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• How to (properly) back up a live QEMU/KVM VM?

  - by Roman

  I'm currently engineering a backup solution for KVM VM's as an additional measure to traditional backups. Unfortunately, all currently (August 2013) existing solutions I came across so far either: do not ensure a consistent backup of the VM (losing RAM state, creating a dirty image, or other things), or require lengthy downtime (complete VM shutdown while backing up). I'm aware of QEMU/libvirt's functionality of taking snapshots, however, it's not yet usable since: image-internal snapshots present you with an ever-changing image file, resulting in a likely dirty backup (assuming one uses qcow2 images at all). one cannot yet merge a currently active external snapshot into the original backing image ("blockcommit"). Out of the above reasons, I'm now implementing a script that: Saves the VM's state and halts it Sets up a devicemapper snapshot(s) where the VM's disk images and state reside Resumes the VM Mount the snapshot(s) of step 2. Backs up the VM's disk and state (configuration for convenience) Merges back the snapshot(s). If I got everything right, this will take consistent backups of VM's with only seconds (if at all, since 1-3 is fast, possibly sub-second) of downtime. Of course, when restoring, the VM will be way in the past, but at least giving me the option of an orderly shutdown/reboot. Am I missing something with this solution? Or has someone indeed already implemented this?

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• Unnamed, hidden partitions on my 500 GB HD, HP Pavilion dm4 Laptop

  - by emotionull

  I have multiple doubts here. Its a Seagate 500GB 7200RPM HD. I had installed it few months back after my original Laptop HD stopped working. The current drives on my latop, as shown by the Windows Disk Management are: After installing the new HD, I had done a complete clean install of Windows 7 and I didn't create any parition myself, manually. So there are 4 drives. Even previously, before I installed this new HD, my laptop had 4 Partitions. But the there were no un-named partitions like the two in this case. The other two were HP tools and Recovery or something. It was pre-configured, Factory installed Windows. Also, now when I right cick on the unnamed Drives from Disk Management, all the options are greyed out (see image) except the delete partition image. So how do I know what's inside those partitions? Will it be ok if I delete them? I want install Ubuntu and dual boot it with my current windows installation. I cannot do it in current setup as there are already 4 partitions of my HD and if I will try to make a new partition, it will be a logical one (correct me if I am wrong here). So can I delete the un-named, hidden partitions and use them for Ubuntu? A bit unrelated question. As a backup option, can I use the Windows 7's Backup and Restore facility to keep a complete backup of all the drivers and system softwares.

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• Why is piping dd through gzip so much faster than a direct copy?

  - by Foo Bar

  I wanted to backup a path from a computer in my network to another computer in the same network over a 100MBit/s line. For this I did dd if=/local/path of=/remote/path/in/local/network/backup.img which gave me a very low network transfer speed of something about 50 to 100 kB/s, which would have taken forever. So I stopped it and decided to try gzipping it on the fly to make it much smaller so that the amount to transfer is less. So I did dd if=/local/folder | gzip > /remote/path/in/local/network/backup.img.gz But now I get something like 1 MB/s network transfer speed, so a factor of 10 to 20 faster. After noticing this, I tested this on several paths and files and it was always the same. Why does piping dd through gzip also increase the transfer rates by a large factor instead of only reducing the bytelength of the stream by a large factor? I'd expected even a small decrease in transfer rates instead, due to the higher CPU consumption while compressing, but now I get a double plus. Not that I'm not happy, but just wondering. ;)

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• SSAS Multithreaded sync with Windows 2008 R2

  - by ACALVETT

  We have been happily running some of our systems on WIndows 2003 and have had an upgrade to W2K8 R2 on the list for quite some time. The upgrade has now completed and we can start taking advantage of some of the new features which is the reason for this post. For a long time we have used the sample Robocopy script from the SQLCat team to synchronize some of our larger SSAS databases. If your wondering what i mean by large, around 5 TB with a good few thousand partitions. The script works like a dream...(read more)

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• How can I keep a folder synchronized to an external USB hard drive in Ubuntu?

  - by Cesar

  I have a growing music collection which I manually keep in sync with an external USB drive. Sometimes I edit their ID3 tags, add or delete a file in either the hard drive or the USB drive, and I would like to keep those changes synchronized between both. Does Ubuntu has something available that would help me with this scenario? Preferably something easy to use with a UI. Update: To clarify my question, changes may happen on both the local hard drive or the USB drive, so the sync process must be on both directions.

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• System File Missing

  - by hossam-khalili

  Hello, I have Windows SBS 2008 R2 use it as file server and i missing some system32 file, so i need to repair it but I don't know how repair/restore this file. Can anyone help me? Thanks

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• Using NTBackup to Backup Exchange 2003 Mail Stores

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I have netbackup backing up my Exchange stores stores to tape, but would like to maybe make the restore process faster. I have plenty of room on the array attached to the mail server, so I was thinking I could use NTBackup to do weekly backups in addition to my tape backups. Has anyone used this with good success?

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• Review the New Migration Guide to SQL Server 2012 Always On

  - by KKline

  I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Cephas Lin, of Microsoft, last year at the SQL Saturday in Indianapolis and then later at the PASS Summit in the fall. Cephas has been writing content for SQL Server 2012 Always On. Cephas has recently published his first whitepaper, a migration guide to SQL Server AlwaysOn. Read it and then pass along any feedback: HERE Enjoy, -Kev - Follow me on Twitter !...(read more)

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• Proper way to remove an active / inactive LVM snapshot

  - by user2622247

  I have created a sample ruby script file for removing extra LVM snapshots from the system. For removing LVM snapshot, we are using lvremove command. This command is working fine and we can remove snapshots from the system. # sudo lvremove /dev/ops/dbbackup lvremove -- do you really want to remove "/dev/ops/dbbackup"? [y/n]: y Sometimes while removing snapshots we are getting following errors. Unable to deactivate open rootfs_12.10_20140812_00-cow (252:8) Failed to resume rootfs_12.10_20140812_00. libdevmapper exiting with 7 device(s) still suspended. The system gets frozen. We cannot fire any command or can not perform any action on it. After restarting the system, it is functioning fine. We can perform all the operations even we can delete that snapshot also. I searched about it I found these threads https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=659762 and https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=674682 Solution from this thread is after getting the error but I have to avoid this type of error. I have a question, Is there any better way removing LVM snapshots? So that we can avoid this type of error. If anyone needs more info feel free to ask me.

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• input / output error, drives randomly refusing to read / write

  - by ILMV

  I have an issue with one of our servers running Ubuntu 10.04, it is running BackupPC and collects backups from various machines / servers around the building. On the 8th minute (12:08, 12:18, 12:28 etc) the backups are transferred to an external hard drive, we have three and rotate one drive for another everyday. The problem we are having is we are randomly experiencing input / output errors, when this happens you cannot read / write to the drive, it hasn't unmounted so I can cd to the mount point /media/backup1. The drives are not faulty as it's happening on all of them, so I'm at a loss as to what the problem could be, here is an example of the many errors we get: gzip: stdout: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 47: /media/backup1/Tue/offline.log: Input/output error ls: cannot access /media/backup1/Tue/incr_1083_host1.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error ls: cannot access /media/backup1/Tue/incr_1088_host1.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error ls: cannot access /media/backup1/Tue/incr_1089_host1.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error ls: cannot access /media/backup1/Tue/incr_1090_host1.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 39: /media/backup1/Tue/offline.log: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 44: /media/backup1/Tue/offline.log: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 45: /media/backup1/Tue/incr_1090_host1.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 47: /media/backup1/Tue/offline.log: Input/output error ls: cannot access /media/backup1/Tue/incr_591_tech2.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 44: /media/backup1/Tue/offline.log: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 45: /media/backup1/Tue/incr_591_tech2.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 47: /media/backup1/Tue/offline.log: Input/output error ls: cannot access /media/backup1/Tue/incr_592_tech3.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error ls: cannot access /media/backup1/Tue/incr_593_tech3.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 44: /media/backup1/Tue/offline.log: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 45: /media/backup1/Tue/incr_593_tech3.something.co.uk.tar.gz: Input/output error /var/lib/backuppc/backuppc_offline: line 47: /media/backup1/Tue/offline.log: Input/output error EDIT » Resolved So it turns out Quamis was right, even though I didn't think it was possible it was actually a problem with the drive. You see we have three drives all formatted to ext2, on two of them we were getting I/O errors frequently, I cam back to Quamis' answer and discovered the fsck command, so ran it against the problems drives: fsck /dev/sdb1 This found and fixed a load of problems on the drive, most probably caused by power outages / unsafe removal of drives etc, as the drives are in the xt2 format they aren't journalled and thus aren't protected against such issues. Drives are now working beautifully, thanks all! :D

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• How to keep "dot files" under version control?

  - by andrewsomething

  Etckeeper is a great tool for keeping track of changes to your configuration files in /etc A few key things about it really stand out. It can be used with a wide variety of VCSs: git, mercurial, darcs, or bzr. It also does auto commits daily and whenever you install, remove or upgrade package. It also keeps track of file permissions and user/group ownership metadata. I would also like to keep my "dot files" in my home directory under version control as well, preferably bazaar. Does anyone know if a tool like etckeeper exists for this purpose? Worst case, I imagine that a simple cron job running bzr add && bzr ci once or twice a day along with adding ~/Documents, ~/Music, ect to the .bzrignore Anyone already doing something similar with a script? While I'd prefer bazaar, other options might be interesting.

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• Lost P/W Tape Backup

  - by Jeff Rawlins

  We need to perform complete restore to critical server using tape backup (Veritas). Found out that former IT director put p/w on tape and we cannot locate or figure it out. Options for recovery?

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• Review the New Migration Guide to SQL Server 2012 Always On

  - by KKline

  I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Cephas Lin, of Microsoft, last year at the SQL Saturday in Indianapolis and then later at the PASS Summit in the fall. Cephas has been writing content for SQL Server 2012 Always On. Cephas has recently published his first whitepaper, a migration guide to SQL Server AlwaysOn. Read it and then pass along any feedback: HERE Enjoy, -Kev - Follow me on Twitter !...(read more)

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• How to make a btrfs snapshot?

  - by MountainX

  My /home partition consists of an entire physical disk. It is formatted as btrfs. I want to snapshot it. I'm confused regarding subvolume naming, in particular. I am aware that there are similar questions, but each similar question seems to be asking something different from what I'm asking (and they are older, which means probably outdated, given the rapid development of btrfs). For example, the answer to this question is apparently not the answer to my question because my /home partition is a separate volume and the man page for btrfs shows a different command for creating snapshots now. another similar problem, no solid solution. someone else as confused as me on the naming issues My question: Starting simple: is this the correct command to take a simple snapshot of my home partition? btrfs subvolume snapshot /home/@home /home/@home_snapshot_20120421 I got really brave and tested it and it does not work. The error is error accessing /home/@home. As shown below, @home is listed. I'm obviously confused on subvolume names. Do I need to use them in creating snapshots? Some examples show taking snapshots of home using /home as the source parameter, but based on examples of root volumes, it seems to me that I need to use /home/@home. Would this command work? And if not, why? btrfs subvolume snapshot /home /home/@home_snapshot_20120421 Is the @ just a naming convention? Is it meaningful at all? Here's some output that may be relevant: btrfs subvolume list /home ID 256 top level 5 path @home I'm not sure what that means, exactly. When I try btrfs device scan it gives an error (e.g. unable to scan the device /dev/sda1). My file system doesn't have any errors. Everything is fine.

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• How to sync Ubuntu/software/configurations between N computers with free software and/or without a cloud?

  - by skanatek

  Note: this question is not about syncing data in a Dropbox-like way (files, folders), it is more about syncing configurations. I would like to have exactly the same version of Ubuntu with all the software installed and configured both on my Desktop PC and on my Laptop PC (and maybe on my small netbook PC) without using Ubuntu Sync and with minimal maintenance effort (setup once, run for a long time). The use case is the following: I work on my Laptop PC and do some changes to software configuration, for example: configure vim to have a new plugin update the Search Tracker / Recoll file search index configure Thunderbird to have an additional IMAP account ('remember password') add some new bookmarks in Firefox/Chrome change the desktop background image install new software with apt-get install build and install new software with checkinstall etc. I do some 'sync' operation I switch to my Desktop PC and get all the changes from (1) working on the Desktop PC I work on my Desktop PC and do some changes to software configuration, for example: add new directory to the list of directories to be backed up by DejaDup add a new check spelling dictionary to the Libreoffice Writer configure the Terminator software to have colored fonts install new font into the Ubuntu system configure Ekiga to make phone calls etc. I do some 'sync' operation I switch to my Laptop PC and get all the changes from (1) and (4) working on the Laptop PC. Question: What free/open-source software can I use to sync both machines' Ubuntu systems, installed software and configurations? Is it possible to do that without any cloud services? Complementary question: It is obvious that the Desktop PC and the Laptop PC have different hardware configurations. How does the 'sync software' in question deal with video drivers, wlan drivers and their configurations? Note: I do not need all the PCs to be synced at the same time, because I work with only one single machine at once. Note: I considered to use Chef to solve the problem, but it seems that it might be really cumbersome to maintain such a setup. Note: I also considered using a bootable USB with Ubuntu installed (portable Linux), but I am not sure that the video drivers will work then.

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• How do I copy an existing hard disc to a new one so I can boot off the new disc?

  - by Brian Hooper

  I currently have a failing hard drive which is the only hard drive in the machine. I have just bought a new hard drive to replace it, and my plan is to copy the contents of the old drive onto the new one, and then replace the old drive in the machine with the new one. I presumably can't just copy the whole directory structure (or can I)? What do I need to do to manage this, assuming it is possible? Is there a utility to do this for me? (The old drive is hopefully good for a few more hours.) (I hope by this means to keep all the software and configuration files as they are, to avoid having to re-install everything. Can that be done?)

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• How to list user installed applications (not packages)?

  - by Bucic

  Not packages and not all applications. Just the applications user installed by himself from whatever source (Software Center, manually added PPA, etc.). If the above is not possible - a list of all installed applications or at least a GUI which lists the applications so I can take screenshots of it. I've read a dozen of similar questions and people posting answers usually don't even get close to OP question merit. Please note that my question includes 'user installed'. Answer: It is not currently possible in Ubuntu Linux. (choosing tijybba's answer as the closest one though)

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• How migrate my keyring (containing ssh passprases, nautilus remote filesystem, pgp passwords) and network manager connections?

  - by con-f-use

  I changed the disk on my laptop and installed Ubuntu on the new disk. Old disk had 12.04 upgraded to 12.10 on it. Now I want to copy my old keyring with WiFi passwords, ftp passwords for nautilus and ssh key passphrases. I have the whole data from the old disk available (is now a USB disk and I did not delete the old data yet or do anything with it - I could still put it in the laptop and boot from it like nothing happened). On the new disc that is now in my laptop, I have installed 12.10 with the same password, user-id and username as on the old disk. Then I copied a few important config files from the old disk (e.g. ~/.firefox/, ~/.mozilla, ~/.skype and so on, which all worked fine... except for the key ring: The old methods of just copying ~/.gconf/... and ~/.gnome2/keyrings won't work. Did I miss something? 1. Edit: I figure one needs to copy files not located in the users home directory as well. I copied the whole old /home/confus (which is my home directory) to the fresh install to no effect. That whole copy is now reverted to the fresh install's home directory, so my /home/confus is as it was the after fresh install. 2. Edit: The folder /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections seems to be the place for WiFi passwords. Could be that /usr/share/keyrings is important as well for ssh keys - that's the only sensible thing that a search came up with: find /usr/ -name "*keyring* 3. Edit: Still no ssh and ftp passwords from the keyring. What I did: Convert old hard drive to usb drive Put new drive in the laptop and installed fresh version of 12.10 there (same uid, username and passwort) Booted from old hdd via USB and copied its /etc/NetwrokManager/system-connections, ~/.gconf/ and ~/.gnome2/keyrings, ~/.ssh over to the new disk. Confirmed that all keys on the old install work Booted from new disk Result: No passphrase for ssh keys, no ftp passwords in keyring. At least the WiFi passwords are migrated. 4. Edit: Boutny! Ending soon... 5. Edit: Keyring's now in ./local/share/keyrings/. Also interesting .gnupg

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• Visualize Disaster

  - by merrillaldrich

  Or, How Mirroring Off-Site Saved my #Bacon My company does most things right. Our management is very supportive, listens and generally funds the technology that makes sense for the best interest of the organization. We have good redundancy, HA and disaster recovery in place that fit our objectives. Still, as they say, bad things can happen to good people. This weekend we did have an outage despite our best efforts, and that’s the reason for this post. It went pretty well for my team, all things considered,...(read more)

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• WMP Skipping Chapters When Restored to Fullscreen

  - by Jonathan Sampson

  I just noticed a rather interesting issue with WMP. I'm watching a DVD while working, and noticed that if I minimize it to my taskbar, and open up the small preview window I can watch it just fine. But if I restore it while it's playing, it immediately skips ahead to the next chapter, blowing right past several minutes of content. Is this standard behavior? Is there a work-around to keep it from doing this?

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• Which hidden files and directories do I need?

  - by Sammy Black

  In a previous question, I explained my situation/plan: backing up home directory on external drive, reformatting laptop drive, installing 14.04, putting home directory back. (It hasn't happened yet because I can't seem to find the down time, in case things aren't working right away.) It occurred to me that maybe I don't want all of those hidden files and directories (e.g. .local/share/ubuntuone/syncdaemon/, .cache/google-chrome/, etc.) Just judging by the amount of time in copying, I can tell that some of these hidden directories are large. Question: Are there any hidden directories that I obviously don't need/want when I have the laptop running an updated distribution? Will they cause conflicts? (I plan on copying the backed-up directory tree back onto the laptop with the --no-clobber option.)

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• "Reverse" encryption? - EncFS the other way around?

  - by stwissel

  Currently I'm using EncFS to encrypt my directory "confidential" to ".encconfidential" and sync that encrypted directory using an online service (e.g. Dropbox, UbuntuOne etc). However my entire disk is already LUKS encrypted, so the double encryption takes a toll on performance. I wonder is there an "inverted" EncFS option? An unencrypted directory gets mounted and in the mounted directory you only see encrypted files. So I could work with the unencrypted documents while the sync tool sees and read/writes the encrypted files only.

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• rsync not working between NTFS/FAT and EXT

  - by wim

  I have music that I play in my car, from an FAT32 USB stick. The folder which I use to put songs on is stored on my EXT4 hard drive. I add/remove/retag songs regularly and occassionally want to rsync the changes to the USB stick. But for some unknown reason (maybe permissions?), rsync copies all the files every time rather than just changed ones. I am calling rsync like : rsync -vrlptgD source dest How can I make it work like I want it to (i.e. know when a file hasn't been changed and don't copy it)?

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• Backup iTunes (store purchases, iphone backups, playlists) for Windows reinstall

  - by iulianchira

  I need to reinstall Windows on my PC. How can I backup iTunes - app store purchases, iPhone backups, media library, iTunes U - and restore it to the new iTunes installation after Windows reinstall? I am using Windows 7 and iTunes 9.

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• Truecrypt - I lost my booloader and recovery drive but know my password.. any help?

  - by Yash

  So earlier today a not-so-thought-out install of Ubuntu overwrote my MBR and destroyed my TrueCrypt bootloader. On checking, it turns out that my rescue disk is only 2mb and doesn't contain any visible files inside it! I do know my password.. any ideas on how I could restore the Truecrypt Bootloader or create a new Rescue Disk? Thanks :)

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