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  • How to calculate 2^n-1 efficiently without overflow?

    - by Ludwig Weinzierl
    I want to calculate 2^n-1 for a 64bit integer value. What I currently do is this for(i=0; i<n; i++) r|=1<<i; and I wonder if there is more elegant way to do it. The line is in an inner loop, so I need it to be fast. I thought of r=(1ULL<<n)-1; but it doesn't work for n=64, because << is only defined for values of n up to 63.

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  • Macros to set and clear bits

    - by volting
    Im trying to write a few simple macros to simplify the task of setting and clearing bits which should be a simple task however I cant seem to get them to work correctly. #define SET_BIT(p,n) ((p) |= (1 << (n))) #define CLR_BIT(p,n) ((p) &= (~(1) << (n)))

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  • Setting last N bits in an array

    - by Martin
    I'm sure this is fairly simple, however I have a major mental block on it, so I need a little help here! I have an array of 5 integers, the array is already filled with some data. I want to set the last N bits of the array to be random noise. [int][int][int][int][int] set last 40 bits [unchanged][unchanged][unchanged][24 bits of old data followed 8 bits of randomness][all random] This is largely language agnostic, but I'm working in C# so bonus points for answers in C#

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  • Why does the right-shift operator produce a zero instead of a one?

    - by mrt181
    Hi, i am teaching myself java and i work through the exercises in Thinking in Java. On page 116, exercise 11, you should right-shift an integer through all its binary positions and display each position with Integer.toBinaryString. public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 8; System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(i)); int maxIterations = Integer.toBinaryString(i).length(); int j; for (j = 1; j < maxIterations; j++) { i >>= 1; System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(i)); } In the solution guide the output looks like this: 1000 1100 1110 1111 When i run this code i get this: 1000 100 10 1 What is going on here. Are the digits cut off? I am using jdk1.6.0_20 64bit. The book uses jdk1.5 32bit.

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  • Proper way to handle issue when porting 32 to 64 bit. Conversion from DT1 to DT2 of greater size

    - by grobartn
    So I am trying to port 32 bit to 64 bit. I have turned on the VS2008 flag for detecting problems with 64 bit. I am trying following: char * pList = (char *)uiTmp); warning C4312: 'type cast' : conversion from 'unsigned int' to 'char *' of greater size Disregard the code itself. This is also true for any pointer, because 64 bit pointer is greater than 32 bit unsigned int or int for that purpose. Given that you have to cast smaller type to greater how would you go about doing it so it correctly on both 32/64 bit systems

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  • Overwriting a range of bits in an integer in a generic way

    - by porgarmingduod
    Given two integers X and Y, I want to overwrite bits at position P to P+N. Example: int x = 0xAAAA; // 0b1010101010101010 int y = 0x0C30; // 0b0000110000110000 int result = 0xAC3A; // 0b1010110000111010 Does this procedure have a name? If I have masks, the operation is easy enough: int mask_x = 0xF00F; // 0b1111000000001111 int mask_y = 0x0FF0; // 0b0000111111110000 int result = (x & mask_x) | (y & mask_y); What I can't quite figure out is how to write it in a generic way, such as in the following generic C++ function: template<typename IntType> IntType OverwriteBits(IntType dst, IntType src, int pos, int len) { // If: // dst = 0xAAAA; // 0b1010101010101010 // src = 0x0C30; // 0b0000110000110000 // pos = 4 ^ // len = 8 ^------- // Then: // result = 0xAC3A; // 0b1010110000111010 } The problem is that I cannot figure out how to make the masks properly when all the variables, including the width of the integer, is variable. Does anyone know how to write the above function properly?

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  • Is It Worth Using Bitwise Operators In Methods?

    - by user1626141
    I am very new to Java (and programming in general, my previous experience is with ActionScript 2.0 and some simple JavaScript), and I am working my way slowly and methodically through Java: A Beginner's Guide by Herbert Schildt. It is an incredible book. For one thing, I finally understand more-or-less what bitwise operators (which I first encountered in ActionScript 2.0) do, and that they are more efficient than other methods for certain sums. My question is, is it more efficient to use a method that uses, say, a shift right, to perform all your divisions/2 (or divisions/even) for you in a large program with many calculations (in this case, a sprawling RPG), or is it more efficient to simply use standard mathematical operations because the compiler will optimise it all for you? Or, am I asking the wrong question entirely?

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  • How do I unpack bits from a structure's stream_data in c code?

    - by Chelp
    Ex. typedef struct { bool streamValid; dword dateTime; dword timeStamp; stream_data[800]; } RadioDataA; Ex. Where stream_data[800] contains: **Variable** **Length (in bits)** packetID 8 packetL 8 versionMajor 4 versionMinor 4 radioID 8 etc.. I need to write: void unpackData(radioDataA *streamData, MA_DataA *maData) { //unpack streamData (from above) & put some of the data into maData //How do I read in bits of data? I know it's by groups of 8 but I don't understand how. //MAData is also a struct. }

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  • Rotating bits of any integer in C

    - by Tim
    Pass a integer 2 to this function and then return a integer which is 4 x = 2; x = rotateInt('L', x, 1); (left shift the bits by 1) Example: 00000010 - rotate left by 1 - 00000100 but if I pass this: x = rotateInt('R', x, 3); it will return 64, 01000000 Here is the code, can someone correct the error... thanks int rotateInt(char direction, unsigned int x, int y) { unsigned int mask = 0; int num = 0, result = 0; int i; for(i = 0; i < y; i++) { if(direction == 'R') { if((x & 1) == 1) x = (x ^ 129); else x = x >> 1; } else if(direction == 'L') { if((x & 128) == 1) x = (x ^ 129); else x = x << 1; } } result = (result ^ x); return result; }

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  • Getting the fractional part of a float without using modf()

    - by knight666
    Hi, I'm developing for a platform without a math library, so I need to build my own tools. My current way of getting the fraction is to convert the float to fixed point (multiply with (float)0xFFFF, cast to int), get only the lower part (mask with 0xFFFF) and convert it back to a float again. However, the imprecision is killing me. I'm using my Frac() and InvFrac() functions to draw an anti-aliased line. Using modf I get a perfectly smooth line. With my own method pixels start jumping around due to precision loss. This is my code: const float fp_amount = (float)(0xFFFF); const float fp_amount_inv = 1.f / fp_amount; inline float Frac(float a_X) { return ((int)(a_X * fp_amount) & 0xFFFF) * fp_amount_inv; } inline float Frac(float a_X) { return (0xFFFF - (int)(a_X * fp_amount) & 0xFFFF) * fp_amount_inv; } Thanks in advance!

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  • How to tell if Microsoft Works is 32 or 64 bit? Please Help!

    - by Bill Campbell
    Hi, I am trying to convert one of our apps to run on Win7 64 bit from XP 32 bit. One of the things that it uses is Excel to import files. It's a little complicated since it was using Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0 (Excel). I found Office 14 (2010) has a 64bit version I can download. I downloaded Office 2010 Beta but it didn't seem to install Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.14.0. I found that I could download 2010 Office System Driver Beta: Data Connectivity Components which has the ACE.OLEDB.14 in it but when I try to install it, the installed tells me "You cannot install the 64-bit version of Access Database engine for Microsoft Office 2010 because you currently have 32-bit Office products installed". How do I determine what 32bit office products this is reffering to? My Dell came with Microsoft Works installed. I don't know if this is 32 or 64 bit. Is there anyway to tell? I don't want to uninstall this if it's not the problem and I'm not sure what else might be the problem. Any help would be appreciated! thanks, Bill

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  • How do I know my laptop is 64 bit compatible?

    - by c.sokun
    I recently plan to buy a new laptop to run 64 bit OS, but I friend told me that my current laptop is 64 bit but I am not sure how do I verify if my laptop is ready to load 64 bit OS? Here is the result from cpuz edit: come say something at less if you want to vote this down :)

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  • Can I run virtualized 64-bit Operating Systems if my CPU doesn't support VT-X?

    - by tintinmj
    I have installed VMWare 10.0 workstation on my Compaq CQ60-615DX laptop. The Operating System is Windows 7 Home Premium. When I tried to run Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit in a virtual machine in VMWare I get an error saying: This virtual machine is configured for 64-bit guest operating systems. However, 64-bit operation is not possible. This host does not support Intel VT-x. For more detailed information, see http://vmware.com/info?id=152. So I googled and found that I have to enable Intel VT-x. But I found out that my processor doesn't support Intel® Virtualization Technology (VT-x). So am I doomed and can I never run any virtual OS on my laptop? Or can I run 32-bit OSes?

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  • How can install scripts determine which are the correct equivalents for /usr/lib for 32- and 64-bit libraries?

    - by Randalli
    I have an SDK that must install 32-bit and 64-bit files in the correct places under /usr/lib for a variety of Linux distributions. For example, it appears that for Fedora, /usr/lib64 is the 64bit lib, but for Debian based systems, /usr/lib is the 64bit directory. I want to find out if there is a reliable way to determine the correct locations. More specifically, is there a way an install script can determine programmatically which are the correct equivalents for /usr/lib for 32- and 64-bit libraries on a given distribution?

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  • Why is 64 bit Ubuntu not recomended for daily usage?

    - by REA_ANDREW
    I am just in the process of setting up a new laptop which came with Windows 7 64 bit installed. I am going to set it up to dual boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu. When I went to get the Ubuntu download I noticed that the 64 bit version is labelled with Not recomended for daily desktop usageNot recomended for daily desktop usage Why would this be? Why is 64 bit Ubuntu not recommended for daily desktop usage?

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  • Pygame: Save a list of objects/classes/surfaces

    - by Sam Tubb
    I am working on a game, in which you can create mazes. You place blocks on a 16x16 grid, while choosing from a variety of block to make the level with. Whenever you create a block, it adds this class: class Block(object): def __init__(self,x,y,spr): self.x=x self.y=y self.sprite=spr self.rect=self.sprite.get_rect(x=self.x,y=self.y) to a list called instances. I tried shelving it to a .bin file, but it returns some error dealing with surfaces. How can I go about saving and loading levels? Any help is appreciated! :) Here is the whole code for reference: import pygame from pygame.locals import * #initstuff pygame.init() screen=pygame.display.set_mode((640,480)) pygame.display.set_caption('PiMaze') instances=[] #loadsprites menuspr=pygame.image.load('images/menu.png').convert() b1spr=pygame.image.load('images/b1.png').convert() b2spr=pygame.image.load('images/b2.png').convert() currentbspr=b1spr curspr=pygame.image.load('images/curs.png').convert() curspr.set_colorkey((0,255,0)) #menu menuspr.set_alpha(185) menurect=menuspr.get_rect(x=-260,y=4) class MenuItem(object): def __init__(self,pos,spr): self.x=pos[0] self.y=pos[1] self.sprite=spr self.pos=(self.x,self.y) self.rect=self.sprite.get_rect(x=self.x,y=self.y) class Block(object): def __init__(self,x,y,spr): self.x=x self.y=y self.sprite=spr self.rect=self.sprite.get_rect(x=self.x,y=self.y) while True: #menu items b1menu=b1spr.get_rect(x=menurect.left+32,y=48) b2menu=b2spr.get_rect(x=menurect.left+64,y=48) menuitems=[MenuItem(b1menu,b1spr),MenuItem(b2menu,b2spr)] screen.fill((20,30,85)) mse=pygame.mouse.get_pos() key=pygame.key.get_pressed() placepos=((mse[0]/16)*16,(mse[1]/16)*16) if key[K_q]: if mse[0]<260: if menurect.right<255: menurect.right+=1 else: if menurect.left>-260: menurect.left-=1 else: if menurect.left>-260: menurect.left-=1 for e in pygame.event.get(): if e.type==QUIT: exit() if menurect.right<100: if e.type==MOUSEBUTTONUP: if e.button==1: to_remove = [i for i in instances if i.rect.collidepoint(placepos)] for i in to_remove: instances.remove(i) if not to_remove: instances.append(Block(placepos[0],placepos[1],currentbspr)) for i in instances: screen.blit(i.sprite,i.rect) if not key[K_q]: screen.blit(curspr,placepos) screen.blit(menuspr,menurect) for item in menuitems: screen.blit(item.sprite,item.pos) if item.rect.collidepoint(mse): if pygame.mouse.get_pressed()==(1,0,0): currentbspr=item.sprite pygame.draw.rect(screen, ((255,0,0)), item, 1) pygame.display.flip()

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  • Unable to install ubuntu on a AMD 64 bit system with a AMD Radeon HD 6670 graphics card

    - by Tom Wingrove
    I’ve been running a dual boot system (Ubuntu/Windows7) for two years or so with no problems. I recently built an AMD 64 Bit System, re-installed Windows but when I went to load Ubuntu inside Windows, hit a snag. The screen view during installation became small square blocks of colour, which obviously is a graphics drive problem. I tried various live disks both 32 & 64 bit for, Ubuntu 12.04, 11.10 & 10.10, all but Ubuntu 10.10 had the same problem. Ubuntu 10.10 loaded ok, installed the presented ATI graphics driver as usual but was left with the AMD Unsupported watermark at the bottom right of the screen. The graphics card installed in the computer is an MSI ATI Radeon HD 6670 (in effect an AMD Radeon HD 6670). I am fairly new to linux and while I can install and tweak the OS, I am rather baffled as to what to do. So my question is will an up to date ATI Driver be released in the near future for installation/live disks? Or am I going to have to downgrade my graphics card to use linux? Yours Tom Wingrove

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  • Where is my app.config for SSIS?

    Sometimes when working with SSIS you need to add or change settings in the .NET application configuration file, which can be a bit confusing when you are building a SSIS package not an application. First of all lets review a couple of examples where you may need to do this. You are using referencing an assembly in a Script Task that uses Enterprise Library (aka EntLib), so you need to add the relevant configuration sections and settings, perhaps for the logging application block. You are using using Enterprise Library in a custom task or component, and again you need to add the relevant configuration sections and settings. You are using a web service with Microsoft Web Services Enhancements (WSE) 3.0 and hosting the proxy in SSIS, in an assembly used by your package, and need to add the configuration sections and settings. You need to change behaviours of the .NET framework which can be influenced by a configuration file, such as the System.Net.Mail default SMTP settings. Perhaps you wish to configure System.Net and the httpWebRequest header for parsing unsafe header (useUnsafeHeaderParsing), which will change the way the HTTP Connection manager behaves. You are consuming a WCF service and wish to specify the endpoint in configuration. There are no doubt plenty more examples but each of these requires us to identify the correct configuration file and and make the relevant changes. There are actually several configuration files, each used by a different execution host depending on how you are working with the SSIS package. The folders we need to look in will actually vary depending on the version of SQL Server as well as the processor architecture, but most are all what we can call the Binn folder. The SQL Server 2005 Binn folder is at C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\, compared to C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\DTS\Binn\ for SQL Server 2008. If you are on a 64-bit machine then you will see C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\ for the 32-bit executables and C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\ for 64-bit, so be sure to check all relevant locations. Of course SQL Server 2008 may have a C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\100\DTS\Binn\ on a 64-bit machine too. To recap, the version of SQL Server determines if you look in the 90 or 100 sub-folder under SQL Server in Program Files (C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\nn\) . If you are running a 64-bit operating system then you will have two instances program files, C:\Program Files (x86)\ for 32-bit and  C:\Program Files\ for 64-bit. You may wish to check both depending on what you are doing, but this is covered more under each section below. There are a total of five specific configuration files that you may need to change, each one is detailed below: DTExec.exe.config DTExec.exe is the standalone command line tool used for executing SSIS packages, and therefore it is an execution host with an app.config file. e.g. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\DTExec.exe.config The file can be found in both the 32-bit and 64-bit Binn folders. DtsDebugHost.exe.config DtsDebugHost.exe is the execution host used by Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS) / Visual Studio when executing a package from the designer in debug mode, which is the default behaviour. e.g. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\DtsDebugHost.exe.config The file can be found in both the 32-bit and 64-bit Binn folders. This may surprise some people as Visual Studio is only 32-bit, but thankfully the debugger supports both. This can be set in the project properties, see the Run64BitRuntime property (true or false) in the Debugging pane of the Project Properties. dtshost.exe.config dtshost.exe is the execution host used by what I think of as the built-in features of SQL Server such as SQL Server Agent e.g. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\dtshost.exe.config This file can be found in both the 32-bit and 64-bit Binn folders devenv.exe.config Something slightly different is devenv.exe which is Visual Studio. This configuration file may also need changing if you need a feature at design-time such as in a Task Editor or Connection Manager editor. Visual Studio 2005 for SQL Server 2005  - C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe.config Visual Studio 2008 for SQL Server 2008  - C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe.config Visual Studio is only available for 32-bit so on a 64-bit machine you will have to look in C:\Program Files (x86)\ only. DTExecUI.exe.config The DTExec UI tool can also have a configuration file and these cab be found under the Tools folders for SQL Sever as shown below. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn\VSShell\Common7\IDE\DTExecUI.exe C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Binn\VSShell\Common7\IDE\DTExecUI.exe A configuration file may not exist, but if you can find the matching executable you know you are in the right place so can go ahead and add a new file yourself. In summary we have covered the assembly configuration files for all of the standard methods of building and running a SSIS package, but obviously if you are working programmatically you will need to make the relevant modifications to your program’s app.config as well.

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  • Where is my app.config for SSIS?

    Sometimes when working with SSIS you need to add or change settings in the .NET application configuration file, which can be a bit confusing when you are building a SSIS package not an application. First of all lets review a couple of examples where you may need to do this. You are using referencing an assembly in a Script Task that uses Enterprise Library (aka EntLib), so you need to add the relevant configuration sections and settings, perhaps for the logging application block. You are using using Enterprise Library in a custom task or component, and again you need to add the relevant configuration sections and settings. You are using a web service with Microsoft Web Services Enhancements (WSE) 3.0 and hosting the proxy in SSIS, in an assembly used by your package, and need to add the configuration sections and settings. You need to change behaviours of the .NET framework which can be influenced by a configuration file, such as the System.Net.Mail default SMTP settings. Perhaps you wish to configure System.Net and the httpWebRequest header for parsing unsafe header (useUnsafeHeaderParsing), which will change the way the HTTP Connection manager behaves. You are consuming a WCF service and wish to specify the endpoint in configuration. There are no doubt plenty more examples but each of these requires us to identify the correct configuration file and and make the relevant changes. There are actually several configuration files, each used by a different execution host depending on how you are working with the SSIS package. The folders we need to look in will actually vary depending on the version of SQL Server as well as the processor architecture, but most are all what we can call the Binn folder. The SQL Server 2005 Binn folder is at C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\, compared to C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\DTS\Binn\ for SQL Server 2008. If you are on a 64-bit machine then you will see C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\ for the 32-bit executables and C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\ for 64-bit, so be sure to check all relevant locations. Of course SQL Server 2008 may have a C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\100\DTS\Binn\ on a 64-bit machine too. To recap, the version of SQL Server determines if you look in the 90 or 100 sub-folder under SQL Server in Program Files (C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\nn\) . If you are running a 64-bit operating system then you will have two instances program files, C:\Program Files (x86)\ for 32-bit and  C:\Program Files\ for 64-bit. You may wish to check both depending on what you are doing, but this is covered more under each section below. There are a total of five specific configuration files that you may need to change, each one is detailed below: DTExec.exe.config DTExec.exe is the standalone command line tool used for executing SSIS packages, and therefore it is an execution host with an app.config file. e.g. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\DTExec.exe.config The file can be found in both the 32-bit and 64-bit Binn folders. DtsDebugHost.exe.config DtsDebugHost.exe is the execution host used by Business Intelligence Development Studio (BIDS) / Visual Studio when executing a package from the designer in debug mode, which is the default behaviour. e.g. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\DtsDebugHost.exe.config The file can be found in both the 32-bit and 64-bit Binn folders. This may surprise some people as Visual Studio is only 32-bit, but thankfully the debugger supports both. This can be set in the project properties, see the Run64BitRuntime property (true or false) in the Debugging pane of the Project Properties. dtshost.exe.config dtshost.exe is the execution host used by what I think of as the built-in features of SQL Server such as SQL Server Agent e.g. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\DTS\Binn\dtshost.exe.config This file can be found in both the 32-bit and 64-bit Binn folders devenv.exe.config Something slightly different is devenv.exe which is Visual Studio. This configuration file may also need changing if you need a feature at design-time such as in a Task Editor or Connection Manager editor. Visual Studio 2005 for SQL Server 2005  - C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe.config Visual Studio 2008 for SQL Server 2008  - C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\IDE\devenv.exe.config Visual Studio is only available for 32-bit so on a 64-bit machine you will have to look in C:\Program Files (x86)\ only. DTExecUI.exe.config The DTExec UI tool can also have a configuration file and these cab be found under the Tools folders for SQL Sever as shown below. C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\90\Tools\Binn\VSShell\Common7\IDE\DTExecUI.exe C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Tools\Binn\VSShell\Common7\IDE\DTExecUI.exe A configuration file may not exist, but if you can find the matching executable you know you are in the right place so can go ahead and add a new file yourself. In summary we have covered the assembly configuration files for all of the standard methods of building and running a SSIS package, but obviously if you are working programmatically you will need to make the relevant modifications to your program’s app.config as well.

    Read the article

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