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• Mocking attributes - C#

  - by bob

  I use custom Attributes in a project and I would like to integrate them in my unit-tests. Now I use Rhino Mocks to create my mocks but I don't see a way to add my attributes (and there parameters) to them. Did I miss something, or is it not possible? Other mocking framework? Or do I have to create dummy implementations with my attributes? example: I have an interface in a plugin-architecture (IPlugin) and there is an attribute to add meta info to a property. Then I look for properties with this attribute in the plugin implementation for extra processing (storing its value, mark as gui read-only...) Now when I create a mock can I add easily an attribute to a property or the object instance itself? EDIT: I found a post with the same question - link. The answer there is not 100% and it is Java... EDIT 2: It can be done... searched some more (on SO) and found 2 related questions (+ answers) here and here Now, is this already implemented in one or another mocking framework?

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• What is Ruby's analog to Python Metaclasses?

  - by Sean Copenhaver

  Python has the idea of metaclasses that, if I understand correctly, allow you to modify an object of a class at the moment of construction. You are not modifying the class, but instead the object that is to be created then initialized. Python (at least as of 3.0 I believe) also has the idea of class decorators. Again if I understand correctly, class decorators allow the modifying of the class definition at the moment it is being declared. Now I believe there is an equivalent feature or features to the class decorator in Ruby, but I'm currently unaware of something equivalent to metaclasses. I'm sure you can easily pump any Ruby object through some functions and do what you will to it, but is there a feature in the language that sets that up like metaclasses do? So again, Does Ruby have something similar to Python's metaclasses? Edit I was off on the metaclasses for Python. A metaclass and a class decorator do very similar things it appears. They both modify the class when it is defined but in different manners. Hopefully a Python guru will come in and explain better on these features in Python. But a class or the parent of a class can implement a __new__(cls[,..]) function that does customize the construction of the object before it is initialized with __init__(self[,..]).

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• Elegantly handling constraint violations in EJB/JPA environment?

  - by hallidave

  I'm working with EJB and JPA on a Glassfish v3 app server. I have an Entity class where I'm forcing one of the fields to be unique with a @Column annotation. @Entity public class MyEntity implements Serializable { private String uniqueName; public MyEntity() { } @Column(unique = true, nullable = false) public String getUniqueName() { return uniqueName; } public void setUniqueName(String uniqueName) { this.uniqueName = uniqueName; } } When I try to persist an object with this field set to a non-unique value I get an exception (as expected) when the transaction managed by the EJB container commits. I have two problems I'd like to solve: 1) The exception I get is the unhelpful "javax.ejb.EJBException: Transaction aborted". If I recursively call getCause() enough times, I eventually reach the more useful "java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException", but this exception is part of the EclipseLink implementation and I'm not really comfortable relying on it's existence. Is there a better way to get detailed error information with JPA? 2) The EJB container insists on logging this error even though I catch it and handle it. Is there a better way to handle this error which will stop Glassfish from cluttering up my logs with useless exception information? Thanks.

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• How can I improve this design?

  - by klausbyskov

  Let's assume that our system can perform actions, and that an action requires some parameters to do its work. I have defined the following base class for all actions (simplified for your reading pleasure): public abstract class BaseBusinessAction<TActionParameters> : where TActionParameters : IActionParameters { protected BaseBusinessAction(TActionParameters actionParameters) { if (actionParameters == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("actionParameters"); this.Parameters = actionParameters; if (!ParametersAreValid()) throw new ArgumentException("Valid parameters must be supplied", "actionParameters"); } protected TActionParameters Parameters { get; private set; } protected abstract bool ParametersAreValid(); public void CommonMethod() { ... } } Only a concrete implementation of BaseBusinessAction knows how to validate that the parameters passed to it are valid, and therefore the ParametersAreValid is an abstract function. However, I want the base class constructor to enforce that the parameters passed are always valid, so I've added a call to ParametersAreValid to the constructor and I throw an exception when the function returns false. So far so good, right? Well, no. Code analysis is telling me to "not call overridable methods in constructors" which actually makes a lot of sense because when the base class's constructor is called the child class's constructor has not yet been called, and therefore the ParametersAreValid method may not have access to some critical member variable that the child class's constructor would set. So the question is this: How do I improve this design? Do I add a Func<bool, TActionParameters> parameter to the base class constructor? If I did: public class MyAction<MyParameters> { public MyAction(MyParameters actionParameters, bool something) : base(actionParameters, ValidateIt) { this.something = something; } private bool something; public static bool ValidateIt() { return something; } } This would work because ValidateIt is static, but I don't know... Is there a better way? Comments are very welcome.

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• Dependency Injection and decoupling of software layers

  - by cs31415

  I am trying to implement Dependency Injection to make my app tester friendly. I have a rather basic doubt. Data layer uses SqlConnection object to connect to a SQL server database. SqlConnection object is a dependency for data access layer. In accordance with the laws of dependency injection, we must not new() dependent objects, but rather accept them through constructor arguments. Not wanting to upset the DI gods, I dutifully create a constructor in my DAL that takes in SqlConnection. Business layer calls DAL. Business layer must therefore, pass in SqlConnection. Presentation layer calls Business layer. Hence it too, must pass in SqlConnection to business layer. This is great for class isolation and testability. But didn't we just couple the UI and Business layers to a specific implementation of the data layer which happens to use a relational database? Why do the Presentation and Business layers need to know that the underlying data store is SQL? What if the app needs to support multiple data sources other than SQL server (such as XML files, Comma delimited files etc.) Furthermore, what if I add another object upon which my data layer is dependent on (say, a second database). Now, I have to modify the upper layers to pass in this new object. How can I avoid this merry-go-round and reap all the benefits of DI without the pain?

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• cross-platform scripting for windows, Linux, MacOS X

  - by karolrvn

  Hi. I'm looking for cross-platform scripting (language) for windows, Linux, MacOS X. I'm tired of .bat / bash . I would like to do things like for example ,,lock workstation'' at automatic login (I had this in X-Window but the solution was pretty ugly; now, I would like that on MS Windows and not that ugly :-) ). Generally: automate tasks. Or would I be better off with Windows Scripting Host? PowerShell also comes to mind, but that's seems to Windows-only for my taste. Can languages like Python, Ruby, (Java?) interact (elegantly? sensibly?) with WSH? Also things like DBUS, DCOM, etc come to mind as part of the picture. Currently I use a mixture of Java, .bat, bash, Ruby, Scala; some VBA for Excel. Which sometimes gets pretty ugly. I would like a cross-platform general solution with/using ,,native'' parts close to OS-specifics. Like e.g. Ruby driving some Windows-specific stuff (just a guess). What do You use? TIA

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• Detecting UITableView scrolling

  - by Xeph

  Hi I've subclassed UITableView (as KRTableView) and implemented the four touch-based methods (touchesBegan, touchesEnded, touchesMoved, and touchesCancelled) so that I can detect when a touch-based event is being handled on a UITableView. Essentially what I need to detect is when the UITableView is scrolling up or down. However, subclassing UITableView and creating the above methods only detects when scrolling or finger movement is occuring within a UITableViewCell, not on the entire UITableView. As soon as my finger is moved onto the next cell, the touch events don't do anything. This is how I'm subclassing UITableView: #import "KRTableView.h" @implementation KRTableView - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesBegan:touches withEvent:event]; NSLog(@"touches began..."); } - (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesMoved:touches withEvent:event]; NSLog(@"touchesMoved occured"); } - (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet*)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesCancelled:touches withEvent:event]; NSLog(@"touchesCancelled occured"); } - (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { [super touchesEnded:touches withEvent:event]; NSLog(@"A tap was detected on KRTableView"); } @end How can I detect when the UITableView is scrolling up or down?

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• Problem consuming Exchange Web Service 2010 with jax-ws metro

  - by Johan Karlberg

  I am trying to consume the Exchange 2010 Web Service interface using JAX-WS. I'm using JAX-WS 2.2 RI (Metro 2.0). 2.1 exhibited the same problem. I am running into trouble with Exchange, which returns "HTTP/1.1 415 Cannot process the message because the content type 'text/xml;charset=utf-8' was not the expected type 'text/xml; charset=utf-8'." as a reponse (2.1 quoted the charset value, otherwise same response). Apparently I need to dictate the exact Content-type header for Exchange to be happy. Is there a way for me to do this without forcing me to manually rebuild the dependency? I currently rely on published maven artifacts, and would like to continue doing this if at all possible. The consuming process is a regular J2SE app, with no containers in sight. I have control of the application and can add pretty much anything required to the applications scope, but can not add out-of-process items like proxy servers. The client classes were generated from local WSDL, but the charset specification is derived from constants declared in the jaxws RI implementation, not the generated code. The resulting HTTP transport is thus handled by the standard http/https client from Sun JRE5 or JRE6.

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• youtube embeded player: change video link with javascript, dinamically

  - by Anthony Koval'

  here is a part of html code (video urls marked with a django-template language variables): <div class="mainPlayer"> <object width="580" height="326"> <param name="movie" value="{{main_video.video_url}}"></param> <param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param> <param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param> <embed src="{{main_video.video_url}}" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="580" height="326"></embed> </object> </div> and JS-code (using jQuery 1.4.x) $(document).ready(function(){ ..... $(".activeMovie img").live("click", function(){ video_url = ($(this).parent().find('input').val()); $('.mainPlayer').find('param:eq(0)').val(video_url); $('.mainPlayer').find('embed').attr('src', video_url); }) ... }) such a algorithm works fine in ff 3.6.3, but any luck in chrome4 or opera 10.x., src and value are changed, but youtube player still shows an old video.

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• "do it all" page structure and things to watch out for?

  - by Andrew Heath

  I'm still getting my feet wet in PHP (my 1st language) and I've reached the competency level where I can code one page that handles all sorts of different related requests. They generally have a structure like this: (psuedo code) <?php include 'include/functions.php'; IF authorized IF submit (add data) ELSE IF update (update data) ELSE IF list (show special data) ELSE IF tab switch (show new area) ELSE display vanilla (show default) ELSE "must be registered/logged-in" ?> <HTML> // snip <?php echo $output; ?> // snip </HTML> and it all works nicely, and quite quickly which is cool. But I'm still sorta feeling my way in the dark... and would like some input from the pros regarding this type of page design... is it a good long-term structure? (it seems easily expanded...) are there security risks particular to this design? are there corners I should avoid painting myself into? Just curious about what lies ahead, really...

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• What should a developer know before building a public web site?

  - by Joel Coehoorn

  What things should a programmer implementing the technical details of a web site address before making the site public? If Jeff Atwood can forget about HttpOnly cookies, sitemaps, and cross-site request forgeries all in the same site, what important thing could I be forgetting as well? I'm thinking about this from a web developer's perspective, such that someone else is creating the actual design and content for the site. So while usability and content may be more important than the platform, you the programmer have little say in that. What you do need to worry about is that your implementation of the platform is stable, performs well, is secure, and meets any other business goals (like not cost too much, take too long to build, and rank as well with Google as the content supports). Think of this from the perspective of a developer who's done some work for intranet-type applications in a fairly trusted environment, and is about to have his first shot and putting out a potentially popular site for the entire big bad world wide web. Also: I'm looking for something more specific than just a vague "web standards" response. I mean, HTML, JavaScript, and CSS over HTTP are pretty much a given, especially when I've already specified that you're a professional web developer. So going beyond that, Which standards? In what circumstances, and why? Provide a link to the standard's specification. This question is community wiki, so please feel free to edit that answer to add links to good articles that will help explain or teach each particular point.

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• Override ActiveRecord#save, Method Alias? Trying to mixin functionality into save method...

  - by viatropos

  Here's the situation: I have a User model, and two modules for authentication: Oauth and Openid. Both of them override ActiveRecord#save, and have a fair share of implementation logic. Given that I can tell when the user is trying to login via Oauth vs. Openid, but that both of them have overridden save, how do "finally" override save such that I can conditionally call one of the modules' implementations of it? Here is the base structure of what I'm describing: module UsesOauth def self.included(base) base.class_eval do def save puts "Saving with Oauth!" end def save_with_oauth save end end end end module UsesOpenid def self.included(base) base.class_eval do def save puts "Saving with OpenID!" end def save_with_openid save end end end end module Sequencer def save if using_oauth? save_with_oauth elsif using_openid? save_with_openid else super end end end class User < ActiveRecord::Base include UsesOauth include UsesOpenid include Sequencer end I was thinking about using alias_method like so, but that got too complicated, because I might have 1 or 2 more similar modules. I also tried using those save_with_oauth methods (shown above), which almost works. The only thing that's missing is that I also need to call ActiveRecord::Base#save (the super method), so something like this: def save_with_oauth # do this and that super.save # the rest end But I'm not allowed to do that in ruby. Any ideas for a clever solution to this?

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• Random point on VideoDisplay isn't accurate enough

  - by Mike

  For a schoolassigment me and some buddies of mine are creating an application that is showing many similarities with the C-Mon & Kypski musicvideo on www.oneframeoffame.com. The application is being developed in Flex. We want to get a random point of a clip, let it pause so a user can mimic the pose and make a snapshot out of it. What i managed to do is get a random point of the movie. I did this by getting a random value between 0 and de total duration of the movie. But what i didn't managed to do is let the screen pause on every 24st of a frame. As the movie concist out of 24FPS. It looks like the the random value of the movie that is being requested is being rounded by the movie itself. As example: There appears to be no difference between the frames requested at 2.40 or 2.41. It appears it got something to do with keyframing i've read on the Adobe® Flex™ 3.5 Language Reference. The movie is a FLV file and i use the VideoDisplay object to display the movie. Does someone is familiar with this or knows a solution to my problem? Thanks in advance

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• Neural Network with softmax activation

  - by Cambium

  This is more or less a research project for a course, and my understanding of NN is very/fairly limited, so please be patient :) ============== I am currently in the process of building a neural network that attempts to examine an input dataset and output the probability/likelihood of each classification (there are 5 different classifications). Naturally, the sum of all output nodes should add up to 1. Currently, I have two layers, and I set the hidden layer to contain 10 nodes. I came up with two different types of implementations 1) Logistic sigmoid for hidden layer activation, softmax for output activation 2) Softmax for both hidden layer and output activation I am using gradient descent to find local maximums in order to adjust the hidden nodes' weights and the output nodes' weights. I am certain in that I have this correct for sigmoid. I am less certain with softmax (or whether I can use gradient descent at all), after a bit of researching, I couldn't find the answer and decided to compute the derivative myself and obtained softmax'(x) = softmax(x) - softmax(x)^2 (this returns an column vector of size n). I have also looked into the MATLAB NN toolkit, the derivative of softmax provided by the toolkit returned a square matrix of size nxn, where the diagonal coincides with the softmax'(x) that I calculated by hand; and I am not sure how to interpret the output matrix. I ran each implementation with a learning rate of 0.001 and 1000 iterations of back propagation. However, my NN returns 0.2 (an even distribution) for all five output nodes, for any subset of the input dataset. My conclusions: o I am fairly certain that my gradient of descent is incorrectly done, but I have no idea how to fix this. o Perhaps I am not using enough hidden nodes o Perhaps I should increase the number of layers Any help would be greatly appreciated! The dataset I am working with can be found here (processed Cleveland): http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Heart+Disease

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• Ordered delivery with NetNamedPipeBinding using oneWay calls

  - by Aseem Bansal

  Is it possible to guarantee ordered delivery with oneWay calls using namedPipe binding? I have a WCF service/client communicating using namedPipe binding. The client is exposing a callback contract in which all the methods in the callback are marked as OneWay. Something like this [ServiceContract(CallbackContract = typeof(IMyServiceCallback))] public interface IMyService { [OperationContract] void MyOperation(); } public interface IMyServiceCallback { [OperationContract(IsOneWay=true)] void MyCallback1(); [OperationContract(IsOneWay=true)] void MyCallback2(); } At the server side, the implementation of MyOperation method always calls MyCallback1 first and then MyCallback2 but I am observing that sometimes the client receives the calls in the incorrect order (MyCallback2 first and then MyCallback1). On searching the internet I found that the order is not guaranteed with oneway operation as mentioned here and also there is something called reliableSession which ensure message ordering. All the examples on the internet for reliable session are with TCP binding (and not a single one with NamedPipeBinding) and the tcpBinding also has a property called ReliableSession which is not present on the NetNamedPipeBinding. So I am not sure whether reliable session is expected to work with NetNamedPipeBinding or not. Question: Does reliable session work with namedPipeBinding? If yes, how? If no, Is there any other approach with which I can guarantee ordered delivery?

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• How do I select a row in a table based on what ddl option is selected MVC?

  - by user54197

  I have a table with a few rows of data. I would like to display a row based on what option is selected on the ddl. how do I do that? <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript"> function optionSelected() { alert('HELP!!'); } </script> ... <select id="optionSelect" onchange="optionSelected()"> <option id="1">1</option> <option id="2">2</option> <option id="3">3</option> </select> <br /> <table id="optionList"> <tr><td id="1">Option 1 Selected</td></tr> <tr><td id="2">Option 2 Selected</td></tr> <tr><td id="3">Option 3 Selected</td></tr> </table>

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• Webbased data modelling and management tool

  - by pixeldude

  Is there a web-based tool available, where I am able to... ...define data models (like in a database admin tool) ...fill in data (in custom web forms, not too generic) with basic features like completion ...import data from CSV oder Excel Sheets ...export data to CSV or SQL ...create snapshots of my data models (versions, diff, etc.) ...share my data models ...discuss/collaborate with other people about my data models Well, I can develop something like this in PHP or with Ruby or whatever. But this is such a common task, where the application support could be a lot better. And it would be language and database independent. This would help to maintain data models in different versions and you can maybe share your data models with others, extend it with your team members, etc. There is a website called FreeBase, which allows you to define a data entity model and fill in data, which also has export features, but I need to define my own data model with my own granularity and structure. And it should not be shared in public if I don't want to. How do you solve problems like this yourself?

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• Normalize whitespace and other plain-text formatting routines

  - by dreftymac

  Background: The language is JavaScript. The goal is to find a library or pre-existing code to do low-level plain-text formatting. I can write it myself, but why re-invent the wheel. The issue is: it is tough to determine if a "wheel" is out there, since any search for JavaScript libraries pulls up an ocean of HTML-centric stuff. I am not interested in HTML necessarily, just text. Example: I need a JavaScript function that changes this: BEFORE: nisi ut aliquip | ex ea commodo consequat duis |aute irure dolor in esse cillum dolore | eu fugiat nulla pariatur |excepteur sint occa in culpa qui | officia deserunt mollit anim id |est laborum ... into this ... AFTER: nisi ut aliquip | ex ea commodo consequat duis | aute irure dolor in esse cillum dolore | eu fugiat nulla pariatur | excepteur sint occa in culpa qui | officia deserunt mollit anim id | est laborum Question: Does it exist, a JavaScript library that is non-html-web-development-centric that has functions for normalizing spaces in delimited plain text, justifying and spacing plain text? Rationale: Investigating JavaScript for use in a programmer's text editor.

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• WCF Callback Contract InvalidOperationException: Collection has been modified

  - by mrlane

  We are using a WCF service with a Callback contract. Communication is Asynchronous. The service contract is defined as: [ServiceContract(Namespace = "Silverlight", CallbackContract = typeof(ISessionClient),SessionMode = SessionMode.Allowed)] public interface ISessionService With a method: [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true)] void Send(Message message); The callback contract is defined as [ServiceContract] public interface ISessionClient With methods: [OperationContract(IsOneWay = true, AsyncPattern = true)] IAsyncResult BeginSend(Message message, AsyncCallback callback, object state); void EndSend(IAsyncResult result); The implementation of BeginSend and EndSend in the callback channel are as follows: public void Send(ActionMessage actionMessage) { Message message = Message.CreateMessage(_messageVersion, CommsSettings.SOAPActionReceive, actionMessage, _messageSerializer); lock (LO_backChannel) { try { _backChannel.BeginSend(message, OnSendComplete, null); } catch (Exception ex) { _hasFaulted = true; } } } private void OnSendComplete(IAsyncResult asyncResult) { lock (LO_backChannel) { try { _backChannel.EndSend(asyncResult); } catch (Exception ex) { _hasFaulted = true; } } } We are getting an InvalidOperationException: "Collection has been modified" on _backChannel.EndSend(asyncResult) seemingly randomly, and we are really out of ideas about what is causing this. I understand what the exception means, and that concurrency issues are a common cause of such exceptions (hence the locks), but it really doesn't make any sense to me in this situation. The clients of our service are Silverlight 3.0 clients using PollingDuplexHttpBinding which is the only binding available for Silverlight. We have been running fine for ages, but recently have been doing a lot of data binding, and this is when the issues started. Any help with this is appreciated as I am personally stumped at this time.

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• Good Learning Method for Objective-C?

  - by Josh Kahane

  Hi I know this must be asked a millions times and can't be easy to answer as there is o definitive method, but any help would be appreciated, thanks. I have been playing around with all sorts of things in Xcode and with Objective-C, however I can't seem to find a good way of learning things in an efficient way. I have bought the book 'Programming in Objective-C 2.0' and its great but just lays down the basics it seems. I want to learn in the 2D game development direction, then of course 3D after nailing that, if thats the right thing to do? I am 17 currently in year 13, last year of school/A Levels and am almost definitely taking a gap year. Any good, well known reputable courses online or offline (real world)? This is my first programming language, and I am absolutely serious about learning this. One last question, is when learning things online, I have in the past started building a feature and learning a certain aspect in programming only to find out after adding more its slows down the app or its to inefficient. Is the key to use a certain method in a certain situation (being os many ways to do the same thing) or use any of those methods and refine it in your app to make it run smoothly? Sorry, its hard for me to know when I have little experience, thus far. Sorry for rambling on! I would appreciate any help, thank you!

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• What Scheme Does Ghuloum Use?

  - by Don Wakefield

  I'm trying to work my way through Compilers: Backend to Frontend (and Back to Front Again) by Abdulaziz Ghuloum. It seems abbreviated from what one would expect in a full course/seminar, so I'm trying to fill in the pieces myself. For instance, I have tried to use his testing framework in the R5RS flavor of DrScheme, but it doesn't seem to like the macro stuff: src/ghuloum/tests/tests-driver.scm:6:4: read: illegal use of open square bracket I've read his intro paper on the course, An Incremental Approach to Compiler Construction, which gives a great overview of the techniques used, and mentions a couple of Schemes with features one might want to implement for 'extra credit', but he doesn't mention the Scheme he uses in the course. Update I'm still digging into the original question (investigating options such as Petit Scheme suggested by Eli below), but found an interesting link relating to Gholoum's work, so I am including it here. [Ikarus Scheme](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikarus_(Scheme_implementation)) is the actual implementation of Ghuloum's ideas, and appears to have been part of his Ph.D. work. It's supposed to be one of the first implementations of R6RS. I'm trying to install Ikarus now, but the configure script doesn't want to recognize my system's install of libgmp.so, so my problems are still unresolved. Example The following example seems to work in PLT 2.4.2 running in DrEd using the Pretty Big (require lang/plt-pretty-big) (load "/Users/donaldwakefield/ghuloum/tests/tests-driver.scm") (load "/Users/donaldwakefield/ghuloum/tests/tests-1.1-req.scm") (define (emit-program x) (unless (integer? x) (error "---")) (emit " .text") (emit " .globl scheme_entry") (emit " .type scheme_entry, @function") (emit "scheme_entry:") (emit " movl $~s, %eax" x) (emit " ret") ) Attempting to replace the require directive with #lang scheme results in the error message foo.scm:7:3: expand: unbound identifier in module in: emit which appears to be due to a failure to load tests-driver.scm. Attempting to use #lang r6rs disables the REPL, which I'd really like to use, so I'm going to try to continue with Pretty Big. My thanks to Eli Barzilay for his patient help.

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• how useful is Turing completeness? are neural nets turing complete?

  - by Albert

  While reading some papers about the Turing completeness of recurrent neural nets (for example: Turing computability with neural nets, Hava T. Siegelmann and Eduardo D. Sontag, 1991), I got the feeling that the proof which was given there was not really that practical. For example the referenced paper needs a neural network which neuron activity must be of infinity exactness (to reliable represent any rational number). Other proofs need a neural network of infinite size. Clearly, that is not really that practical. But I started to wonder now if it does make sense at all to ask for Turing completeness. By the strict definition, no computer system nowadays is Turing complete because none of them will be able to simulate the infinite tape. Interestingly, programming language specification leaves it most often open if they are turing complete or not. It all boils down to the question if they will always be able to allocate more memory and if the function call stack size is infinite. Most specification don't really specify this. Of course all available implementations are limited here, so all practical implementations of programming languages are not Turing complete. So, what you can say is that all computer systems are just equally powerful as finite state machines and not more. And that brings me to the question: How useful is the term Turing complete at all? And back to neural nets: For any practical implementation of a neural net (including our own brain), they will not be able to represent an infinite number of states, i.e. by the strict definition of Turing completeness, they are not Turing complete. So does the question if neural nets are Turing complete make sense at all? The question if they are as powerful as finite state machines was answered already much earlier (1954 by Minsky, the answer of course: yes) and also seems easier to answer. I.e., at least in theory, that was already the proof that they are as powerful as any computer.

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• How should I implement lazy session creation in PHP?

  - by Adam Franco

  By default, PHP's session handling mechanisms set a session cookie header and store a session even if there is no data in the session. If no data is set in the session then I don't want a Set-Cookie header sent to the client in the response and I don't want an empty session record stored on the server. If data is added to $_SESSION, then the normal behavior should continue. My goal is to implement lazy session creation behavior of the sort that Drupal 7 and Pressflow where no session is stored (or session cookie header sent) unless data is added to the $_SESSION array during application execution. The point of this behavior is to allow reverse proxies such as Varnish to cache and serve anonymous traffic while letting authenticated requests pass through to Apache/PHP. Varnish (or another proxy-server) is configured to pass through any requests without cookies, assuming correctly that if a cookie exists then the request is for a particular client. I have ported the session handling code from Pressflow that uses session_set_save_handler() and overrides the implementation of session_write() to check for data in the $_SESSION array before saving and will write this up as library and add an answer here if this is the best/only route to take. My Question: While I can implement a fully custom session_set_save_handler() system, is there an easier way to get this lazy session creation behavior in a relatively generic way that would be transparent to most applications?

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• How to run R through PHP with exec?

  - by dkar

  I am going to ask something, that I know that it has been asked already some times. But since, all of the past posts are quite old and none of them answer my problem..I try again. I am completely new in R language and relative new in php. What I want to do is to use the exec() function from php in order to execute a R script. Most of the people here will start talking about rapache, rserve and I don't know what else..but since I am not familiar with all these technologies, I prefer just using exec. The code I will show here is working just fine when I run it with Rscript from the terminal. # R script png("temp.png") plot(5,5) dev.off() But when I try to run it either with Rscript or with R CMD BATCH from PHP, like this: echo exec("Rscript my_rscript.R"); //OR //echo exec("R CMD BATCH my_rscript.R"); I get nothing back. I have checked if exec() function is available and if it works. Everything is ok with this. I read also, that I might have to change the permissions of the webserver...but I don't know how to do this in mamp. I hope I am clear with my problem and someone can help. Thanks Dimitris

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• Simple imeplementation of admin/staff panel?

  - by Michael Mao

  Hi all: A new project requires a simple panel(page) for admin and staff members that : Preferably will not use SSL or any digital ceritification stuff, a simple login from via http will just be fine. has basic authentication which allows only admin to login as admin, and any staff member as of the group "staff". Ideally, the "credentials(username-hashedpassword pair)" will be stored in MySQL. is simple to configure if there is a package, or the strategy is simple to code. somewhere (PHP session?) somehow (include a script at the beginning of each page to check user group before doing anything?), it will detect any invalid user attempt to access protected page and redirect him/her to the login form. while still keeps high quality in security, something I worry about the most. Frankly I am having little knowledge about Internet security, and how modern CMS such as WordPress/Joomla do with their implementation in this. I only have one thing in my mind that I need to use a salt to hash the password (SHA1?) to make sure any hacker gets the username and password pair across the net cannot use that to log into the system. And that is what the client wants to make sure. But I really not sure where to start, any ideas? Thanks a lot in advance.

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