose that we're using CMake and that each of these projects has unit tests and all the works. Each project (including studio and player) must be able to be compiled standalone to perform code metrics, unit testing, etc. The thing is, a recursive git submodule fetch, then you get the following directory structure: studio/ studio/libs/ (sub-module depth: 1) studio/libs/graph/ studio/libs/graph/libs/ (sub-module depth: 2) studio/libs/graph/libs/core/ studio/libs/network/ studio/libs/network/libs/ (sub-module depth: 2) studio/libs/network/libs/core/ Notice that core is cloned twice in the studio project. Aside from this wasting disk space, I have a build system problem because I'm building core twice and I potentially get two different versions of core. Question How do I organize sub-modules so that I get the versioned dependency and standalone build without getting multiple copies of common nested sub-modules? Possible solution If the the library dependency is somewhat of a suggestion (i.e. in a "known to work with version X" or "only version X is officially supported" fashion) and potential dependent applications or libraries are responsible for building with whatever version they like, then I could imagine the following scenario: Have the build system for graph and network tell them where to find core (e.g. via a compiler include path). Define two build targets, "standalone" and "dependency", where "standalone" is based on "dependency" and adds the include path to point to the local core sub-module. Introduce an extra dependency: studio on core. Then, studio builds core, sets the include path to its own copy of the core sub-module, then builds graph and network in "dependency" mode. The resulting folder structure looks like: studio/ studio/libs/ (sub-module depth: 1) studio/libs/core/ studio/libs/graph/ studio/libs/graph/libs/ (empty folder, sub-modules not fetched) studio/libs/network/ studio/libs/network/libs/ (empty folder, sub-modules not fetched) However, this requires some build system magic (I'm pretty confident this can be done with CMake) and a bit of manual work on the part of version updates (updating graph might also require updating core and network to get a compatible version of core in all projects). Any thoughts on this?

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• The Human Significance of Article Writing in Link Building

  Internet marketing is highly dependent on good content. It goes without saying that for any website the content that is presented on it is just as important as anything other element of link building. Not only does good content help establish credibility but also carries many responsibilities also.

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• Should I use JavaFx properties?

  - by Mike G

  I'm usually very careful to keep my Model, View, and Controller code separate. The thing is JavaFx properties are so convenient to bind them all together. The issue is that it makes my entire code design dependent on JavaFx, which I feel I should not being doing. I should be able to change the view without changing too much of the model and controller. So should I ignore the convenience of JavaFx properties, or should I embrace them and the fact that it reduces my codes flexibility.

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• What is a good strategy for binding view objects to model objects in C++?

  - by B.J.

  Imagine I have a rich data model that is represented by a hierarchy of objects. I also have a view hierarchy with views that can extract required data from model objects and display the data (and allow the user to manipulate the data). Actually, there could be multiple view hierarchies that can represent and manipulate the model (e.g. an overview-detail view and a direct manipulation view). My current approach for this is for the controller layer to store a reference to the underlying model object in the View object. The view object can then get the current data from the model for display, and can send the model object messages to update the data. View objects are effectively observers of the model objects and the model objects broadcast notifications when properties change. This approach allows all the views to update simultaneously when any view changes the model. Implemented carefully, this all works. However, it does require a lot of work to ensure that no view or model objects hold any stale references to model objects. The user can delete model objects or sub-hierarchies of the model at any time. Ensuring that all the view objects that hold references to the model objects that have been deleted is time-consuming and difficult. It feels like the approach I have been taking is not especially clean; while I don't want to have to have explicit code in the controller layer for mediating the communication between the views and the model, it seems like there must be a better (implicit) approach for establishing bindings between the view and the model and between related model objects. In particular, I am looking for an approach (in C++) that understands two key points: There is a many to one relationship between view and model objects If the underlying model object is destroyed, all the dependent view objects must be cleaned up so that no stale references exist While shared_ptr and weak_ptr can be used to manage the lifetimes of the underlying model objects and allows for weak references from the view to the model, they don't provide for notification of the destruction of the underlying object (they do in the sense that the use of a stale weak_ptr allows for notification), but I need an approach that notifies the dependent objects that their weak reference is going away. Can anyone suggest a good strategy to manage this?

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• A Revolution in Keyword Research and Search Engine Optimization

  The success of a Website is dependent on the quality and quantity of its content. The content of web pages should be structured around keywords.

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• Does AdSense serve higher CPC ads to a website that has higher number of visits?

  - by Silver Moon

  For the same niche and same set of keyword, does Google AdSense serve higher CPC ads to a website that has higher number of visits? I have observed that for similar niches 1 website (with 3K daily uniques) makes around $100 a month, and another website (with 10k daily uniques) makes around $700-800 a month It seems that the earning curve is not linearly dependent on visit count and somewhat increases at a rate faster than the growth of visits, this leads me to think if the Google AdSense algorithm serves higher CPC ads once a website starts getting a large number of visits.

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• How to create conditional If / Else logic in a BizTalk map.

  How to create conditional logic in a BizTalk map using out of the box functoids. Example takes in a Xml file containing Films and their receipts and create a destination file whose structure id dependent on the incoming data.  read moreBy BiZTech KnowDid you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Network Based Ubuntu Installations

  <b>Packt:</b> "This article by Christer Edwards, outlines how to install Ubuntu using the network installer. This utility allows you to install directly over the network, instead of using a CD or DVD image. It does require a small CD boot image, but beyond that it is entirely network dependent."

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• How to check areas to load in ASP.NET MVC?

  - by user1741807

  I have a ASP.NET MVC application which uses areas for the different features of the application. It should display different features dependent on which version of the application the customer have. I need to check which areas to display. But how do I check which areas to display? Is it just to wrap the menu in an if statement to check if the customer have a version of the application that is allowed to see the area?

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• Handling Constraint Violations and Errors in SQL Server

  The database developer can, of course, throw all errors back to the application developer to deal with, but this is neither kind nor necessary. How errors are dealt with is dependent on the application, but the process itself isn't entirely obvious. Compress live data by 73% Red Gate's SQL Storage Compress reduces the size of live SQL Server databases, saving you disk space and storage costs. Learn more.

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• Benefits and Future of Web Applications

  A web application is an application that is contacted in excess of a network such as the Internet or an intranet. The term should also mean a computer software application that is hosted in a browser-controlled environment or coded in a browser-supported language and dependent on a frequent web browser to provide the application executable.

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• SEO and suboptimal source code

  - by legoblock

  I have a wordpress website for my business and its success will be largely dependent on google ranking. The structure of the theme I'm using is designed for a blog, not for a business website. That means the source code is quite ugly-looking. My question is, does it affect SEO at all? I know that it can affect SEO somehow by the page taking longer than needed to load, but apart from that, will there be any penalizing for having a suboptimal or confusing html structure? Thanks

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• Facebook sort Presto, son moteur de requêtes open source pour le big data, qui serait dix fois plus performant que celui de Hadoop

  Facebook sort Presto, son moteur de requêtes open source pour le big data qui serait dix fois plus performant que celui de HadoopDe nombreuses entreprises comme Facebook dépendent du Big data. Dans le domaine, on compte la paire Hadoop/Hive parmi les références. Pour rappel, Hive c'est le moteur de requêtes populaire pour Hadoop. Cependant, il se pourrait que le MapReduce élément essentiel sur lequel repose Hive ne soit pas optimisé pour des situations ou la quantité de données excède un certain...

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• Locale-sensitive Operations and Services in International Java Applications

  Java SE has integrated internationalization support that provides language- or culture-dependent functionality. Explore some classes that work with locales and learn how to create your own.

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• Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C ( in Python? )

  - by user29163

  I am attending a Computer graphics course after the summer. I have read lots of good things about the book "Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C" for people who are willing to put in some work. My school does not focus on C/C++ until next year, so I have decided to learn Python this summer and get good at Python this following year. How language dependent is this book? Can I work through it in Python?

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• Benefits of Directory Submission Service

  Online businesses are through websites and totally dependent on quality visitors. Your whole business is depending on the traffic on your website. The only traffic is not important but also potential visitor.

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• Online Marketing and Its Helpfulness in Escalating Page Ranks

  With the arrival of ground breaking technologies and new age apparatuses, people are increasingly becoming dependent on the World Wide Web. Folks of every age group are turning to the internet for a myriad of purposes.

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• Using Nemerle in asp.net App_Code directory

  - by Andrew Davey

  I want to use Nemerle in an ASP.NET application. Specifically, putting .n files into App_Code. I added this to my web.config system.codedom/compilers section: <compiler language="n;Nemerle" extension=".n" type="Nemerle.Compiler.NemerleCodeProvider, Nemerle.Compiler"/> When running I get this exception: The assembly '' is already loaded in another appdomain. Setting in machine.config can help solve this issue. Stack trace [HttpException (0x80004005): The assembly '' is already loaded in another appdomain. Setting <deployment retail="true" /> in machine.config can help solve this issue.] System.Web.Compilation.CodeDirectoryCompiler.GetCodeDirectoryAssembly(VirtualPath virtualDir, CodeDirectoryType dirType, String assemblyName, StringSet excludedSubdirectories, Boolean isDirectoryAllowed) +8809675 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CompileCodeDirectory(VirtualPath virtualDir, CodeDirectoryType dirType, String assemblyName, StringSet excludedSubdirectories) +128 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.CompileCodeDirectories() +265 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.EnsureTopLevelFilesCompiled() +320 [HttpException (0x80004005): The assembly '' is already loaded in another appdomain. Setting <deployment retail="true" /> in machine.config can help solve this issue.] System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.ReportTopLevelCompilationException() +58 System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.EnsureTopLevelFilesCompiled() +512 System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.Initialize(ApplicationManager appManager, IApplicationHost appHost, IConfigMapPathFactory configMapPathFactory, HostingEnvironmentParameters hostingParameters) +729 [HttpException (0x80004005): The assembly '' is already loaded in another appdomain. Setting <deployment retail="true" /> in machine.config can help solve this issue.] System.Web.HttpRuntime.FirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +8890735 System.Web.HttpRuntime.EnsureFirstRequestInit(HttpContext context) +85 System.Web.HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestInternal(HttpWorkerRequest wr) +259 What am I doing wrong?

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• Enable LLVM + Clang in Xcode new project causes linking errors

  - by Ger Teunis

  I've done a complete clean uninstall of XCode and deleted the prefs and deleted complete /Developer folder and reinstalled XCode again. I create a new Cocoa application, go over to Target, doing a "Get info" in the target and enable "C / C++ compiler version" to "LLVM compiler 1.0.2" and press Build. I get: ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/x86_64' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/x86_64' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/../../../i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1' following -L not found ld: warning: directory '/usr/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin10/4.2.1/../../..' following -L not found ld: library not found for -lgcc Command /Developer/usr/bin/clang failed with exit code 1 Anyone able to help me here? LLVM + GCC frontend does work though but I really would like to use Clang (LLVM compiler 1.0.2). New XCode install, new Cocoa project still have this issue.

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• Problems compiling peazip on OSX

  - by Yansky

  I'm having some problems with compiling Peazip on OSX (10.6). I emailed the Peazip developer and he said he probably couldn't help me too much as the error seems to be OSX specific and he doesn't have access to an OSX machine any more. The compiler I'm using is Lazarus as the source is in Pascal. The actual compile process seems to go ok, but when I run the peazip.app program launcher, I get the following error: http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v215/thegooddale/Screen-shot-2010-05-22-at-71907-PM.png Here is the app launcher that the compile made: http://forboden.com/coding/peazip.app.zip - you can use an unzip program to look at the files inside (i.e. unzip it twice). I also tried just running the peazip unix file executable that was produced after the compile from the terminal and I got this: http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v215/thegooddale/Screen-shot-2010-05-22-at-72148-PM.png Here are the messages from the compile log from Lazarus while compiling Peazip: http://pastebin.com/qK4bdncL (I asked on the Lazarus forums and they said I can just ignore those "ld: warning: unknown stabs type" warnings). Here is the info from the project_peach.compiled file: <?xml version="1.0"?> <CONFIG> <Compiler Value="/usr/local/bin/ppc386" Date="1238949773"/> <Params Value=" -MObjFPC -Sgi -O1 -gl -k-framework -kCarbon -k-framework -kOpenGL -k'-dylib_file' -k'/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGL.dylib:/System/Library/Frameworks/OpenGL.framework/Versions/A/Libraries/libGL.dylib' -WG -vewnhi -l -Fu/Users/yansky/Desktop/peazip-3.1.src/res/themes/crystalc/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/components/synedit/units/i386-darwin/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/ideintf/units/i386-darwin/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/lcl/units/i386-darwin/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/lcl/units/i386-darwin/carbon/ -Fu/Developer/lazarus/packager/units/i386-darwin/ -Fu/Users/yansky/Desktop/peazip-3.1.src/ -Fu. -opeazip -dLCL -dLCLcarbon project_peach.lpr"/> </CONFIG> I guess there's little chance that anyone here has experience with Pascal and Lazarus since it's not that popular a language and the compiler is still in beta, but I thought I would post here in the hopes that someone might point me in the right general direction about where/how the peazip.app launcher is breaking.

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• Generating scala AST for recursive method.

  - by scout

  I am generating the scala AST using the following code: val setting = new Settings(error) val reporter = new ConsoleReporter(setting, in, out) { override def displayPrompt = () } val compiler = new Global(setting, reporter) with ASTExtractor{ override def onlyPresentation = true } //setting.PhasesSetting("parser", "parserPhase") val run = new compiler.Run val sourceFiles:List[String] = List("Test.scala") run.compile(sourceFiles.toList) I guess this is the standard code used to run the compiler in the code and generate the AST to work with. The above code worked fine for any valid scala code in Test.scala till now. When I use a recursive function in Test.scala, like def xMethod(x:Int):Int = if(x == 0) -1 else xMethod(x-1) It gives me a java.lang.NullPointerException. The top few lines of the stack trace look like this at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.checkNoDoubleDefsAndAddSynthetics$1(Typers.scala:2170) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typedStats(Typers.scala:2196) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typedBlock(Typers.scala:1951) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typed1(Typers.scala:3815) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typed(Typers.scala:4124) at scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.Typers$Typer.typed(Typers.scala:4177) at scala.tools.nsc.transform.TailCalls$TailCallElimination.transform(TailCalls.scala:199) The code works fine for a method like def aMethod(c:Int):Int = { bMethod(c) } def bMethod(x:Int):Int = aMethod(x) Please let me know if recursive functions need any other setting.

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