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• Exit code 3 (not my return value, looking for source)

  - by Kathoz

  Greetings, my program exits with the code 3. No error messages, no exceptions, and the exit is not initiated by my code. The problem occurs when I am trying to read extremely long integer values from a text file (the text file is present and correctly opened, with successful prior reading). I am using very large amounts of memory (in fact, I think that this might be the cause, as I am nearly sure I go over the 2GB per process memory limit). I am also using the GMP (or, rather, MPIR) library to multiply bignums. I am fairly sure that this is not a file I/O problem as I got the same error code on a previous program version that was fully in-memory. System: MS Visual Studio 2008 MS Windows Vista Home Premium x86 MPIR 2.1.0 rc2 4GB RAM Where might this error code originate from? EDIT: this is the procedure that exits with the code void condenseBinSplitFile(const char *sourceFilename, int partCount){ //condense results file into final P and Q std::string tempFilename; std::string inputFilename(sourceFilename); std::string outputFilename(BIN_SPLIT_FILENAME_DATA2); mpz_class *P = new mpz_class(0); mpz_class *Q = new mpz_class(0); mpz_class *PP = new mpz_class(0); mpz_class *QQ = new mpz_class(0); FILE *sourceFile; FILE *resultFile; fpos_t oldPos; int swapCount = 0; while (partCount > 1){ std::cout << partCount << std::endl; sourceFile = fopen(inputFilename.c_str(), "r"); resultFile = fopen(outputFilename.c_str(), "w"); for (int i=0; i<partCount/2; i++){ //Multiplication order: //Get Q, skip P //Get QQ, mul Q and QQ, print Q, delete Q //Jump back to P, get P //Mul P and QQ, delete QQ //Skip QQ, get PP //Mul P and PP, delete P and PP //Get Q, skip P mpz_inp_str(Q->get_mpz_t(), sourceFile, CALC_BASE); fgetpos(sourceFile, &oldPos); skipLine(sourceFile); skipLine(sourceFile); //Get QQ, mul Q and QQ, print Q, delete Q mpz_inp_str(QQ->get_mpz_t(), sourceFile, CALC_BASE); (*Q) *= (*QQ); mpz_out_str(resultFile, CALC_BASE, Q->get_mpz_t()); fputc('\n', resultFile); (*Q) = 0; //Jump back to P, get P fsetpos(sourceFile, &oldPos); mpz_inp_str(P->get_mpz_t(), sourceFile, CALC_BASE); //Mul P and QQ, delete QQ (*P) *= (*QQ); (*QQ) = 0; //Skip QQ, get PP skipLine(sourceFile); skipLine(sourceFile); mpz_inp_str(PP->get_mpz_t(), sourceFile, CALC_BASE); //Mul P and PP, delete PP, print P, delete P (*P) += (*PP); (*PP) = 0; mpz_out_str(resultFile, CALC_BASE, P->get_mpz_t()); fputc('\n', resultFile); (*P) = 0; } partCount /= 2; fclose(sourceFile); fclose(resultFile); //swap filenames tempFilename = inputFilename; inputFilename = outputFilename; outputFilename = tempFilename; swapCount++; } delete P; delete Q; delete PP; delete QQ; remove(BIN_SPLIT_FILENAME_RESULTS); if (swapCount%2 == 0) rename(sourceFilename, BIN_SPLIT_FILENAME_RESULTS); else rename(BIN_SPLIT_FILENAME_DATA2, BIN_SPLIT_FILENAME_RESULTS); }

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• What am I doing wrong?, linking in C++

  - by Facon

  I'm trying to code a simple base64 encoder/decoder (to test my programming skill). I can compile it, but it doesn't link, I've this message error: C:\Documents and Settings\Facon\Escritoriog++ base64.o main.o -o prueba.exe main.o:main.cpp:(.text+0x24a): undefined reference to `Base64Encode(std::vector const&)' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status Compiler & Linker: Mingw32 3.4.5 SO: Windows XP This is my source code: base64.h: #ifndef BASE64_H #define BASE64_H #include <iostream> #include <vector> typedef unsigned char byte; std::string Base64Encode(const std::vector<byte> &array); std::vector<byte> Base64Decode(const std::string &array); #endif base64.cpp: #include "base64.h" std::string Base64Encode(std::vector<byte> &array) { const char *base64_table = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; const unsigned int size = array.size(); std::string output; for (unsigned int i = 0; (i < size); i++) { if ((size - i) > 3) { output.push_back(static_cast<char>(base64_table[array[i] >> 2])); output.push_back(static_cast<char>(base64_table[((array[i++] & 0x03) << 4) | ((array[i] & 0xF0) >> 4)])); output.push_back(static_cast<char>(base64_table[((array[i++] & 0x0F) << 2) | ((array[i] & 0xC0) >> 4)])); output.push_back(static_cast<char>(base64_table[array[i] & 0x3F])); } else if ((size - i) == 3) { output.push_back(static_cast<char>(base64_table[array[i] >> 2])); output.push_back(static_cast<char>(base64_table[((array[i++] & 0x03) << 4) | ((array[i] & 0xF0) >> 4)])); output.push_back(static_cast<char>(base64_table[(array[i] & 0x0F) << 2])); output.push_back(static_cast<char>('=')); } else if ((size - i) == 2) { output.push_back(static_cast<char>(base64_table[array[i] >> 2])); output.push_back(static_cast<char>(base64_table[(array[i] & 0x03) << 4])); output.push_back('='); output.push_back('='); } } return output; } std::vector<byte> Base64Decode(const std::string &array) // TODO { const char *base64_table = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/"; } main.cpp: #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include "base64.h" using namespace std; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { const char* prueba = "sure."; vector<byte> texto; string codificado; for (unsigned int i = 0; (prueba[i] != 0); i++) { texto.push_back(prueba[i]); } codificado = Base64Encode(texto); cout << codificado; return 0; } PD: Sorry for my bad knowledge of English :P

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• Difficulty analyzing text from a file

  - by Nikko

  I'm running into a rather amusing error with my output on this lab and I was wondering if any of you might be able to hint at where my problem lies. The goal is find the high, low, average, sum of the record, and output original record. I started with a rather basic program to solve for one record and when I achieved this I expanded the program to work with the entire text file. Initially the program would correctly output: 346 130 982 90 656 117 595 High# Low# Sum# Average# When I expanded it to work for the entire record my output stopped working how I had wanted it to. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 High: 0 Low: 0 Sum: 0 Average: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 High: 0 Low: 0 Sum: 0 Average: 0 etc... I cant quite figure out why my ifstream just completely stopped bothering to input the values from file. I'll go take a walk and take another crack at it. If that doesn't work I'll be back here to check for any responses =) Thank you! #include <iostream> #include <fstream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> using namespace std; int main() { int num; int high = 0; int low = 1000; double average = 0; double sum = 0; int numcount = 0; int lines = 1; char endoline; ifstream inData; ofstream outData; inData.open("c:\\Users\\Nikko\\Desktop\\record5ain.txt"); outData.open("c:\\Users\\Nikko\\Desktop\\record5aout.txt"); if(!inData) //Reminds me to change path names when working on different computers. { cout << "Could not open file, program will exit" << endl; exit(1); } while(inData.get(endoline)) { if(endoline == '\n') lines++; } for(int A = 0; A < lines; A++) { for(int B = 0; B < 7; B++) { while(inData >> num) inData >> num; numcount++; sum += num; if(num < low) low = num; if(num > high) high = num; average = sum / numcount; outData << num << '\t'; } outData << "High: " << high << " " << "Low: " << low << " " << "Sum: " << sum << " " << "Average: " << average << endl; } inData.close(); outData.close(); return(0); }

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• Binary operator overloading on a templated class (C++)

  - by GRB

  Hi all, I was recently trying to gauge my operator overloading/template abilities and as a small test, created the Container class below. While this code compiles fine and works correctly under MSVC 2008 (displays 11), both MinGW/GCC and Comeau choke on the operator+ overload. As I trust them more than MSVC, I'm trying to figure out what I'm doing wrong. Here is the code: #include <iostream> using namespace std; template <typename T> class Container { friend Container<T> operator+ <> (Container<T>& lhs, Container<T>& rhs); public: void setobj(T ob); T getobj(); private: T obj; }; template <typename T> void Container<T>::setobj(T ob) { obj = ob; } template <typename T> T Container<T>::getobj() { return obj; } template <typename T> Container<T> operator+ <> (Container<T>& lhs, Container<T>& rhs) { Container<T> temp; temp.obj = lhs.obj + rhs.obj; return temp; } int main() { Container<int> a, b; a.setobj(5); b.setobj(6); Container<int> c = a + b; cout << c.getobj() << endl; return 0; } This is the error Comeau gives: Comeau C/C++ 4.3.10.1 (Oct 6 2008 11:28:09) for ONLINE_EVALUATION_BETA2 Copyright 1988-2008 Comeau Computing. All rights reserved. MODE:strict errors C++ C++0x_extensions "ComeauTest.c", line 27: error: an explicit template argument list is not allowed on this declaration Container<T> operator+ <> (Container<T>& lhs, Container<T>& rhs) ^ 1 error detected in the compilation of "ComeauTest.c". I'm having a hard time trying to get Comeau/MingGW to play ball, so that's where I turn to you guys. It's been a long time since my brain has melted this much under the weight of C++ syntax, so I feel a little embarrassed ;). Thanks in advance. EDIT: Eliminated an (irrelevant) lvalue error listed in initial Comeau dump.

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• std::basic_string full specialization (g++ conflict)

  - by SoapBox

  I am trying to define a full specialization of std::basic_string< char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> > which is typedef'd (in g++) by the <string> header. The problem is, if I include <string> first, g++ sees the typedef as an instantiation of basic_string and gives me errors. If I do my specialization first then I have no issues. I should be able to define my specialization after <string> is included. What do I have to do to be able to do that? My Code: #include <bits/localefwd.h> //#include <string> // <- uncommenting this line causes compilation to fail namespace std { template<> class basic_string< char, char_traits<char>, allocator<char> > { public: int blah() { return 42; } size_t size() { return 0; } const char *c_str() { return ""; } void reserve(int) {} void clear() {} }; } #include <string> #include <iostream> int main() { std::cout << std::string().blah() << std::endl; } The above code works fine. But, if I uncomment the first #include <string> line, I get the following compiler errors: blah.cpp:7: error: specialization of ‘std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >’ after instantiation blah.cpp:7: error: redefinition of ‘class std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >’ /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stringfwd.h:52: error: previous definition of ‘class std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >’ blah.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: blah.cpp:22: error: ‘class std::string’ has no member named ‘blah’ Line 52 of /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stringfwd.h: template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits = char_traits<_CharT>, typename _Alloc = allocator<_CharT> > class basic_string; As far as I know this is just a forward delcaration of the template, NOT an instantiation as g++ claims. Line 56 of /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stringfwd.h: typedef basic_string<char> string; As far as I know this is just a typedef, NOT an instantiation either. So why are these lines conflicting with my code? What can I do to fix this other than ensuring that my code is always included before <string>?

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• C++ - getline() keeps reading the same line over and over again for some reason

  - by Jammanuser

  I am wondering WTF my while loop which calls istream& getline ( istream& is, string& str ); keeps reading the same line again. I have the following while loop (nested down several levels of other while loops and if statements) which calls getline, but my output statement which is the first code line in the while loop's block of code tells me it is reading the same line over and over again, which explains why my output file doesn't contain the right data when my program is finished. while (getline(file_handle, buffer_str)) { cout<< buffer_str <<endl; cin.get(); if ((buffer_str.find(';', 0) != string::npos) && (buffer_str.find('\"', 0) != string::npos)) { //we're now at the end of the 'exc' initialiation statement buffer_str.erase(buffer_str.size() - 2, 1); buffer_str += '\n'; for (size_t i = 0; i < pos; i++) { buffer_str += ' '; } buffer_str += "throw(exc);\n"; for (size_t i = 0; i < (pos - 3); i++) { buffer_str += ' '; } buffer_str += '}'; } else if (buffer_str.find(search_str6, 0) != string::npos) { //we're now at the second problem line of the first case buffer_str += " {\n"; output_str += buffer_str; output_str += '\n'; getline(file_handle, buffer_str); //We're now at the beginning of the 'exc' initialiation statement output_str += buffer_str; output_str += '\n'; while (getline(file_handle, buffer_str)) { if ((buffer_str.find(';', 0) != string::npos) && (buffer_str.find('\"', 0) != string::npos)) { //we're now at the end of the 'exc' initialiation statement buffer_str.erase(buffer_str.size() - 2, 1); buffer_str += '\n'; for (size_t i = 0; i < pos; i++) { buffer_str += ' '; } buffer_str += "throw(exc);\n"; for (size_t i = 0; i < (pos - 3); i++) { buffer_str += ' '; } buffer_str += '}'; } output_str += buffer_str; output_str += '\n'; if (buffer_str.find("return", 0) != string::npos) { getline(file_handle, buffer_str); output_str += buffer_str; output_str += '\n'; about_to_break = true; break; //out of this while loop } } } if (about_to_break) { break; //out of the level 3 while loop (execution then goes back up to beginning of level 2 while loop) } output_str += buffer_str; output_str += '\n'; } Because of this problem, my if statement and then my else statement in my loop are not functioning as they should, and it doesn't break out of that loop when it should (though it eventually does break out of it, but I don't know exactly how yet). Anyone have any idea what could be causing this problem?? Thanks in advance.

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• Rewrite C++ code into Objective C

  - by Phil_M

  Hello I got some C++ Sourcecode that I would like to rewrite into Objective C. It would help me alot if someone could write me a header file for this Code. When I get the Headerfile I would be able to rewrite the rest of the Sourcecode. It would be very nice if someone could help me please. Thanks I will poste the sourcecode here: #include <stdlib.h> #include <iostream.h> #define STATES 5 int transitionTable[STATES][STATES]; // function declarations: double randfloat (void); int chooseNextEventFromTable (int current, int table[STATES][STATES]); int chooseNextEventFromTransitionTablee (int currentState); void setTable (int value, int table[STATES][STATES]); ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// int main(void) { int i; // for demo purposes: transitionTable[0][0] = 0; transitionTable[0][1] = 20; transitionTable[0][2] = 30; transitionTable[0][3] = 50; transitionTable[0][4] = 0; transitionTable[1][0] = 35; transitionTable[1][1] = 25; transitionTable[1][2] = 20; transitionTable[1][3] = 30; transitionTable[1][4] = 0; transitionTable[2][0] = 70; transitionTable[2][1] = 0; transitionTable[2][2] = 15; transitionTable[2][3] = 0; transitionTable[2][4] = 15; transitionTable[3][0] = 0; transitionTable[3][1] = 25; transitionTable[3][2] = 25; transitionTable[3][3] = 0; transitionTable[3][4] = 50; transitionTable[4][0] = 13; transitionTable[4][1] = 17; transitionTable[4][2] = 22; transitionTable[4][3] = 48; transitionTable[4][4] = 0; int currentState = 0; for (i=0; i<10; i++) { std::cout << currentState << " "; currentState = chooseNextEventFromTransitionTablee(currentState); } return 0; }; ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// ////////////////////////////// // // chooseNextEventFromTransitionTable -- choose the next note. // int chooseNextEventFromTransitionTablee(int currentState) { int targetSum = 0; int sum = 0; int targetNote = 0; int totalevents = 0; int i; currentState = currentState % STATES; // remove any octave value for (i=0; i<STATES; i++) { totalevents += transitionTable[currentState][i]; } targetSum = (int)(randfloat() * totalevents + 0.5); while (targetNote < STATES && sum+transitionTable[currentState][targetNote] < targetSum) { sum += transitionTable[currentState][targetNote]; targetNote++; } return targetNote; } ////////////////////////////// // // randfloat -- returns a random number between 0.0 and 1.0. // double randfloat(void) { return (double)rand()/RAND_MAX; } ////////////////////////////// // // setTable -- set all values in the transition table to the given value. // void setTable(int value, int table[STATES][STATES]) { int i, j; for (i=0; i<STATES; i++) { for (j=0; j<STATES; j++) { table[i][j] = value; } } }

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• Double Linked List header node keeps returning first value as 0

  - by Craig

  I will preface to say that this is my first question. I am currently getting my Masters degree in Information Security and I had to take C++ programming this semester. So this is homework related. I am not looking for you to answer my homework but I am running into a peculiar situation. I have created the program to work with a doubly linked list and everything works fine. However when I have the user create a list of values the first node keeps returning 0. I have tried finding some reading on this and I cannot locate any reference to it. My question is then is the header node(first node) always going to be zero? Or am I doing something wrong. case: 'C': cout<<"Please enter a list:"<<endl; while(n!=-999){ myList.insert(n); cin>> n;} break; I now enter: 12321, 1234,64564,346346. The results in 0, 12321, 1234, 64564,346346. Is this what should happen or am I doing something wrong? Also as this is my first post please feel free to criticize or teach me how to color code the keywords. Anyway this is a homework assignment so I am only looking for guidance and constructive criticism. Thank you all in advance So I cannot figure out the comment sections on this forum so I will edit the original post The first section is the constructor code: template <class Type> doublyLinkedList<Type>::doublyLinkedList() { first= NULL; last = NULL; count = 0; } Then there is my insert function : template <class Type> void doublyLinkedList<Type>::insert(const Type& insertItem) { nodeType<Type> *current; //pointer to traverse the list nodeType<Type> *trailCurrent; //pointer just before current nodeType<Type> *newNode; //pointer to create a node bool found; newNode = new nodeType<Type>; //create the node newNode->info = insertItem; //store the new item in the node newNode->next = NULL; newNode->back = NULL; if(first == NULL) //if the list is empty, newNode is //the only node { first = newNode; last = newNode; count++; } else { found = false; current = first; while (current != NULL && !found) //search the list if (current->info >= insertItem) found = true; else { trailCurrent = current; current = current->next; } if (current == first) //insert newNode before first { first->back = newNode; newNode->next = first; first = newNode; count++; } else { //insert newNode between trailCurrent and current if (current != NULL) { trailCurrent->next = newNode; newNode->back = trailCurrent; newNode->next = current; current->back = newNode; } else { trailCurrent->next = newNode; newNode->back = trailCurrent; last = newNode; } count++; }//end else }//end else }//end Then I have an initialization function too: template <class Type> void doublyLinkedList<Type>::initializeList() { destroy(); } Did I miss anything?

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• allocating extra memory for a container class.

  - by sil3nt

  Hey there, I'm writing a template container class and for the past few hours have been trying to allocate new memory for extra data that comes into the container (...hit a brick wall..:| ) template <typename T> void Container<T>::insert(T item, int index){ if ( index < 0){ cout<<"Invalid location to insert " << index << endl; return; } if (index < sizeC){ //copying original array so that when an item is //placed in the middleeverything else is shifted forward T *arryCpy = 0; int tmpSize = 0; tmpSize = size(); arryCpy = new T[tmpSize]; int i = 0, j = 0; for ( i = 0; i < tmpSize; i++){ for ( j = index; j < tmpSize; j++){ arryCpy[i] = elements[j]; } } //overwriting and placing item and location index elements[index] = item; //copying back everything else after the location at index int k = 0, l = 0; for ( k =(index+1), l=0; k < sizeC || l < (sizeC-index); k++,l++){ elements[k] = arryCpy[l]; } delete[] arryCpy; arryCpy = 0; } //seeing if the location is more than the current capacity //and hence allocating more memory if (index+1 > capacityC){ int new_capacity = 0; int current_size = size(); new_capacity = ((index+1)-capacityC)+capacityC; //variable for new capacity T *tmparry2 = 0; tmparry2 = new T[new_capacity]; int n = 0; for (n = 0; n < current_size;n++){ tmparry2[n] = elements[n]; } delete[] elements; elements = 0; //copying back what we had before elements = new T[new_capacity]; int m = 0; for (m = 0; m < current_size; m++){ elements[m] = tmparry2[m]; } //placing item elements[index] = item; } else{ elements[index] = item; } //increasing the current count sizeC++; my testing condition is Container cnt4(3); and as soon as i hit the fourth element (when I use for egsomething.insert("random",3);) it crashes and the above doesnt work. where have I gone wrong?

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• Can you help me get my head around openssl public key encryption with rsa.h in c++?

  - by Ben

  Hi there, I am trying to get my head around public key encryption using the openssl implementation of rsa in C++. Can you help? So far these are my thoughts (please do correct if necessary) Alice is connected to Bob over a network Alice and Bob want secure communications Alice generates a public / private key pair and sends public key to Bob Bob receives public key and encrypts a randomly generated symmetric cypher key (e.g. blowfish) with the public key and sends the result to Alice Alice decrypts the ciphertext with the originally generated private key and obtains the symmetric blowfish key Alice and Bob now both have knowledge of symmetric blowfish key and can establish a secure communication channel Now, I have looked at the openssl/rsa.h rsa implementation (since I already have practical experience with openssl/blowfish.h), and I see these two functions: int RSA_public_encrypt(int flen, unsigned char *from, unsigned char *to, RSA *rsa, int padding); int RSA_private_decrypt(int flen, unsigned char *from, unsigned char *to, RSA *rsa, int padding); If Alice is to generate *rsa, how does this yield the rsa key pair? Is there something like rsa_public and rsa_private which are derived from rsa? Does *rsa contain both public and private key and the above function automatically strips out the necessary key depending on whether it requires the public or private part? Should two unique *rsa pointers be generated so that actually, we have the following: int RSA_public_encrypt(int flen, unsigned char *from, unsigned char *to, RSA *rsa_public, int padding); int RSA_private_decrypt(int flen, unsigned char *from, unsigned char *to, RSA *rsa_private, int padding); Secondly, in what format should the *rsa public key be sent to Bob? Must it be reinterpreted in to a character array and then sent the standard way? I've heard something about certificates -- are they anything to do with it? Sorry for all the questions, Best Wishes, Ben. EDIT: Coe I am currently employing: /* * theEncryptor.cpp * * * Created by ben on 14/01/2010. * Copyright 2010 __MyCompanyName__. All rights reserved. * */ #include "theEncryptor.h" #include <iostream> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <sstream> theEncryptor::theEncryptor() { } void theEncryptor::blowfish(unsigned char *data, int data_len, unsigned char* key, int enc) { // hash the key first! unsigned char obuf[20]; bzero(obuf,20); SHA1((const unsigned char*)key, 64, obuf); BF_KEY bfkey; int keySize = 16;//strlen((char*)key); BF_set_key(&bfkey, keySize, obuf); unsigned char ivec[16]; memset(ivec, 0, 16); unsigned char* out=(unsigned char*) malloc(data_len); bzero(out,data_len); int num = 0; BF_cfb64_encrypt(data, out, data_len, &bfkey, ivec, &num, enc); //for(int i = 0;i<data_len;i++)data[i]=out[i]; memcpy(data, out, data_len); free(out); } void theEncryptor::generateRSAKeyPair(int bits) { rsa = RSA_generate_key(bits, 65537, NULL, NULL); } int theEncryptor::publicEncrypt(unsigned char* data, unsigned char* dataEncrypted,int dataLen) { return RSA_public_encrypt(dataLen, data, dataEncrypted, rsa, RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING); } int theEncryptor::privateDecrypt(unsigned char* dataEncrypted, unsigned char* dataDecrypted) { return RSA_private_decrypt(RSA_size(rsa), dataEncrypted, dataDecrypted, rsa, RSA_PKCS1_OAEP_PADDING); } void theEncryptor::receivePublicKeyAndSetRSA(int sock, int bits) { int max_hex_size = (bits / 4) + 1; char keybufA[max_hex_size]; bzero(keybufA,max_hex_size); char keybufB[max_hex_size]; bzero(keybufB,max_hex_size); int n = recv(sock,keybufA,max_hex_size,0); n = send(sock,"OK",2,0); n = recv(sock,keybufB,max_hex_size,0); n = send(sock,"OK",2,0); rsa = RSA_new(); BN_hex2bn(&rsa->n, keybufA); BN_hex2bn(&rsa->e, keybufB); } void theEncryptor::transmitPublicKey(int sock, int bits) { const int max_hex_size = (bits / 4) + 1; long size = max_hex_size; char keyBufferA[size]; char keyBufferB[size]; bzero(keyBufferA,size); bzero(keyBufferB,size); sprintf(keyBufferA,"%s\r\n",BN_bn2hex(rsa->n)); sprintf(keyBufferB,"%s\r\n",BN_bn2hex(rsa->e)); int n = send(sock,keyBufferA,size,0); char recBuf[2]; n = recv(sock,recBuf,2,0); n = send(sock,keyBufferB,size,0); n = recv(sock,recBuf,2,0); } void theEncryptor::generateRandomBlowfishKey(unsigned char* key, int bytes) { /* srand( (unsigned)time( NULL ) ); std::ostringstream stm; for(int i = 0;i<bytes;i++){ int randomValue = 65 + rand()% 26; stm << (char)((int)randomValue); } std::string str(stm.str()); const char* strs = str.c_str(); for(int i = 0;bytes;i++)key[i]=strs[i]; */ int n = RAND_bytes(key, bytes); if(n==0)std::cout<<"Warning key was generated with bad entropy. You should not consider communication to be secure"<<std::endl; } theEncryptor::~theEncryptor(){}

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• Compilation problems with vector<auto_ptr<> >

  - by petersohn

  Consider the following code: #include <iostream> #include <memory> #include <vector> using namespace std; struct A { int a; A(int a_):a(a_) {} }; int main() { vector<auto_ptr<A> > as; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { auto_ptr<A> a(new A(i)); as.push_back(a); } for (vector<auto_ptr<A> >::iterator it = as.begin(); it != as.end(); ++it) cout << (*it)->a << endl; } When trying to compile it, I get the following obscure compiler error from g++: g++ -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"src/proba.d" -MT"src/proba.d" -o"src/proba.o" "../src/proba.cpp" /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/ext/new_allocator.h: In member function ‘void __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::construct(_Tp*, const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>]’: /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_vector.h:606: instantiated from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’ ../src/proba.cpp:19: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/ext/new_allocator.h:104: error: passing ‘const std::auto_ptr<A>’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘std::auto_ptr<_Tp>::operator std::auto_ptr_ref<_Tp1>() [with _Tp1 = A, _Tp = A]’ discards qualifiers /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/vector.tcc: In member function ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_insert_aux(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >, const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’: /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_vector.h:610: instantiated from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’ ../src/proba.cpp:19: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/vector.tcc:256: error: passing ‘const std::auto_ptr<A>’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘std::auto_ptr<_Tp>::operator std::auto_ptr_ref<_Tp1>() [with _Tp1 = A, _Tp = A]’ discards qualifiers /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_construct.h: In function ‘void std::_Construct(_T1*, const _T2&) [with _T1 = std::auto_ptr<A>, _T2 = std::auto_ptr<A>]’: /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:86: instantiated from ‘_ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy_aux(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator, __false_type) [with _InputIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >, _ForwardIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:113: instantiated from ‘_ForwardIterator std::uninitialized_copy(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator) [with _InputIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >, _ForwardIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:254: instantiated from ‘_ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy_a(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator, std::allocator<_Tp>) [with _InputIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >, _ForwardIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >, _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>]’ /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/vector.tcc:279: instantiated from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_insert_aux(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >, const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_vector.h:610: instantiated from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’ ../src/proba.cpp:19: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_construct.h:81: error: passing ‘const std::auto_ptr<A>’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘std::auto_ptr<_Tp>::operator std::auto_ptr_ref<_Tp1>() [with _Tp1 = A, _Tp = A]’ discards qualifiers make: *** [src/proba.o] Error 1 It seems to me that there is some kind of problem with consts here. Does this mean that auto_ptr can't be used in vectors?

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• Compilng problems with vector<auto_ptr<> >

  - by petersohn

  Consider the following code: #include <iostream> #include <memory> #include <vector> using namespace std; struct A { int a; A(int a_):a(a_) {} }; int main() { vector<auto_ptr<A> > as; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { auto_ptr<A> a(new A(i)); as.push_back(a); } for (vector<auto_ptr<A> >::iterator it = as.begin(); it != as.end(); ++it) cout << (*it)->a << endl; } When trying to compile it, I get the following obscure compiler error from g++: g++ -O0 -g3 -Wall -c -fmessage-length=0 -MMD -MP -MF"src/proba.d" -MT"src/proba.d" -o"src/proba.o" "../src/proba.cpp" /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/ext/new_allocator.h: In member function ‘void __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::construct(_Tp*, const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>]’: /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_vector.h:606: instantiated from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’ ../src/proba.cpp:19: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/ext/new_allocator.h:104: error: passing ‘const std::auto_ptr<A>’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘std::auto_ptr<_Tp>::operator std::auto_ptr_ref<_Tp1>() [with _Tp1 = A, _Tp = A]’ discards qualifiers /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/vector.tcc: In member function ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_insert_aux(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >, const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’: /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_vector.h:610: instantiated from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’ ../src/proba.cpp:19: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/vector.tcc:256: error: passing ‘const std::auto_ptr<A>’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘std::auto_ptr<_Tp>::operator std::auto_ptr_ref<_Tp1>() [with _Tp1 = A, _Tp = A]’ discards qualifiers /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_construct.h: In function ‘void std::_Construct(_T1*, const _T2&) [with _T1 = std::auto_ptr<A>, _T2 = std::auto_ptr<A>]’: /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:86: instantiated from ‘_ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy_aux(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator, __false_type) [with _InputIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >, _ForwardIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:113: instantiated from ‘_ForwardIterator std::uninitialized_copy(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator) [with _InputIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >, _ForwardIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_uninitialized.h:254: instantiated from ‘_ForwardIterator std::__uninitialized_copy_a(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, _ForwardIterator, std::allocator<_Tp>) [with _InputIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >, _ForwardIterator = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<std::auto_ptr<A>*, std::vector<std::auto_ptr<A>, std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> > > >, _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>]’ /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/vector.tcc:279: instantiated from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_insert_aux(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >, const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_vector.h:610: instantiated from ‘void std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::push_back(const _Tp&) [with _Tp = std::auto_ptr<A>, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::auto_ptr<A> >]’ ../src/proba.cpp:19: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.1.2/bits/stl_construct.h:81: error: passing ‘const std::auto_ptr<A>’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘std::auto_ptr<_Tp>::operator std::auto_ptr_ref<_Tp1>() [with _Tp1 = A, _Tp = A]’ discards qualifiers make: *** [src/proba.o] Error 1 It seems to me that there is some kind of problem with consts here. Does this mean that auto_ptr can't be used in vectors?

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• Where to look for real url

  - by smallB

  I'm trying to write simple application for downloading videos from youtube. My code for getting file (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pViMzR_ylXg) looks like: bool FD_core::get_file() { QNetworkRequest request; request.setUrl(QUrl("http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pViMzR_ylXg")); connect(network_access_manager_, SIGNAL(finished(QNetworkReply*)), this, SLOT(onRequestCompleted(QNetworkReply *))); network_access_manager_->get(request); return true; } void FD_core::onRequestCompleted(QNetworkReply * reply) { QByteArray data_ = reply->readAll(); cout << data_.constData(); qDebug() << "size: " << data_.size(); } In the above function data_.constData() produces lots of text, part (very small) of it: <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" > <head> <script> var yt = yt || {};yt.timing = yt.timing || {};yt.timing.tick = function(label, opt_time) {var timer = yt.timing['timer'] || {};if(opt_time) {timer[label] = opt_time;}else {timer[label] = new Date().getTime();}yt.timing['timer'] = timer;};yt.timing.info = function(label, value) {var info_args = yt.timing['info_args'] || {};info_args[label] = value;yt.timing['info_args'] = info_args;};yt.timing.info('e', "907050,906359,927900,919320,914021,916611,922401,920704,912806,927201,925706,928001,922403,913546,913556,920201,911116,901451");yt.timing.wff = true;yt.timing.info('pr', "1");yt.timing.info('an', "dclk,aftv,afv");if (document.webkitVisibilityState == 'prerender') {document.addEventListener('webkitvisibilitychange', function() {yt.timing.tick('start');}, false);}yt.timing.tick('start');yt.timing.info('li','0');try {yt.timing['srt'] = window.gtbExternal && window.gtbExternal.pageT() ||window.external && window.external.pageT;} catch(e) {}if (window.chrome && window.chrome.csi) {yt.timing['srt'] = Math.floor(window.chrome.csi().pageT);}if (window.msPerformance && window.msPerformance.timing) {yt.timing['srt'] = window.msPerformance.timing.responseStart - window.msPerformance.timing.navigationStart;} </script> <script>var yt = yt || {};yt.preload = {};yt.preload.counter_ = 0;yt.preload.start = function(src) {var img = new Image();var counter = ++yt.preload.counter_;yt.preload[counter] = img;img.onload = img.onerror = function () {delete yt.preload[counter];};img.src = src;img = null;};yt.preload.start("http:\/\/o-o---preferred---sn-xn5ucu-q0ce---v3---lscache7.c.youtube.com\/crossdomain.xml");yt.preload.start("http:\/\/o-o---preferred---sn-xn5ucu-q0ce---v3---lscache7.c.youtube.com\/generate_204?ip=95.83.224.63\u0026upn=A3aUhLYV55M\u0026sparams=algorithm%2Cburst%2Ccp%2Cfactor%2Cgcr%2Cid%2Cip%2Cipbits%2Citag%2Csource%2Cupn%2Cexpire\u0026fexp=907050%2C906359%2C927900%2C919320%2C914021%2C916611%2C922401%2C920704%2C912806%2C927201%2C925706%2C928001%2C922403%2C913546%2C913556%2C920201%2C911116%2C901451\u0026mt=1354207274\u0026key=yt1\u0026algorithm=throttle-factor\u0026burst=40\u0026ipbits=8\u0026itag=34\u0026sver=3\u0026signature=692E605215EB4D2CA407291CA26E14B844768A89.7A2930CE25FDDFC7C4FF5AA56DD02538B0020267\u0026mv=m\u0026source=youtube\u0026ms=au\u0026gcr=ie\u0026expire=1354228237\u0026factor=1.25\u0026cp=U0hUSVJNVl9IUUNONF9KR1pDOi0tSFhhRzVFRkd6\u0026id=a5588ccd1ff29578");</script><title>Die Antwoord - Fok Julle Naaiers (Mike Tyson&#39;s Words NOT DJ Hi-Teks) - YouTube</title><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="http://www.youtube.com/opensearch?locale=en_US" title="YouTube Video Search"><link rel="icon" href="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/favicon-vfldLzJxy.ico" type="image/x-icon"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="http://s.ytimg.com/yts/img/favicon-vfldLzJxy.ico" type="image/x-icon"> <link rel="icon" href="//s.ytimg.com/yts/img/favicon_32-vflWoMFGx.png" sizes="32x32"><link rel="canonical" href="/watch?v=pViMzR_ylXg"><link rel="alternate" media="handheld" href="http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pViMzR_ylXg"><link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pViMzR_ylXg"><link rel="shortlink" href="http://youtu.be/pViMzR_ylXg"> <meta name="title" content="Die Antwoord - Fok Julle Naaiers (Mike Tyson&#39;s Words NOT DJ Hi-Teks)"> <meta name="description" content="Some of the lyrics of &quot;Die Antwoord&quot; new single &quot;Fok Julle Naaiers&quot; have caused such controversy that Die Antwoord have split with their record label Intersc..."> <meta name="keywords" content="Die Antwoord, Fok Julle Naaiers, Mike Tyson, DJ Hi-Tek, Faggot"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="http://www.youtube.com/oembed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DpViMzR_ylXg&amp;format=json" title="Die Antwoord - Fok Julle Naaiers (Mike Tyson&#39;s Words NOT DJ Hi-Teks)"> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="http://www.youtube.com/oembed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DpViMzR_ylXg&amp;format=xml" title="Die Antwoord - Fok Julle Naaiers (Mike Tyson&#39;s Words NOT DJ Hi-Teks)"> <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pViMzR_ylXg"> <meta property="og:title" content="Die Antwoord - Fok Julle Naaiers (Mike Tyson&#39;s Words NOT DJ Hi-Teks)"> <meta property="og:description" content="Some of the lyrics of &quot;Die Antwoord&quot; new single &quot;Fok Julle Naaiers&quot; have caused such controversy that Die Antwoord have split with their record label Intersc..."> <meta property="og:type" content="video"> <meta property="og:image" content="http://i1.ytimg.com/vi/pViMzR_ylXg/mqdefault.jpg"> <meta property="og:video" content="http://www.youtube.com/v/pViMzR_ylXg?version=3&amp;autohide=1"> <meta property="og:video:type" content="application/x-shockwave-flash"> <meta property="og:video:width" content="853"> <meta property="og:video:height" content="480"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="YouTube"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="87741124305"> <meta name="twitter:card" value="player"> <meta name="twitter:site" value="@youtube"> <meta name="twitter:player" value="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pViMzR_ylXg"> <meta property="twitter:player:width" content="853"> <meta property="twitter:player:height" content="480"> So my question is, where in this file is the url hidden which will allow me to download the wanted file?

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• libcurl - unable to download a file

  - by marmistrz

  I'm working on a program which will download lyrics from sites like AZLyrics. I'm using libcurl. It's my code lyricsDownloader.cpp #include "lyricsDownloader.h" #include <curl/curl.h> #include <cstring> #include <iostream> #define DEBUG 1 ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// size_t lyricsDownloader::write_data_to_var(char *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata) // this function is a static member function { ostringstream * stream = (ostringstream*) userdata; size_t count = size * nmemb; stream->write(ptr, count); return count; } string AZLyricsDownloader::toProviderCode() const { /*this creates an url*/ } CURLcode AZLyricsDownloader::download() { CURL * handle; CURLcode err; ostringstream buff; handle = curl_easy_init(); if (! handle) return static_cast<CURLcode>(-1); // set verbose if debug on curl_easy_setopt( handle, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, DEBUG ); curl_easy_setopt( handle, CURLOPT_URL, toProviderCode().c_str() ); // set the download url to the generated one curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &buff); curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, &AZLyricsDownloader::write_data_to_var); err = curl_easy_perform(handle); // The segfault should be somewhere here - after calling the function but before it ends cerr << "cleanup\n"; curl_easy_cleanup(handle); // copy the contents to text variable lyrics = buff.str(); return err; } main.cpp #include <QString> #include <QTextEdit> #include <iostream> #include "lyricsDownloader.h" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { AZLyricsDownloader dl(argv[1], argv[2]); dl.perform(); QTextEdit qtexted(QString::fromStdString(dl.lyrics)); cout << qPrintable(qtexted.toPlainText()); return 0; } When running ./maelyrica Anthrax Madhouse I'm getting this logged from curl * About to connect() to azlyrics.com port 80 (#0) * Trying 174.142.163.250... * connected * Connected to azlyrics.com (174.142.163.250) port 80 (#0) > GET /lyrics/anthrax/madhouse.html HTTP/1.1 Host: azlyrics.com Accept: */* < HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently < Server: nginx/1.0.12 < Date: Thu, 05 Jul 2012 16:59:21 GMT < Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 185 < Connection: keep-alive < Location: http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/anthrax/madhouse.html < Segmentation fault Strangely, the file is there. The same error is displayed when there's no such page (redirect to azlyrics.com mainpage) What am I doing wrong? Thanks in advance EDIT: I made the function for writing data static, but this changes nothing. Even wget seems to have problems $ wget http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/anthrax/madhouse.html --2012-07-06 10:36:05-- http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/anthrax/madhouse.html Resolving www.azlyrics.com... 174.142.163.250 Connecting to www.azlyrics.com|174.142.163.250|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... No data received. Retrying. Why does opening the page in a browser work and wget/curl not? EDIT2: After adding this: curl_easy_setopt(handle, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1); The log is: * About to connect() to azlyrics.com port 80 (#0) * Trying 174.142.163.250... * connected * Connected to azlyrics.com (174.142.163.250) port 80 (#0) > GET /lyrics/anthrax/madhouse.html HTTP/1.1 Host: azlyrics.com Accept: */* < HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently < Server: nginx/1.0.12 < Date: Fri, 06 Jul 2012 09:09:47 GMT < Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 185 < Connection: keep-alive < Location: http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/anthrax/madhouse.html < * Ignoring the response-body * Connection #0 to host azlyrics.com left intact * Issue another request to this URL: 'http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/anthrax/madhouse.html' * About to connect() to www.azlyrics.com port 80 (#1) * Trying 174.142.163.250... * connected * Connected to www.azlyrics.com (174.142.163.250) port 80 (#1) > GET /lyrics/anthrax/madhouse.html HTTP/1.1 Host: www.azlyrics.com Accept: */* < HTTP/1.1 200 OK < Server: nginx/1.0.12 < Date: Fri, 06 Jul 2012 09:09:47 GMT < Content-Type: text/html < Transfer-Encoding: chunked < Connection: keep-alive < Segmentation fault

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• Qt : crash due to delete (trying to handle exceptions...)

  - by Seub

  I am writing a program with Qt, and I would like it to show a dialog box with a Exit | Restart choice whenever an error is thrown somewhere in the code. What I did causes a crash and I really can't figure out why it happens, I was hoping you could help me understanding what's going on. Here's my main.cpp: #include "my_application.hpp" int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { std::cout << std::endl; My_Application app(argc, argv); return app.exec(); } And here's my_application:hpp: #ifndef MY_APPLICATION_HPP #define MY_APPLICATION_HPP #include <QApplication> class Window; class My_Application : public QApplication { public: My_Application(int& argc, char ** argv); virtual ~My_Application(); virtual bool notify(QObject * receiver, QEvent * event); private: Window *window_; void exit(); void restart(); }; #endif // MY_APPLICATION_HPP Finally, here's my_application.cpp: #include "my_application.hpp" #include "window.hpp" #include <QMessageBox> My_Application::My_Application(int& argc, char ** argv) : QApplication(argc, argv) { window_ = new Window; window_->setAttribute(Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose, false); window_->show(); } My_Application::~My_Application() { delete window_; } bool My_Application::notify(QObject * receiver, QEvent * event) { try { return QApplication::notify(receiver, event); } catch(QString error_message) { window_->setEnabled(false); QMessageBox message_box; message_box.setWindowTitle("Error"); message_box.setIcon(QMessageBox::Critical); message_box.setText("The program caught an unexpected error:"); message_box.setInformativeText("What do you want to do? <br>"); QPushButton *restart_button = message_box.addButton(tr("Restart"), QMessageBox::RejectRole); QPushButton *exit_button = message_box.addButton(tr("Exit"), QMessageBox::RejectRole); message_box.setDefaultButton(restart_button); message_box.exec(); if ((QPushButton *) message_box.clickedButton() == exit_button) { exit(); } else if ((QPushButton *) message_box.clickedButton() == restart_button) { restart(); } } return false; } void My_Application::exit() { window_->close(); //delete window_; return; } void My_Application::restart() { window_->close(); //delete window_; window_ = new Window; window_->show(); return; } Note that the line window_->setAttribute(Qt::WA_DeleteOnClose, false); means that window_ (my main window) won't be deleted when it is closed. The code I've written above works, but as far as I understand, there's a memory leak: I should uncomment the line //delete window_; in My_Application::exit() and My_Application::restart(). But when I do that, the program crashes when I click restart (or exit but who cares). (I'm not sure this is useful, in fact it might be misleading, but here's what my debugger tells me: a segmentation fault occurs in QWidgetPrivate::PaintOnScreen() const which is called by a function called by a function... called by My_Application::notify()) When I do some std::couts, I notice that the program runs through the entire restart() function and in fact through the entire notify() function before it crashes. I have no idea why it crashes. Thanks in advance for your insights! Update: I've noticed that My_Application::notify() is called very often. For example, it is called a bunch of times while the error dialog box is open, also during the execution of the restart function. The crash actually occurs in the subfunction QApplication::notify(receiver, event). This is not too surprising in light of the previous remark (the receiver has probably been deleted) But even if I forbid the function My_Application::notify() to do anything while restart() is executed, it still crashes (after having called My_Application::notify() a bunch of times, like 15 times, isn't that weird)? How should I proceed? Maybe I should say (to make the question slightly more relevant) that my class My_Application also has a "restore" function, which I've not copied here to try to keep things short. If I just had that restart feature I wouldn't bother too much, but I do want to have that restore feature. I should also say that if I keep the code with the "delete window_" commented, the problem is not only a memory leak, it still crashes sometimes apparently. There must surely be a way to fix this! But I'm clueless, I'd really appreciate some help! Thanks in advance.

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• Higher order function « filter » in C++

  - by Red Hyena

  Hi all. I wanted to write a higher order function filter with C++. The code I have come up with so far is as follows: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <functional> #include <algorithm> #include <vector> #include <list> #include <iterator> using namespace std; bool isOdd(int const i) { return i % 2 != 0; } template < template <class, class> class Container, class Predicate, class Allocator, class A > Container<A, Allocator> filter(Container<A, Allocator> const & container, Predicate const & pred) { Container<A, Allocator> filtered(container); container.erase(remove_if(filtered.begin(), filtered.end(), pred), filtered.end()); return filtered; } int main() { int const a[] = {23, 12, 78, 21, 97, 64}; vector<int const> const v(a, a + 6); vector<int const> const filtered = filter(v, isOdd); copy(filtered.begin(), filtered.end(), ostream_iterator<int const>(cout, " ")); } However on compiling this code, I get the following error messages that I am unable to understand and hence get rid of: /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h: In instantiation of ‘__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<const int>’: /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/allocator.h:84: instantiated from ‘std::allocator<const int>’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:75: instantiated from ‘std::_Vector_base<const int, std::allocator<const int> >’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:176: instantiated from ‘std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> >’ Filter.cpp:29: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h:82: error: ‘const _Tp* __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::address(const _Tp&) const [with _Tp = const int]’ cannot be overloaded /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h:79: error: with ‘_Tp* __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::address(_Tp&) const [with _Tp = const int]’ Filter.cpp: In function ‘Container<A, Allocator> filter(const Container<A, Allocator>&, const Predicate&) [with Container = std::vector, Predicate = bool ()(int), Allocator = std::allocator<const int>, A = const int]’: Filter.cpp:30: instantiated from here Filter.cpp:23: error: passing ‘const std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> >’ as ‘this’ argument of ‘__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> > std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::erase(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >) [with _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ discards qualifiers /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algo.h: In function ‘_FIter std::remove_if(_FIter, _FIter, _Predicate) [with _FIter = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >, _Predicate = bool (*)(int)]’: Filter.cpp:23: instantiated from ‘Container<A, Allocator> filter(const Container<A, Allocator>&, const Predicate&) [with Container = std::vector, Predicate = bool ()(int), Allocator = std::allocator<const int>, A = const int]’ Filter.cpp:30: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algo.h:821: error: assignment of read-only location ‘__result.__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<_Iterator, _Container>::operator* [with _Iterator = const int*, _Container = std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> >]()’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h: In member function ‘void __gnu_cxx::new_allocator<_Tp>::deallocate(_Tp*, size_t) [with _Tp = const int]’: /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:150: instantiated from ‘void std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_M_deallocate(_Tp*, size_t) [with _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:136: instantiated from ‘std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::~_Vector_base() [with _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_vector.h:286: instantiated from ‘std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::vector(_InputIterator, _InputIterator, const _Alloc&) [with _InputIterator = const int*, _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ Filter.cpp:29: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h:98: error: invalid conversion from ‘const void*’ to ‘void*’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/ext/new_allocator.h:98: error: initializing argument 1 of ‘void operator delete(void*)’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algobase.h: In function ‘_OI std::__copy_move_a(_II, _II, _OI) [with bool _IsMove = false, _II = const int*, _OI = const int*]’: /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algobase.h:435: instantiated from ‘_OI std::__copy_move_a2(_II, _II, _OI) [with bool _IsMove = false, _II = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >, _OI = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algobase.h:466: instantiated from ‘_OI std::copy(_II, _II, _OI) [with _II = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >, _OI = __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const int*, std::vector<const int, std::allocator<const int> > >]’ /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/vector.tcc:136: instantiated from ‘__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> > std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc>::erase(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<typename std::_Vector_base<_Tp, _Alloc>::_Tp_alloc_type::pointer, std::vector<_Tp, _Alloc> >) [with _Tp = const int, _Alloc = std::allocator<const int>]’ Filter.cpp:23: instantiated from ‘Container<A, Allocator> filter(const Container<A, Allocator>&, const Predicate&) [with Container = std::vector, Predicate = bool ()(int), Allocator = std::allocator<const int>, A = const int]’ Filter.cpp:30: instantiated from here /usr/include/c++/4.3/bits/stl_algobase.h:396: error: no matching function for call to ‘std::__copy_move<false, true, std::random_access_iterator_tag>::__copy_m(const int*&, const int*&, const int*&)’ Please tell me what I am doing wrong here and what is the correct way to achieve the kind of higher order polymorphism I want. Thanks.

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• Incorrect output on changing sequence of declarations

  - by max

  Writing C++ code to implement Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping. This order of declaration of these 2 statements gives correct output, reverse does not. int numberOfVertices = 5; Point pointList[] = { {50,50}, {200,300}, {310,110}, {130,90}, {70,40} }; I am passing the polygon vertex set to clippers in order - LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, BOTTOM. The exact error which comes when the declarations are reversed is that the bottom clipper, produces an empty set of vertices so no polygon is displayed after clipping. Correct: Incorrent: Confirmed by outputting the number of vertices produced after each pass: Correct: Incorrect: What is the reason for this error? Code: #include <iostream> #include <GL/glut.h> #define MAXVERTICES 10 #define LEFT 0 #define RIGHT 1 #define TOP 2 #define BOTTOM 3 using namespace std; /* Clipping window */ struct Window { double xmin; double xmax; double ymin; double ymax; }; struct Point { double x; double y; }; /* If I interchange these two lines, the code doesn't work. */ /**************/ int numberOfVertices = 5; Point pointList[] = { {50,50}, {200,300}, {310,110}, {130,90}, {70,40} }; /**************/ const Window w = { 100, 400, 60, 200 }; /* Checks whether a point is inside or outside a window side */ int isInside(Point p, int side) { switch(side) { case LEFT: return p.x >= w.xmin; case RIGHT: return p.x <= w.xmax; case TOP: return p.y <= w.ymax; case BOTTOM: return p.y >= w.ymin; } } /* Calculates intersection of a segment and a window side */ Point intersection(Point p1, Point p2, int side) { Point temp; double slope, intercept; bool infinite; /* Find slope and intercept of segment, taking care of inf slope */ if(p2.x - p1.x != 0) { slope = (p2.y - p1.y) / (p2.x - p1.x); infinite = false; } else { infinite = true; } intercept = p1.y - p1.x * slope; /* Calculate intersections */ switch(side) { case LEFT: temp.x = w.xmin; temp.y = temp.x * slope + intercept; break; case RIGHT: temp.x = w.xmax; temp.y = temp.x * slope + intercept; break; case TOP: temp.y = w.ymax; temp.x = infinite ? p1.x : (temp.y - intercept) / slope; break; case BOTTOM: temp.y = w.ymin; temp.x = infinite ? p1.x : (temp.y - intercept) / slope; break; } return temp; } /* Clips polygon against a side, updating the point list (called once for each side) */ void clipAgainstSide(int sideToClip) { int i, j=0; Point s,p; Point outputList[MAXVERTICES]; /* Main algorithm */ s = pointList[numberOfVertices-1]; for(i=0 ; i<numberOfVertices ; i++) { p = pointList[i]; if(isInside(p, sideToClip)) { /* p inside */ if(!isInside(s, sideToClip)) { /* p inside, s outside */ outputList[j] = intersection(p, s, sideToClip); j++; } outputList[j] = p; j++; } else if(isInside(s, sideToClip)) { /* s inside, p outside */ outputList[j] = intersection(s, p, sideToClip); j++; } s = p; } /* Updating number of points and point list */ numberOfVertices = j; /* ERROR: In last call with BOTTOM argument, numberOfVertices becomes 0 */ /* all earlier 3 calls have correct output */ cout<<numberOfVertices<<endl; for(i=0 ; i<numberOfVertices ; i++) { pointList[i] = outputList[i]; } } void SutherlandHodgemanPolygonClip() { clipAgainstSide(LEFT); clipAgainstSide(RIGHT); clipAgainstSide(TOP); clipAgainstSide(BOTTOM); } void init() { glClearColor(1,1,1,0); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); gluOrtho2D(0,1000,0,500); } void display() { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); /* Displaying ORIGINAL box and polygon */ glColor3f(0,0,1); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); glVertex2i(w.xmin, w.ymin); glVertex2i(w.xmin, w.ymax); glVertex2i(w.xmax, w.ymax); glVertex2i(w.xmax, w.ymin); glEnd(); glColor3f(1,0,0); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(int i=0 ; i<numberOfVertices ; i++) { glVertex2i(pointList[i].x, pointList[i].y); } glEnd(); /* Clipping */ SutherlandHodgemanPolygonClip(); /* Displaying CLIPPED box and polygon, 500px right */ glColor3f(0,0,1); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); glVertex2i(w.xmin+500, w.ymin); glVertex2i(w.xmin+500, w.ymax); glVertex2i(w.xmax+500, w.ymax); glVertex2i(w.xmax+500, w.ymin); glEnd(); glColor3f(1,0,0); glBegin(GL_LINE_LOOP); for(int i=0 ; i<numberOfVertices ; i++) { glVertex2i(pointList[i].x+500, pointList[i].y); } glEnd(); glFlush(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB); glutInitWindowSize(1000,500); glutCreateWindow("Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping"); init(); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }

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• Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files

  - by user12620111

  Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files body, td { font-family: sans-serif; background-color: white; font-size: 12px; margin: 8px; } tt, code, pre { font-family: 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Droid Sans Mono', 'Lucida Console', Consolas, Monaco, monospace; } h1 { font-size:2.2em; } h2 { font-size:1.8em; } h3 { font-size:1.4em; } h4 { font-size:1.0em; } h5 { font-size:0.9em; } h6 { font-size:0.8em; } a:visited { color: rgb(50%, 0%, 50%); } pre { margin-top: 0; max-width: 95%; border: 1px solid #ccc; white-space: pre-wrap; } pre code { display: block; padding: 0.5em; } code.r, code.cpp { background-color: #F8F8F8; } table, td, th { border: none; } blockquote { color:#666666; margin:0; padding-left: 1em; border-left: 0.5em #EEE solid; } hr { height: 0px; border-bottom: none; border-top-width: thin; border-top-style: dotted; border-top-color: #999999; } @media print { * { background: transparent !important; color: black !important; filter:none !important; -ms-filter: none !important; } body { 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  Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files   Using R to Analyze G1GC Log Files Introduction Working in Oracle Platform Integration gives an engineer opportunities to work on a wide array of technologies. My team’s goal is to make Oracle applications run best on the Solaris/SPARC platform. When looking for bottlenecks in a modern applications, one needs to be aware of not only how the CPUs and operating system are executing, but also network, storage, and in some cases, the Java Virtual Machine. I was recently presented with about 1.5 GB of Java Garbage First Garbage Collector log file data. If you’re not familiar with the subject, you might want to review Garbage First Garbage Collector Tuning by Monica Beckwith. The customer had been running Java HotSpot 1.6.0_31 to host a web application server. I was told that the Solaris/SPARC server was running a Java process launched using a commmand line that included the following flags: -d64 -Xms9g -Xmx9g -XX:+UseG1GC -XX:MaxGCPauseMillis=200 -XX:InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent=80 -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:+PrintGC -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -XX:+DisableExplicitGC -XX:+UnlockExperimentalVMOptions -XX:ParallelGCThreads=8 Several sources on the internet indicate that if I were to print out the 1.5 GB of log files, it would require enough paper to fill the bed of a pick up truck. Of course, it would be fruitless to try to scan the log files by hand. Tools will be required to summarize the contents of the log files. Others have encountered large Java garbage collection log files. There are existing tools to analyze the log files: IBM’s GC toolkit The chewiebug GCViewer gchisto HPjmeter Instead of using one of the other tools listed, I decide to parse the log files with standard Unix tools, and analyze the data with R. Data Cleansing The log files arrived in two different formats. I guess that the difference is that one set of log files was generated using a more verbose option, maybe -XX:+PrintHeapAtGC, and the other set of log files was generated without that option. Format 1 In some of the log files, the log files with the less verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, looks like this: {Heap before GC invocations=12280 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7499918K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 1 young (4096K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. 2014-05-14T07:24:00.988-0700: 60586.353: [GC pause (young) 7324M->7320M(9216M), 0.1567265 secs] Heap after GC invocations=12281 (full 61): garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 7496533K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) region size 4096K, 0 young (0K), 0 survivors (0K) compacting perm gen total 262144K, used 144077K [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff50000000, 0xffffffff50000000) the space 262144K, 54% used [0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff48cb3758, 0xffffffff48cb3800, 0xffffffff50000000) No shared spaces configured. } A simple grep can be used to extract a summary: $ grep "\[ GC pause (young" g1gc.log 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700: 3.109: [GC pause (young) 20M->5029K(9216M), 0.0146328 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700: 3.459: [GC pause (young) 9125K->6077K(9216M), 0.0086723 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700: 5.599: [GC pause (young) 25M->8470K(9216M), 0.0203820 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700: 10.704: [GC pause (young) 44M->15M(9216M), 0.0288848 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700: 16.958: [GC pause (young) 51M->20M(9216M), 0.0491244 secs] 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700: 24.066: [GC pause (young) 92M->26M(9216M), 0.0525368 secs] 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700: 62.383: [GC pause (young) 602M->68M(9216M), 0.1721173 secs] But that format wasn't easily read into R, so I needed to be a bit more tricky. I used the following Unix command to create a summary file that was easy for R to read. $ echo "SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime" $ grep "\[GC pause (young" g1gc.log | grep -v mark | sed -e 's/[A-SU-z\(\),]/ /g' -e 's/->/ /' -e 's/: / /g' | more SecondsSinceLaunch BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize RealTime 2014-05-13T13:24:35.091-0700 3.109 20 5029 9216 0.0146328 2014-05-13T13:24:35.440-0700 3.459 9125 6077 9216 0.0086723 2014-05-13T13:24:37.581-0700 5.599 25 8470 9216 0.0203820 2014-05-13T13:24:42.686-0700 10.704 44 15 9216 0.0288848 2014-05-13T13:24:48.941-0700 16.958 51 20 9216 0.0491244 2014-05-13T13:24:56.049-0700 24.066 92 26 9216 0.0525368 2014-05-13T13:25:34.368-0700 62.383 602 68 9216 0.1721173 Format 2 In some of the log files, the log files with the more verbose format, a single trace, i.e. the report of a singe garbage collection event, was more complicated than Format 1. Here is a text file with an example of a single G1GC trace in the second format. As you can see, it is quite complicated. It is nice that there is so much information available, but the level of detail can be overwhelming. I wrote this awk script (download) to summarize each trace on a single line. #!/usr/bin/env awk -f BEGIN { printf("SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize\n") } ###################### # Save count data from lines that are at the start of each G1GC trace. # Each trace starts out like this: # {Heap before GC invocations=14 (full 0): # garbage-first heap total 9437184K, used 325496K [0xfffffffd00000000, 0xffffffff40000000, 0xffffffff40000000) ###################### /{Heap.*full/{ gsub ( "\\)" , "" ); nf=split($0,a,"="); split(a[2],b," "); getline; if ( match($0, "first") ) { G1GC=1; IncrementalCount=b[1]; FullCount=substr( b[3], 1, length(b[3])-1 ); } else { G1GC=0; } } ###################### # Pull out time stamps that are in lines with this format: # 2014-05-12T14:02:06.025-0700: 94.312: [GC pause (young), 0.08870154 secs] ###################### /GC pause/ { DateTime=$1; SecondsSinceLaunch=substr($2, 1, length($2)-1); } ###################### # Heap sizes are in lines that look like this: # [ 4842M->4838M(9216M)] ###################### /\[ .*]$/ { gsub ( "\\[" , "" ); gsub ( "\ \]" , "" ); gsub ( "->" , " " ); gsub ( "\\( " , " " ); gsub ( "\ \)" , " " ); split($0,a," "); if ( split(a[1],b,"M") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[1],b,"K") > 1 ) {BeforeSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[2],b,"M") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[2],b,"K") > 1 ) {AfterSize=b[1];} if ( split(a[3],b,"M") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1]*1024;} if ( split(a[3],b,"K") > 1 ) {TotalSize=b[1];} } ###################### # Emit an output line when you find input that looks like this: # [Times: user=1.41 sys=0.08, real=0.24 secs] ###################### /\[Times/ { if (G1GC==1) { gsub ( "," , "" ); split($2,a,"="); UserTime=a[2]; split($3,a,"="); SysTime=a[2]; split($4,a,"="); RealTime=a[2]; print DateTime,SecondsSinceLaunch,IncrementalCount,FullCount,UserTime,SysTime,RealTime,BeforeSize,AfterSize,TotalSize; G1GC=0; } } The resulting summary is about 25X smaller that the original file, but still difficult for a human to digest. SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ... 2014-05-12T18:36:34.669-0700: 3985.744 561 0 0.57 0.06 0.16 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:34.839-0700: 3985.914 562 0 0.51 0.06 0.19 1724416 1720320 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.069-0700: 3986.144 563 0 0.60 0.04 0.27 1724416 1721344 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.354-0700: 3986.429 564 0 0.33 0.04 0.09 1725440 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.545-0700: 3986.620 565 0 0.58 0.04 0.17 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.726-0700: 3986.801 566 0 0.43 0.05 0.12 1726464 1722368 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.856-0700: 3986.930 567 0 0.30 0.04 0.07 1726464 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:35.947-0700: 3987.023 568 0 0.61 0.04 0.26 1727488 1723392 9437184 2014-05-12T18:36:36.228-0700: 3987.302 569 0 0.46 0.04 0.16 1731584 1724416 9437184 Reading the Data into R Once the GC log data had been cleansed, either by processing the first format with the shell script, or by processing the second format with the awk script, it was easy to read the data into R. g1gc.df = read.csv("summary.txt", row.names = NULL, stringsAsFactors=FALSE,sep="") str(g1gc.df) ## 'data.frame': 8307 obs. of 10 variables: ## $ row.names : chr "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ... ## $ SecondsSinceLaunch: num 1.16 1.47 1.97 3.83 6.1 ... ## $ IncrementalCount : int 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... ## $ FullCount : int 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ... ## $ UserTime : num 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.21 0.08 0.26 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.56 ... ## $ SysTime : num 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.09 ... ## $ RealTime : num 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.06 ... ## $ BeforeSize : int 8192 5496 5768 22528 24576 43008 34816 53248 55296 93184 ... ## $ AfterSize : int 1400 1672 2557 4907 7072 14336 16384 18432 19456 21504 ... ## $ TotalSize : int 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 9437184 ... head(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 1 2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700: 1.161 0 ## 2 2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700: 1.472 1 ## 3 2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700: 1.969 2 ## 4 2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700: 3.830 3 ## 5 2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700: 6.103 4 ## 6 2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700: 9.720 5 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 1 0 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 9437184 ## 2 0 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 9437184 ## 3 0 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 9437184 ## 4 0 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 9437184 ## 5 0 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 9437184 ## 6 0 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 9437184 Basic Statistics Once the data has been read into R, simple statistics are very easy to generate. All of the numbers from high school statistics are available via simple commands. For example, generate a summary of every column: summary(g1gc.df) ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## Length:8307 Min. : 1 Min. : 0 Min. : 0.0 ## Class :character 1st Qu.: 9977 1st Qu.:2048 1st Qu.: 0.0 ## Mode :character Median :12855 Median :4136 Median : 12.0 ## Mean :12527 Mean :4156 Mean : 31.6 ## 3rd Qu.:15758 3rd Qu.:6262 3rd Qu.: 61.0 ## Max. :55484 Max. :8391 Max. :113.0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize ## Min. :0.040 Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 5476 ## 1st Qu.:0.470 1st Qu.:0.0300 1st Qu.: 0.1 1st Qu.:5137920 ## Median :0.620 Median :0.0300 Median : 0.1 Median :6574080 ## Mean :0.751 Mean :0.0355 Mean : 0.3 Mean :5841855 ## 3rd Qu.:0.920 3rd Qu.:0.0400 3rd Qu.: 0.2 3rd Qu.:7084032 ## Max. :3.370 Max. :1.5600 Max. :488.1 Max. :8696832 ## AfterSize TotalSize ## Min. : 1380 Min. :9437184 ## 1st Qu.:5002752 1st Qu.:9437184 ## Median :6559744 Median :9437184 ## Mean :5785454 Mean :9437184 ## 3rd Qu.:7054336 3rd Qu.:9437184 ## Max. :8482816 Max. :9437184 Q: What is the total amount of User CPU time spent in garbage collection? sum(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 6236 As you can see, less than two hours of CPU time was spent in garbage collection. Is that too much? To find the percentage of time spent in garbage collection, divide the number above by total_elapsed_time*CPU_count. In this case, there are a lot of CPU’s and it turns out the the overall amount of CPU time spent in garbage collection isn’t a problem when viewed in isolation. When calculating rates, i.e. events per unit time, you need to ask yourself if the rate is homogenous across the time period in the log file. Does the log file include spikes of high activity that should be separately analyzed? Averaging in data from nights and weekends with data from business hours may alias problems. If you have a reason to suspect that the garbage collection rates include peaks and valleys that need independent analysis, see the “Time Series” section, below. Q: How much garbage is collected on each pass? The amount of heap space that is recovered per GC pass is surprisingly low: At least one collection didn’t recover any data. (“Min.=0”) 25% of the passes recovered 3MB or less. (“1st Qu.=3072”) Half of the GC passes recovered 4MB or less. (“Median=4096”) The average amount recovered was 56MB. (“Mean=56390”) 75% of the passes recovered 36MB or less. (“3rd Qu.=36860”) At least one pass recovered 2GB. (“Max.=2121000”) g1gc.df$Delta = g1gc.df$BeforeSize - g1gc.df$AfterSize summary(g1gc.df$Delta) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0 3070 4100 56400 36900 2120000 Q: What is the maximum User CPU time for a single collection? The worst garbage collection (“Max.”) is many standard deviations away from the mean. The data appears to be right skewed. summary(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## Min. 1st Qu. Median Mean 3rd Qu. Max. ## 0.040 0.470 0.620 0.751 0.920 3.370 sd(g1gc.df$UserTime) ## [1] 0.3966 Basic Graphics Once the data is in R, it is trivial to plot the data with formats including dot plots, line charts, bar charts (simple, stacked, grouped), pie charts, boxplots, scatter plots histograms, and kernel density plots. Histogram of User CPU Time per Collection I don't think that this graph requires any explanation. hist(g1gc.df$UserTime, main="User CPU Time per Collection", xlab="Seconds", ylab="Frequency") Box plot to identify outliers When the initial data is viewed with a box plot, you can see the one crazy outlier in the real time per GC. Save this data point for future analysis and drop the outlier so that it’s not throwing off our statistics. Now the box plot shows many outliers, which will be examined later, using times series analysis. Notice that the scale of the x-axis changes drastically once the crazy outlier is removed. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(dominated by a crazy outlier)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") crazy.outlier.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime > 400,] g1gc.df=g1gc.df[g1gc.df$RealTime < 400,] boxplot(g1gc.df$UserTime,g1gc.df$SysTime,g1gc.df$RealTime, main="Box Plot of Time per GC\n(crazy outlier excluded)", names=c("usr","sys","elapsed"), xlab="Seconds per GC", ylab="Time (Seconds)", horizontal = TRUE, outcol="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Here is the crazy outlier for future analysis: crazy.outlier.df ## row.names SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount ## 8233 2014-05-12T23:15:43.903-0700: 20741 8316 ## FullCount UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize TotalSize ## 8233 112 0.55 0.42 488.1 8381440 8235008 9437184 ## Delta ## 8233 146432 R Time Series Data To analyze the garbage collection as a time series, I’ll use Z’s Ordered Observations (zoo). “zoo is the creator for an S3 class of indexed totally ordered observations which includes irregular time series.” require(zoo) ## Loading required package: zoo ## ## Attaching package: 'zoo' ## ## The following objects are masked from 'package:base': ## ## as.Date, as.Date.numeric head(g1gc.df[,1]) ## [1] "2014-05-12T14:00:32.868-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:33.179-0700:" ## [3] "2014-05-12T14:00:33.677-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:35.538-0700:" ## [5] "2014-05-12T14:00:37.811-0700:" "2014-05-12T14:00:41.428-0700:" options("digits.secs"=3) times=as.POSIXct( g1gc.df[,1], format="%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%OS%z:") g1gc.z = zoo(g1gc.df[,-c(1)], order.by=times) head(g1gc.z) ## SecondsSinceLaunch IncrementalCount FullCount ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 1.161 0 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 1.472 1 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 1.969 2 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 3.830 3 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 6.103 4 0 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9.720 5 0 ## UserTime SysTime RealTime BeforeSize AfterSize ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 0.11 0.04 0.02 8192 1400 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 0.05 0.01 0.02 5496 1672 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 0.04 0.01 0.01 5768 2557 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 0.21 0.05 0.04 22528 4907 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 0.08 0.01 0.02 24576 7072 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 0.26 0.06 0.04 43008 14336 ## TotalSize Delta ## 2014-05-12 17:00:32.868 9437184 6792 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.178 9437184 3824 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:33.677 9437184 3211 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:35.538 9437184 17621 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:37.811 9437184 17504 ## 2014-05-12 17:00:41.427 9437184 28672 Example of Two Benchmark Runs in One Log File The data in the following graph is from a different log file, not the one of primary interest to this article. I’m including this image because it is an example of idle periods followed by busy periods. It would be uninteresting to average the rate of garbage collection over the entire log file period. More interesting would be the rate of garbage collect in the two busy periods. Are they the same or different? Your production data may be similar, for example, bursts when employees return from lunch and idle times on weekend evenings, etc. Once the data is in an R Time Series, you can analyze isolated time windows. Clipping the Time Series data Flashing back to our test case… Viewing the data as a time series is interesting. You can see that the work intensive time period is between 9:00 PM and 3:00 AM. Lets clip the data to the interesting period:     par(mfrow=c(2,1)) plot(g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Complete Log File", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") clipped.g1gc.z=window(g1gc.z, start=as.POSIXct("2014-05-12 21:00:00"), end=as.POSIXct("2014-05-13 03:00:00")) plot(clipped.g1gc.z$UserTime, type="h", main="User Time per GC\nTime: Limited to Benchmark Execution", xlab="Time of Day", ylab="CPU Seconds per GC", col="#1b9e77") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count Here is the cumulative incremental and full GC count. When the line is very steep, it indicates that the GCs are repeating very quickly. Notice that the scale on the Y axis is different for full vs. incremental. plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c(2:3)], main="Cumulative Incremental and Full GC count", xlab="Time of Day", col="#1b9e77") GC Analysis of Benchmark Execution using Time Series data In the following series of 3 graphs: The “After Size” show the amount of heap space in use after each garbage collection. Many Java objects are still referenced, i.e. alive, during each garbage collection. This may indicate that the application has a memory leak, or may indicate that the application has a very large memory footprint. Typically, an application's memory footprint plateau's in the early stage of execution. One would expect this graph to have a flat top. The steep decline in the heap space may indicate that the application crashed after 2:00. The second graph shows that the outliers in real execution time, discussed above, occur near 2:00. when the Java heap seems to be quite full. The third graph shows that Full GCs are infrequent during the first few hours of execution. The rate of Full GC's, (the slope of the cummulative Full GC line), changes near midnight.   plot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","RealTime","FullCount")], xlab="Time of Day", col=c("#1b9e77","red","#1b9e77")) GC Analysis of heap recovered Each GC trace includes the amount of heap space in use before and after the individual GC event. During garbage coolection, unreferenced objects are identified, the space holding the unreferenced objects is freed, and thus, the difference in before and after usage indicates how much space has been freed. The following box plot and bar chart both demonstrate the same point - the amount of heap space freed per garbage colloection is surprisingly low. par(mfrow=c(2,1)) boxplot(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", horizontal = TRUE, col="red") hist(as.vector(clipped.g1gc.z$Delta), main="Amount of Heap Recovered per GC Pass", xlab="Size in KB", breaks=100, col="red") box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") This graph is the most interesting. The dark blue area shows how much heap is occupied by referenced Java objects. This represents memory that holds live data. The red fringe at the top shows how much data was recovered after each garbage collection. barplot(clipped.g1gc.z[,c("AfterSize","Delta")], col=c("#7570b3","#e7298a"), xlab="Time of Day", border=NA) legend("topleft", c("Live Objects","Heap Recovered on GC"), fill=c("#7570b3","#e7298a")) box(which = "outer", lty = "solid") When I discuss the data in the log files with the customer, I will ask for an explaination for the large amount of referenced data resident in the Java heap. There are two are posibilities: There is a memory leak and the amount of space required to hold referenced objects will continue to grow, limited only by the maximum heap size. After the maximum heap size is reached, the JVM will throw an “Out of Memory” exception every time that the application tries to allocate a new object. If this is the case, the aplication needs to be debugged to identify why old objects are referenced when they are no longer needed. The application has a legitimate requirement to keep a large amount of data in memory. The customer may want to further increase the maximum heap size. Another possible solution would be to partition the application across multiple cluster nodes, where each node has responsibility for managing a unique subset of the data. Conclusion In conclusion, R is a very powerful tool for the analysis of Java garbage collection log files. The primary difficulty is data cleansing so that information can be read into an R data frame. Once the data has been read into R, a rich set of tools may be used for thorough evaluation.

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• Adding Functions to an Implementation of Vector

  - by Meursault

  I have this implementation of vector that I've been working on for a few days using examples from a textbook: #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cassert> #include <algorithm> #include <cstring> // Vector.h using namespace std; template <class T> class Vector { public: typedef T * iterator; Vector(); Vector(unsigned int size); Vector(unsigned int size, const T & initial); Vector(const Vector<T> & v); // copy constructor ~Vector(); unsigned int capacity() const; // return capacity of vector (in elements) unsigned int size() const; // return the number of elements in the vector bool empty() const; iterator begin(); // return an iterator pointing to the first element iterator end(); // return an iterator pointing to one past the last element T & front(); // return a reference to the first element T & back(); // return a reference to the last element void push_back(const T & value); // add a new element void pop_back(); // remove the last element void reserve(unsigned int capacity); // adjust capacity void resize(unsigned int size); // adjust size void erase(unsigned int size); // deletes an element from the vector T & operator[](unsigned int index); // return reference to numbered element Vector<T> & operator=(const Vector<T> &); private: unsigned int my_size; unsigned int my_capacity; T * buffer; }; template<class T>// Vector<T>::Vector() { my_capacity = 0; my_size = 0; buffer = 0; } template<class T> Vector<T>::Vector(const Vector<T> & v) { my_size = v.my_size; my_capacity = v.my_capacity; buffer = new T[my_size]; for (int i = 0; i < my_size; i++) buffer[i] = v.buffer[i]; } template<class T>// Vector<T>::Vector(unsigned int size) { my_capacity = size; my_size = size; buffer = new T[size]; } template<class T>// Vector<T>::Vector(unsigned int size, const T & initial) { my_size = size; //added = size my_capacity = size; buffer = new T [size]; for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) buffer[i] = initial; } template<class T>// Vector<T> & Vector<T>::operator = (const Vector<T> & v) { delete[ ] buffer; my_size = v.my_size; my_capacity = v.my_capacity; buffer = new T [my_size]; for (int i = 0; i < my_size; i++) buffer[i] = v.buffer[i]; return *this; } template<class T>// typename Vector<T>::iterator Vector<T>::begin() { return buffer; } template<class T>// typename Vector<T>::iterator Vector<T>::end() { return buffer + size(); } template<class T>// T& Vector<T>::Vector<T>::front() { return buffer[0]; } template<class T>// T& Vector<T>::Vector<T>::back() { return buffer[size - 1]; } template<class T> void Vector<T>::push_back(const T & v) { if (my_size >= my_capacity) reserve(my_capacity +5); buffer [my_size++] = v; } template<class T>// void Vector<T>::pop_back() { my_size--; } template<class T>// void Vector<T>::reserve(unsigned int capacity) { if(buffer == 0) { my_size = 0; my_capacity = 0; } if (capacity <= my_capacity) return; T * new_buffer = new T [capacity]; assert(new_buffer); copy (buffer, buffer + my_size, new_buffer); my_capacity = capacity; delete[] buffer; buffer = new_buffer; } template<class T>// unsigned int Vector<T>::size()const { return my_size; } template<class T>// void Vector<T>::resize(unsigned int size) { reserve(size); my_size = size; } template<class T>// T& Vector<T>::operator[](unsigned int index) { return buffer[index]; } template<class T>// unsigned int Vector<T>::capacity()const { return my_capacity; } template<class T>// Vector<T>::~Vector() { delete[]buffer; } template<class T> void Vector<T>::erase(unsigned int size) { } int main() { Vector<int> v; v.reserve(2); assert(v.capacity() == 2); Vector<string> v1(2); assert(v1.capacity() == 2); assert(v1.size() == 2); assert(v1[0] == ""); assert(v1[1] == ""); v1[0] = "hi"; assert(v1[0] == "hi"); Vector<int> v2(2, 7); assert(v2[1] == 7); Vector<int> v10(v2); assert(v10[1] == 7); Vector<string> v3(2, "hello"); assert(v3.size() == 2); assert(v3.capacity() == 2); assert(v3[0] == "hello"); assert(v3[1] == "hello"); v3.resize(1); assert(v3.size() == 1); assert(v3[0] == "hello"); Vector<string> v4 = v3; assert(v4.size() == 1); assert(v4[0] == v3[0]); v3[0] = "test"; assert(v4[0] != v3[0]); assert(v4[0] == "hello"); v3.pop_back(); assert(v3.size() == 0); Vector<int> v5(7, 9); Vector<int>::iterator it = v5.begin(); while (it != v5.end()) { assert(*it == 9); ++it; } Vector<int> v6; v6.push_back(100); assert(v6.size() == 1); assert(v6[0] == 100); v6.push_back(101); assert(v6.size() == 2); assert(v6[0] == 100); v6.push_back(101); cout << "SUCCESS\n"; } So far it works pretty well, but I want to add a couple of functions to it that I can't find examples for, a SWAP function that would look at two elements of the vector and switch their values and and an ERASE function that would delete a specific value or range of values in the vector. How should I begin implementing the two extra functions?

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• getting SIGSEGV in std::_List_const_iterator<Exiv2::Exifdatum>::operator++ whilst using jni

  - by HJED

  Hi I'm using jni to access the exiv2 API in my Java project and I'm getting a SIGSEGV error in std::_List_const_iterator::operator++. I'm uncertain how to fix this error. I've tried using high -Xmx values as well as running on both jdk1.6.0 (server and cacao JVMs) and 1.7.0 (server JVM). gdb traceback: #0 0x00007fffa36f2363 in std::_List_const_iterator<Exiv2::Exifdatum>::operator++ (this=0x7ffff7fd3500) at /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_list.h:223 #1 0x00007fffa36f2310 in std::__distance<std::_List_const_iterator<Exiv2::Exifdatum> > (__first=..., __last=...) at /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_iterator_base_funcs.h:79 #2 0x00007fffa36f224d in std::distance<std::_List_const_iterator<Exiv2::Exifdatum> > (__first=..., __last=...) at /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_iterator_base_funcs.h:114 #3 0x00007fffa36f1f27 in std::list<Exiv2::Exifdatum, std::allocator<Exiv2::Exifdatum> >::size (this=0x7fffa4030910) at /usr/include/c++/4.4/bits/stl_list.h:805 #4 0x00007fffa36f1d50 in Exiv2::ExifData::count (this=0x7fffa4030910) at /usr/local/include/exiv2/exif.hpp:518 #5 0x00007fffa36f1d30 in Exiv2::ExifData::empty (this=0x7fffa4030910) at /usr/local/include/exiv2/exif.hpp:516 #6 0x00007fffa36f1763 in getVars (path=0x7fffa401d2f0 "/home/hjed/PC100001.JPG", env=0x6131c8, obj=0x7ffff7fd37a8) at src/main.cpp:146 #7 0x00007fffa36f19d8 in Java_photo_exiv2_Exiv2MetaDataStore_impl_1loadFromExiv (env=0x6131c8, obj=0x7ffff7fd37a8, path=0x7ffff7fd37a0, obj2=0x7ffff7fd3798) at src/main.cpp:160 #8 0x00007ffff21d9cc8 in ?? () #9 0x00000000fffffffe in ?? () #10 0x00007ffff7fd3740 in ?? () #11 0x0000000000613000 in ?? () #12 0x00007ffff7fd3738 in ?? () #13 0x00007fffaa1076e0 in ?? () #14 0x00007ffff7fd37a8 in ?? () #15 0x00007fffaa108d10 in ?? () #16 0x0000000000000000 in ?? () Java error: # A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment: # # SIGSEGV (0xb) at pc=0x00007fac11223363, pid=11905, tid=140378349111040 # # JRE version: 6.0_20-b20 # Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (19.0-b09 mixed mode linux-amd64 ) # Derivative: IcedTea6 1.9.2 # Distribution: Ubuntu 10.10, package 6b20-1.9.2-0ubuntu2 # Problematic frame: # C [libExiff2-binding.so+0x4363] _ZNSt20_List_const_iteratorIN5Exiv29ExifdatumEEppEv+0xf # # If you would like to submit a bug report, please include # instructions how to reproduce the bug and visit: # https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/openjdk-6/ # The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code. # See problematic frame for where to report the bug. # --------------- T H R E A D --------------- Current thread (0x0000000000dbf000): JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_native, id=11909, stack(0x00007fac61920000,0x00007fac61a21000)] siginfo:si_signo=SIGSEGV: si_errno=0, si_code=128 (), si_addr=0x0000000000000000 Registers: ... Register to memory mapping: RAX=0x6c8948f0245c8948 0x6c8948f0245c8948 is pointing to unknown location RBX=0x00007fac0c042c00 0x00007fac0c042c00 is pointing to unknown location RCX=0x0000000000000000 0x0000000000000000 is pointing to unknown location RDX=0x6c8948f0245c8948 0x6c8948f0245c8948 is pointing to unknown location RSP=0x00007fac61a1f4e0 0x00007fac61a1f4e0 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000000dbf000 "main" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000dbf000 nid=0x2e85 runnable [0x00007fac61a1f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE RBP=0x00007fac61a1f4e0 0x00007fac61a1f4e0 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000000dbf000 "main" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000dbf000 nid=0x2e85 runnable [0x00007fac61a1f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE RSI=0x00007fac61a1f4f0 0x00007fac61a1f4f0 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000000dbf000 "main" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000dbf000 nid=0x2e85 runnable [0x00007fac61a1f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE RDI=0x00007fac61a1f500 0x00007fac61a1f500 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000000dbf000 "main" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000dbf000 nid=0x2e85 runnable [0x00007fac61a1f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE R8 =0x00007fac0c054630 0x00007fac0c054630 is pointing to unknown location R9 =0x00007fac61a1f358 0x00007fac61a1f358 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000000dbf000 "main" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000dbf000 nid=0x2e85 runnable [0x00007fac61a1f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE R10=0x00007fac61a1f270 0x00007fac61a1f270 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000000dbf000 "main" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000dbf000 nid=0x2e85 runnable [0x00007fac61a1f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE R11=0x00007fac11223354 0x00007fac11223354: _ZNSt20_List_const_iteratorIN5Exiv29ExifdatumEEppEv+0 in /home/hjed/libExiff2-binding.so at 0x00007fac1121f000 R12=0x0000000000dbf000 "main" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000dbf000 nid=0x2e85 runnable [0x00007fac61a1f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE R13=0x00007fac13ad1be8 {method} - klass: {other class} R14=0x00007fac61a1f7a8 0x00007fac61a1f7a8 is pointing into the stack for thread: 0x0000000000dbf000 "main" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000dbf000 nid=0x2e85 runnable [0x00007fac61a1f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE R15=0x0000000000dbf000 "main" prio=10 tid=0x0000000000dbf000 nid=0x2e85 runnable [0x00007fac61a1f000] java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE Top of Stack: (sp=0x00007fac61a1f4e0) ... Instructions: (pc=0x00007fac11223363) ... Stack: [0x00007fac61920000,0x00007fac61a21000], sp=0x00007fac61a1f4e0, free space=1021k Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code) C [libExiff2-binding.so+0x4363] _ZNSt20_List_const_iteratorIN5Exiv29ExifdatumEEppEv+0xf C [libExiff2-binding.so+0x4310] _ZSt10__distanceISt20_List_const_iteratorIN5Exiv29ExifdatumEEENSt15iterator_traitsIT_E15difference_typeES5_S5_St18input_iterator_tag+0x26 C [libExiff2-binding.so+0x424d] _ZSt8distanceISt20_List_const_iteratorIN5Exiv29ExifdatumEEENSt15iterator_traitsIT_E15difference_typeES5_S5_+0x36 C [libExiff2-binding.so+0x3f27] _ZNKSt4listIN5Exiv29ExifdatumESaIS1_EE4sizeEv+0x33 C [libExiff2-binding.so+0x3d50] _ZNK5Exiv28ExifData5countEv+0x18 C [libExiff2-binding.so+0x3d30] _ZNK5Exiv28ExifData5emptyEv+0x18 C [libExiff2-binding.so+0x3763] _Z7getVarsPKcP7JNIEnv_P8_jobject+0x3e3 C [libExiff2-binding.so+0x39d8] Java_photo_exiv2_Exiv2MetaDataStore_impl_1loadFromExiv+0x4b j photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.impl_loadFromExiv(Ljava/lang/String;Lphoto/exiv2/Exiv2MetaDataStore;)V+0 j photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.loadFromExiv2()V+9 j photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.loadData()V+1 j photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.<init>(Lphoto/ImageFile;)V+10 j photo.ImageFile.<init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V+11 j test.Main.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+67 v ~StubRoutines::call_stub V [libjvm.so+0x428698] V [libjvm.so+0x4275c8] V [libjvm.so+0x432943] V [libjvm.so+0x447f91] C [java+0x3495] JavaMain+0xd75 Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code) j photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.impl_loadFromExiv(Ljava/lang/String;Lphoto/exiv2/Exiv2MetaDataStore;)V+0 j photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.loadFromExiv2()V+9 j photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.loadData()V+1 j photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.<init>(Lphoto/ImageFile;)V+10 j photo.ImageFile.<init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V+11 j test.Main.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V+67 v ~StubRoutines::call_stub --------------- P R O C E S S --------------- Java Threads: ( => current thread ) 0x00007fac0c028000 JavaThread "Low Memory Detector" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=11924, stack(0x00007fac11532000,0x00007fac11633000)] 0x00007fac0c025800 JavaThread "CompilerThread1" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=11923, stack(0x00007fac11633000,0x00007fac11734000)] 0x00007fac0c022000 JavaThread "CompilerThread0" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=11922, stack(0x00007fac11734000,0x00007fac11835000)] 0x00007fac0c01f800 JavaThread "Signal Dispatcher" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=11921, stack(0x00007fac11835000,0x00007fac11936000)] 0x00007fac0c001000 JavaThread "Finalizer" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=11920, stack(0x00007fac11e2d000,0x00007fac11f2e000)] 0x0000000000e36000 JavaThread "Reference Handler" daemon [_thread_blocked, id=11919, stack(0x00007fac11f2e000,0x00007fac1202f000)] =>0x0000000000dbf000 JavaThread "main" [_thread_in_native, id=11909, stack(0x00007fac61920000,0x00007fac61a21000)] Other Threads: 0x0000000000e2f800 VMThread [stack: 0x00007fac1202f000,0x00007fac12130000] [id=11918] 0x00007fac0c02b000 WatcherThread [stack: 0x00007fac11431000,0x00007fac11532000] [id=11925] ... Heap PSYoungGen total 18432K, used 632K [0x00007fac47210000, 0x00007fac486a0000, 0x00007fac5bc10000) eden space 15808K, 4% used [0x00007fac47210000,0x00007fac472ae188,0x00007fac48180000) from space 2624K, 0% used [0x00007fac48410000,0x00007fac48410000,0x00007fac486a0000) to space 2624K, 0% used [0x00007fac48180000,0x00007fac48180000,0x00007fac48410000) PSOldGen total 42240K, used 0K [0x00007fac1de10000, 0x00007fac20750000, 0x00007fac47210000) object space 42240K, 0% used [0x00007fac1de10000,0x00007fac1de10000,0x00007fac20750000) PSPermGen total 21248K, used 2831K [0x00007fac13810000, 0x00007fac14cd0000, 0x00007fac1de10000) object space 21248K, 13% used [0x00007fac13810000,0x00007fac13ad3d80,0x00007fac14cd0000) Dynamic libraries: ... VM Arguments: jvm_args: -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 java_command: test.Main Launcher Type: SUN_STANDARD Environment Variables: PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games USERNAME=hjed LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/lib/amd64/server:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/lib/amd64:/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/../lib/amd64 SHELL=/bin/bash DISPLAY=:0.0 Signal Handlers: ... --------------- S Y S T E M --------------- OS:Ubuntu 10.10 (maverick) uname:Linux 2.6.35-24-generic #42-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 2 02:41:37 UTC 2010 x86_64 libc:glibc 2.12.1 NPTL 2.12.1 rlimit: STACK 8192k, CORE 0k, NPROC infinity, NOFILE 1024, AS infinity load average:0.27 0.31 0.30 /proc/meminfo: MemTotal: 4048200 kB MemFree: 106552 kB Buffers: 838212 kB Cached: 1172496 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 1801316 kB Inactive: 1774880 kB Active(anon): 1224708 kB Inactive(anon): 355012 kB Active(file): 576608 kB Inactive(file): 1419868 kB Unevictable: 64 kB Mlocked: 64 kB SwapTotal: 7065596 kB SwapFree: 7065596 kB Dirty: 20 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 1565608 kB Mapped: 213424 kB Shmem: 14216 kB Slab: 164812 kB SReclaimable: 102576 kB SUnreclaim: 62236 kB KernelStack: 4784 kB PageTables: 44908 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 9089696 kB Committed_AS: 3676872 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 332952 kB VmallocChunk: 34359397884 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB DirectMap4k: 48704 kB DirectMap2M: 4136960 kB CPU:total 8 (4 cores per cpu, 2 threads per core) family 6 model 26 stepping 5, cmov, cx8, fxsr, mmx, sse, sse2, sse3, ssse3, sse4.1, sse4.2, popcnt, ht Memory: 4k page, physical 4048200k(106552k free), swap 7065596k(7065596k free) vm_info: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (19.0-b09) for linux-amd64 JRE (1.6.0_20-b20), built on Dec 10 2010 19:45:55 by "buildd" with gcc 4.4.5 main.cpp: jobject toJava(std::auto_ptr<Exiv2::Value> v, const char * type, JNIEnv * env) { jclass stringClass; jmethodID cid; jobject result; stringClass = env->FindClass("photo/exiv2/Value"); cid = env->GetMethodID(stringClass, "<init>", "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Object;)V"); jvalue val; if ((strcmp(type, "String") == 0) || (strcmp(type, "String") == 0)) { val.l = env->NewStringUTF(v->toString().c_str()); } else if (strcmp(type, "Short") == 0) { val.s = v->toLong(0); } else if (strcmp(type, "Long") == 0) { val.j = v->toLong(0); } result = env->NewObject(stringClass, cid, env->NewStringUTF(v->toString().c_str()), val); return result; } void inLoop(std::auto_ptr<MetadataContainer> md, JNIEnv * env, jmethodID mid, jobject obj) { jvalue values[2]; const char* key = md->key().c_str(); values[0].l = env->NewStringUTF(key); /** md->value().toString().c_str(); const char* value = md->typeName(); values[1].l = env->NewStringUTF(value); TODO: do type conversions */ //std::cout << md->typeName() << std::endl; /** const char* type = md->value().toString().c_str(); values[1].l = env->NewStringUTF(type);*/ values[1].l = toJava(md->getValue(), md->typeName(), env); env->CallVoidMethodA(obj, mid, values); } void getVars(const char* path, JNIEnv * env, jobject obj) { //Load image Exiv2::Image::AutoPtr image = Exiv2::ImageFactory::open(path); assert(image.get() != 0); image->readMetadata(); //load method jclass cls = env->GetObjectClass(obj); jmethodID mid = env->GetMethodID(cls, "exiv2_reciveElement", "(Ljava/lang/String;Lphoto/exiv2/Value;)V"); //Load IPTC data /**loadIPTC(image, path, env, obj, mid); loadEXIF(image, path, env, obj, mid);*/ Exiv2::IptcData &iptcData = image->iptcData(); if (mid != NULL) { //is there any IPTC data AND check that method exists if (iptcData.empty()) { std::string error(path); error += ": failed loading IPTC data, there may not be any data"; } else { Exiv2::IptcData::iterator end = iptcData.end(); for (Exiv2::IptcData::iterator md = iptcData.begin(); md != end; ++md) { std::auto_ptr<MetadataContainer> meta(new MetadataContainer(md)); inLoop(meta, env, mid, obj); } } Exiv2::ExifData &exifData = image->exifData(); //is there any Exif data AND check that method exists if (exifData.empty()) { //error occurs here (main.cpp:146) std::string error(path); error += ": failed loading Exif data, there may not be any data"; } else { Exiv2::ExifData::iterator end = exifData.end(); for (Exiv2::ExifData::iterator md = exifData.begin(); md != end; ++md) { std::auto_ptr<MetadataContainer> meta(new MetadataContainer(md)); inLoop(meta, env, mid, obj); } } } else { std::string error(path); error += ": failed to load method"; } } JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_photo_exiv2_Exiv2MetaDataStore_impl_1loadFromExiv(JNIEnv * env, jobject obj, jstring path, jobject obj2) { const char* path2 = env->GetStringUTFChars(path, NULL); getVars(path2, env, obj); env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(path, path2); } Thanks for any help, HJED EDIT This is the output when runing the jvm with the -cacao option: run: null:/usr/local/lib Error: Directory Olympus2 with 1536 entries considered invalid; not read. LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] We received a SIGSEGV and tried to handle it, but we were LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] unable to find a Java method at: LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] PC=0x00007feffe4ee67d LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] Dumping the current stacktrace: at photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.impl_loadFromExiv(Ljava/lang/String;Lphoto/exiv2/Exiv2MetaDataStore;)V(Native Method) at photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.loadFromExiv2()V(Exiv2MetaDataStore.java:38) at photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.loadData()V(Exiv2MetaDataStore.java:29) at photo.exiv2.MetaDataStore.<init>(Lphoto/ImageFile;)V(MetaDataStore.java:33) at photo.exiv2.Exiv2MetaDataStore.<init>(Lphoto/ImageFile;)V(Exiv2MetaDataStore.java:20) at photo.ImageFile.<init>(Ljava/lang/String;)V(ImageFile.java:22) at test.Main.main([Ljava/lang/String;)V(Main.java:28) LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] vm_abort: WARNING, port me to C++ and use os::abort() instead. LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] Exiting... LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] Backtrace (15 stack frames): LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/lib/amd64/cacao/libjvm.so(+0x4ff54) [0x7ff004306f54] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/lib/amd64/cacao/libjvm.so(+0x5ac01) [0x7ff004311c01] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/lib/amd64/cacao/libjvm.so(+0x66e9a) [0x7ff00431de9a] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/lib/amd64/cacao/libjvm.so(+0x76408) [0x7ff00432d408] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-openjdk/jre/lib/amd64/cacao/libjvm.so(+0x79a4c) [0x7ff004330a4c] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /lib/libpthread.so.0(+0xfb40) [0x7ff004d53b40] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /home/hjed/libExiff2-binding.so(_ZNSt20_List_const_iteratorIN5Exiv29ExifdatumEEppEv+0xf) [0x7feffe4ee67d] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /home/hjed/libExiff2-binding.so(_ZSt10__distanceISt20_List_const_iteratorIN5Exiv29ExifdatumEEENSt15iterator_traitsIT_E15difference_typeES5_S5_St18input_iterator_tag+0x26) [0x7feffe4ee62a] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /home/hjed/libExiff2-binding.so(_ZSt8distanceISt20_List_const_iteratorIN5Exiv29ExifdatumEEENSt15iterator_traitsIT_E15difference_typeES5_S5_+0x36) [0x7feffe4ee567] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /home/hjed/libExiff2-binding.so(_ZNKSt4listIN5Exiv29ExifdatumESaIS1_EE4sizeEv+0x33) [0x7feffe4ee22b] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /home/hjed/libExiff2-binding.so(_ZNK5Exiv28ExifData5countEv+0x18) [0x7feffe4ee054] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /home/hjed/libExiff2-binding.so(_ZNK5Exiv28ExifData5emptyEv+0x18) [0x7feffe4ee034] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /home/hjed/libExiff2-binding.so(_Z7getVarsPKcP7JNIEnv_P8_jobject+0x3d7) [0x7feffe4ed947] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] /home/hjed/libExiff2-binding.so(Java_photo_exiv2_Exiv2MetaDataStore_impl_1loadFromExiv+0x4b) [0x7feffe4edcdc] LOG: [0x00007ff005376700] [0x7feffe701ccd] Java Result: 134 BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 0 seconds)

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• OpenGL 3.x Assimp trouble implementing phong shading (normals?)

  - by Defcronyke

  I'm having trouble getting phong shading to look right. I'm pretty sure there's something wrong with either my OpenGL calls, or the way I'm loading my normals, but I guess it could be something else since 3D graphics and Assimp are both still very new to me. When trying to load .obj/.mtl files, the problems I'm seeing are: The models seem to be lit too intensely (less phong-style and more completely washed out, too bright). Faces that are lit seem to be lit equally all over (with the exception of a specular highlight showing only when the light source position is moved to be practically right on top of the model) Because of problems 1 and 2, spheres look very wrong: picture of sphere And things with larger faces look (less-noticeably) wrong too: picture of cube I could be wrong, but to me this doesn't look like proper phong shading. Here's the code that I think might be relevant (I can post more if necessary): file: assimpRenderer.cpp #include "assimpRenderer.hpp" namespace def { assimpRenderer::assimpRenderer(std::string modelFilename, float modelScale) { initSFML(); initOpenGL(); if (assImport(modelFilename)) // if modelFile loaded successfully { initScene(); mainLoop(modelScale); shutdownScene(); } shutdownOpenGL(); shutdownSFML(); } assimpRenderer::~assimpRenderer() { } void assimpRenderer::initSFML() { windowWidth = 800; windowHeight = 600; settings.majorVersion = 3; settings.minorVersion = 3; app = NULL; shader = NULL; app = new sf::Window(sf::VideoMode(windowWidth,windowHeight,32), "OpenGL 3.x Window", sf::Style::Default, settings); app->setFramerateLimit(240); app->setActive(); return; } void assimpRenderer::shutdownSFML() { delete app; return; } void assimpRenderer::initOpenGL() { GLenum err = glewInit(); if (GLEW_OK != err) { /* Problem: glewInit failed, something is seriously wrong. */ std::cerr << "Error: " << glewGetErrorString(err) << std::endl; } // check the OpenGL context version that's currently in use int glVersion[2] = {-1, -1}; glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION, &glVersion[0]); // get the OpenGL Major version glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION, &glVersion[1]); // get the OpenGL Minor version std::cout << "Using OpenGL Version: " << glVersion[0] << "." << glVersion[1] << std::endl; return; } void assimpRenderer::shutdownOpenGL() { return; } void assimpRenderer::initScene() { // allocate heap space for VAOs, VBOs, and IBOs vaoID = new GLuint[scene->mNumMeshes]; vboID = new GLuint[scene->mNumMeshes*2]; iboID = new GLuint[scene->mNumMeshes]; glClearColor(0.4f, 0.6f, 0.9f, 0.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); shader = new Shader("shader.vert", "shader.frag"); projectionMatrix = glm::perspective(60.0f, (float)windowWidth / (float)windowHeight, 0.1f, 100.0f); rot = 0.0f; rotSpeed = 50.0f; faceIndex = 0; colorArrayA = NULL; colorArrayD = NULL; colorArrayS = NULL; normalArray = NULL; genVAOs(); return; } void assimpRenderer::shutdownScene() { delete [] iboID; delete [] vboID; delete [] vaoID; delete shader; } void assimpRenderer::renderScene(float modelScale) { sf::Time elapsedTime = clock.getElapsedTime(); clock.restart(); if (rot > 360.0f) rot = 0.0f; rot += rotSpeed * elapsedTime.asSeconds(); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT | GL_STENCIL_BUFFER_BIT); viewMatrix = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, -3.0f, -10.0f)); // move back a bit modelMatrix = glm::scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(modelScale)); // scale model modelMatrix = glm::rotate(modelMatrix, rot, glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)); //modelMatrix = glm::rotate(modelMatrix, 25.0f, glm::vec3(0, 1, 0)); glm::vec3 lightPosition( 0.0f, -100.0f, 0.0f ); float lightPositionArray[3]; lightPositionArray[0] = lightPosition[0]; lightPositionArray[1] = lightPosition[1]; lightPositionArray[2] = lightPosition[2]; shader->bind(); int projectionMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "projectionMatrix"); int viewMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "viewMatrix"); int modelMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "modelMatrix"); int ambientLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "ambientColor"); int diffuseLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "diffuseColor"); int specularLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "specularColor"); int lightPositionLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "lightPosition"); int normalMatrixLocation = glGetUniformLocation(shader->id(), "normalMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(projectionMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &projectionMatrix[0][0]); glUniformMatrix4fv(viewMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &viewMatrix[0][0]); glUniformMatrix4fv(modelMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, &modelMatrix[0][0]); glUniform3fv(lightPositionLocation, 1, lightPositionArray); for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->mNumMeshes; i++) { colorArrayA = new float[3]; colorArrayD = new float[3]; colorArrayS = new float[3]; material = scene->mMaterials[scene->mNumMaterials-1]; normalArray = new float[scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3]; unsigned int normalIndex = 0; for (unsigned int j = 0; j < scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3; j+=3, normalIndex++) { normalArray[j] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].x; // x normalArray[j+1] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].y; // y normalArray[j+2] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].z; // z } normalIndex = 0; glUniformMatrix3fv(normalMatrixLocation, 1, GL_FALSE, normalArray); aiColor3D ambient(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); material->Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_AMBIENT, ambient); aiColor3D diffuse(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); material->Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_DIFFUSE, diffuse); aiColor3D specular(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); material->Get(AI_MATKEY_COLOR_SPECULAR, specular); colorArrayA[0] = ambient.r; colorArrayA[1] = ambient.g; colorArrayA[2] = ambient.b; colorArrayD[0] = diffuse.r; colorArrayD[1] = diffuse.g; colorArrayD[2] = diffuse.b; colorArrayS[0] = specular.r; colorArrayS[1] = specular.g; colorArrayS[2] = specular.b; // bind color for each mesh glUniform3fv(ambientLocation, 1, colorArrayA); glUniform3fv(diffuseLocation, 1, colorArrayD); glUniform3fv(specularLocation, 1, colorArrayS); // render all meshes glBindVertexArray(vaoID[i]); // bind our VAO glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumFaces*3, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, 0); glBindVertexArray(0); // unbind our VAO delete [] normalArray; delete [] colorArrayA; delete [] colorArrayD; delete [] colorArrayS; } shader->unbind(); app->display(); return; } void assimpRenderer::handleEvents() { sf::Event event; while (app->pollEvent(event)) { if (event.type == sf::Event::Closed) { app->close(); } if ((event.type == sf::Event::KeyPressed) && (event.key.code == sf::Keyboard::Escape)) { app->close(); } if (event.type == sf::Event::Resized) { glViewport(0, 0, event.size.width, event.size.height); } } return; } void assimpRenderer::mainLoop(float modelScale) { while (app->isOpen()) { renderScene(modelScale); handleEvents(); } } bool assimpRenderer::assImport(const std::string& pFile) { // read the file with some example postprocessing scene = importer.ReadFile(pFile, aiProcess_CalcTangentSpace | aiProcess_Triangulate | aiProcess_JoinIdenticalVertices | aiProcess_SortByPType); // if the import failed, report it if (!scene) { std::cerr << "Error: " << importer.GetErrorString() << std::endl; return false; } return true; } void assimpRenderer::genVAOs() { int vboIndex = 0; for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scene->mNumMeshes; i++, vboIndex+=2) { mesh = scene->mMeshes[i]; indexArray = new unsigned int[mesh->mNumFaces * sizeof(unsigned int) * 3]; // convert assimp faces format to array faceIndex = 0; for (unsigned int t = 0; t < mesh->mNumFaces; ++t) { const struct aiFace* face = &mesh->mFaces[t]; std::memcpy(&indexArray[faceIndex], face->mIndices, sizeof(float) * 3); faceIndex += 3; } // generate VAO glGenVertexArrays(1, &vaoID[i]); glBindVertexArray(vaoID[i]); // generate IBO for faces glGenBuffers(1, &iboID[i]); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, iboID[i]); glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(GLuint) * mesh->mNumFaces * 3, indexArray, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // generate VBO for vertices if (mesh->HasPositions()) { glGenBuffers(1, &vboID[vboIndex]); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID[vboIndex]); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mesh->mNumVertices * sizeof(GLfloat) * 3, mesh->mVertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray((GLuint)0); glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); } // generate VBO for normals if (mesh->HasNormals()) { normalArray = new float[scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3]; unsigned int normalIndex = 0; for (unsigned int j = 0; j < scene->mMeshes[i]->mNumVertices * 3; j+=3, normalIndex++) { normalArray[j] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].x; // x normalArray[j+1] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].y; // y normalArray[j+2] = scene->mMeshes[i]->mNormals[normalIndex].z; // z } normalIndex = 0; glGenBuffers(1, &vboID[vboIndex+1]); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vboID[vboIndex+1]); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, mesh->mNumVertices * sizeof(GLfloat) * 3, normalArray, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableVertexAttribArray((GLuint)1); glVertexAttribPointer((GLuint)1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0); delete [] normalArray; } // tex coord stuff goes here // unbind buffers glBindVertexArray(0); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); delete [] indexArray; } vboIndex = 0; return; } } file: shader.vert #version 150 core in vec3 in_Position; in vec3 in_Normal; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 modelMatrix; uniform vec3 lightPosition; uniform mat3 normalMatrix; smooth out vec3 vVaryingNormal; smooth out vec3 vVaryingLightDir; void main() { // derive MVP and MV matrices mat4 modelViewProjectionMatrix = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix; mat4 modelViewMatrix = viewMatrix * modelMatrix; // get surface normal in eye coordinates vVaryingNormal = normalMatrix * in_Normal; // get vertex position in eye coordinates vec4 vPosition4 = modelViewMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); vec3 vPosition3 = vPosition4.xyz / vPosition4.w; // get vector to light source vVaryingLightDir = normalize(lightPosition - vPosition3); // Set the position of the current vertex gl_Position = modelViewProjectionMatrix * vec4(in_Position, 1.0); } file: shader.frag #version 150 core out vec4 out_Color; uniform vec3 ambientColor; uniform vec3 diffuseColor; uniform vec3 specularColor; smooth in vec3 vVaryingNormal; smooth in vec3 vVaryingLightDir; void main() { // dot product gives us diffuse intensity float diff = max(0.0, dot(normalize(vVaryingNormal), normalize(vVaryingLightDir))); // multiply intensity by diffuse color, force alpha to 1.0 out_Color = vec4(diff * diffuseColor, 1.0); // add in ambient light out_Color += vec4(ambientColor, 1.0); // specular light vec3 vReflection = normalize(reflect(-normalize(vVaryingLightDir), normalize(vVaryingNormal))); float spec = max(0.0, dot(normalize(vVaryingNormal), vReflection)); if (diff != 0) { float fSpec = pow(spec, 128.0); // Set the output color of our current pixel out_Color.rgb += vec3(fSpec, fSpec, fSpec); } } I know it's a lot to look through, but I'm putting most of the code up so as not to assume where the problem is. Thanks in advance to anyone who has some time to help me pinpoint the problem(s)! I've been trying to sort it out for two days now and I'm not getting anywhere on my own.

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