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• How to configure Transparent IP Address Sharing (TAS) on a Mediatrix 4102 with DGW 2.0 firmware?

  - by Pascal Bourque

  I am making the switch to VoIP. I chose voip.ms as my service provider and Mediatrix 4102 as my ATA. One reason why I chose the Mediatrix over other popular consumer ATAs is that it's supposed to be easy to place it in front of the router, so it can give priority to its own upstream traffic over the home network's upstream traffic. This is supposed to work transparently, with the ATA and router sharing the same public IP address (the one obtained from the modem). They call this feaure Transparent IP Address Sharing, or TAS. Their promotional brochure describes it like this: The Mediatrix 4102 also uses its innovative TAS (Transparent IP Address Sharing) technology and an embedded PPPoE client to allow the PC (or router) connected to the second Ethernet port to have the same public IP address, eliminating the need for private IP addresses or address translations. I am interested by this feature because my router, an Apple Time Capsule, doesn't support QoS and cannot give priority to the voice packets if the ATA is behind the router. However, after hours of searching the web, reading the documentation, and good ol' trial and error, I haven't been able to configure the Mediatrix to run in this mode. Then I found a version of the manual that looks like it was for a previous version of the firmware (SIP), where there is an entire section dedicated to configuring TAS (starting at page 209). But my Mediatrix comes with the DGW 2.0 firmware, whose documentation does not mention TAS at all. So I tried to follow the TAS setup instructions from the SIP documentation and apply them to my DGW firmware, using the Variable Mapping Between SIP v5.0 and DGW v2.0 document as a reference, but no success. Some required SIP variables don't have an equivalent in DGW. So it looks like the DGW firmware does not support TAS at all, or if it does they are not doing anything to help us set it up. So right now, the Mediatrix is behind the router and VoIP works perfectly except when my upstream bandwidth is saturated. My questions are: Is downgrading to SIP firmware the only way to have my Mediatrix 4102 run in TAS mode? If not, anybody knows how to setup TAS on the DGW firmware? Is TAS mode the only way to give priority to the voice packets if I want to keep my current router (Apple Time Capsule)? Thanks!

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• Mercurial not receiving push

  - by Jeffrey04

  I have a mercurial web-frontend (hgwebdir.cgi) installed on a server, and an installation of nginx was installed in front of it as a reverse proxy to the web-frontend as my friend suggested. However, whenever a large changeset is pushed (via a script), it would fail. I found an issue ticket @google-code that describe similar problem, and there is a solution that says (#39) So the server side answer is: don't send the 401 back early. Be as slow/dumb as 'hg serve' and make the hg client send the bundle twice. How do I do that? My current nginx config location /repo/testdomain.com { rewrite ^(.*) http://bpj.kkr.gov.my$1/hgwebdir.cgi; } location /repo/testdomain.com/ { rewrite ^(.*) http://bpj.kkr.gov.my$1hgwebdir.cgi; } location /repo/testdomain.com/hgwebdir.cgi { proxy_pass http://localhost:81/repo/testdomain.com/hgwebdir.cgi; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_buffering on; client_max_body_size 4096M; proxy_read_timeout 30000; proxy_send_timeout 30000; } From the access log we keep seeing 408 entries incoming.ip.address - - [18/Nov/2009:08:29:31 +0800] "POST /repo/testdomain.com/hgwebdir.cgi/example_repository?cmd=unbundle&heads=73121b2b6159afc47cc3a028060902883d5b1e74 HTTP/1.1" 408 0 "-" "mercurial/proto-1.0" incoming.ip.address - - [18/Nov/2009:08:37:14 +0800] "POST /repo/testdomain.com/hgwebdir.cgi/example_repository?cmd=unbundle&heads=73121b2b6159afc47cc3a028060902883d5b1e74 HTTP/1.1" 408 0 "-" "mercurial/proto-1.0" Is there anything else I can do on the server because solving it on the server side is preferable :/ Further Findings Bitbucket seems to have this solved ( Check liquidhg bitbucket project and the Diagnosis wiki page ) on the server side, can't find the config anywhere though :/ What happens next varies depending on your server. Some servers refuse the BODY, simplying closing the pipe from the client and causing Mercurial to fail. Some, like Apache (at least the way I configure it, and that could be part of the problem) and nginx (they way BitBucket.org configures it), accept the BODY, though it may take a few retries. Bottom line: if Mercurial doesn't fail the push, it sends the changeset data at least once to a server that has already told it it lacks credentials (more on this at Blame). Assuming Mercurial is still running, it resends the "unbundle" request and data, this time with authentication. Finally, Apache accepts the data successfully. Nginx, OTOH, at least under BitBucket's configuration, seems to reassemble the previous body (the one that lacked authentication) and somehow keep Mercurial from re-sending the whole body.

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• udp expected behaviour not responding to test result

  - by ernst

  I have a local network topology that is structured as follows: three hosts and a switch in the middle. I am using a switch that supports 10,100,1000 Mbit/s full/half duplex connection. I have configured the hosts with a static ip 172.16.0.1-2-3/25. This is the output of ifconfig eth0 Link encap: Ethernet HWaddr ***** inet addr:172.16.0.3 Bcast:172.16.0.127 Mask:255.255.255.128 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) Interrupt:16 The output on H1 and H2 is perfectly matchable They are mutually reachable since i have tested the network with ping. I have forced the ethernet interface to work at 10M with ethtool -s eth0 speed 10 duplex full autoneg on this is the output of ethtool eth0 supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full S upported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric A dvertised auto-negotiation: Yes Speed: 10Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 1 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: Unknown Supports Wake-on: g Wake-on: d Current message level: 0x000000ff (255) drv probe link timer ifdown ifup rx_err tx_err Link detected: yes – I am doing an experimental test using nttcp to calculate the GOODPUT in the case that H1 and H2 at the same time send data to H3. Since the three links have the same forced capability and the amount of arrving data speed is 10 from H1+10 from H2--20M to H3 it would be expected a bottleneck effect and, due to the non reliable nature of udp, a packet loss. But this doesn't appen since the output of nttcp application shows the same number of byte sended and received. this is the output of nttcp on h3 nttcp -T -r -u 172.16.0.2 & nttcp -T -r -u 172.16.0.1 [1] 4071 Bytes Real s CPU s Real-MBit/s CPU-MBit/s Calls Real-C/s CPU-C/s l 8388608 13.74 0.05 4.8848 1398.0140 2049 149.14 42684.8 Bytes Real s CPU s Real-MBit/s CPU-MBit/s Calls Real-C/s CPU-C/s l 8388608 14.02 0.05 4.7872 1398.0140 2049 146.17 42684.8 1 8388608 13.56 0.06 4.9500 1118.4065 2051 151.28 34181.1 1 8388608 13.89 0.06 4.8310 1198.3084 2051 147.65 36623.0 – How is this possible? Am i missing something? Any help will be gratefully apprecciated, Best regards

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• iptables management tools for large scale environment

  - by womble

  The environment I'm operating in is a large-scale web hosting operation (several hundred servers under management, almost-all-public addressing, etc -- so anything that talks about managing ADSL links is unlikely to work well), and we're looking for something that will be comfortable managing both the core ruleset (around 12,000 entries in iptables at current count) plus the host-based rulesets we manage for customers. Our core router ruleset changes a few times a day, and the host-based rulesets would change maybe 50 times a month (across all the servers, so maybe one change per five servers per month). We're currently using filtergen (which is balls in general, and super-balls at our scale of operation), and I've used shorewall in the past at other jobs (which would be preferable to filtergen, but I figure there's got to be something out there that's better than that). The "musts" we've come up with for any replacement system are: Must generate a ruleset fairly quickly (a filtergen run on our ruleset takes 15-20 minutes; this is just insane) -- this is related to the next point: Must generate an iptables-restore style file and load that in one hit, not call iptables for every rule insert Must not take down the firewall for an extended period while the ruleset reloads (again, this is a consequence of the above point) Must support IPv6 (we aren't deploying anything new that isn't IPv6 compatible) Must be DFSG-free Must use plain-text configuration files (as we run everything through revision control, and using standard Unix text-manipulation tools are our SOP) Must support both RedHat and Debian (packaged preferred, but at the very least mustn't be overtly hostile to either distro's standards) Must support the ability to run arbitrary iptables commands to support features that aren't part of the system's "native language" Anything that doesn't meet all these criteria will not be considered. The following are our "nice to haves": Should support config file "fragments" (that is, you can drop a pile of files in a directory and say to the firewall "include everything in this directory in the ruleset"; we use configuration management extensively and would like to use this feature to provide service-specific rules automatically) Should support raw tables Should allow you to specify particular ICMP in both incoming packets and REJECT rules Should gracefully support hostnames that resolve to more than one IP address (we've been caught by this one a few times with filtergen; it's a rather royal pain in the butt) The more optional/weird iptables features that the tool supports (either natively or via existing or easily-writable plugins) the better. We use strange features of iptables now and then, and the more of those that "just work", the better for everyone.

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• PCI-DSS compliance for business with only swipe terminals [migrated]

  - by rowatt

  I support the IT infrastructure for a small retail business which is now required to undergo a PCI-DSS assessment. The payment service and terminal provider (Streamline) has asked that we use Trustwave to do the PCI-DSS certification. The problem I face is that if I answer all questions and follow Trustwave's requirements to the letter, we will have to invest significantly in networking equipment to segment LANs and /or do internal vulnerability scanning, while at the same time Streamline assures me that the terminals we have (Verifone VX670-B and MagIC3 X-8) are secure, don't store any credit card information and are PCI-DSS compliant so by implication we don't need to take any action to ensure their network security. I'm looking for any suggestions as to how we can most easily meet the networking requirements for PCI-DSS. Some background on our current network setup: single wired LAN, also with WiFi turned on (though if this creates any PCI-DSS complexities we can turn it off). single Netgear ADSL router. This is the only firewall we have in place, and the firewall is out the box configuration (i.e. no DMZ, SNMP etc). Passwords have been changed though :-) a few windows PCs and 2 windows based tills, none of which ever see any credit card information at all. two swipe terminals. Until a few months ago (before we were told we had to be PCI-DSS certified) these terminals did auth/capture over the phone. Streamline suggested we moved to their IP Broadband service, which instead uses an SSL encrypted channel over the internet to do auth/capture, so we now use that service. We don't do any ecommerce or receive payments over the internet. All transactions are either cardholder present, or MOTO with details given over phone and typed direct into terminal. We're based in the UK. As I currently understand it we have three options in order to get PCI-DSS certification. segment our network so the POS terminals are isolated from all PCs, and set up internal vulnerability scanning on that network. don't segment the network, and have to do more internal scanning and have more onerous management of PCs than I think we need (for example, though the tills are Windows based, they are fully managed so I have no control over software update policies, anti virus etc). All PCs have anti virus (MSE) and windows updates automatically applied, but we don't have any centralised go back to auth/capture over phone lines. I can't imagine we are the first merchant to be in this situation. I'm looking for any recommendations a simple, cost effective way to be PCI-DSS compliant - either by doing 1 or 2 above with (hopefully) simple and inexpensive equipment/software, or any other ways if there's a better way to do this. Or... should we just go back to the digital stone age and do auth/capture over the phone, which means we don't need to do anything on our network to be PCI-DSS certified?

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• Cisco ASA SSL VPN options?

  - by JonH

  Disclaimer: I am not a network admin so I may be wrong here but I thought asking here would help. I'm a developer mainly on the .net framework as well as helping get a mobile intranet app working. Because this app is only allowed to be used on our network I can easily run this app on our wireless network connection within our building. All is fine and dandy but we'd also like to be able to run this mobile app at say a customer plant using VPN software. I thought surely this could be easy as we exclusively use Samsung s4 phones so I thought I'd download Cisco's Samsung any connect software to allow us to VPN...its right on the play store. Sure enough it doesn't work. I mention it to our network admin who says not possible since we have old technology that doesn't support SSL. He mentions we'd have to upgrade all of our hardware, the firewall, etc. to get this to work. We really need VPN on our phones not only for this app but other internal apps, etc. He did mention the following: We can’t upgrade the software on our ASA, because we don’t have enough memory for the new version.  (the asa is very old).  We can’t add more memory, so we would have to get a new firewall, which I have been told I cannot do. In addition he also mentioned: The Samsung AnyConnect client uses SSL to connect.  With the current (old) version of software that our firewall is running, the SSL connections are unreliable.  We need different hardware in order to upgrade our firewall, which we are unable to attain at this time.  This is the same reason that Windows 8 clients are not able to connect. I am curious hence me asking. vpns seem to be fairly simple to setup. What other options do I have aside from making this a public site or web service that consumes this data over the internet as this is a complete no no. What can we do to make this work without that much effort or cost.

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• eAccelerator settings for PHP/Centos/Apache

  - by bobbyh

  I have eAccelerator installed on a server running Wordpress using PHP/Apache on CentOS. I am occassionally getting persistent "white pages", which presumably are PHP Fatal Errors (although these errors don't appear in my error_log). These "white pages" are sprinkled here and there throughout the site. They persist until I go to my eAccelerator control.php page and clear/clean/purge my caches, which suggests to me that I've configured eAccelerator improperly. Here are my current /etc/php.ini settings: memory_limit = 128M; eaccelerator.shm_size="64", where shm.size is "the amount of shared memory eAccelerator should allocate to cache PHP scripts" (see http://eaccelerator.net/wiki/Settings) eaccelerator.shm_max="0", where shm_max is "the maximum size a user can put in shared memory with functions like eaccelerator_put ... The default value is "0" which disables the limit" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0" - "When eAccelerator doesn't have enough free shared memory to cache a new script it will remove all scripts from shared memory cache that haven't been accessed in at least shm_ttl seconds. By default this value is set to "0" which means that eAccelerator won't try to remove any old scripts from shared memory." eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0" - "When eAccelerator doesn't have enough free shared memory to cache a script it tries to remove old scripts if the previous try was made more then "shm_prune_period" seconds ago. Default value is "0" which means that eAccelerator won't try to remove any old script from shared memory." eaccelerator.keys = "shm_only" - "These settings control the places eAccelerator may cache user content. ... 'shm_only' cache[s] data in shared memory" On my phpinfo page, it says: memory_limit 128M Version 0.9.5.3 and Caching Enabled true On my eAccelerator control.php page, it says 64 MB of total RAM available Memory usage 77.70% (49.73MB/ 64.00MB) 27.6 MB is used by cached scripts in the PHP opcode cache (I added up the file sizes myself) 22.1 MB is used by the cache keys, which is populated by the Wordpress object cache. My questions are: Is it true that there is only 36.4 MB of room in the eAccelerator cache for total "cache keys" (64 MB of total RAM minus whatever is taken by cached scripts, which is 27.6 MB at the moment)? What happens if my app tries to write more than 22.1 MB of cache keys to the eAccelerator memory cache? Does this cause eAccelerator to go crazy, like I've seen? If I change eaccelerator.shm_max to be equal to (say) 32 MB, would that avoid this problem? Do I also need to change shm_ttl and shm_prune_period to make eAccelerator respect the MB limit set by shm_max? Thanks! :-)

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• ruby on rails gitorious setup on ubuntu

  - by dogmatic69

  Ive been trying to install gitorious for a while now which required ruby and rails etc. Ive finally got rails pages serving but cant finish the installation of gitorious because the gem version is too new. the error logs say please run 'rake ultrasphinx:configure' and that gives rake ultrasphinx:configure (in /var/www/apps/gitorious) rake aborted! uninitialized constant ActiveSupport::Dependencies::Mutex /var/www/apps/gitorious/Rakefile:10:in `require' (See full trace by running task with --trace) From searching google this is beacuse of the wrong gem verison. Cant find a way to down grade it. apparently sudo gem update --system 1.4.2 should do the trick but ubuntu 10.10 does not like this. ERROR: While executing gem ... (RuntimeError) gem update --system is disabled on Debian, because it will overwrite the content of the rubygems Debian package, and might break your Debian system in subtle ways. The Debian-supported way to update rubygems is through apt-get, using Debian official repositories. If you really know what you are doing, you can still update rubygems by setting the REALLY_GEM_UPDATE_SYSTEM environment variable, but please remember that this is completely unsupported by Debian. So i added export REALLY_GEM_UPDATE_SYSTEM=1 to .bashrc and reloaded it with . ~/.bashrc and still the same. ive tried various forms of setting this environmental variable with no luck. Ive also been told on #gitorious irc channel to add the file config/initializers/rubygems.rb with the line require "thread" to it. This has done nothing. EDIT: Just found another way which was rvm install rubygems 1.4.2 and it gave: Removing old Rubygems files... Installing rubygems dedicated to ruby-1.8.7-p334... Retrieving rubygems-1.4.2 % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 288k 100 288k 0 0 282k 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 414k Extracting rubygems-1.4.2 ... Installing rubygems for /home/ubuntu/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/bin/ruby ERROR: Error running 'GEM_PATH="/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334:/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334@global:/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334@global" GEM_HOME="/home/ubuntu/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.8.7-p334" "/home/ubuntu/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.8.7-p334/bin/ruby" "/home/ubuntu/.rvm/src/rubygems-1.4.2/setup.rb"', please read /home/ubuntu/.rvm/log/ruby-1.8.7-p334/rubygems.install.log WARN: Installation of rubygems did not complete successfully. TL;DR please tell me how to downgrade rubygems on ubuntu 10.10 or upgrade gitorious to work with 1.6.2 gems

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• PTR Record Troubles

  - by Physikal

  I am having a hell of a time getting our PTR record right. Our current PTR zone looks like this: $ttl 38400 @ IN SOA ns1.domain.com. admin.domain.com. ( 1268669139 10800 3600 604800 38400 ) xxx.xxx.xxx.in-addr.arpa. IN NS ns2.domain.com. xxx.xxx.xxx.in-addr.arpa. IN NS ns1.domain.com. 97 IN PTR mail.domain.com. xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR mail.domain.com. 97.96/28. IN PTR mail.domain.com For some reason the only thing that works is the 97.96/28. When this line is in there it actually says I have a PTR record when reporting from intodns.com. If I remove that line, it says I have no PTR. I have followed instructions from http://www.philchen.com/2007/04/04/configuring-reverse-dns and when I follow those instructions intodns.com says I have no PTR. When it does work with the line 97.96/28., the PTR kicks back as (from intodns.com) : 97.xxx.xxx.xxx.in-addr.arpa -> mail.domain.com.xxx.xxx.xxx.in-addr.arpa Which is, to my knowledge, an incorrect PTR. I want it to just kick back as mail.domain.com, without the xxx.xxx.xxx.in-addr.arpa extension. I have tried everything I can think of but I can't fix it. I can't help but think it's one of those things that is so stupid and simple I'm going to do the ol'facepalm. Any help is greatly appreciated. Thanks! In the event that the domain zone is needed, here it is: $ttl 38400 @ IN SOA domain.com. [email protected]. ( 1265221037 10800 3600 604800 38400 ) domain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx www.domain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ftp.domain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx m.domain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx localhost.domain.com. IN A 127.0.0.1 webmail.domain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx admin.domain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx mail.domain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx domain.com. IN MX 5 mail.domain.com. domain.com. IN TXT "v=spf1 a mx a:domain.com ip4:xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ?all" domain.com. IN NS ns1 domain.com. IN NS ns2 ns1 IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx ns2 IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx Any double entries in different formats were part of my troubleshooting process.

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• SSL certificate for Oracle Application Server 11g

  - by Easter Sunshine

  I was asked to get an SSL certificate for an "Oracle Application Server 11g" which has a soon-to-expire certificate. Brushing aside the fact that 10g seems to be the newest version, I got a certificate from InCommon, as I usually do without problem (except this is the first time I supplied Oracle Application Server 11g as the software type on the CSR form). On the email containing links to download the certificate, it mentioned: Certificate Details: SSL Type : InCommon SSL Server : OTHER I forwarded the email over to the person responsible for installing it and got a reply that the server type must be Oracle Application Server for the certificate to work (the CN is the same as before). They were unable to install this certificate (no details provided to me) and mentioned they had this issue previously with Thawte when they didn't supply Oracle Application Server as the server type. I don't see any significant difference between the currently installed certificate (working) and the new one I just got signed by InCommon (not working). $ openssl x509 -in sso-current.cer -text shows, with irrelevant information ommitted. Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=ZA, ST=Western Cape, L=Cape Town, O=Thawte Consulting cc, OU=Certification Services Division, CN=Thawte Premium Server CA/[email protected] Validity Not Before: Oct 1 00:00:00 2009 GMT Not After : Nov 28 23:59:59 2012 GMT Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption Public-Key: (2048 bit) Modulus: Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical CA:FALSE X509v3 CRL Distribution Points: Full Name: URI:http://crl.thawte.com/ThawteServerPremiumCA.crl X509v3 Extended Key Usage: TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication Authority Information Access: OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.thawte.com Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption and $ openssl x509 -in sso-new.cer -text shows Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Signature Algorithm: sha1WithRSAEncryption Issuer: C=US, O=Internet2, OU=InCommon, CN=InCommon Server CA Validity Not Before: Nov 8 00:00:00 2012 GMT Not After : Nov 8 23:59:59 2014 GMT Subject Public Key Info: Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption Public-Key: (2048 bit) Modulus: Exponent: 65537 (0x10001) X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:48:4F:5A:FA:2F:4A:9A:5E:E0:50:F3:6B:7B:55:A5:DE:F5:BE:34:5D X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 18:8D:F6:F5:87:4D:C4:08:7B:2B:3F:02:A1:C7:AC:6D:A7:90:93:02 X509v3 Key Usage: critical Digital Signature, Key Encipherment X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical CA:FALSE X509v3 Extended Key Usage: TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication X509v3 Certificate Policies: Policy: 1.3.6.1.4.1.5923.1.4.3.1.1 CPS: https://www.incommon.org/cert/repository/cps_ssl.pdf X509v3 CRL Distribution Points: Full Name: URI:http://crl.incommon.org/InCommonServerCA.crl Authority Information Access: CA Issuers - URI:http://cert.incommon.org/InCommonServerCA.crt OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.incommon.org Nothing jumps out at me as the reason one would not work so I don't have a specific request for the signer for what to do differently when re-signing.

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• ASA and cisco vs NSA sonic firewall

  - by Lbaker101

  Currently I’m trying to structure our network to fully support and be redundant with BGP/Multi homing. Our current company size is 40 employees but the major part of that is our Development department. We are a software company and continued connection to the internet is a requirement as 90% of work stops when the net goes down. The only thing hosted on site (that needs to remain up) is our exchange server. Right now i'm faced with 2 different directions and was wondering if I could get your opinions on this. We will have 2 ISPs that are both 20meg up/down and dedicated fiber (so 40megs combined). This is handed off as an Ethernet cable into our server room. ISP#1 first digital ISP#2 CenturyLink we currently have 2x ASA5505s but the 2nd one is not in use. It was there to be a failover and it just needs the security+ license to be matched with the primary device. But this depends on the network structure. I have been looking into the hardware that would be required to be fully redundant and I found that we will either of the following. 2x Cisco 2921+ series routers with failover licenses. They will go in front of the ASAs and either connects in a failover state or 1 ISP into each of the 2921 series routers and then 1 line into each of the ASAs (thus all 4 hardware components will be used actively). So 2x Cisco 2921+ series routers 2x Cisco ASA5505 firewalls The other route 2x SonicWalls NSA2400MX series. 1 primary and the secondary will be in a failover state. This will remove the ASAs from the network and be about 2k cheaper than the cisco route. This also brings down the points of failure because it’s just the 2x sonicwalls It will also allow us to scale all the way up to 200-400 users (depending on their configuration). This also makes so the Sonic walls. So the real question is with the added functionality ect of the sonicwall is there a point in paying so much more to stay the cisco route? Thanks!

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• dd-wrt router firmware QoS troubleshooting

  - by Jeff Atwood

  I've been using the dd-wrt firmware on my router and I like it a lot! But -- I'm not sure the quality of service (QoS) is working on it. I have it set up as follows: http, port 80 -- Premium bittorrent, port 6969 -- Bulk https, port 443 -- Premium dns, port 53 -- Premium Per the QoS documentation, these levels are: bandwidth is allocated based on the following percentages of uplink and downlink values for each class: Exempt: 100mbps - ignores global limits. Premium: 75% - 100% Express: 15% - 100% Standard: 10% - 100% Bulk: 1.5% - 100% This doesn't entirely seem to work, though -- with busy torrents going I get major pauses in my web browsing which sucks! The QoS documentation gives some steps to check the QoS ... What you'll be interested to look at will be the first set of source and destination IP, including the port numbers. Next the presence of l7proto and the "mark" field. The entries indicate the current live connection QoS priority applied on them based on the "mark" field. The "mark" values correspond to the following Exempt: 100 Premium: 10 Express: 20 Standard: 30 Bulk: 40 (no QoS matched): 0 You may see "mark=0" for some l7proto service even though they are in configured in the list of QoS rules. This may mean that the layer 7 pattern matching system didn't match a new or changed header for that protocol. Custom service on port matches will usually take care of these. On port 6969 (bittorrent) I see a weird mixture of stuff with mark=0 and mark=40 like so cat /proc/net/ip_conntrack udp 17 105 src=98.162.182.42 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=64512 dport=6969 packets=3 bytes=290 src=10.0.0.2 dst=98.162.182.42 sport=6969 dport=64512 packets=4 bytes=202 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 117 TIME_WAIT src=98.248.173.174 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=51114 dport=6969 packets=12 bytes=704 src=10.0.0.2 dst=98.248.173.174 sport=6969 dport=51114 packets=10 bytes=440 [ASSURED] mark=40 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 598 ESTABLISHED src=165.132.128.201 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=57218 dport=6969 packets=8024 bytes=9919881 src=10.0.0.2 dst=165.132.128.201 sport=6969 dport=57218 packets=4211 bytes=239607 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 tcp 6 586 ESTABLISHED src=68.46.9.24 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=64688 dport=6969 packets=6 bytes=490 src=10.0.0.2 dst=68.46.9.24 sport=6969 dport=64688 packets=8 bytes=944 [ASSURED] mark=40 secmark=0 use=1 udp 17 45 src=222.254.228.38 dst=1.2.3.4 sport=25438 dport=6969 packets=5 bytes=454 src=10.0.0.2 dst=222.254.228.38 sport=6969 dport=25438 packets=3 bytes=154 [ASSURED] mark=0 secmark=0 use=1 ( full file visible at http://pastebin.com/AZE6EtWm ) I've been playing around with this log for a little while and I can't see any patterns! Why is some port 6969 bittorrent traffic tagged mark=0 (not matched) by dd-wrt's QoS while others are tagged mark=40 (Bulk) .. any ideas?

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• Why does unpartitioned Hitachi HDS5C3020 drive start consuming 50% more power 15 minutes after boot?

  - by Pro Backup

  In a Debian 6.0.6 system there are 74 pieces of 2TB Toshiba DT01ABA200 drives. These drives are identified as Hitachi HDS5C3020BLE630 drives running firmware revision MZ4OAAB0. 64 Drives attached via HP SAS expander cards to an LSI 2008 SAS controller, another 5 drives are connected directly to the mainboard, 4 drives are connected to a Sil based PCI controller and last 1 drive is only powered and has no data cable connected. The controller LSI and Sil card's their onboard BIOS are both disabled and the mpt2sas and sata_sil modules are removed from the Linux debian 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 SMP Sun Sep 23 10:07:46 UTC 2012 x86_64 GNU/Linux kernel. The mpt2sas module is loaded after boot using a modprobe command in /etc/rc.local. These 74 drives are not partitioned, neither formatted and also not mounted. The system consumes: with 0 drives: 70.6 - 70.9 Watt (also 15 minutes after boot); with 74 drives: 330 - 360 Watt, just after boot (is equivalent to 3.5 - 3.9W per drive in idle state); with 74 drives: 420 - 466 Watt, each time in the 15th minute of uptime (is equivalent to 4.7 - 5.3W per drive in idle state). The drive specification lists 4.7W as read/write, and 3.3W as idle power consumption. The increased power consumption is most likely on the 5V line, because after roughly 1 minute an "over current protection" (OCP) of the power supply (PSU) shuts down the power. The used PSU is a single rail model with an OCP of 122A on the 12V line and 55A on the 5V line. Regression: It doesn't matter whether the drive its APM value is set to disabled or 1 (maximum power saving). The operating system records no read/write activity in /proc/diskstats. The values there are identical (28 read, 0 write operations) as immediately after the modprobe operation. Can't test what happens when booting into the mainboard it's BIOS - to exclude any OS intervention - because the Super Micro X8SI6-F mainboard running firmware 06/27/12 has a bug that incorrectly reads a +74.0 C CPU sensor temperature as "High" in BIOS mode, and shuts down the power after 1 minute. What might be causing the drive read/write activity on all drives in the 15th minute after boot and how to prevent it from happening?

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• Intel RST accidentally selected wrong drive as system drive -- how to fix?

  - by Sean Killeen

  Question / TL;DR If Intel RST has marked a drive other than my RAID set as the system drive, how can I get it so that the RAID set is now seen as the system drive, and catch it up to my drive now? What Happened NOTE: Some perhaps unwise decisions are ahead. This is as best as I can recall the order of things. I had a 2x1TB RAID1 config. I bought the drives around the same time, and they started to die around the same time. I replaced 1st drive with a 2 TB drive before the other one's SMART errors got more serious. I waited for the RAID to replicate, then replaced the 2nd drive with a manufacturer's replacement. I got a second manufacturer's drive replacement and used it as a spare. so I now I had a 1TB/2TB drive in a RAID1 and another 1TB as a spare. The 1TB drive in the replacement set was bad from the manufacturer. Rather than mess with their refurbished stuff, I bought another 2 TB drive an upped the config to a 2x2TB RAID1 with the other, functioning manufacturer's drive as a spare. I made the mistake of trying to bring the other drive online to clean it out and the signatue clash killed my machine. When the machine rebooted, that drive was marked as the system drive. So, I have a 2x2TB RAID1 that is apparently offline, and 1 spare 1 TB refurbished drive that everything is being run from. Not a great idea. Options I'm considering Bring the 2x2TB drive back online, and then unplug the spare until I can format it in another system. This would involve some data loss, but the more I think about it, I actually think I haven't modified any data that isn't backed up or synced somewhere (go me!) Anything that isn't is likely trivial, enough that I'm willing to take the risk. One downside here is that if the 2 TB doesn't have data on it for some reason, I could be screwed trying to put the other drive back in, no? Try to somehow get the RAID1 updated with the data from the current system drive. Option 3?

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• Unecrypted Image of Truecrypt-Encrypted System Partition

  - by Dexter

  The general tenor around the internet seems to be that you can't create images of system partitions that have been encrypted (with truecrypt) other than with dd or similar sector-by-sector copy tools. These files however are very impractical given their size (and are obviously incompressible) which makes keeping multiple states/backups of your system partition rather expensive (..especially considering current hdd prices). The problem is that backup tools (like Acronis True Image, Clonezilla, etc.) won't give you the option to create an image of (mounted/opened) Truecrypt partitions, or that there is no recovery environment for restoring the backup, that would allow to run truecrypt before doing any actual restoring. After some trial and error however, I believe I have found a very simple way. Since Truecrypt (running in Linux) creates a virtual block device, that it uses for mounting the unencrypted partitions into the file system, partclone can be used for creating/restoring images. What I did: boot up a linux live disk mount/open the drive/device/partition in truecrypt unmount the filesystem mount point again, like so: umount /media/truecryptX ("X" being the partition number assigend by truecrypt) use partclone (this is what clonezilla would do too, except that clonezilla only offers you to back up real drive partitions, not virtual block devices): partclone.ntfs -c -s /dev/mapper/truecryptX -o nameOfBackupFile for restoring steps 1-3 remain the same, and step 4 is partclone.ntfs -r -s nameOfBackupFile -o /dev/mapper/truecryptX A backup and test-restore of the system (with this method) seems to have worked fine (and the changed settings were reverted to the backup-state). The backup file is ~40 GB (and compressible down to <8GB with 7zip/LZMA2 on the "fast" setting). I can't quite believe that I'm the only one that wants to create images of encrypted drives, but doesn't want to waste 100GB on the backup of one single system state. So my question now is, given how simple this was, and that no one seems to mention anywhere that this is possible - did I miss something? or did I do something wrong? Is there any situation that I didn't think of where this method will fail? Obviously, the backup file needs to be stored in some other encrypted place in order to still remain confidential, since it is unencrypted. Also, in order to do a full "bare metal" restore, one would have to actually first (re-)install Windows, encrypt it, and only then restore the backup file. The funny thing however is that you won't need to backup any partition tables, etc. since the reinstall will effectively take care of that. Is there anything else? This is imho still a lot better than having sector-by-sector images..

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• DCHP and Router load testing

  - by John H

  I manage a campground wifi network with an average of 10 - 60 active users. I have encountered issues where the router starts acting flaky (failing to assign DHCP or failing to pass traffic) without any clear warning (low cpu utilization, etc). I upgraded the router a couple times and ended up with a Netgear ProSafe VPN router that seems to be handling the traffic. The interesting thing is that the Netgear has lower specs than the Buffalo router it replaced, indicating the issue is with the DD-WRT firmware. While I'll be pursuing this issue on the dd-wrt forums, I need a way to test routers. My vision is having 1-2 computers connected on the LAN side and 1-2 computers connected on the WAN side. I want the LAN computers to be generating various type of traffic and connections, as well as requesting DCHP addresses. A few notes: The wireless aspect should be a non-issue. Most clients would connect to a wireless bridge and come into the router through a network cable. I had a monitoring server with Nagios running check_dhcp against the router. This server was connected directly by a network cable, eliminating wifi bridges and other devices from the equation. This question is somewhat related, but not exactly: Load testing wireless LANs I am going to look at IxChariot. While I'd ideally like to use a 1 computer on each side running Linux and preferably free software, I can entertain running Windows, multiple computers, or non-free software. Total bandwidth doesn't seem to be the issue. I can transfer large files all day. Even on the busiest days, the users seemed to only pull ~5Mbps. There is very little "LAN to LAN traffic" and most of it might never have reached the main router. The issue I need to test for seems to be tied to active users, or more appropriately, active sessions. I know active users or active clients is a meaningless term from a router standpoint and wouldn't mind having more appropriate terms to use. Summary: I need a way to test a routers ability in handling traffic from a large number of clients. My current strategy is to purchase a router, deploy it, and see how it fails in the live environment.

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• Backing up data stored on Amazon S3

  - by Fiver

  I have an EC2 instance running a web server that stores users' uploaded files to S3. The files are written once and never change, but are retrieved occasionally by the users. We will likely accumulate somewhere around 200-500GB of data per year. We would like to ensure this data is safe, particularly from accidental deletions and would like to be able to restore files that were deleted regardless of the reason. I have read about the versioning feature for S3 buckets, but I cannot seem to find if recovery is possible for files with no modification history. See the AWS docs here on versioning: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/ObjectVersioning.html In those examples, they don't show the scenario where data is uploaded, but never modified, and then deleted. Are files deleted in this scenario recoverable? Then, we thought we may just backup the S3 files to Glacier using object lifecycle management: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/object-lifecycle-mgmt.html But, it seems this will not work for us, as the file object is not copied to Glacier but moved to Glacier (more accurately it seems it is an object attribute that is changed, but anyway...). So it seems there is no direct way to backup S3 data, and transferring the data from S3 to local servers may be time-consuming and may incur significant transfer costs over time. Finally, we thought we would create a new bucket every month to serve as a monthly full backup, and copy the original bucket's data to the new one on Day 1. Then using something like duplicity (http://duplicity.nongnu.org/) we would synchronize the backup bucket every night. At the end of the month we would put the backup bucket's contents in Glacier storage, and create a new backup bucket using a new, current copy of the original bucket...and repeat this process. This seems like it would work and minimize the storage / transfer costs, but I'm not sure if duplicity allows bucket-to-bucket transfers directly without bringing data down to the controlling client first. So, I guess there are a couple questions here. First, does S3 versioning allow recovery of files that were never modified? Is there some way to "copy" files from S3 to Glacier that I have missed? Can duplicity or any other tool transfer files between S3 buckets directly to avoid transfer costs? Finally, am I way off the mark in my approach to backing up S3 data? Thanks in advance for any insight you could provide!

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• Proxy Error 502 "Reason: Error reading from remote server" with Apache 2.2.3 (Debian) mod_proxy and Jetty 6.1.18

  - by Martin

  Apache is receiving requests at port :80 and proxying them to Jetty at port :8080 The proxy server received an invalid response from an upstream server The proxy server could not handle the request GET /. My dilemma: Everything works fine normally (fast requests, few seconds or few tens of seconds long requests are processed ok). Problems occur when request processing takes long (few minutes?). If I issue request instead directly to Jetty at port :8080 the request is processed OK. So problem is likely to sit somewhere between Apache and Jetty where I am using mod_proxy. How to solve this? I have already tried some "tricks" related to KeepAlive settings, without luck. Here is my current configuration, any suggestions? #keepalive Off ## I have tried this, does not help #SetEnv force-proxy-request-1.0 1 ## I have tried this, does not help #SetEnv proxy-nokeepalive 1 ## I have tried this, does not help #SetEnv proxy-initial-not-pooled 1 ## I have tried this, does not help KeepAlive 20 ## I have tried this, does not help KeepAliveTimeout 600 ## I have tried this, does not help ProxyTimeout 600 ## I have tried this, does not help NameVirtualHost *:80 <VirtualHost _default_:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] ServerName www.mydomain.fi ServerAlias mydomain.fi mydomain.com mydomain www.mydomain.com ProxyRequests On ProxyVia On <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyRequests Off ProxyPass / http://www.mydomain.fi:8080/ retry=1 acquire=3000 timeout=600 ProxyPassReverse / http://www.mydomain.fi:8080/ RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{SERVER_NAME} !^www\.mydomain\.fi RewriteRule /(.*) http://www.mydomain.fi/$1 [redirect=301L] ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined ServerSignature On </VirtualHost> Here is also the debug log from a failing request: 74.125.43.99 - - [29/Sep/2010:20:15:40 +0300] "GET /?wicket:bookmarkablePage=newWindow:com.mydomain.view.application.reports.SaveReportPage HTTP/1.1" 502 355 "https://www.mydomain.fi/?wicket:interface=:0:2:::" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; fi; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100914 Firefox/3.6.10" [Wed Sep 29 20:20:40 2010] [error] [client 74.125.43.99] proxy: error reading status line from remote server www.mydomain.fi, referer: https://www.mydomain.fi/?wicket:interface=:0:2::: [Wed Sep 29 20:20:40 2010] [error] [client 74.125.43.99] proxy: Error reading from remote server returned by /, referer: https://www.mydomain.fi/?wicket:interface=:0:2:::

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• Hang while starting several daemons

  - by Adrian Lang

  I’m running a Debian Squeeze AMD64 server. Target runlevel after boot is runlevel 2, which includes rsyslogd, cron, sshd and some other stuff, but not dovecot, postfix, apache2, etc. The system fails to reach runlevel 2 with several symptoms: The system hangs at trying to start rsyslogd Booting into runlevel 1 works, then login from the console works Starting rsyslogd from runlevel 1 via /etc/init.d/rsyslog hangs Starting runlevel 2 with rsyslogd disabled works But then, logging in via console fails: I get the motd, and then nothing Starting sshd from runlevel 1 succeeds But then, I cannot login via ssh. Sometimes password ssh login gives me the motd and then nothing, sometimes not even this. Trying to offer a public key seems to annoy the sshd enough to not talk to me any further. When rebooting from runlevel 1, the server hangs at trying to stop apache2 (which is not running, so this really should be trivial). Trying to stop apache2 when logged in in runleve 1 does hang as well. And that’s just the stuff which fails all the time. RAM has been tested, dmesg shows no problems. I have no clue. Update: (shortened) output from rsyslogd -c4 -d called in runlevel 1 rsyslogd 4.6.4 startup, compatibility mode 4, module path '' caller requested object 'net', not found (iRet -3003) Requested to load module 'lmnet' loading module '/user/lib/rsyslog/lmnet.so' module of type 2 being loaded conf.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount 1 rsylog runtime initialized, version 4.6.4, current users 1 syslogd.c requested ref for 'lmnet', refcount now 2 I can kill rsyslogd with Strg+C, then. /var/log shows none of the configured log files, though. Update2: Thanks to @DerfK I still have no clue, but at least I narrowed down the problem. I’m now testing with /etc/init.d/apache2 stop (without an apache2 running, of course) which hangs as well and looks like an even more obvious failure. After some testing I found out that a file with one single line: /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest /dev/null 2&1 hangs, while the same line executed in an interactive shell works. I was not able to further reduce this line while, i. e. every single part, the stream redirections and the commando itself is necessary to reproduce the hang. @DerfK also pointed me to strace which gave a shallow hint about what kind of hang we have here: wait4(-1for the init scripts futex(0xsomepointer, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 2, NULL for rsyslogd / apache2 binaries called by the init scripts The system was installed as a Debian Lenny by my hoster in autumn 2011, I upgraded it to Squeeze immediately and kept it up to date with Squeeze, which then used to be testing. There were no big changes, though. I guess I never tried to reboot the system before.

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• Corosync :: Restarting some resources after Lan connectivity issue

  - by moebius_eye

  I am currently looking into corosync to build a two-node cluster. So, I've got it working fine, and it does what I want to do, which is: Lost connectivity between the two nodes gives the first node '10node' both Failover Wan IPs. (aka resources WanCluster100 and WanCluster101 ) '11node' does nothing. He "thinks" he still has his Failover Wan IP. (aka WanCluster101) But it doesn't do this: '11node' should restart the WanCluster101 resource when the connectivity with the other node is back. This is to prevent a condition where node10 simply dies (and thus does not get 11node's Failover Wan IP), resulting in a situation where none of the nodes have 10node's failover IP because 10node is down 11node has "given back" his failover Wan IP. Here's the current configuration I'm working on. node 10sch \ attributes standby="off" node 11sch \ attributes standby="off" primitive LanCluster100 ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \ params ip="172.25.0.100" cidr_netmask="32" nic="eth3" \ op monitor interval="10s" \ meta is-managed="true" target-role="Started" primitive LanCluster101 ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \ params ip="172.25.0.101" cidr_netmask="32" nic="eth3" \ op monitor interval="10s" \ meta is-managed="true" target-role="Started" primitive Ping100 ocf:pacemaker:ping \ params host_list="192.0.2.1" multiplier="500" dampen="15s" \ op monitor interval="5s" \ meta target-role="Started" primitive Ping101 ocf:pacemaker:ping \ params host_list="192.0.2.1" multiplier="500" dampen="15s" \ op monitor interval="5s" \ meta target-role="Started" primitive WanCluster100 ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \ params ip="192.0.2.100" cidr_netmask="32" nic="eth2" \ op monitor interval="10s" \ meta target-role="Started" primitive WanCluster101 ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr2 \ params ip="192.0.2.101" cidr_netmask="32" nic="eth2" \ op monitor interval="10s" \ meta target-role="Started" primitive Website0 ocf:heartbeat:apache \ params configfile="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf" options="-DSSL" \ operations $id="Website-one" \ op start interval="0" timeout="40" \ op stop interval="0" timeout="60" \ op monitor interval="10" timeout="120" start-delay="0" statusurl="http://127.0.0.1/server-status/" \ meta target-role="Started" primitive Website1 ocf:heartbeat:apache \ params configfile="/etc/apache2/apache2.conf.1" options="-DSSL" \ operations $id="Website-two" \ op start interval="0" timeout="40" \ op stop interval="0" timeout="60" \ op monitor interval="10" timeout="120" start-delay="0" statusurl="http://127.0.0.1/server-status/" \ meta target-role="Started" group All100 WanCluster100 LanCluster100 group All101 WanCluster101 LanCluster101 location AlwaysPing100WithNode10 Ping100 \ rule $id="AlWaysPing100WithNode10-rule" inf: #uname eq 10sch location AlwaysPing101WithNode11 Ping101 \ rule $id="AlWaysPing101WithNode11-rule" inf: #uname eq 11sch location NeverLan100WithNode11 LanCluster100 \ rule $id="RAND1083308" -inf: #uname eq 11sch location NeverPing100WithNode11 Ping100 \ rule $id="NeverPing100WithNode11-rule" -inf: #uname eq 11sch location NeverPing101WithNode10 Ping101 \ rule $id="NeverPing101WithNode10-rule" -inf: #uname eq 10sch location Website0NeedsConnectivity Website0 \ rule $id="Website0NeedsConnectivity-rule" -inf: not_defined pingd or pingd lte 0 location Website1NeedsConnectivity Website1 \ rule $id="Website1NeedsConnectivity-rule" -inf: not_defined pingd or pingd lte 0 colocation Never -inf: LanCluster101 LanCluster100 colocation Never2 -inf: WanCluster100 LanCluster101 colocation NeverBothWebsitesTogether -inf: Website0 Website1 property $id="cib-bootstrap-options" \ dc-version="1.1.7-ee0730e13d124c3d58f00016c3376a1de5323cff" \ cluster-infrastructure="openais" \ expected-quorum-votes="2" \ no-quorum-policy="ignore" \ stonith-enabled="false" \ last-lrm-refresh="1408954702" \ maintenance-mode="false" rsc_defaults $id="rsc-options" \ resource-stickiness="100" \ migration-threshold="3" I also have a less important question concerning this line: colocation NeverBothLans -inf: LanCluster101 LanCluster100 How do I tell it that this collocation only applies to '11node'.

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• How to setup ssh's umask for all type of connections

  - by Unode

  I've been searching for a way to setup OpenSSH's umask to 0027 in a consistent way across all connection types. By connection types I'm referring to: sftp scp ssh hostname ssh hostname program The difference between 3. and 4. is that the former starts a shell which usually reads the /etc/profile information while the latter doesn't. In addition by reading this post I've became aware of the -u option that is present in newer versions of OpenSSH. However this doesn't work. I must also add that /etc/profile now includes umask 0027. Going point by point: sftp - Setting -u 0027 in sshd_config as mentioned here, is not enough. If I don't set this parameter, sftp uses by default umask 0022. This means that if I have the two files: -rwxrwxrwx 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 execute -rw-rw-rw- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 read-write When I use sftp to put them in the destination machine I actually get: -rwxr-xr-x 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 execute -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 read-write However when I set -u 0027 on sshd_config of the destination machine I actually get: -rwxr--r-- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 execute -rw-r--r-- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 read-write which is not expected, since it should actually be: -rwxr-x--- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 execute -rw-r----- 1 user user 0 2011-01-29 02:04 read-write Anyone understands why this happens? scp - Independently of what is setup for sftp, permissions are always umask 0022. I currently have no idea how to alter this. ssh hostname - no problem here since the shell reads /etc/profile by default which means umask 0027 in the current setup. ssh hostname program - same situation as scp. In sum, setting umask on sftp alters the result but not as it should, ssh hostname works as expected reading /etc/profile and both scp and ssh hostname program seem to have umask 0022 hardcoded somewhere. Any insight on any of the above points is welcome. EDIT: I would like to avoid patches that require manually compiling openssh. The system is running Ubuntu Server 10.04.01 (lucid) LTS with openssh packages from maverick. Answer: As indicated by poige, using pam_umask did the trick. The exact changes were: Lines added to /etc/pam.d/sshd: # Setting UMASK for all ssh based connections (ssh, sftp, scp) session optional pam_umask.so umask=0027 Also, in order to affect all login shells regardless of if they source /etc/profile or not, the same lines were also added to /etc/pam.d/login. EDIT: After some of the comments I retested this issue. At least in Ubuntu (where I tested) it seems that if the user has a different umask set in their shell's init files (.bashrc, .zshrc,...), the PAM umask is ignored and the user defined umask used instead. Changes in /etc/profile did't affect the outcome unless the user explicitly sources those changes in the init files. It is unclear at this point if this behavior happens in all distros.

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• What's the best way to do user profile/folder redirect/home directory archiving?

  - by tpederson

  My company is in dire need of a redesign around how we handle user account administration. I've been tasked with automating the process. The end goal is to have the whole works triggered by the business, and IT only looking in when there's an error reported. The interim phase is going to be semi-manual. That is a level 2 tech inputs the user's info and supervises the process. The current hurdle I'm facing is user profile archiving. Our security team requires us to archive the profile directories for any terminated user for 60 days in case the legal team requires access to their files. Our AD is as much a mess as everything else, so there are some users with home directories and some with profiles. Anyone who has a profile dir in AD also has a good deal of their profile redirected to our file servers over DFS. In order to complete the process manually you find the user in AD, disable them, find their home/profile dir, go there and take ownership, create an archive folder, move all their files over, then delete the old dir. Some users have many many gigs of nonsense and this can take quite some time. Even automated the process would not be a quick one. I'm thinking that I need to have a client side C# GUI for the quick stuff and some server side batch script or console app to offload this long running process. I have a batch script that works decently using takeown and robocopy, but I wonder if a C# console app would do a better job. So, my question at long last is, what do you think is the best way to handle this? I can't imagine this is a unique problem, how do other admins get this done? The last place I worked was easily 10x larger than the place I'm in now. If we would have been doing this manual crap there, they'd have needed a team of at least 30 full time workers to keep up. I have decent skills in C#.net and batch scripting, but am a quick study and I have used most every language once or twice. Thank you for reading this and I look forward to seeing what imaginative solutions you all can come up with.

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• Problem with USB drivers (Windows-XP)

  - by Carl

  I obtained the drivers from the manufacturer for my HT-Link NEC USB 2.0 2-port Cardbus card. When I plugged in the card before I got the drivers, 3 new entries showed up in the Device Manager - two "NEC PCI to USB Open Host Controller" and one "Standard Enhanced PCI to USB Host controller." With the card plugged in, I uninstalled those two drivers. I then removed the card. I copied the new drivers to c:\windows\system32\drivers and the .inf file to c:\windows\inf. I also copied the drivers & inf to a new directory called c:\windows\drivers\ousb2. I reinserted the card. Windows automatically installed the same drivers as before. I selected 'update driver' on the "NEC PCI to USB..." entry and didn't see any other options. I then selected 'have disk' and pointed to c:\windows\drivers\ousb2 and got a message "The specified location does not contain information about your hardware." I then selected 'update driver' on the "Standard Enhanced PCI to USB...," and manually selected "USB 2.0 Enhanced Host Controller" (OWC 4/15/2003 2.1.3.1). Windows then automatically found a USB root hub, and I manually selected "USB 2.0 Root Hub Device" (OWC 4/15/2003 2.1.3.1). Now there are two sections in the Device Manager titled "Universal Serial Bus controllers." I plugged in my external USB hard disk adapter, and "USB Mass Storage Device" was added to the first set. Here's how it looks (w/drivers from the properties): [Universal Serial Bus controllers] Intel(R) 82801DB/DBM USB 2.0 Enhanced Host Controller - 24CD (6/1/2002 5.1.2600.0) Intel(R) 82801DB/DBM USB Universal Host Controller - 24C2 (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) Intel(R) 82801DB/DBM USB Universal Host Controller - 24C4 (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) Intel(R) 82801DB/DBM USB Universal Host Controller - 24C7 (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) NEC PCI to USB Open Host Controller (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) NEC PCI to USB Open Host Controller (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) USB Mass Storage Device USB Root Hub (7/1/2001 5.1.2600.5512) (5 more USB Root Hubs - same driver) [Universal Serial Bus controllers] USB 2.0 Enhanced Host Controller (OWC 4/15/2003 2.1.3.1) USB 2.0 Root Hub Device (OWC 4/15/2003 2.1.3.1) When I unplug the card the two "NEC PCI to USB..." entries in the first set disappear, and the whole second set disappears. (I unplugged the hard disk adapter first...) The hard disk adapter still doesn't work in that Cardbus card with the new drivers. I don't think the above looks right - a second set of USB controllers listed in the Device Manager, and the NEC entries still in the first set, and the the USB mass storage device still in the first set. Any help appreciated. (Windows XP PRO SP3 w/all current updates.)

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• rsync -c -i flags identical files as different

  - by Scott

  My goal: given a list of files on local server, show any differences to the files with the same absolute path on remote server; e.g. compare local /etc/init.d/apache to same file on remote server. "Difference" for me means different checksum. I don't care about file modification times. I also do not want to sync the files (yet); only show the diffs. I have rsync 3.0.6 on both local and remote servers, which should be able to do what I want. However, it is claiming that local and remote files, even with identical checksums, are still different. Here's the command line: $ rsync --dry-run -avi --checksum --files-from=/home/me/test.txt --rsync-path="cd / && rsync" / me@remote:/ where: "me" = my username; "remote" = remote server hostname current working directory is '/' test.txt contains one line reading "/etc/init.d/apache" OS: Linux 2.6.9 Running cksum on /etc/init.d/apache on both servers yields the same result. The files are the same. However, rsync output is: me@remote's password: building file list ... done .d..t...... etc/ cd+++++++++ etc/init.d/ <f+++++++++ etc/init.d/apache sent 93 bytes received 21 bytes 20.73 bytes/sec total size is 2374 speedup is 20.82 (DRY RUN) The output codes (see http://www.samba.org/ftp/rsync/rsync.html) mean that rsync thinks /etc is identical except for mod time /etc/init.d needs to be changed /etc/init.d/apache will be sent to the remote server I don't understand how, with --checksum option, and the files having identical checksums, that rsync should think they're different. (I've tried with other files having identical mod times, and those files are not flagged as different.) I did run this in /, and made sure (AFAIK) that it's run remotely in /, so even relative pathnames will still be correct. I ran rsync with -avvvi for more debug info, but saw nothing remarkable. I'm wondering: is rsync still looking at file mod times, even with --checksum? am I somehow not setting up the path(s) right? what am I doing wrong?

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• Deploying website content via Subversion

  - by Johann

  we have recently set up a new development infrastructure and process for one of our clients. This involves the strict use of subversion as a central source code repository. The svn repositories contains a seperate branch for code on the live system (/branches/live/). The repositories are use for PHP content (mainly Wordpress Blogs), but in future they may hold other asp code as well. Bonus points for a solutions which more or less in the same way with ASP code on Windows Server 2008 R2. We have two servers: one staging system and one live system. The staging system is updated regularly with the code of the trunk. The live system is update manually. Each webroot on the servers are working copy of either the trunk (staging system) or the live branch (live system). The current workflow is: Developing on the dev's box - commit into the trunk - auto-deploy on staging system - testing on the staging system - merging into /branches/live/ - manual deployment on live system. This works for one-way changes very well, however we have some troubles on every wordpress (or plugin) update: The WP update process removes the directories and unpack the archive of the new version. This removes the svn admin area as well, which produces a lot of errors. We could switch to SVN 1.7 with a single, global admin area, but this would only solve on part of the problem. Finally, we have done the update via the WP Gui, restored the svn admin area, added/removed the files and committed the changes to the trunk. After testing, we had to do basically the same thing on the live server (except the commit, we just reverted the changes and merged the new files from the staging system to the live system). I'm currently thinking of the following: The htdocs of each website is a svn export Each website has a svn working copy beside the htdocs directory a script which "replays" the changes in the wc from htdocs after an update in WP (rsync'ing the changed files to the working copy, rsync'ing new files and svn add them and finally svn delete the deleted files). The script would have to exclude some files (like wp-config.php, uploads/temp directories, etc.). Are there better ways to do this? Unfortunaly, a complete CI server is out of scope due to time and budget limitations.

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