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  • Start menu entries suddenly missing

    - by stefan.at.wpf
    I am using Windows 7 x64 SP1 with all updates applied. During the last weeks I observed that some start menu entries / folders suddenly disappeared. Those programs then sometimes can be found using the search function of the start menu, then however they are labeled by the name of their executable (like photoshop instead of Adobe Photoshop). Does anyone know where to start looking for errors? Does the start menu has anything to do with windows search? I doubt it?

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  • How to set up cluster with SESSION replication in Coldfusion 10?

    - by user3427540
    I am not able to set up a cluster with session replication. I have successfully set up a cluster with sticky session. When googled I found a lot of links explaining the same issue, like http://cfmlblog.adamcameron.me/2012/11/problem-with-session-replication-with.html https://forums.adobe.com/thread/1238702?start=0&tstart=0 Does deselecting the sticky session auto enables the session replication? But no where i got a solutions. Anyone solved this problem?

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  • Firefox 16 freezes or crashes when playing Youtube or flash videos

    - by Matt
    Using the most up to date Firefox (16.0.2), and Adobe Flash. Whenever I go to any youtube video or flash video on another page, Firefox starts the video, but only plays the audio, and then when I make any click on anywhere within Firefox, it gets completely stuck. It freezes and the only way to get it to close is to go to task manager. I restarted in Safe Mode and it did the same thing. Windows 7 64 bit.

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  • How to attach files to an email in Windows Phone 7.5 Mango

    - by Vaibhav Garg
    In the default email client in Windows Phone 7.5 Mango, how can arbitrary files(.zip, .mp3, .txt, .pdf etc) be attached. As the storage is sand-boxed, the file handler can implement hooks to the email client, as MS-Office does and Adobe Reader doesn't, but the email client can not access files in the Phone's storage. Is there a way, or a work around? I my usage pattern, I tend to send a lot of pdfs, and am unable to do that!

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  • PPTX to PDF -> Hyperlinks failed

    - by Joe
    Hi, I have a Powerpoint 2007 document with hyperlinks to other slides and external docs both on the master layout and on serveral slides. When I try to convert it to PDF, it loses all the hyperlinks. I have the following Questions: Which PDF-Converter does not kill my Hyperlinks made in the Powerpoint Layout master? I tried Adobe and DoPDF. And how do I have to setup the prog/converter? thanks in advance!

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  • Debugging iFilter plug-in (PDF indexing)

    - by Trevor Sullivan
    I have the official Adobe x64 iFilter PDF plug-in and the FoxIt Software iFilter PDF plug-in installed, and neither one seems to be allowing me to index the contents of PDF files. So far, I've: Added my data folder into the Indexing service configuration Ensured that PDF files are configured to index "file properties and contents" Rebuilt the index from scratch But, when I search, I can only search for PDF file names, not the contents of them. Any ideas on how to debug this issue?

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  • Print Business card

    - by Tural Teyyuboglu
    I'm trying to create business card on adobe Photoshop. But I feel that, PS is not right choose for this reason: First of all after creating 1 business card, I can't duplicate it automatically to fill a4 page. I have to do it manually, one by one by duplicating 1 business card. After googling a bit,I've found another application but it'stoo simple, no way to change standarts templates. Which application is right for professional business card design?

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  • Flash player 11.4 hungs firefox immediatly after start

    - by killer_PL
    I have installed Flash player 11.4.402.287 on a "fresh" PC, moments after installing Windows, drivers, directX etc. After installing Flash Player Firefox totally hungs immediatly after run. First page (adobe page, because it was launched before closing firefox) doen't load. I see new tab but FF goes hung to zero-responsivity, even loading icon stops in single position. KMPlayer, wich uses firefox also hungs. How to solve this issue ?

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  • Can multiple windows users connect to a Mac Mini OS X Server and run applications in parallel?

    - by ilight
    I want to validate the current situation :- I have multiple users who have to use designing applications like Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator etc and maybe some Mac specific applications like iWork and they need to be working on the applications in parallel. Can I setup a Mac Mini OS X Server and create separate user accounts and give to these users so that they can remote login to the OS X Server simultaneously from their Windows machines and use any application they want? In crux, can they share the server resources and applications from their windows machines?

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  • Why can't I 'justify' text that I have copied from PDF into MS Word?

    - by Uday Kanth
    I find it really annoying that when I copy text that looks good in Adobe Reader into Word, the sentences which are left-aligned by default won't change accordingly when I press 'Justify'. The only way I could get the result I need is to press back-spaces and Delete key to align the right border. Why is this? Here's an example from the Word document. The text is right- and center-aligning perfectly but Justify does not seem to work.

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  • How can I automatically restore all open PDF files after rebooting in Windows?

    - by Coldblackice
    I've tried using "Cache My Work" (http://cachemywork.codeplex.com/), but unfortunately, it only restores one instance of a program that was open upon rebooting. So when I have five separate Adobe Acrobat Pro windows open (each with its own PDF document), when I reboot, Cache My Work will only reopen one of them (not sure how CMW chooses which PDF to reopen, either). Besides switching to another PDF program (like one with tabs), is there a program that can do this?

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  • After-meeting Free Pizza Social is back to Fladotnet's West Palm Beach .Net User Group

    - by Sam Abraham
    Sherlock Staffing is bringing back the free Pizza/Soda after-meeting social to Fladotnet's West Palm Beach .Net User Group. Group members will have ample time to network and share experiences while enjoying pizza and soda after each meeting. Alex Funkhouser, Sherlock Staffing's President and Chief Talent Agent, is a continuous supporter of the .Net community with Sherlock Staffing maintaining a strong presence in every user group and quickly stepping-in as sponsors to meet any arising community need. In addition to providing the Free Pizza and Soda, Sherlock Staffing will also maintain on-site presence to bring to members of the West Palm Beach .Net User Group the latest insider view on the Job Market and keep the group posted with available opportunities. Alex can be reached at: [email protected]. Check out Sherlock Staffing's Website at: http://www.sherstaff.com About Sherlock Staffing SherStaff is the premier staffing and consulting source for technical talent in Florida and beyond. The company provides recruiting and consulting services to both Fortune 1000 companies and to job candidates in a wide range of technology areas of expertise including the Microsoft Technologies, Oracle, WebSphere, Java/J2EE, and open source/Linux based technologies.  The primary focus is recruiting application developers, network engineers and database administrators. The company prides itself on the long term relationships established with both employers and employees to ensure placement of the best quality candidates in the top quality jobs.

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  • MySQL at Mobile World Congress (on Valentine's Day...)

    - by mat.keep(at)oracle.com
    It is that time of year again when the mobile communications industry converges on Barcelona for what many regard as the premier telecommunications show of the year.Starting on February 14th, what better way for a Brit like me to spend Valentines Day with 50,000 mobile industry leaders (my wife doesn't tend to read this blog, so I'm reasonably safe with that statement).As ever, Oracle has an extensive presence at the show, and part of that presence this year includes MySQL.We will be running a live demonstration of the MySQL Cluster database on Booth 7C18 in the App Planet.The demonstration will show how the MySQL Cluster Connector for Java is implemented to provide native connectivity to the carrier grade MySQL Cluster database from Java ME clients via Java SE virtual machines and Java EE servers.  The demonstration will show how end-to-end Java services remain continuously available during both catastrophic failures and scheduled maintenance activities.The MySQL Cluster Connector for Java provides both a native Java API and JPA plug-in that directly maps Java objects to relational tables stored in the MySQL Cluster database, without the overhead and complexity of having to transform objects to JDBC, and then SQL  The result is 10x higher throughput, and a simpler development model for Java engineers.Stop by the stand for a demonstration, and an opportunity to speak with the MySQL telecoms team who will share experiences on how MySQL is being used to bring the innovation of the web to the carrier network.Of course, if you can't make it to Barcelona, you can still learn more about the MySQL Cluster Connector for Java from this whitepaper and are free to download it as part of MySQL Cluster Community Edition  Let us know via the comments if you have Java applications that you think will benefit from the MySQL Cluster Connector for JavaI can't promise that Valentines Day at MWC will be the time you fall in love with MySQL Cluster...but I'm confident you will at least develop a healthy respect for it  

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  • Globe Trotters: Asian Healthcare CIOs need ‘Security Inside Out’ Approach

    - by Tanu Sood
    In our second edition of Globe trotters, wanted to share a feature article that was recently published in Enterprise Innovation. EnterpriseInnovation.net, part of Questex Media Group, is Asia's premier business and technology publication. The article featured MOH Holdings (a holding company of Singapore’s Public Healthcare Institutions) and highlighted the project around National Electronic Health Record (NEHR) system currently being deployed within Singapore.  According to the feature, the NEHR system was built to facilitate seamless exchanges of medical information as patients move across different healthcare settings and to give healthcare providers more timely access to patient’s healthcare records in Singapore. The NEHR consolidates all clinically relevant information from patients’ visits across the healthcare system throughout their lives and pulls them in as a single record. It allows for data sharing, making it accessible to authorized healthcare providers, across the continuum of care throughout the country. In healthcare, patient data privacy is critical as is the need to avoid unauthorized access to the electronic medical records. As Alan Dawson, director for infrastructure and operations at MOH Holdings is quoted in the feature, “Protecting the perimeter is no longer enough. Healthcare CIOs today need to adopt a ‘security inside out’ approach that protects information assets all the way from databases to end points.” Oracle has long advocated the ‘Security Inside Out’ approach. From operating systems, infrastructure to databases, middleware all the way to applications, organizations need to build in security at every layer and between these layers. This comprehensive approach to security has never been as important as it is today in the social, mobile, cloud (SoMoClo) world. To learn more about Oracle’s Security Inside Out approach, visit our Security page. And for more information on how to prevent unauthorized access, streamline user administration, bolster security and enforce compliance in healthcare, learn more about Oracle Identity Management.

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  • Flash/Flex/Air and iOS

    - by David Archer
    I'm just a little confused with all of the news recently regarding the cancellation of mobile flash, so was hoping for a little help. I've had a search through and can't find the answers to these questions, so any help would be great. First up, I'm looking to create a game in Flash first, to test whether the concept works as a fun game (on Newgrounds/Kongregate/Facebook etc.). Would it be best to use Flash CS5.5, or Flash Builder? Secondly, with mobile flash now being discontinued by Adobe, could I still port this game over to iOS through the Flash platform, or would it be better at that point to re-write the whole game using Objective C? (NOTE: I'm not an Objective C developer, but am instead a Javascript and Actionscript dev). Any help would be great. Thanks!

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  • Toorcon 15 (2013)

    - by danx
    The Toorcon gang (senior staff): h1kari (founder), nfiltr8, and Geo Introduction to Toorcon 15 (2013) A Tale of One Software Bypass of MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Breaching SSL, One Byte at a Time Running at 99%: Surviving an Application DoS Security Response in the Age of Mass Customized Attacks x86 Rewriting: Defeating RoP and other Shinanighans Clowntown Express: interesting bugs and running a bug bounty program Active Fingerprinting of Encrypted VPNs Making Attacks Go Backwards Mask Your Checksums—The Gorry Details Adventures with weird machines thirty years after "Reflections on Trusting Trust" Introduction to Toorcon 15 (2013) Toorcon 15 is the 15th annual security conference held in San Diego. I've attended about a third of them and blogged about previous conferences I attended here starting in 2003. As always, I've only summarized the talks I attended and interested me enough to write about them. Be aware that I may have misrepresented the speaker's remarks and that they are not my remarks or opinion, or those of my employer, so don't quote me or them. Those seeking further details may contact the speakers directly or use The Google. For some talks, I have a URL for further information. A Tale of One Software Bypass of MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Andrew Furtak and Oleksandr Bazhaniuk Yuri Bulygin, Oleksandr ("Alex") Bazhaniuk, and (not present) Andrew Furtak Yuri and Alex talked about UEFI and Bootkits and bypassing MS Windows 8 Secure Boot, with vendor recommendations. They previously gave this talk at the BlackHat 2013 conference. MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Overview UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is interface between hardware and OS. UEFI is processor and architecture independent. Malware can replace bootloader (bootx64.efi, bootmgfw.efi). Once replaced can modify kernel. Trivial to replace bootloader. Today many legacy bootkits—UEFI replaces them most of them. MS Windows 8 Secure Boot verifies everything you load, either through signatures or hashes. UEFI firmware relies on secure update (with signed update). You would think Secure Boot would rely on ROM (such as used for phones0, but you can't do that for PCs—PCs use writable memory with signatures DXE core verifies the UEFI boat loader(s) OS Loader (winload.efi, winresume.efi) verifies the OS kernel A chain of trust is established with a root key (Platform Key, PK), which is a cert belonging to the platform vendor. Key Exchange Keys (KEKs) verify an "authorized" database (db), and "forbidden" database (dbx). X.509 certs with SHA-1/SHA-256 hashes. Keys are stored in non-volatile (NV) flash-based NVRAM. Boot Services (BS) allow adding/deleting keys (can't be accessed once OS starts—which uses Run-Time (RT)). Root cert uses RSA-2048 public keys and PKCS#7 format signatures. SecureBoot — enable disable image signature checks SetupMode — update keys, self-signed keys, and secure boot variables CustomMode — allows updating keys Secure Boot policy settings are: always execute, never execute, allow execute on security violation, defer execute on security violation, deny execute on security violation, query user on security violation Attacking MS Windows 8 Secure Boot Secure Boot does NOT protect from physical access. Can disable from console. Each BIOS vendor implements Secure Boot differently. There are several platform and BIOS vendors. It becomes a "zoo" of implementations—which can be taken advantage of. Secure Boot is secure only when all vendors implement it correctly. Allow only UEFI firmware signed updates protect UEFI firmware from direct modification in flash memory protect FW update components program SPI controller securely protect secure boot policy settings in nvram protect runtime api disable compatibility support module which allows unsigned legacy Can corrupt the Platform Key (PK) EFI root certificate variable in SPI flash. If PK is not found, FW enters setup mode wich secure boot turned off. Can also exploit TPM in a similar manner. One is not supposed to be able to directly modify the PK in SPI flash from the OS though. But they found a bug that they can exploit from User Mode (undisclosed) and demoed the exploit. It loaded and ran their own bootkit. The exploit requires a reboot. Multiple vendors are vulnerable. They will disclose this exploit to vendors in the future. Recommendations: allow only signed updates protect UEFI fw in ROM protect EFI variable store in ROM Breaching SSL, One Byte at a Time Yoel Gluck and Angelo Prado Angelo Prado and Yoel Gluck, Salesforce.com CRIME is software that performs a "compression oracle attack." This is possible because the SSL protocol doesn't hide length, and because SSL compresses the header. CRIME requests with every possible character and measures the ciphertext length. Look for the plaintext which compresses the most and looks for the cookie one byte-at-a-time. SSL Compression uses LZ77 to reduce redundancy. Huffman coding replaces common byte sequences with shorter codes. US CERT thinks the SSL compression problem is fixed, but it isn't. They convinced CERT that it wasn't fixed and they issued a CVE. BREACH, breachattrack.com BREACH exploits the SSL response body (Accept-Encoding response, Content-Encoding). It takes advantage of the fact that the response is not compressed. BREACH uses gzip and needs fairly "stable" pages that are static for ~30 seconds. It needs attacker-supplied content (say from a web form or added to a URL parameter). BREACH listens to a session's requests and responses, then inserts extra requests and responses. Eventually, BREACH guesses a session's secret key. Can use compression to guess contents one byte at-a-time. For example, "Supersecret SupersecreX" (a wrong guess) compresses 10 bytes, and "Supersecret Supersecret" (a correct guess) compresses 11 bytes, so it can find each character by guessing every character. To start the guess, BREACH needs at least three known initial characters in the response sequence. Compression length then "leaks" information. Some roadblocks include no winners (all guesses wrong) or too many winners (multiple possibilities that compress the same). The solutions include: lookahead (guess 2 or 3 characters at-a-time instead of 1 character). Expensive rollback to last known conflict check compression ratio can brute-force first 3 "bootstrap" characters, if needed (expensive) block ciphers hide exact plain text length. Solution is to align response in advance to block size Mitigations length: use variable padding secrets: dynamic CSRF tokens per request secret: change over time separate secret to input-less servlets Future work eiter understand DEFLATE/GZIP HTTPS extensions Running at 99%: Surviving an Application DoS Ryan Huber Ryan Huber, Risk I/O Ryan first discussed various ways to do a denial of service (DoS) attack against web services. One usual method is to find a slow web page and do several wgets. Or download large files. Apache is not well suited at handling a large number of connections, but one can put something in front of it Can use Apache alternatives, such as nginx How to identify malicious hosts short, sudden web requests user-agent is obvious (curl, python) same url requested repeatedly no web page referer (not normal) hidden links. hide a link and see if a bot gets it restricted access if not your geo IP (unless the website is global) missing common headers in request regular timing first seen IP at beginning of attack count requests per hosts (usually a very large number) Use of captcha can mitigate attacks, but you'll lose a lot of genuine users. Bouncer, goo.gl/c2vyEc and www.github.com/rawdigits/Bouncer Bouncer is software written by Ryan in netflow. Bouncer has a small, unobtrusive footprint and detects DoS attempts. It closes blacklisted sockets immediately (not nice about it, no proper close connection). Aggregator collects requests and controls your web proxies. Need NTP on the front end web servers for clean data for use by bouncer. Bouncer is also useful for a popularity storm ("Slashdotting") and scraper storms. Future features: gzip collection data, documentation, consumer library, multitask, logging destroyed connections. Takeaways: DoS mitigation is easier with a complete picture Bouncer designed to make it easier to detect and defend DoS—not a complete cure Security Response in the Age of Mass Customized Attacks Peleus Uhley and Karthik Raman Peleus Uhley and Karthik Raman, Adobe ASSET, blogs.adobe.com/asset/ Peleus and Karthik talked about response to mass-customized exploits. Attackers behave much like a business. "Mass customization" refers to concept discussed in the book Future Perfect by Stan Davis of Harvard Business School. Mass customization is differentiating a product for an individual customer, but at a mass production price. For example, the same individual with a debit card receives basically the same customized ATM experience around the world. Or designing your own PC from commodity parts. Exploit kits are another example of mass customization. The kits support multiple browsers and plugins, allows new modules. Exploit kits are cheap and customizable. Organized gangs use exploit kits. A group at Berkeley looked at 77,000 malicious websites (Grier et al., "Manufacturing Compromise: The Emergence of Exploit-as-a-Service", 2012). They found 10,000 distinct binaries among them, but derived from only a dozen or so exploit kits. Characteristics of Mass Malware: potent, resilient, relatively low cost Technical characteristics: multiple OS, multipe payloads, multiple scenarios, multiple languages, obfuscation Response time for 0-day exploits has gone down from ~40 days 5 years ago to about ~10 days now. So the drive with malware is towards mass customized exploits, to avoid detection There's plenty of evicence that exploit development has Project Manager bureaucracy. They infer from the malware edicts to: support all versions of reader support all versions of windows support all versions of flash support all browsers write large complex, difficult to main code (8750 lines of JavaScript for example Exploits have "loose coupling" of multipe versions of software (adobe), OS, and browser. This allows specific attacks against specific versions of multiple pieces of software. Also allows exploits of more obscure software/OS/browsers and obscure versions. Gave examples of exploits that exploited 2, 3, 6, or 14 separate bugs. However, these complete exploits are more likely to be buggy or fragile in themselves and easier to defeat. Future research includes normalizing malware and Javascript. Conclusion: The coming trend is that mass-malware with mass zero-day attacks will result in mass customization of attacks. x86 Rewriting: Defeating RoP and other Shinanighans Richard Wartell Richard Wartell The attack vector we are addressing here is: First some malware causes a buffer overflow. The malware has no program access, but input access and buffer overflow code onto stack Later the stack became non-executable. The workaround malware used was to write a bogus return address to the stack jumping to malware Later came ASLR (Address Space Layout Randomization) to randomize memory layout and make addresses non-deterministic. The workaround malware used was to jump t existing code segments in the program that can be used in bad ways "RoP" is Return-oriented Programming attacks. RoP attacks use your own code and write return address on stack to (existing) expoitable code found in program ("gadgets"). Pinkie Pie was paid $60K last year for a RoP attack. One solution is using anti-RoP compilers that compile source code with NO return instructions. ASLR does not randomize address space, just "gadgets". IPR/ILR ("Instruction Location Randomization") randomizes each instruction with a virtual machine. Richard's goal was to randomize a binary with no source code access. He created "STIR" (Self-Transofrming Instruction Relocation). STIR disassembles binary and operates on "basic blocks" of code. The STIR disassembler is conservative in what to disassemble. Each basic block is moved to a random location in memory. Next, STIR writes new code sections with copies of "basic blocks" of code in randomized locations. The old code is copied and rewritten with jumps to new code. the original code sections in the file is marked non-executible. STIR has better entropy than ASLR in location of code. Makes brute force attacks much harder. STIR runs on MS Windows (PEM) and Linux (ELF). It eliminated 99.96% or more "gadgets" (i.e., moved the address). Overhead usually 5-10% on MS Windows, about 1.5-4% on Linux (but some code actually runs faster!). The unique thing about STIR is it requires no source access and the modified binary fully works! Current work is to rewrite code to enforce security policies. For example, don't create a *.{exe,msi,bat} file. Or don't connect to the network after reading from the disk. Clowntown Express: interesting bugs and running a bug bounty program Collin Greene Collin Greene, Facebook Collin talked about Facebook's bug bounty program. Background at FB: FB has good security frameworks, such as security teams, external audits, and cc'ing on diffs. But there's lots of "deep, dark, forgotten" parts of legacy FB code. Collin gave several examples of bountied bugs. Some bounty submissions were on software purchased from a third-party (but bounty claimers don't know and don't care). We use security questions, as does everyone else, but they are basically insecure (often easily discoverable). Collin didn't expect many bugs from the bounty program, but they ended getting 20+ good bugs in first 24 hours and good submissions continue to come in. Bug bounties bring people in with different perspectives, and are paid only for success. Bug bounty is a better use of a fixed amount of time and money versus just code review or static code analysis. The Bounty program started July 2011 and paid out $1.5 million to date. 14% of the submissions have been high priority problems that needed to be fixed immediately. The best bugs come from a small % of submitters (as with everything else)—the top paid submitters are paid 6 figures a year. Spammers like to backstab competitors. The youngest sumitter was 13. Some submitters have been hired. Bug bounties also allows to see bugs that were missed by tools or reviews, allowing improvement in the process. Bug bounties might not work for traditional software companies where the product has release cycle or is not on Internet. Active Fingerprinting of Encrypted VPNs Anna Shubina Anna Shubina, Dartmouth Institute for Security, Technology, and Society (I missed the start of her talk because another track went overtime. But I have the DVD of the talk, so I'll expand later) IPsec leaves fingerprints. Using netcat, one can easily visually distinguish various crypto chaining modes just from packet timing on a chart (example, DES-CBC versus AES-CBC) One can tell a lot about VPNs just from ping roundtrips (such as what router is used) Delayed packets are not informative about a network, especially if far away from the network More needed to explore about how TCP works in real life with respect to timing Making Attacks Go Backwards Fuzzynop FuzzyNop, Mandiant This talk is not about threat attribution (finding who), product solutions, politics, or sales pitches. But who are making these malware threats? It's not a single person or group—they have diverse skill levels. There's a lot of fat-fingered fumblers out there. Always look for low-hanging fruit first: "hiding" malware in the temp, recycle, or root directories creation of unnamed scheduled tasks obvious names of files and syscalls ("ClearEventLog") uncleared event logs. Clearing event log in itself, and time of clearing, is a red flag and good first clue to look for on a suspect system Reverse engineering is hard. Disassembler use takes practice and skill. A popular tool is IDA Pro, but it takes multiple interactive iterations to get a clean disassembly. Key loggers are used a lot in targeted attacks. They are typically custom code or built in a backdoor. A big tip-off is that non-printable characters need to be printed out (such as "[Ctrl]" "[RightShift]") or time stamp printf strings. Look for these in files. Presence is not proof they are used. Absence is not proof they are not used. Java exploits. Can parse jar file with idxparser.py and decomile Java file. Java typially used to target tech companies. Backdoors are the main persistence mechanism (provided externally) for malware. Also malware typically needs command and control. Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ad-Hoc Static Code Analysis John Ashaman John Ashaman, Security Innovation Initially John tried to analyze open source files with open source static analysis tools, but these showed thousands of false positives. Also tried using grep, but tis fails to find anything even mildly complex. So next John decided to write his own tool. His approach was to first generate a call graph then analyze the graph. However, the problem is that making a call graph is really hard. For example, one problem is "evil" coding techniques, such as passing function pointer. First the tool generated an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) with the nodes created from method declarations and edges created from method use. Then the tool generated a control flow graph with the goal to find a path through the AST (a maze) from source to sink. The algorithm is to look at adjacent nodes to see if any are "scary" (a vulnerability), using heuristics for search order. The tool, called "Scat" (Static Code Analysis Tool), currently looks for C# vulnerabilities and some simple PHP. Later, he plans to add more PHP, then JSP and Java. For more information see his posts in Security Innovation blog and NRefactory on GitHub. Mask Your Checksums—The Gorry Details Eric (XlogicX) Davisson Eric (XlogicX) Davisson Sometimes in emailing or posting TCP/IP packets to analyze problems, you may want to mask the IP address. But to do this correctly, you need to mask the checksum too, or you'll leak information about the IP. Problem reports found in stackoverflow.com, sans.org, and pastebin.org are usually not masked, but a few companies do care. If only the IP is masked, the IP may be guessed from checksum (that is, it leaks data). Other parts of packet may leak more data about the IP. TCP and IP checksums both refer to the same data, so can get more bits of information out of using both checksums than just using one checksum. Also, one can usually determine the OS from the TTL field and ports in a packet header. If we get hundreds of possible results (16x each masked nibble that is unknown), one can do other things to narrow the results, such as look at packet contents for domain or geo information. With hundreds of results, can import as CSV format into a spreadsheet. Can corelate with geo data and see where each possibility is located. Eric then demoed a real email report with a masked IP packet attached. Was able to find the exact IP address, given the geo and university of the sender. Point is if you're going to mask a packet, do it right. Eric wouldn't usually bother, but do it correctly if at all, to not create a false impression of security. Adventures with weird machines thirty years after "Reflections on Trusting Trust" Sergey Bratus Sergey Bratus, Dartmouth College (and Julian Bangert and Rebecca Shapiro, not present) "Reflections on Trusting Trust" refers to Ken Thompson's classic 1984 paper. "You can't trust code that you did not totally create yourself." There's invisible links in the chain-of-trust, such as "well-installed microcode bugs" or in the compiler, and other planted bugs. Thompson showed how a compiler can introduce and propagate bugs in unmodified source. But suppose if there's no bugs and you trust the author, can you trust the code? Hell No! There's too many factors—it's Babylonian in nature. Why not? Well, Input is not well-defined/recognized (code's assumptions about "checked" input will be violated (bug/vunerabiliy). For example, HTML is recursive, but Regex checking is not recursive. Input well-formed but so complex there's no telling what it does For example, ELF file parsing is complex and has multiple ways of parsing. Input is seen differently by different pieces of program or toolchain Any Input is a program input executes on input handlers (drives state changes & transitions) only a well-defined execution model can be trusted (regex/DFA, PDA, CFG) Input handler either is a "recognizer" for the inputs as a well-defined language (see langsec.org) or it's a "virtual machine" for inputs to drive into pwn-age ELF ABI (UNIX/Linux executible file format) case study. Problems can arise from these steps (without planting bugs): compiler linker loader ld.so/rtld relocator DWARF (debugger info) exceptions The problem is you can't really automatically analyze code (it's the "halting problem" and undecidable). Only solution is to freeze code and sign it. But you can't freeze everything! Can't freeze ASLR or loading—must have tables and metadata. Any sufficiently complex input data is the same as VM byte code Example, ELF relocation entries + dynamic symbols == a Turing Complete Machine (TM). @bxsays created a Turing machine in Linux from relocation data (not code) in an ELF file. For more information, see Rebecca "bx" Shapiro's presentation from last year's Toorcon, "Programming Weird Machines with ELF Metadata" @bxsays did same thing with Mach-O bytecode Or a DWARF exception handling data .eh_frame + glibc == Turning Machine X86 MMU (IDT, GDT, TSS): used address translation to create a Turning Machine. Page handler reads and writes (on page fault) memory. Uses a page table, which can be used as Turning Machine byte code. Example on Github using this TM that will fly a glider across the screen Next Sergey talked about "Parser Differentials". That having one input format, but two parsers, will create confusion and opportunity for exploitation. For example, CSRs are parsed during creation by cert requestor and again by another parser at the CA. Another example is ELF—several parsers in OS tool chain, which are all different. Can have two different Program Headers (PHDRs) because ld.so parses multiple PHDRs. The second PHDR can completely transform the executable. This is described in paper in the first issue of International Journal of PoC. Conclusions trusting computers not only about bugs! Bugs are part of a problem, but no by far all of it complex data formats means bugs no "chain of trust" in Babylon! (that is, with parser differentials) we need to squeeze complexity out of data until data stops being "code equivalent" Further information See and langsec.org. USENIX WOOT 2013 (Workshop on Offensive Technologies) for "weird machines" papers and videos.

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  • Ask How-To Geek: Tiling Windows, iOS Remote Desktop, and Getting a Handle on Windows 7 Libraries

    - by Jason Fitzpatrick
    This week we’re taking a look at how to tile application windows in Windows 7, remote controlling your desktop from iOS devices, and understanding exactly what Windows 7 libraries are. Once a week we dip into our reader mailbag and help readers solve their problems, sharing the useful solutions with you in the process. Read on to see the fixes for this week’s reader dilemmas. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC How To Colorize Black and White Vintage Photographs in Photoshop How To Get SSH Command-Line Access to Windows 7 Using Cygwin The How-To Geek Video Guide to Using Windows 7 Speech Recognition How To Create Your Own Custom ASCII Art from Any Image How To Process Camera Raw Without Paying for Adobe Photoshop How Do You Block Annoying Text Message (SMS) Spam? Battlestar Galactica – Caprica Map of the 12 Colonies (Wallpaper Also Available) View Enlarged Versions of Thumbnail Images with Thumbnail Zoom for Firefox IntoNow Identifies Any TV Show by Sound Walk Score Calculates a Neighborhood’s Pedestrian Friendliness Factor Fantasy World at Twilight Wallpaper Hack a Wireless Doorbell into a Snail Mail Indicator

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  • Commercial Software Development – my presentation for DDD Scotland now available for download

    - by Liam Westley
    Thanks to everyone who voted me onto the DDD Scotland agenda, and for the fantastic audience some of whom you can see in Craig Murphy's photos of the event, http://www.flickr.com/photos/craigmurphy/4592461745/in/set-72157624025673156 http://www.flickr.com/photos/craigmurphy/4592467645/in/set-72157624025673156 I hope those who came enjoyed the session had a good time, and for them or those who were on one of the other tracks, or who couldn’t squeeze in; I’ve uploaded the presentation for you to download.  I created a more simple, and smaller, PowerPoint without all the fancy animations and video clips, which is available as a compressed ZIP file,   http://www.tigernews.co.uk/blog-twickers/dddscot/commercialsoftwaredev.zip I also printed the presentation with speaker notes (which contain most of the information I was talking about) using PDFCreator, which is available as an Adobe Acrobat PDF here,   http://www.tigernews.co.uk/blog-twickers/dddscot/commercialsoftwaredev.pdf ... and if PowerPoint presentations don't do it for you, also thanks to Craig Murphy, you can watch a video of the presentation that I gave at DDD8 in Microsoft TVP, Reading,  http://vimeo.com/9216563

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  • Oracle Database 11g R2 támogatott SAP alatt is

    - by Lajos Sárecz
    Húsvét óta már SAP alatt is használható az Oracle Database 11g R2. Köztudott, hogy az SAP csak a Release 2-re ad ki támogatást, így ez most egy igazán örömteli hír az SAP felhasználóknak, hiszen az alábbi 11g R2 újdonságokat tudják alkalmazni SAP környezetben: • Advanced Compression opció (táblára, RMAN mentésre, expdp-re, Data Guard hálózatra) • Real Application Testing • Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Database Vault • Oracle Database 11g Release 2 RAC • Advanced Encryption táblaterekre, RMAN mentésekre, expdp-re, Data Guard hálózatra • Direct NFS • Deferred Segments • Online Patching Azaz például tömöríthetové válik az SAP adatbázisa, vagy az abból készített mentések. Az eddigi tapasztalatok szerint a tömörítés aránya adatbázistól függoen 2-4-szeres. Az adatbázis upgrade és minden egyéb adatbázis infrastruktúrát érinto változatatás kockázata jelentosen csökkentheto lesz a Real Application Testing alkalmazásával. A rendszergazdai szerepkörök szeparaláhatóvá válnak a Database Vault felhasználásával. A Real Application Clusters 11g R2 újdonságai is elérheto lesznek. A Transparent Data Encryption révén a táblaterek és a mentések titkosíthatók úgy, hogy az alkalmazás számára mindez transzparens, azonban a médiához közvetlenül hozzáférve nem lesznek visszafejthetok az adatok. Támogatott lesz a Direct NFS kliens, ezzel NFS elérési sebesség jelentosen javul. A Deffered Segments révén pedig a tábla szegmensek csak akkor kerülnek lefoglalásra, amikor adat kerül a táblába. Ez azért hasznos, mert általában alkalmazások telepítésekor létrejön minden tábla, azonban sok táblába nem kerül adat. Ezáltal mind a telepítés ideje, mind az adatbázis mérete csökkentheto. Az Online Patching pedig lehetové teszi a leállításmentes patch telepítést. Hát azt gondolom ezek vonzó lehetoségek, érdemes betervezni a közeljövobe az SAP rendszerek alatti adatbázis frissítését, hiszen a 10g verzió Premier Support idén nyáron lejár. Az upgrade-hez pedig mindenképp javaslom a Real Application Testing használatát, amivel az éles terhelés mellett teszthelheto teszt környezetben az upgrade. A Sun Oracle Database Machine és az Exadata sajnos még nem támogatott SAP alatt, mivel az ASM certifikáció még nem zárult le. A hírek szerint 2011 elejére várható, hogy ez megtörténik.

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