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• Why did my flash drive become "read only" and (how) can I fix it?

  - by Bob

  I have a brand new flash drive (one week old) that has become marked as read only, by Windows, Kubuntu and a bootable partitioner. Why did this happen? Is it fixable? If it is, how can I fix this? The problem Firstly, this drive is new. It's certainly not been used enough to die from normal wear and tear, though I would not discount defective components. The drive itself has somehow become locked in a read only state. Windows' Disk management: Diskpart: Generic Flash Disk USB Device Disk ID: 33FA33FA Type : USB Status : Online Path : 0 Target : 0 LUN ID : 0 Location Path : UNAVAILABLE Current Read-only State : Yes Read-only : No Boot Disk : No Pagefile Disk : No Hibernation File Disk : No Crashdump Disk : No Clustered Disk : No What really confuses me is Current Read-only State : Yes and Read-only : No. Attempted solutions So far, I've tried: Formatting it in Windows (in Disk management, the format options are greyed out when right clicking). DiskPart Clean (CLEAN - Clear the configuration information, or all information, off the disk.): DISKPART> clean DiskPart has encountered an error: The media is write protected. See the System Event Log for more information. There was nothing in the event log. Windows command line format >format G: Insert new disk for drive G: and press ENTER when ready... The type of the file system is FAT32. Verifying 7740M Cannot format. This volume is write protected. Windows chkdsk: see below for details Kubuntu fsck (through VirtualBox USB passthrough): see below for details Acronis True Image to format, to convert to GPT, to destroy and rebuild MBR, basically anything: failed (could not write to MBR) Details (and a nice story) Background This was a brand new, generic, 8GB flash drive I wanted to create a multiboot flash drive with. It came formatted as FAT32, though oddly a little larger than most 8 GIGAbyte flash drives I've come across. Approximately 127MB was listed as "used" by Windows. I never discovered why. The end usable space was about what I normally expect from a 8GB drive (approx 7.4 GIBIbytes). I had thrown quite a few Linux distros on, along with a copy of Hiren's. They would all boot perfectly. They were put on with YUMI. When I tried to put the Knoppix DVD on, YUMI added an odd video option to its boot comman which caused Knoppix to boot with a black screen on X. ttys 1 through 6 still worked as text only interfaces. A few days later, I took some time to take that odd video option off, making the boot command match the one that comes with Knoppix. On the attempt to boot, Knoppix reported some form of LZMA corruption. Leading up to the current issue I was thinking the Knoppix files may have been corrupted somehow, so I tried reloading it. The drive was nearly full (45MB free), so I deleted a generic ISO that also was not booting. That went fine. I then went through YUMI to 'uninstall' Knoppix, i.e. delete files and remove from the menus. The files went first, then the menus were cleared successfully. However, the free space was stuck at about 700MB, same as it was before removing Knoppix. In the old Knoppix folder, there was a 0 byte file named KNOPPIX that could not be deleted. I tried reinserting the drive to delete this file - without safely removing, if that made a difference (hey, first time for everything). Running the standard Windows chkdsk scan without /r or /f reported errors found. Running with /r just got it stuck. I decided to give fsck a shot, so I loaded up my Kubuntu VM and attached the drive to it with VirtualBox's USB 2.0 passthrough. I umounted it (/dev/sda1) and ran a fsck. There are differences between boot sector and its backup. I chose No action. It told me FATs differ and asked me to select either the first or second FAT. Whichever I selected, I got a notice of Free cluster summary wrong. If I chose Correct, it gave a list of incorrect file names. To try to fix something, at least, I ran it with the -p option. Halfway through fixing the files, the VM froze - I ended its process about ten minutes later. Cause? My next attempt was to use YUMI, again, to rebuild the whole drive. I used YUMI's built in reformat (to FAT32) option and installed a Kubuntu ISO (700MB). The format was successful, however, the extract and copy of Kubuntu (which YUMI uses a 7zip binary for) froze at about 60% done. After waiting for about fifteen minutes (longer than the 3.5GB Knoppix ISO took last time), I pulled the drive out. The drive at this point was already formatted, SYSLINUX already installed, just waiting on the unpacking of an ISO and the modifying of the boot menus. Plugging it back in, it came up as normal - however, any write action would fail. Disk management reported it as read only. On reconnect, it would come up as normal but a write operation would cause it to go read only again. After a few attempts, it started coming up as read only on insertion. Attempts to fix This is when I ran through the attempts listed above, to try and reformat it in case of a faulty format. However the inability to do so even on a bootable disk indicated something more serious is wrong. chkdsk now reports nothing is wrong, and fsck still reports MBR inconsistencies, but now always chooses first FAT automatically after telling me FATs differ. It still does the same Free cluster summary wrong afterwards. I cannot run with -p anymore because it is now marked as read only. It also managed to corrupt my VM's disk somehow on the first attempt (yes, I'm sure I chose sda, which is mapped to a 7.4GB drive - I triple checked). Thank god for snapshots? I'm just about out of ideas. To my inexperienced mind it looks like something in the drive's firmware set it to read only "permanently" somehow - is there any way to reset this? I don't particularly care about keeping data, considering I've reformatted it twice. Also, fixes that keep me in Windows are better; it reduces the risk of me accidentally nuking my main hard drive. Update 1: I pulled apart the drive out of curiosity. As you can see, there are no obvious write protect switches. There is an IC on the other side, ALCOR branded labelled AU6989HL, if that matters. If there appears to be no way to fix this, I'll probably pull out the (glued down) card and put it in a card reader to check if it's the card or the controller that died. Update 2: I've pulled the card off, Windows detects the drive as a card reader now. The contacts on the card don't appear to be used, and there are several rows of holes on the card itself. Putting it into the card reader only detects about 30MB total, RAW. It's probably either the reader incorrectly reporting the card as faulty (as if a real SD card's write protect was switched on) or a bad contact somewhere. If nothing else, I have a spare 8GB Micro SD card now... as soon as I figure out how to format it as 8GB.

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• Array help needed for unit conversion application

  - by Manolis

  I have a project to do in Visual Basic. My problem is that the outcome is always wrong (ex. instead of 2011 it gives 2000). And i cannot set as Desired unit the Inch(1) or feet(3), it gives the Infinity error. And if i put as Original and Desired unit the inch(1), the outcome is "Not a Number". Here's the code i made so far. The project is about arrays. Any help appreciated. Public Class Form1 Private Sub btnConvert_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnConvert.Click Dim original(9) As Long Dim desired(9) As Long Dim a As Integer Dim o As Integer Dim d As Integer Dim inch As Long, fathom As Long, furlong As Long, kilometer As Long Dim meter As Long, miles As Long, rod As Long, yard As Long, feet As Long a = Val(Input3.Text) o = Val(Input1.Text) d = Val(Input2.Text) inch& = 0.0833 rod& = 16.5 yard& = 3 furlong& = 660 meter& = 3.28155 kilometer& = 3281.5 fathom& = 6 miles& = 5280 original(1) = inch original(2) = fathom original(3) = feet original(4) = furlong original(5) = kilometer original(6) = meter original(7) = miles original(8) = rod original(9) = yard desired(1) = inch desired(2) = fathom desired(3) = feet desired(4) = furlong desired(5) = kilometer desired(6) = meter desired(7) = miles desired(8) = rod desired(9) = yard If o < 1 Or o > 9 Or d < 1 Or d > 9 Then MessageBox.Show("Units must range from 1-9.", "Error", _ MessageBoxButtons.OK, _ MessageBoxIcon.Information) Return End If Output.Text = (a * original(o)) / desired(d) End Sub End Class

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• #indent "off" in F#

  - by anta40

  I just started learning F#, and tried a code from the wiki: I prefer tabs to spaces, so I change the code a bit into this: #indent "off" open System open System.Windows.Forms let form = new Form(Visible=true, TopMost=true, Text="Welcome to F#") let label = let temp = new Label() let x = 3 + (4 * 5) temp.Text <- sprintf "x = %d" x temp form.Controls.Add(label) [<STAThread>] Application.Run(form) The output is: Microsoft (R) F# 2.0 Compiler build 4.0.30319.1 Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. fstest2.fs(1,1): warning FS0062: This construct is for ML compatibility. Conside r using a file with extension '.ml' or '.mli' instead. You can disable this warn ing by using '--mlcompatibility' or '--nowarn:62'. fstest2.fs(9,2): error FS0010: Unexpected keyword 'let' or 'use' in expression. Expected 'in' or other token. fstest2.fs(13,1): error FS0597: Successive arguments should be separated by spac es or tupled, and arguments involving function or method applications should be parenthesized fstest2.fs(9,14): error FS0374: Invalid expression on left of assignment fstest2.fs(16,1): error FS0010: Unexpected identifier in definition Guess the error is somewhere in the let label block, but couldn't figure it out.

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• Logging exceptions during bean injection

  - by Marc W

  I think this is a pretty basic question, but after Googling around I can't seem to find the answer. What I need is a way to log some custom output with log4j during Spring bean construction. I have a factory class called ResponderFactory (being used as an instance factory in Spring) with a factory method that can throw 2 different types of exception. public CollectorResponder collectorResponder(String inputQueueName) throws ConfigurationException, BrokerConnectionException {} Now, normally I could wrap a call to this method in a try-catch block with 2 catch clauses to handle the logging situations for each of the exceptions. However, if I'm using Spring to inject this CollectorResponder, created with the factory, into another class I don't see how this is possible. <bean id="responderFactory" class="com.package.ResponderFactory"> <constructor-arg index="0" ref="basicDispatcher" /> <constructor-arg index="1" value="http://localhost:9000" /> </bean> <bean id="collectorResponder" class="com.package.CollectorResponder" factory-bean="responderFactory" factory-method="collectorResponder"> <constructor-arg value="collector.in" /> </bean> <bean id="collectorConsumer" class="com.package.CollectorConsumer"> <constructor-arg ref="collectorResponder" /> </bean> Again, I want to catch these exceptions when the collectorResponder bean is instantiated. Right now I'm dealing with this is CollectorConsumer when I instantiate using new CollectorResponder(...). Is there any way I can do this?

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• Locating memory leak in Apache httpd process, PHP/Doctrine-based application

  - by Sam

  I have a PHP application using these components: Apache 2.2.3-31 on Centos 5.4 PHP 5.2.10 Xdebug 2.0.5 with Remote Debugging enabled APC 3.0.19 Doctrine ORM for PHP 1.2.1 using Query Caching and Results Caching via APC MySQL 5.0.77 using Query Caching I've noticed that when I start up Apache, I eventually end up 10 child processes. As time goes on, each process will grow in memory until each one approaches 10% of available memory, which begins to slow the server to a crawl since together they grow to take up 100% of memory. Here is a snapshot of my top output: PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 1471 apache 16 0 626m 201m 18m S 0.0 10.2 1:11.02 httpd 1470 apache 16 0 622m 198m 18m S 0.0 10.1 1:14.49 httpd 1469 apache 16 0 619m 197m 18m S 0.0 10.0 1:11.98 httpd 1462 apache 18 0 622m 197m 18m S 0.0 10.0 1:11.27 httpd 1460 apache 15 0 622m 195m 18m S 0.0 10.0 1:12.73 httpd 1459 apache 16 0 618m 191m 18m S 0.0 9.7 1:13.00 httpd 1461 apache 18 0 616m 190m 18m S 0.0 9.7 1:14.09 httpd 1468 apache 18 0 613m 190m 18m S 0.0 9.7 1:12.67 httpd 7919 apache 18 0 116m 75m 15m S 0.0 3.8 0:19.86 httpd 9486 apache 16 0 97.7m 56m 14m S 0.0 2.9 0:13.51 httpd I have no long-running scripts (they all terminate eventually, the longest being maybe 2 minutes long), and I am working under the assumption that once each script terminates, the memory it uses gets deallocated. (Maybe someone can correct me on that). My hunch is that it could be APC, since it stores data between requests, but at the same time, it seems weird that it would store data inside the httpd process. How can I track down which part of my app is causing the memory leak? What tools can I use to see how the memory usage is growing inside the httpd process and what is contributing to it?

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• Memory leak of java.lang.ref.WeakReference objects inside JDK classes

  - by mandye

  The following simple code reproduces the growth of java.lang.ref.WeakReference objects in the heap: public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { while (true) { java.util.logging.Logger.getAnonymousLogger(); Thread.sleep(1); } } Here is the output of jmap command within a few seconds interval: user@t1007:~ jmap -d64 -histo:live 29201|grep WeakReference 8: 22493 1079664 java.lang.ref.WeakReference 31: 1 32144 [Ljava.lang.ref.WeakReference; 106: 17 952 com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.WeakIdentityHashMap$IdentityWeakReference user@t1007:~ jmap -d64 -histo:live 29201|grep WeakReference 8: 23191 1113168 java.lang.ref.WeakReference 31: 1 32144 [Ljava.lang.ref.WeakReference; 103: 17 952 com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.WeakIdentityHashMap$IdentityWeakReference user@t1007:~ jmap -d64 -histo:live 29201|grep WeakReference 8: 23804 1142592 java.lang.ref.WeakReference 31: 1 32144 [Ljava.lang.ref.WeakReference; 103: 17 952 com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.WeakIdentityHashMap$IdentityWeakReference Note that jmap command forces FullGC. JVM settings: export JVM_OPT="\ -d64 \ -Xms200m -Xmx200m \ -XX:MaxNewSize=64m \ -XX:NewSize=64m \ -XX:+UseParNewGC \ -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC \ -XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=10 \ -XX:SurvivorRatio=2 \ -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=60 \ -XX:+UseCMSInitiatingOccupancyOnly \ -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled \ -XX:+DisableExplicitGC \ -XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled \ -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps \ -XX:+PrintGCDetails \ -XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution \ -XX:+PrintGCApplicationConcurrentTime \ -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime \ -XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime \ -XX:+PrintClassHistogram \ -XX:+ParallelRefProcEnabled \ -XX:SoftRefLRUPolicyMSPerMB=1 \ -verbose:gc \ -Xloggc:$GCLOGFILE" java version "1.6.0_18" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_18-b07) Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 16.0-b13, mixed mode) Solaris 10/Sun Fire(TM) T1000

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• How to parse xml in sql server to process NULL value in DateTime DataType.

  - by Shantanu Gupta

  I have created a sample query in sql server to parse data from xml and to display it right now. Although I will be inserting this data in my table but before that I am facing a simple problem. I want to insert NULL in datetime field ADDED_DATE="NULL" as shown in xml given below. But when I executes this query. It gives me error Conversion failed when converting datetime from character string. What mistake am i doing. Please highlight my mistake. declare @xml varchar(1000) set @xml= ' <ROOT> <TX_MAP FK_GUEST_ID="1" FK_CATEGORY_ID="2" ATTRIBUTE="Test" DESCRIPTION="TestDesc" IS_ACTIVE="1" ADDED_BY="NULL" ADDED_DATE="NULL" MODIFIED_BY="NULL" MODIFIED_DATE="NULL"></TX_MAP> <TX_MAP FK_GUEST_ID="2" FK_CATEGORY_ID="1" ATTRIBUTE="Test2" DESCRIPTION="TestDesc2" IS_ACTIVE="1" ADDED_BY="NULL" ADDED_DATE="NULL" MODIFIED_BY="NULL" MODIFIED_DATE="NULL"></TX_MAP> </ROOT> ' declare @handle int exec sp_xml_preparedocument @handle output, @xml select * from OPENXML(@handle,'/ROOT/TX_MAP',1) with ( FK_GUEST_ID INT ,FK_CATEGORY_ID VARCHAR(10) ,ATTRIBUTE VARCHAR(100) ,[DESCRIPTION] VARCHAR(100) ,IS_ACTIVE VARCHAR(10) ,ADDED_BY VARCHAR(100) ,ADDED_DATE DATETIME NULL ,MODIFIED_BY VARCHAR(100) ,MODIFIED_DATE DATETIME NULL ) I am using Sql Server 2005.

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• OpenVPN - Windows 8 to Windows 2008 Server, not connecting

  - by niico

  I have followed this tutorial about setting up an OpenVPN Server on Windows Server - and a client on Windows (in this case Windows 8). The server appears to be running fine - but it is not connecting with this error: Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 Warning: cannot open --log file: C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\log\my-laptop.log: Access is denied. (errno=5) Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 OpenVPN 2.3.2 x86_64-w64-mingw32 [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [IPv6] built on Jun 3 2013 Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 MANAGEMENT: TCP Socket listening on [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:25340 Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 Need hold release from management interface, waiting... Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: Client connected from [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:25340 Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state on' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'log all on' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold off' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold release' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[65536->65536] S=[65536->65536] Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]66.666.66.666:9999 Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1374494945,WAIT,,, Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds (check your network connectivity) Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 TLS Error: TLS handshake failed Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1374495005,RECONNECTING,tls-error,, Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 Restart pause, 2 second(s) Note I have changed the IP and port no (it uses a non-standard port for security reasons). That port is open on the hardware firewall. The server logs are showing a connection attempt from my client: TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]118.68.xx.xx:65011, sid=081af4ed xxxxxxxx Mon Jul 22 14:19:15 2013 118.68.xx.xx:65011 TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds (check your network connectivity) How can I problem solve this & find the problem? Thx Update - Client config file: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. ;proto tcp proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. remote 00.00.00.00 1194 ;remote 00.00.00.00 9999 ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nobody # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\my-laptop.crt" key "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\my-laptop.key" # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 Server config file: ################################################# # Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for # # multi-client server. # # # # This file is for the server side # # of a many-clients <-> one-server # # OpenVPN configuration. # # # # OpenVPN also supports # # single-machine <-> single-machine # # configurations (See the Examples page # # on the web site for more info). # # # # This config should work on Windows # # or Linux/BSD systems. Remember on # # Windows to quote pathnames and use # # double backslashes, e.g.: # # "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" # # # # Comments are preceded with '#' or ';' # ################################################# # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local 00.00.00.00 # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. std 1194 port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\server.crt" key "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\server.key" # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\dh2048.pem" # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). ;push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" # Uncomment this directive to allow differenta # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nobody # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I have changed IP's for security

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• How to append new elements to Xml from a stream

  - by Wololo

  I have a method which returns some xml in a memory stream private MemoryStream GetXml() { XmlWriterSettings settings = new XmlWriterSettings(); settings.Indent = true; using (MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream()) { using (XmlWriter writer = XmlWriter.Create(memoryStream, settings)) { writer.WriteStartDocument(); writer.WriteStartElement("root"); writer.WriteStartElement("element"); writer.WriteString("content"); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteEndElement(); writer.WriteEndDocument(); writer.Flush(); } return memoryStream; } } In this example the format of the xml will be: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <root> <element>content</element> </root> How can i insert a new element under the root e.g <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <root> <element>content</element> ----->New element here <------ </root> EDIT: Also please suggest the most efficient method as returning a memorystream may not be the best solution. The final xml will be passed to a custom HttpHandler so what are the best options for writing the output? context.Response.Write vs context.Response.OutputStream

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• Method binding to base method in external library can't handle new virtual methods "between"

  - by Berg

  Lets say I have a library, version 1.0.0, with the following contents: public class Class1 { public virtual void Test() { Console.WriteLine( "Library:Class1 - Test" ); Console.WriteLine( "" ); } } public class Class2 : Class1 { } and I reference this library in a console application with the following contents: class Program { static void Main( string[] args ) { var c3 = new Class3(); c3.Test(); Console.ReadKey(); } } public class Class3 : ClassLibrary1.Class2 { public override void Test() { Console.WriteLine("Console:Class3 - Test"); base.Test(); } } Running the program will output the following: Console:Class3 - Test Library:Class1 - Test If I build a new version of the library, version 2.0.0, looking like this: public class Class1 { public virtual void Test() { Console.WriteLine( "Library:Class1 - Test V2" ); Console.WriteLine( "" ); } } public class Class2 : Class1 { public override void Test() { Console.WriteLine("Library:Class2 - Test V2"); base.Test(); } } and copy this version to the bin folder containing my console program and run it, the results are: Console:Class3 - Test Library:Class1 - Test V2 I.e, the Class2.Test method is never executed, the base.Test call in Class3.Test seems to be bound to Class1.Test since Class2.Test didn't exist when the console program was compiled. This was very surprising to me and could be a big problem in situations where you deploy new versions of a library without recompiling applications. Does anyone else have experience with this? Are there any good solutions? This makes it tempting to add empty overrides that just calls base in case I need to add some code at that level in the future...

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• GLSL shader render to texture not saving alpha value

  - by quadelirus

  I am rendering to a texture using a GLSL shader and then sending that texture as input to a second shader. For the first texture I am using RGB channels to send color data to the second GLSL shader, but I want to use the alpha channel to send a floating point number that the second shader will use as part of its program. The problem is that when I read the texture in the second shader the alpha value is always 1.0. I tested this in the following way: at the end of the first shader I did this: gl_FragColor(r, g, b, 0.1); and then in the second texture I read the value of the first texture using something along the lines of vec4 f = texture2D(previous_tex, pos); if (f.a != 1.0) { gl_FragColor = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); return; } No pixels in my output are black, whereas if I change the above code to read gl_FragColor(r, g, 0.1, 1.0); //Notice I'm now sending 0.1 for blue and in the second shader vec4 f = texture2D(previous_tex, pos); if (f.b != 1.0) { gl_FragColor = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); return; } All the appropriate pixels are black. This means that for some reason when I set the alpha value to something other than 1.0 in the first shader and render to a texture, it is still seen as being 1.0 by the second shader. Before I render to texture I glDisable(GL_BLEND); It seems pretty clear to me that the problem has to do with OpenGL handling alpha values in some way that isn't obvious to me since I can use the blue channel in the way I want, and figured someone out there will instantly see the problem.

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• HashMap key problems

  - by Peterdk

  I'm profiling some old java code and it appears that my caching of values using a static HashMap and a access method does not work. Caching code (a bit abstracted): static HashMap<Key, Value> cache = new HashMap<Key, Value>(); public static Value getValue(Key key){ System.out.println("cache size="+ cache.size()); if (cache.containsKey(key)) { System.out.println("cache hit"); return cache.get(key); } else { System.out.println("no cache hit"); Value value = calcValue(); cache.put(key, value); return value; } } Profiling code: for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { getValue(new Key()); } Result output: cache size=0 no cache hit (..) cache size=99 no cache hit It looked like a standard error in Key's hashing code or equals code. However: new Key().hashcode == new Key().hashcode // TRUE new Key().equals(new Key()) // TRUE What's especially weird is that cache.put(key, value) just adds another value to the hashmap, instead of replacing the current one. So, I don't really get what's going on here. Am I doing something wrong?

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• How to create a jpeg using set of div with backgrounds - PHP/jQuery

  - by Dasun

  The final output of the image looks like this below. If you look into html parts, It's create using different divs as below. All the div are placed one on one using CSS and making the position to absolute. <div id="tproduct" class="timage" style="z-index: 30; background-image: url('main-mask.png') ;"></div> <div id="tdesign1" class="timage" style="z-index: 20; background-image: url('design1.png');"></div> <div id="tdesign2" class="timage" style="z-index: 20; background-image: url('design2.png');"></div> <div id="tmaincolor" class="timage" style="background-color:blue;"></div> <div id="tembellishment" class="timage" style="z-index: 10; background-image: url('flower.png');"></div> If we look at separately it will look like this below. etc My question is how can I create a single image using above set of divs and images? I can use PHP or jQuery? I only want the steps or guidance how it should be done. Thanks

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• How to Display a Bmp in a RTF control in VB.net

  - by Gerolkae

  I Started with this C# Question I'm trying to Display a bmp image inside a rtf Box for a Bot program I'm making. This function is supposed to convert a bitmap to rtf code whis is inserted to another rtf formatter srtring with additional text. Kind of like Smilies being used in a chat program. For some reason the output of this function gets rejected by the RTF Box and Vanishes completly. I'm not sure if it the way I'm converting the bmp to a Binary string or if its tied in with the header tags 'returns the RTF string representation of our picture Public Shared Function PictureToRTF(ByVal Bmp As Bitmap) As String Dim stream As New MemoryStream() Bmp.Save(stream, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Bmp) Dim bytes As Byte() = stream.ToArray() Dim str As String = BitConverter.ToString(bytes, 0).Replace("-", String.Empty) 'header to string we want to insert Using g As Graphics = Main.CreateGraphics() xDpi = g.DpiX yDpi = g.DpiY End Using Dim _rtf As New StringBuilder() ' Calculate the current width of the image in (0.01)mm Dim picw As Integer = CInt(Math.Round((Bmp.Width / xDpi) * HMM_PER_INCH)) ' Calculate the current height of the image in (0.01)mm Dim pich As Integer = CInt(Math.Round((Bmp.Height / yDpi) * HMM_PER_INCH)) ' Calculate the target width of the image in twips Dim picwgoal As Integer = CInt(Math.Round((Bmp.Width / xDpi) * TWIPS_PER_INCH)) ' Calculate the target height of the image in twips Dim pichgoal As Integer = CInt(Math.Round((Bmp.Height / yDpi) * TWIPS_PER_INCH)) ' Append values to RTF string _rtf.Append("{\pict\wbitmap0") _rtf.Append("\picw") _rtf.Append(Bmp.Width.ToString) ' _rtf.Append(picw.ToString) _rtf.Append("\pich") _rtf.Append(Bmp.Height.ToString) ' _rtf.Append(pich.ToString) _rtf.Append("\wbmbitspixel24\wbmplanes1") _rtf.Append("\wbmwidthbytes40") _rtf.Append("\picwgoal") _rtf.Append(picwgoal.ToString) _rtf.Append("\pichgoal") _rtf.Append(pichgoal.ToString) _rtf.Append("\bin ") _rtf.Append(str.ToLower & "}") Return _rtf.ToString End Function

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• SQL View with Data from two tables

  - by Alex

  Hello! I can't seem to crack this - I have two tables (Persons and Companies), and I'm trying to create a view that: 1) shows all persons 2) also returns companies by themselves once, regardless of how many persons are related to it 3) orders by name across both tables To clarify, some sample data: (Table: Companies) Id Name 1 Banana 2 ABC Inc. 3 Microsoft 4 Bigwig (Table: Persons) Id Name RelatedCompanyId 1 Joe Smith 3 2 Justin 3 Paul Rudd 4 4 Anjolie 5 Dustin 4 The output I'm looking for is something like this: Name PersonName CompanyName RelatedCompanyId ABC Inc. NULL ABC Inc. NULL Anjolie Anjolie NULL NULL Banana NULL Banana NULL Bigwig NULL Bigwig NULL Dustin Dustin Bigwig 4 Joe Smith Joe Smith Microsoft 3 Justin Justin NULL NULL Microsoft NULL Microsoft NULL Paul Rudd Paul Rudd Bigwig 4 As you can see, the new "Name" column is ordered across both tables (the company names appear correctly in between the person names), and each company appears exactly once, regardless of how many people are related to it. Can this even be done in SQL?! P.S. I'm trying to create a view so I can use this later for easy data retrieval, fulltext indexing and make the programming side simpler by just querying the view.

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• Maven webapp with Eclipse and WTP plugin deploy files in stranges ways in Tomcat

  - by hokkos

  Hi, I use Eclipse J2EE 3.5 with Maven and tomcat. To deploy my maven webapp with WTP I added a Dynamic Web Module facet and changed the "org.eclipse.wst.common.component" file of the project because the webapp is not in a WebContent directory, here is the content of the file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project-modules id="moduleCoreId" project-version="1.5.0"> <wb-module deploy-name="tkey-ca-web"> <wb-resource deploy-path="/" source-path="/src/main/webapp"/> <wb-resource deploy-path="/WEB-INF/classes" source-path="/src/main/java"/> <wb-resource deploy-path="/WEB-INF/classes" source-path="/src/main/resources"/> <property name="context-root" value="toto"/> <property name="java-output-path" value="/toto/target/classes"/> </wb-module> </project-modules> But it never deploy the content correctly, in "workspace.metadata.plugins\org.eclipse.wst.server.core\tmp1\wtpwebapps\toto\" the directory structure is correct with WEB-INF and META-INF but empty, the jsp, html, css files are in "workspace.metadata.plugins\org.eclipse.wst.server.core\tmp1\wtpwebapps\toto\WEB-INF\classes\" with another WEB-INF and META-INF structure but with the files. I don't understand this at all, thanks.

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• Qmake does not specify a valid qt

  - by Comptrol

  After installing Qt SDK for Open Source C++ development on Mac OS by following the respective steps Note for the binary package: If you have the binary package, simply double-click on the Qt.mpkg and follow the instructions to install Qt. . Yes, that is all I have done to install Qt on MacOsX. Everything was going fine, until I run a sample application, of which compile output resulted in: No valid Qt version set. Set one in Preferences Error while building project qtilk When executing build step 'QMake' Canceled build. Then I tried to change the respective Qt version in Preferences and I hovered over the Path, I realized my mkspec isn't set: Then I tried querying qmake by qmake -query : QT_INSTALL_PREFIX:/ QT_INSTALL_DATA:/usr/local/Qt4.6 QT_INSTALL_DOCS:/Developer/Documentation/Qt QT_INSTALL_HEADERS:/usr/include QT_INSTALL_LIBS:/Library/Frameworks QT_INSTALL_BINS:/Developer/Tools/Qt QT_INSTALL_PLUGINS:/Developer/Applications/Qt/plugins QT_INSTALL_TRANSLATIONS:/Developer/Applications/Qt/translations QT_INSTALL_CONFIGURATION:/Library/Preferences/Qt QT_INSTALL_EXAMPLES:/Developer/Examples/Qt/ QT_INSTALL_DEMOS:/Developer/Examples/Qt/Demos QMAKE_MKSPECS:/usr/local/Qt4.6/mkspecs QMAKE_VERSION:2.01a QT_VERSION:4.6.2 QMAKE_MKSPECS seems to be set here?? Will setting my mkspec solve my building problem? I tried setting by typing export mkspec=macx-g++. Still, mkspec seems not to be set to anything. I am all ears waiting for your answers. Thanks in advance.

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• Embedding Perl Interpreter

  - by cam

  Hi, just downloaded ActivePerl. I want to embed the perl interpreter in a C# application (or at least call the perl interpreter from C#). I need to be able to send send out data to Perl from C#, then receive the output back into C#. I just installed ActivePerl, and added MS Script Control 1.0 as a reference. I found this code on the internet, but am having trouble getting it to work. MSScriptControl.ScriptControlClass Interpreter = new MSScriptControl.ScriptControlClass(); Interpreter.Language = @"ActivePerl"; string Program = @"reverse 'abcde'"; string Results = (string)Interpreter.Eval(Program); return Results; Originally, it had 'PerlScript' instead of 'ActivePerl', but neither work for me. I'm not entirely sure what Interpreter.Language expects. Does it require the path to the interpreter? Solved... I'm not sure how, but when I changed it back to PerlScript it works now. Still, I would like to know if MSScript Control is using ActivePerl or another interpreter.

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• Why does Clojure hang after hacing performed my calculations?

  - by Thomas

  Hi all, I'm experimenting with filtering through elements in parallel. For each element, I need to perform a distance calculation to see if it is close enough to a target point. Never mind that data structures already exist for doing this, I'm just doing initial experiments for now. Anyway, I wanted to run some very basic experiments where I generate random vectors and filter them. Here's my implementation that does all of this (defn pfilter [pred coll] (map second (filter first (pmap (fn [item] [(pred item) item]) coll)))) (defn random-n-vector [n] (take n (repeatedly rand))) (defn distance [u v] (Math/sqrt (reduce + (map #(Math/pow (- %1 %2) 2) u v)))) (defn -main [& args] (let [[n-str vectors-str threshold-str] args n (Integer/parseInt n-str) vectors (Integer/parseInt vectors-str) threshold (Double/parseDouble threshold-str) random-vector (partial random-n-vector n) u (random-vector)] (time (println n vectors (count (pfilter (fn [v] (< (distance u v) threshold)) (take vectors (repeatedly random-vector)))))))) The code executes and returns what I expect, that is the parameter n (length of vectors), vectors (the number of vectors) and the number of vectors that are closer than a threshold to the target vector. What I don't understand is why the programs hangs for an additional minute before terminating. Here is the output of a run which demonstrates the error $ time lein run 10 100000 1.0 [null] 10 100000 12283 [null] "Elapsed time: 3300.856 msecs" real 1m6.336s user 0m7.204s sys 0m1.495s Any comments on how to filter in parallel in general are also more than welcome, as I haven't yet confirmed that pfilter actually works.

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• Matching a Repeating Sub Series using a Regular Expression with PowerShell

  - by Hinch

  I have a text file that lists the names of a large number of Excel spreadsheets, and the names of the files that are linked to from the spreadsheets. In simplified form it looks like this: "Parent File1.xls" Link: ChildFileA.xls Link: ChildFileB.xls "ParentFile2.xls" "ParentFile3.xls" Blah Link: ChildFileC.xls Link: ChildFileD.xls More Junk Link: ChildFileE.xls "Parent File4.xls" Link: ChildFileF.xls In this example, ParentFile1.xls has embedded links to ChildFileA.xls and ChildFileB.xls, ParentFile2.xls has no embedded links, and ParentFile3.xls has 3 embedded links. I am trying to write a regular expression in PowerShell that will parse the text file producing output in the following form: ParentFile1.xls:ChildFileA.xls,ChildFileB.xls ParentFile3.xls:ChildFileC.xls,ChildFileD.xls,ChildFileE.xls etc The task is complicated by the fact that the text file contains a lot of junk between each of the lines, and a parent may not always have a child. Furthermore, a single file name may pass over multiple lines. However, it's not as bad as it sounds, as the parent and child file names are always clearly demarcated (the parent with quotes and the child with a prefix of Link: ). The PowerShell code I've been using is as follows: $content = [string]::Join([environment]::NewLine, (Get-Content C:\Temp\text.txt)) $regex = [regex]'(?im)\s*\"(.*)\r?\n?\s*(.*)\"[\s\S]*?Link: (.*)\r?\n?' $regex.Matches($content) | %{$_.Groups[1].Value + $_.Groups[2].Value + ":" + $_.Groups[3].Value} Using the example above, it outputs: ParentFile1.xls:ChildFileA.xls ParentFile2.xls""ParentFile3.xls:ChildFileC.xls ParentFile4.xls:ChildFileF.xls There are two issues. Firstly, the inclusion of the "" instead of a newline whenever a Parent without a Child is processed. And the second issue, which is the most important, is that only a single child is ever shown for each parent. I'm guessing I need to somehow recursively capture and display the multiple child links that exist for each parent, but I'm totally stumped as to how to do this with a regular expression. Amy help would be greatly appreciated. The file contains 100's of thousands of lines, and manual processing is not an option :)

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• Beginner python - stuck in a loop

  - by Jeremy

  I have two begininer programs, both using the 'while' function, one works correctly, and the other gets me stuck in a loop. The first program is this; num=54 bob = True print('The guess a number Game!') while bob == True: guess = int(input('What is your guess? ')) if guess==num: print('wow! You\'re awesome!') print('but don\'t worry, you still suck') bob = False elif guess>num: print('try a lower number') else: print('close, but too low') print('game over')`` and it gives the predictable output of; The guess a number Game! What is your guess? 12 close, but too low What is your guess? 56 try a lower number What is your guess? 54 wow! You're awesome! but don't worry, you still suck game over However, I also have this program, which doesn't work; #define vars a = int(input('Please insert a number: ')) b = int(input('Please insert a second number: ')) #try a function def func_tim(a,b): bob = True while bob == True: if a == b: print('nice and equal') bob = False elif b > a: print('b is picking on a!') else: print('a is picking on b!') #call a function func_tim(a,b) Which outputs; Please insert a number: 12 Please insert a second number: 14 b is picking on a! b is picking on a! b is picking on a! ...(repeat in a loop).... Can someone please let me know why these programs are different? Thank you!

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• Data in linux FIFO seems lost

  - by Utoah

  Hi, I have a bash script which wants to do some work in parallel, I did this by putting each job in an subshell which is run in the background. While the number of job running simultaneously should under some limit, I achieve this by first put some lines in a FIFO, then just before forking the subshell, the parent script is required to read a line from this FIFO. Only after it gets a line can it fork the subshell. Up to now, everything works fine. But when I tried to read a line from the FIFO in the subshell, it seems that only one subshell can get a line, even if there are apparently more lines in the FIFO. So I wonder why cannot other subshell(s) read a line even when there are more lines in the FIFO. My testing code looks something like this: #!/bin/sh fifo_path="/tmp/fy_u_test2.fifo" mkfifo $fifo_path #open fifo for r/w at fd 6 exec 6 $fifo_path process_num=5 #put $process_num lines in the FIFO for ((i=0; i<${process_num}; i++)); do echo "$i" done &6 delay_some(){ local index="$1" echo "This is what u can see. $index \n" sleep 20; } #In each iteration, try to read 2 lines from FIFO, one from this shell, #the other from the subshell for i in 1 2 do date /tmp/fy_date #If a line can be read from FIFO, run a subshell in bk, otherwise, block. read -u6 echo " $$ Read --- $REPLY --- from 6 \n" /tmp/fy_date { delay_some $i #Try to read a line from FIFO read -u6 echo " $$ This is in child # $i, read --- $REPLY --- from 6 \n" /tmp/fy_date } & done And the output file /tmp/fy_date has content of: Mon Apr 26 16:02:18 CST 2010 32561 Read --- 0 --- from 6 \n Mon Apr 26 16:02:18 CST 2010 32561 Read --- 1 --- from 6 \n 32561 This is in child # 1, read --- 2 --- from 6 \n

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• Problems running Ruby on Rails apps on shared hosted server

  - by Evgeny

  I have problems installing any Ruby On Rails app on my shared hosted server. Mongrel shows html as plain text for all pages. The problem occurs for any app, even if I create a test empty app and add a scaffolded view without changing anything. It appears that the Mongrel crashes when trying to put cookies to the response header. The HTTP header looks incomplete, the Content-type and other parameters are missing: curl 127.0.0.1:12002/users -I HTTP/1.1 200 OK Connection: close Date: Wed, 26 May 2010 09:46:50 GMT Content-Length: 0 Here is the output from mongrel.log Error calling Dispatcher.dispatch #<NoMethodError: You have a nil object when you didn't expect it! You might have expected an instance of ActiveRecord::Base. The error occurred while evaluating nil.[]> /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/bin/../lib/mongrel/cgi.rb:108:in `send_cookies' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/bin/../lib/mongrel/cgi.rb:136:in `out' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/mongrel-1.1.5/bin/../lib/mongrel/http_response.rb:65:in `start' ruby 1.8.7 rails 2.3.8 mongrel 1.1.5 Here is the link to the test page. Has anyone seen anything like this?

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• 'strcpy' error and warning

  - by Leejo

  I'm getting a 'strcpy' error and warning for the following lines: _tcscpy(strCommandLine,_T("MyProgram.exe /param1")); _tcscpy(strApplicationName,_T("MyProgram.exe")); Not sure why I'm getting a 'strcpy' error or warning since I'm not using 'strcpy'. The only lines related to this is: LPCTSTR strApplicationName; LPTSTR strCommandLine; _tcscpy(strCommandLine,_T("MyProgram.exe /param1")); //warning is on this line _tcscpy(strApplicationName,_T("MyProgram.exe")); //error is on this line The output is: 1c:\documents and settings\X.X\my documents\sandbox\sample.cpp(52) : warning C4996: 'strcpy': This function or variable may be unsafe. Consider using strcpy_s instead. To disable deprecation, use _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See online help for details. 1 c:\program files\microsoft visual studio 8\vc\include\string.h(74) : see declaration of 'strcpy' 1c:\documents and settings\X.X\my documents\sandbox\sample.cpp(53) : error C2664: 'strcpy' : cannot convert parameter 1 from 'LPCTSTR' to 'char *' 1 Conversion loses qualifiers Any ideas on what this could means? These are my headers: iostream windows.h stdio.h tchar.h winnt.h

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• Python, dictionaries, and chi-square contingency table

  - by rohanbk

  I have a file which contains several lines in the following format (word, time that the word occurred in, and frequency of documents containing the given word within the given instance in time): #inputfile <word, time, frequency> apple, 1, 3 banana, 1, 2 apple, 2, 1 banana, 2, 4 orange, 3, 1 I have Python class below that I used to create 2-D dictionaries to store the above file using as the key, and frequency as the value: class Ddict(dict): ''' 2D dictionary class ''' def __init__(self, default=None): self.default = default def __getitem__(self, key): if not self.has_key(key): self[key] = self.default() return dict.__getitem__(self, key) wordtime=Ddict(dict) # Store each inputfile entry with a <word,time> key timeword=Ddict(dict) # Store each inputfile entry with a <time,word> key # Loop over every line of the inputfile for line in open('inputfile'): word,time,count=line.split(',') # If <word,time> already a key, increment count try: wordtime[word][time]+=count # Otherwise, create the key except KeyError: wordtime[word][time]=count # If <time,word> already a key, increment count try: timeword[time][word]+=count # Otherwise, create the key except KeyError: timeword[time][word]=count The question that I have pertains to calculating certain things while iterating over the entries in this 2D dictionary. For each word 'w' at each time 't', calculate: The number of documents with word 'w' within time 't'. (a) The number of documents without word 'w' within time 't'. (b) The number of documents with word 'w' outside time 't'. (c) The number of documents without word 'w' outside time 't'. (d) Each of the items above represents one of the cells of a chi-square contingency table for each word and time. Can all of these be calculated within a single loop or do they need to be done one at a time? Ideally, I would like the output to be what's below, where a,b,c,d are all the items calculated above: print "%s, %s, %s, %s" %(a,b,c,d)

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