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  • Test if a method is an override?

    - by Water Cooler v2
    Is there a way to tell if a method is an override? For e.g. public class Foo { public virtual void DoSomething() {} public virtual int GimmeIntPleez() { return 0; } } public class BabyFoo: Foo { public override int GimmeIntPleez() { return -1; } } Is it possible to reflect on BabyFoo and tell if GimmeIntPleez is an override?

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  • How to test if Scala combinator parser matches a string

    - by W.P. McNeill
    I have a Scala combinator parser that handles comma-delimited lists of decimal numbers. object NumberListParser extends RegexParsers { def number: Parser[Double] = """\d+(\.\d*)?""".r ^^ (_.toDouble) def numbers: Parser[List[Double]] = rep1sep(number, ",") def itMatches(s: String): Boolean = parseAll(numbers, s) match { case _: Success[_] => true case _ => false } } The itMatches function returns true when given a string that matches the pattern. For example: NumberListParser.itMatches("12.4,3.141") // returns true NumberListParser.itMatches("bogus") // returns false Is there a more terse way to do this? I couldn't find one in the documentation, but my function sees a bit verbose, so I wonder if I'm overlooking something.

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  • Application test recommendation

    - by Polaris
    I never use unitests in my apps . I know that exists many technologies for testing .NET based application. (For example NUnit). Which of this tools more comfortable and more understandable to use. Please can you show the good articles where can I find information about unitests and understand key situation where I must use them?

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  • Saving a reference to a int.

    - by Scott Chamberlain
    Here is a much simplified version of what I am trying to do static void Main(string[] args) { int test = 0; int test2 = 0; Test A = new Test(ref test); Test B = new Test(ref test); Test C = new Test(ref test2); A.write(); //Writes 1 should write 1 B.write(); //Writes 1 should write 2 C.write(); //Writes 1 should write 1 Console.ReadLine(); } class Test { int _a; public Test(ref int a) { _a = a; //I loose the reference here } public void write() { var b = System.Threading.Interlocked.Increment(ref _a); Console.WriteLine(b); } } In my real code I have a int that will be incremented by many threads however where the threads a called it will not be easy to pass it the parameter that points it at the int(In the real code this is happening inside a IEnumerator). So a requirement is the reference must be made in the constructor. Also not all threads will be pointing at the same single base int so I can not use a global static int either. I know I can just box the int inside a class and pass the class around but I wanted to know if that is the correct way of doing something like this? What I think could be the correct way: static void Main(string[] args) { Holder holder = new Holder(0); Holder holder2 = new Holder(0); Test A = new Test(holder); Test B = new Test(holder); Test C = new Test(holder2); A.write(); //Writes 1 should write 1 B.write(); //Writes 2 should write 2 C.write(); //Writes 1 should write 1 Console.ReadLine(); } class Holder { public Holder(int i) { num = i; } public int num; } class Test { Holder _holder; public Test(Holder holder) { _holder = holder; } public void write() { var b = System.Threading.Interlocked.Increment(ref _holder.num); Console.WriteLine(b); } } Is there a better way than this?

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  • SQL University: Database testing and refactoring tools and examples

    - by Mladen Prajdic
    This is a post for a great idea called SQL University started by Jorge Segarra also famously known as SqlChicken on Twitter. It’s a collection of blog posts on different database related topics contributed by several smart people all over the world. So this week is mine and we’ll be talking about database testing and refactoring. In 3 posts we’ll cover: SQLU part 1 - What and why of database testing SQLU part 2 - What and why of database refactoring SQLU part 3 - Database testing and refactoring tools and examples This is the third and last part of the series and in it we’ll take a look at tools we can test and refactor with plus some an example of the both. Tools of the trade First a few thoughts about how to go about testing a database. I'm firmily against any testing tools that go into the database itself or need an extra database. Unit tests for the database and applications using the database should all be in one place using the same technology. By using database specific frameworks we fragment our tests into many places and increase test system complexity. Let’s take a look at some testing tools. 1. NUnit, xUnit, MbUnit All three are .Net testing frameworks meant to unit test .Net application. But we can test databases with them just fine. I use NUnit because I’ve always used it for work and personal projects. One day this might change. So the thing to remember is to be flexible if something better comes along. All three are quite similar and you should be able to switch between them without much problem. 2. TSQLUnit As much as this framework is helpful for the non-C# savvy folks I don’t like it for the reason I stated above. It lives in the database and thus fragments the testing infrastructure. Also it appears that it’s not being actively developed anymore. 3. DbFit I haven’t had the pleasure of trying this tool just yet but it’s on my to-do list. From what I’ve read and heard Gojko Adzic (@gojkoadzic on Twitter) has done a remarkable job with it. 4. Redgate SQL Refactor and Apex SQL Refactor Neither of these refactoring tools are free, however if you have hardcore refactoring planned they are worth while looking into. I’ve only used the Red Gate’s Refactor and was quite impressed with it. 5. Reverting the database state I’ve talked before about ways to revert a database to pre-test state after unit testing. This still holds and I haven’t changed my mind. Also make sure to read the comments as they are quite informative. I especially like the idea of setting up and tearing down the schema for each test group with NHibernate. Testing and refactoring example We’ll take a look at the simple schema and data test for a view and refactoring the SELECT * in that view. We’ll use a single table PhoneNumbers with ID and Phone columns. Then we’ll refactor the Phone column into 3 columns Prefix, Number and Suffix. Lastly we’ll remove the original Phone column. Then we’ll check how the view behaves with tests in NUnit. The comments in code explain the problem so be sure to read them. I’m assuming you know NUnit and C#. T-SQL Code C# test code USE tempdbGOCREATE TABLE PhoneNumbers( ID INT IDENTITY(1,1), Phone VARCHAR(20))GOINSERT INTO PhoneNumbers(Phone)SELECT '111 222333 444' UNION ALLSELECT '555 666777 888'GO-- notice we don't have WITH SCHEMABINDINGCREATE VIEW vPhoneNumbersAS SELECT * FROM PhoneNumbersGO-- Let's take a look at what the view returns -- If we add a new columns and rows both tests will failSELECT *FROM vPhoneNumbers GO -- DoesViewReturnCorrectColumns test will SUCCEED -- DoesViewReturnCorrectData test will SUCCEED -- refactor to split Phone column into 3 partsALTER TABLE PhoneNumbers ADD Prefix VARCHAR(3)ALTER TABLE PhoneNumbers ADD Number VARCHAR(6)ALTER TABLE PhoneNumbers ADD Suffix VARCHAR(3)GO-- update the new columnsUPDATE PhoneNumbers SET Prefix = LEFT(Phone, 3), Number = SUBSTRING(Phone, 5, 6), Suffix = RIGHT(Phone, 3)GO-- remove the old columnALTER TABLE PhoneNumbers DROP COLUMN PhoneGO-- This returns unexpected results!-- it returns 2 columns ID and Phone even though -- we don't have a Phone column anymore.-- Notice that the data is from the Prefix column-- This is a danger of SELECT *SELECT *FROM vPhoneNumbers -- DoesViewReturnCorrectColumns test will SUCCEED -- DoesViewReturnCorrectData test will FAIL -- for a fix we have to call sp_refreshview -- to refresh the view definitionEXEC sp_refreshview 'vPhoneNumbers'-- after the refresh the view returns 4 columns-- this breaks the input/output behavior of the database-- which refactoring MUST NOT doSELECT *FROM vPhoneNumbers -- DoesViewReturnCorrectColumns test will FAIL -- DoesViewReturnCorrectData test will FAIL -- to fix the input/output behavior change problem -- we have to concat the 3 columns into one named PhoneALTER VIEW vPhoneNumbersASSELECT ID, Prefix + ' ' + Number + ' ' + Suffix AS PhoneFROM PhoneNumbersGO-- now it works as expectedSELECT *FROM vPhoneNumbers -- DoesViewReturnCorrectColumns test will SUCCEED -- DoesViewReturnCorrectData test will SUCCEED -- clean upDROP VIEW vPhoneNumbersDROP TABLE PhoneNumbers [Test]public void DoesViewReturnCoorectColumns(){ // conn is a valid SqlConnection to the server's tempdb // note the SET FMTONLY ON with which we return only schema and no data using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SET FMTONLY ON; SELECT * FROM vPhoneNumbers", conn)) { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Load(cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection)); // test returned schema: number of columns, column names and data types Assert.AreEqual(dt.Columns.Count, 2); Assert.AreEqual(dt.Columns[0].Caption, "ID"); Assert.AreEqual(dt.Columns[0].DataType, typeof(int)); Assert.AreEqual(dt.Columns[1].Caption, "Phone"); Assert.AreEqual(dt.Columns[1].DataType, typeof(string)); }} [Test]public void DoesViewReturnCorrectData(){ // conn is a valid SqlConnection to the server's tempdb using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM vPhoneNumbers", conn)) { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Load(cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection)); // test returned data: number of rows and their values Assert.AreEqual(dt.Rows.Count, 2); Assert.AreEqual(dt.Rows[0]["ID"], 1); Assert.AreEqual(dt.Rows[0]["Phone"], "111 222333 444"); Assert.AreEqual(dt.Rows[1]["ID"], 2); Assert.AreEqual(dt.Rows[1]["Phone"], "555 666777 888"); }}   With this simple example we’ve seen how a very simple schema can cause a lot of problems in the whole application/database system if it doesn’t have tests. Imagine what would happen if some outside process would depend on that view. It would get wrong data and propagate it silently throughout the system. And that is not good. So have tests at least for the crucial parts of your systems. And with that we conclude the Database Testing and Refactoring week at SQL University. Hope you learned something new and enjoy the learning weeks to come. Have fun!

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  • Gallio and VS2010

    - by andrewstopford
    With the launch of VS2010 this week it seems like a good time to talk about some of the work that has been going on with Gallio to integrate with VS2010. This work will be a feature of the next release, no beta yet but you are welcome to try the nightly builds (all normal risks apply etc). Just like VS08 you can use the VS Test Runner to run Gallio tests (such as MbUnit) in the same way you can MSTest. With Gallio installed the Test View window shows a Gallio (in this case MbUnit) test loaded (note the icon). If I go ahead and run this test I can see it working in the Test Results window. In VS2010 you can collect additonal data that a test can include (system data, intellitrace data etc). If I set VS to collect system data and run the test I can click the 'Test run completed' link and see that it is included. If I also right click in the Test Results window I can select "View Test Results Details" and a Gallio test results window will load up. Note that Gallio treats the collector data as attachments so you can go ahead and view the attachment data right from the report.

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  • Disable ProxyPass rules within a virtual host on apache 2

    - by chinto
    I have a global proxypass rule in httpd.conf rules at global level ProxyPass /test/css http://myserver:7788/test/css ProxyPassReverse /test/css http://myserver:7788/test/css and I have a virtual host Listen localhost:7788 NameVirtualHost localhost:7788 <VirtualHost localhost:7788> Alias /test/css/ "C:/jboss/server/default/deploy/test.ear/test-web-app.war/css/" </VirtualHost> I would like to disable all global proxypass rules applying in this virtual host? NoProxy doesn't seem to work. (The reason I would like to do this is I have below global rules which create a 502 proxy loop if applied within this virtual host #pass all requests to application server ProxyPass /test http://localhost:8080/test ProxyPassReverse /test http://localhost:8080/test ) What I'm trying to do is, serve all static content (like css) using apache, while still proxying all the rest of requests to the application server.

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  • CIFS(Samba) + ACL = not working

    - by tst
    I have two servers with Debian 5.0. server1: samba 2:3.2.5-4lenny9 smbfs 2:3.2.5-4lenny9 smb.conf: [test] comment = test path = /var/www/_test/ browseable = no only guest = yes writable = yes printable = no create mask = 0644 directory mask = 0755 server1:~# mount | grep sda3 /dev/sda3 on /var/www type ext3 (rw,acl,user_xattr) # getfacl /var/www/_test/ # file: var/www/_test/ # owner: www-data # group: www-data user::rwx group::rwx other::r-x default:user::rwx default:user:www-data:rw- default:user:testuser:rw- default:group::rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::r-x server2: samba-common 2:3.2.5-4lenny9 smbfs 2:3.2.5-4lenny9 server2:~# mount.cifs //server1/test /media/smb/test -o rw,user_xattr,acl server2:~# mount | grep test //server1/test on /media/smb/test type cifs (rw,mand) server2:~# getfacl /media/smb/test/ # file: media/smb/test/ # owner: www-data # group: www-data user::rwx group::rwx other::r-x default:user::rwx default:user:www-data:rw- default:user:testuser:rw- default:group::rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::r-x And there is the problem: server2:~# su - testuser (reverse-i-search)`touch': touch 123 testuser@server2:~$ touch /media/smb/ testuser@server2:~$ touch /media/smb/test/123 touch: cannot touch `/media/smb/test/123': Permission denied Whats wrong?!

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  • Disable ProxyPass rules within a virtual host on apache 2

    - by chinto
    I have a global proxypass rule in httpd.conf rules at global level ProxyPass /test/css http://myserver:7788/test/css ProxyPassReverse /test/css http://myserver:7788/test/css and I have a virtual host Listen localhost:7788 NameVirtualHost localhost:7788 <VirtualHost localhost:7788> Alias /test/css/ "C:/jboss/server/default/deploy/test.ear/test-web-app.war/css/" </VirtualHost> I would like to disable all global proxypass rules applying in this virtual host? NoProxy doesn't seem to work. (The reason I would like to do this is I have below global rules which create a 502 proxy loop if applied within this virtual host #pass all requests to application server ProxyPass /test http://localhost:8080/test ProxyPassReverse /test http://localhost:8080/test ) What I'm trying to do is, serve all static content (like css) using apache, while still proxying all the rest of requests to the application server.

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  • Skipping scheduled self-tests and predicting drive EOL

    - by Steve Madsen
    For a few weeks now, smartd has been reporting that it is skipping some of its scheduled self-tests on the weekends: Apr 24 18:29:32 calvin smartd[4758]: Device: /dev/sda, skip scheduled Offline Immediate Test; 40% remaining of current Self-Test. Apr 24 18:29:33 calvin smartd[4758]: Device: /dev/sdb, skip scheduled Offline Immediate Test; 50% remaining of current Self-Test. The drives in this RAID-1 array are set to run an offline test four times a day, a short self-test at 2am every day, and a long self-test on Saturdays at 2am. For some reason, it looks like the long self-test is taking longer, causing the other scheduled tests to be skipped. First question: is this a sign of likely drive failure? Then today, smartd reported that a self-test failed. Here is the output of smartctl -a /dev/sdb: smartctl version 5.38 [i686-pc-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/ === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Seagate Barracuda 7200.8 family Device Model: ST3250823AS Serial Number: 3ND1GNBC Firmware Version: 3.03 User Capacity: 250,059,350,016 bytes Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: 7 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is: Sun Apr 25 13:15:34 2010 EDT SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity was completed without error. Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: ( 430) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 84) minutes. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 047 039 006 Pre-fail Always - 168450357 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 098 098 000 Pre-fail Always - 0 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 33 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 036 Pre-fail Always - 9 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 087 060 030 Pre-fail Always - 654745480 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 055 055 000 Old_age Always - 40141 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 51 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 037 062 000 Old_age Always - 37 (0 17 0 0) 195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 047 039 000 Old_age Always - 168450357 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0000 100 253 000 Old_age Offline - 0 202 TA_Increase_Count 0x0032 100 253 000 Old_age Always - 0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 40131 - # 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 30% 40129 379795511 # 3 Short offline Completed without error 00% 40084 - # 4 Short offline Completed without error 00% 40060 - # 5 Short offline Completed without error 00% 40036 - # 6 Short offline Completed without error 00% 40013 - # 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39990 - # 8 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 39977 - # 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39919 - #10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39895 - #11 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39872 - #12 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39848 - #13 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39824 - #14 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39801 - #15 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 39789 - #16 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39754 - #17 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39732 - #18 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39707 - #19 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39683 - #20 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39660 - #21 Short offline Completed without error 00% 39636 - SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1 SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS 1 0 0 Not_testing 2 0 0 Not_testing 3 0 0 Not_testing 4 0 0 Not_testing 5 0 0 Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0): After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay. Given that this drive is about 4.5 years old, I am probably tempting fate by keeping it in service. SMART doesn't seem to get much respect as a reliable way to predict drive failure. What else can I use to get an early indication of drive failure?

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  • Is it useful to unit test methods where the only logic is guards?

    - by Vaccano
    Say I have a method like this: public void OrderNewWidget(Widget widget) { if ((widget.PartNumber > 0) && (widget.PartAvailable)) { WigdetOrderingService.OrderNewWidgetAsync(widget.PartNumber); } } I have several such methods in my code (the front half to an async Web Service call). I am debating if it is useful to get them covered with unit tests. Yes there is logic here, but it is only guard logic. (Meaning I make sure I have the stuff I need before I allow the web service call to happen.) Part of me says "sure you can unit test them, but it is not worth the time" (I am on a project that is already behind schedule). But the other side of me says, if you don't unit test them, and someone changes the Guards, then there could be problems. But the first part of me says back, if someone changes the guards, then you are just making more work for them (because now they have to change the guards and the unit tests for the guards). For example, if my service assumes responsibility to check for Widget availability then I may not want that guard any more. If it is under unit test, I have to change two places now. I see pros and cons in both ways. So I thought I would ask what others have done.

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  • Subdomain redirect to WWW

    - by manix
    I have the domain example.com and the test.example.com running on apache server. For some reason when I try to visit test.example it is redirected to www.test.example and by consequence a Server not found error is displayed in the browser. Both .htaccess (root and subdomain folder) files are empty. Additional facts I have another subdomain xyz.example.com pointed to public_html/xyz directory with some content inside (index.html with "hello world message") and it works fine if I use xyz.example.com instead of www.xyz.example.com. So, can you help me to point to the right direction in order. I have a vps and I am able to change any file if is required. Below you can find my virtual host configuration. <VirtualHost xx.xxx.xxx:80> ServerName test.example.com ServerAlias www.test.example.com DocumentRoot /home/example/public_html/test ServerAdmin [email protected] UseCanonicalName Off CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/test.example.com combined CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/test.example.com-bytes_log "%{%s}t %I .\n%{%s}t %O ." ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/example/public_html/test/cgi-bin/ # To customize this VirtualHost use an include file at the following location # Include "/usr/local/apache/conf/userdata/std/2/example/test.example.com/*.conf" </VirtualHost>

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  • Trying to build/install patched gtk3-engines-oxygen to test bugfix, get shared changelog.Debian.gz is different from other instances of package

    - by andlabs
    I want to just quickly test the patch in this bug report to gtk3-engines-oxygen so it can go upstream. I could test it either temporarily or permanently; I would just like to do it. I currently have the package installed. So far, I've tried: $ mkdir /tmp/o # keep everything self-contained $ cd /tmp/o $ apt-get source gtk3-engines-oxygen $ cd oxygen-gtk3-1.3.5/ $ patch -p1 < /path/to/patchfile $ dpkg-source --commit # to make debuild happy (name 'layout'; just save the default; this is a test) $ debuild -us -uc # bypass signature checks $ sudo debi ../oxygen-gtk3_1.3.5-0ubuntu1_amd64.changes According to some people on #ubuntu-packaging, this is what I have to do. It's this last step that's the problem; I'm getting (Reading database ... 503333 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack gtk3-engines-oxygen_1.3.5-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking gtk3-engines-oxygen:amd64 (1.3.5-0ubuntu1) over (1.3.5-0ubuntu1) ... dpkg: error processing archive gtk3-engines-oxygen_1.3.5-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb (--install): trying to overwrite shared '/usr/share/doc/gtk3-engines-oxygen/changelog.Debian.gz', which is different from other instances of package gtk3-engines-oxygen:amd64 Errors were encountered while processing: gtk3-engines-oxygen_1.3.5-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb debi: debpkg -i failed What's going on? How do I fix it? Or am I doing this completely wrong (and ergo so are they)? I'm using Kubuntu 14.04 amd64. Thanks.

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  • What's wrong performing unit test against concrete implementation if your frameworks are not going to change?

    - by palm snow
    First a bit of background: We are re-architecting our product suite that was written 10 years ago and served its purpose. One thing that we cannot change is the database schema as we have 500+ client base using this system. Our db schema has over 150+ tables. We have decided on using Entity Framework 4.1 as DAL and still evaluating various frameworks for storing our business logic. I am investigation to bring unit testing into the mix but I also confused as to how far I need to go with setting up a full blown TDD environment. One aspect of setting up unit testing is by getting into implementing Repository, unit of work and mocking frameworks etc. This mean there will be cost and investment on the code-bloat associated with all these frameworks. I understand some of this could be auto-generated but when it comes to things like behaviors, that will be mostly hand written. Just to be clear, I am not questioning the important of unit testing your code. I am just not sure we need all its components (like repository, mocking etc.) when we are fairly certain of storage mechanism/framework (SQL Server/Entity Framework). All that code bloat with generic repositories make sense when you need a generic layers with ability to change this whenever you like however its very likely a YAGNI in our case. What we need is more of integration testing where we can unit-test our code with concrete repository objects and test data in database. In this scenario, just running integration test seem to be more beneficial in our case. Any thoughts if I am missing any thing here?

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  • SQL SERVER – Securing TRUNCATE Permissions in SQL Server

    - by pinaldave
    Download the Script of this article from here. On December 11, 2010, Vinod Kumar, a Databases & BI technology evangelist from Microsoft Corporation, graced Ahmedabad by spending some time with the Community during the Community Tech Days (CTD) event. As he was running through a few demos, Vinod asked the audience one of the most fundamental and common interview questions – “What is the difference between a DELETE and TRUNCATE?“ Ahmedabad SQL Server User Group Expert Nakul Vachhrajani has come up with excellent solutions of the same. I must congratulate Nakul for this excellent solution and as a encouragement to User Group member, I am publishing the same article over here. Nakul Vachhrajani is a Software Specialist and systems development professional with Patni Computer Systems Limited. He has functional experience spanning legacy code deprecation, system design, documentation, development, implementation, testing, maintenance and support of complex systems, providing business intelligence solutions, database administration, performance tuning, optimization, product management, release engineering, process definition and implementation. He has comprehensive grasp on Database Administration, Development and Implementation with MS SQL Server and C, C++, Visual C++/C#. He has about 6 years of total experience in information technology. Nakul is an member of the Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar SQL Server User Groups, and actively contributes to the community by actively participating in multiple forums and websites like SQLAuthority.com, BeyondRelational.com, SQLServerCentral.com and many others. Please note: The opinions expressed herein are Nakul own personal opinions and do not represent his employer’s view in anyway. All data from everywhere here on Earth go through a series of  four distinct operations, identified by the words: CREATE, READ, UPDATE and DELETE, or simply, CRUD. Putting in Microsoft SQL Server terms, is the process goes like this: INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE and DELETE/TRUNCATE. Quite a few interesting responses were received and evaluated live during the session. To summarize them, the most important similarity that came out was that both DELETE and TRUNCATE participate in transactions. The major differences (not all) that came out of the exercise were: DELETE: DELETE supports a WHERE clause DELETE removes rows from a table, row-by-row Because DELETE moves row-by-row, it acquires a row-level lock Depending upon the recovery model of the database, DELETE is a fully-logged operation. Because DELETE moves row-by-row, it can fire off triggers TRUNCATE: TRUNCATE does not support a WHERE clause TRUNCATE works by directly removing the individual data pages of a table TRUNCATE directly occupies a table-level lock. (Because a lock is acquired, and because TRUNCATE can also participate in a transaction, it has to be a logged operation) TRUNCATE is, therefore, a minimally-logged operation; again, this depends upon the recovery model of the database Triggers are not fired when TRUNCATE is used (because individual row deletions are not logged) Finally, Vinod popped the big homework question that must be critically analyzed: “We know that we can restrict a DELETE operation to a particular user, but how can we restrict the TRUNCATE operation to a particular user?” After returning home and having a nice cup of coffee, I noticed that my gray cells immediately started to work. Below was the result of my research. As what is always said, the devil is in the details. Upon looking at the Permissions section for the TRUNCATE statement in Books On Line, the following jumps right out: “The minimum permission required is ALTER on table_name. TRUNCATE TABLE permissions default to the table owner, members of the sysadmin fixed server role, and the db_owner and db_ddladmin fixed database roles, and are not transferable. However, you can incorporate the TRUNCATE TABLE statement within a module, such as a stored procedure, and grant appropriate permissions to the module using the EXECUTE AS clause.“ Now, what does this mean? Unlike DELETE, one cannot directly assign permissions to a user/set of users allowing or revoking TRUNCATE rights. However, there is a way to circumvent this. It is important to recall that in Microsoft SQL Server, database engine security surrounds the concept of a “securable”, which is any object like a table, stored procedure, trigger, etc. Rights are assigned to a principal on a securable. Refer to the image below (taken from the SQL Server Books On Line). urable”, which is any object like a table, stored procedure, trigger, etc. Rights are assigned to a principal on a securable. Refer to the image below (taken from the SQL Server Books On Line). SETTING UP THE ENVIRONMENT – (01A_Truncate Table Permissions.sql) Script Provided at the end of the article. By the end of this demo, one will be able to do all the CRUD operations, except the TRUNCATE, and the other will only be able to execute the TRUNCATE. All you will need for this test is any edition of SQL Server 2008. (With minor changes, these scripts can be made to work with SQL 2005.) We begin by creating the following: 1.       A test database 2.        Two database roles: associated logins and users 3.       Switch over to the test database and create a test table. Then, add some data into it. I am using row constructors, which is new to SQL 2008. Creating the modules that will be used to enforce permissions 1.       We have already created one of the modules that we will be assigning permissions to. That module is the table: TruncatePermissionsTest 2.       We will now create two stored procedures; one is for the DELETE operation and the other for the TRUNCATE operation. Please note that for all practical purposes, the end result is the same – all data from the table TruncatePermissionsTest is removed Assigning the permissions Now comes the most important part of the demonstration – assigning permissions. A permissions matrix can be worked out as under: To apply the security rights, we use the GRANT and DENY clauses, as under: That’s it! We are now ready for our big test! THE TEST (01B_Truncate Table Test Queries.sql) Script Provided at the end of the article. I will now need two separate SSMS connections, one with the login AllowedTruncate and the other with the login RestrictedTruncate. Running the test is simple; all that’s required is to run through the script – 01B_Truncate Table Test Queries.sql. What I will demonstrate here via screen-shots is the behavior of SQL Server when logged in as the AllowedTruncate user. There are a few other combinations than what are highlighted here. I will leave the reader the right to explore the behavior of the RestrictedTruncate user and these additional scenarios, as a form of self-study. 1.       Testing SELECT permissions 2.       Testing TRUNCATE permissions (Remember, “deny by default”?) 3.       Trying to circumvent security by trying to TRUNCATE the table using the stored procedure Hence, we have now proved that a user can indeed be assigned permissions to specifically assign TRUNCATE permissions. I also hope that the above has sparked curiosity towards putting some security around the probably “destructive” operations of DELETE and TRUNCATE. I would like to wish each and every one of the readers a very happy and secure time with Microsoft SQL Server. (Please find the scripts – 01A_Truncate Table Permissions.sql and 01B_Truncate Table Test Queries.sql that have been used in this demonstration. Please note that these scripts contain purely test-level code only. These scripts must not, at any cost, be used in the reader’s production environments). 01A_Truncate Table Permissions.sql /* ***************************************************************************************************************** Developed By          : Nakul Vachhrajani Functionality         : This demo is focused on how to allow only TRUNCATE permissions to a particular user How to Use            : 1. Run through, step-by-step through the sequence till Step 08 to create a test database 2. Switch over to the "Truncate Table Test Queries.sql" and execute it step-by-step in two different SSMS windows, one where you have logged in as 'RestrictedTruncate', and the other as 'AllowedTruncate' 3. Come back to "Truncate Table Permissions.sql" 4. Execute Step 10 to cleanup! Modifications         : December 13, 2010 - NAV - Updated to add a security matrix and improve code readability when applying security December 12, 2010 - NAV - Created ***************************************************************************************************************** */ -- Step 01: Create a new test database CREATE DATABASE TruncateTestDB GO USE TruncateTestDB GO -- Step 02: Add roles and users to demonstrate the security of the Truncate operation -- 2a. Create the new roles CREATE ROLE AllowedTruncateRole; GO CREATE ROLE RestrictedTruncateRole; GO -- 2b. Create new logins CREATE LOGIN AllowedTruncate WITH PASSWORD = 'truncate@2010', CHECK_POLICY = ON GO CREATE LOGIN RestrictedTruncate WITH PASSWORD = 'truncate@2010', CHECK_POLICY = ON GO -- 2c. Create new Users using the roles and logins created aboave CREATE USER TruncateUser FOR LOGIN AllowedTruncate WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = dbo GO CREATE USER NoTruncateUser FOR LOGIN RestrictedTruncate WITH DEFAULT_SCHEMA = dbo GO -- 2d. Add the newly created login to the newly created role sp_addrolemember 'AllowedTruncateRole','TruncateUser' GO sp_addrolemember 'RestrictedTruncateRole','NoTruncateUser' GO -- Step 03: Change over to the test database USE TruncateTestDB GO -- Step 04: Create a test table within the test databse CREATE TABLE TruncatePermissionsTest (Id INT IDENTITY(1,1), Name NVARCHAR(50)) GO -- Step 05: Populate the required data INSERT INTO TruncatePermissionsTest VALUES (N'Delhi'), (N'Mumbai'), (N'Ahmedabad') GO -- Step 06: Encapsulate the DELETE within another module CREATE PROCEDURE proc_DeleteMyTable WITH EXECUTE AS SELF AS DELETE FROM TruncateTestDB..TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- Step 07: Encapsulate the TRUNCATE within another module CREATE PROCEDURE proc_TruncateMyTable WITH EXECUTE AS SELF AS TRUNCATE TABLE TruncateTestDB..TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- Step 08: Apply Security /* *****************************SECURITY MATRIX*************************************** =================================================================================== Object                   | Permissions |                 Login |             | AllowedTruncate   |   RestrictedTruncate |             |User:NoTruncateUser|   User:TruncateUser =================================================================================== TruncatePermissionsTest  | SELECT,     |      GRANT        |      (Default) | INSERT,     |                   | | UPDATE,     |                   | | DELETE      |                   | -------------------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------- TruncatePermissionsTest  | ALTER       |      DENY         |      (Default) -------------------------+-------------+----*/----------------+----------------------- proc_DeleteMyTable | EXECUTE | GRANT | DENY -------------------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------- proc_TruncateMyTable | EXECUTE | DENY | GRANT -------------------------+-------------+-------------------+----------------------- *****************************SECURITY MATRIX*************************************** */ /* Table: TruncatePermissionsTest*/ GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON TruncateTestDB..TruncatePermissionsTest TO NoTruncateUser GO DENY ALTER ON TruncateTestDB..TruncatePermissionsTest TO NoTruncateUser GO /* Procedure: proc_DeleteMyTable*/ GRANT EXECUTE ON TruncateTestDB..proc_DeleteMyTable TO NoTruncateUser GO DENY EXECUTE ON TruncateTestDB..proc_DeleteMyTable TO TruncateUser GO /* Procedure: proc_TruncateMyTable*/ DENY EXECUTE ON TruncateTestDB..proc_TruncateMyTable TO NoTruncateUser GO GRANT EXECUTE ON TruncateTestDB..proc_TruncateMyTable TO TruncateUser GO -- Step 09: Test --Switch over to the "Truncate Table Test Queries.sql" and execute it step-by-step in two different SSMS windows: --    1. one where you have logged in as 'RestrictedTruncate', and --    2. the other as 'AllowedTruncate' -- Step 10: Cleanup sp_droprolemember 'AllowedTruncateRole','TruncateUser' GO sp_droprolemember 'RestrictedTruncateRole','NoTruncateUser' GO DROP USER TruncateUser GO DROP USER NoTruncateUser GO DROP LOGIN AllowedTruncate GO DROP LOGIN RestrictedTruncate GO DROP ROLE AllowedTruncateRole GO DROP ROLE RestrictedTruncateRole GO USE MASTER GO DROP DATABASE TruncateTestDB GO 01B_Truncate Table Test Queries.sql /* ***************************************************************************************************************** Developed By          : Nakul Vachhrajani Functionality         : This demo is focused on how to allow only TRUNCATE permissions to a particular user How to Use            : 1. Switch over to this from "Truncate Table Permissions.sql", Step #09 2. Execute this step-by-step in two different SSMS windows a. One where you have logged in as 'RestrictedTruncate', and b. The other as 'AllowedTruncate' 3. Return back to "Truncate Table Permissions.sql" 4. Execute Step 10 to cleanup! Modifications         : December 12, 2010 - NAV - Created ***************************************************************************************************************** */ -- Step 09A: Switch to the test database USE TruncateTestDB GO -- Step 09B: Ensure that we have valid data SELECT * FROM TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur if logged in as "AllowedTruncate") -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Line 1 -- The SELECT permission was denied on the object 'TruncatePermissionsTest', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. --Step 09C: Attempt to Truncate Data from the table without using the stored procedure TRUNCATE TABLE TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur) --  Msg 1088, Level 16, State 7, Line 2 --  Cannot find the object "TruncatePermissionsTest" because it does not exist or you do not have permissions. -- Step 09D:Regenerate Test Data INSERT INTO TruncatePermissionsTest VALUES (N'London'), (N'Paris'), (N'Berlin') GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur if logged in as "AllowedTruncate") -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Line 1 -- The INSERT permission was denied on the object 'TruncatePermissionsTest', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. --Step 09E: Attempt to Truncate Data from the table using the stored procedure EXEC proc_TruncateMyTable GO -- (Expected: Will execute successfully with 'AllowedTruncate' user, will error out as under with 'RestrictedTruncate') -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Procedure proc_TruncateMyTable, Line 1 -- The EXECUTE permission was denied on the object 'proc_TruncateMyTable', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. -- Step 09F:Regenerate Test Data INSERT INTO TruncatePermissionsTest VALUES (N'Madrid'), (N'Rome'), (N'Athens') GO --Step 09G: Attempt to Delete Data from the table without using the stored procedure DELETE FROM TruncatePermissionsTest GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur if logged in as "AllowedTruncate") -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Line 2 -- The DELETE permission was denied on the object 'TruncatePermissionsTest', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. -- Step 09H:Regenerate Test Data INSERT INTO TruncatePermissionsTest VALUES (N'Spain'), (N'Italy'), (N'Greece') GO --Step 09I: Attempt to Delete Data from the table using the stored procedure EXEC proc_DeleteMyTable GO -- (Expected: Following error will occur if logged in as "AllowedTruncate") -- Msg 229, Level 14, State 5, Procedure proc_DeleteMyTable, Line 1 -- The EXECUTE permission was denied on the object 'proc_DeleteMyTable', database 'TruncateTestDB', schema 'dbo'. --Step 09J: Close this SSMS window and return back to "Truncate Table Permissions.sql" Thank you Nakul to take up the challenge and prove that Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar SQL Server User Group has talent to solve difficult problems. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Best Practices, Pinal Dave, Readers Contribution, Readers Question, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Security, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • First TDD, Simple 2-tier C# Project - what do I unit test?

    - by Joel
    This is probably a stupid question but my googling isn't finding a satisfactory answer. I'm starting a small project in C#, with just a business layer and a data access layer - strangely, the UI will come later, and I have very little (read:no) concept / control over what it will look like. I would like to try TDD for this project. I'm using Visual Studio 2008 (soon to be 2010), I have ReSharper 5, and nUnit. Again, I want to do Test-Driven Development, but not necessarily the entire XP system. My question is - when and where do I write the first unit test? Do I only test logic before I write it, or do I test everything? It seems counter-productive to test things that have no reason to fail (auto-properties, empty constructors)...but it seems like the "No new code without a failing test" maxim requires this. Links or references are fine (but preferably to online resources, not books - I would like to get started ASAP). Thanks in advance for any guidance!

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  • How can I test ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound in my rails app?

    - by fursie
    Hi, I have this code in my controller and want to test this code line with a functional test. raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if @post.nil? which assert method should I use? I use the built-in rails 2.3.5 test framework. I tried it with this code: test "should return 404 if page doesn't exist." do get :show, :url => ["nothing", "here"] assert_response :missing end but it doesn't work for me. Got this test output: test_should_return_404_if_page_doesn't_exist.(PageControllerTest): ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound: ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound app/controllers/page_controller.rb:7:in `show' /test/functional/page_controller_test.rb:21:in `test_should_return_404_if_page_doesn't_exist.'

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  • Does isolation frameworks (Moq, RhinoMock, etc) lead to test overspecification?

    - by Marius
    In Osherove's great book "The Art of Unit Testing" one of the test anti-patterns is over-specification which is basically the same as testing the internal state of the object instead of some expected output. To my experience, using Isolation frameworks can cause the same unwanted side effects as testing internal behavior because one tends to only implement the behavior necessary to make your stub interact with the object under test. Now if your implementation changes later on (but the contract remains the same), your test will suddenly break because you are expecting some data from the stub which was not implemented. So what do you think is the best approach to counter this? 1) Implement your stubs/mocks fully, this has the negative side-effect of potentially making your test less readable and also specifying more than necessary to make your test pass. 2) Favor manual, fully implemented fakes. 3) Implement your stubs/fakes so that they make your test just pass, and then deal with the brittleness that this might introduce.

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  • Better way to write this regex to match multi-ordered property list?

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    I've been whacking on this regex for a while, trying to build something that can pick out multiple ordered property values (DTSTART, DTEND, SUMMARY) from an .ics file. I have other options (like reading one line at a time and scanning), but wanted to build a single regex that can handle the whole thing. SAMPLE PERL # There has got to be a better way... my $x1 = '(?:^DTSTART[^\:]*:(?<dts>.*?)$)'; my $x2 = '(?:^DTEND[^\:]*:(?<dte>.*?)$)'; my $x3 = '(?:^SUMMARY[^\:]*:(?<dtn>.*?)$)'; my $fmt = "$x1.*$x2.*$x3|$x1.*$x3.*$x2|$x2.*$x1.*$x3|$x2.*$x3.*$x1|$x3.*$x1.*$x2|$x3.*$x2.*$x1"; if ($evts[1] =~ /$fmt/smo) { printf "lines:\n==>\n%s\n==>\n%s\n==>\n%s\n", $+{dts}, $+{dte}, $+{dtn}; } else { print "Failed.\n"; } SAMPLE DATA BEGIN:VEVENT UID:0A5ECBC3-CAFB-4CCE-91E3-247DF6C6652A TRANSP:OPAQUE SUMMARY:Gandalf_flinger1 DTEND:20071127T170005 DTSTART,lang=en_us:20071127T103000 DTSTAMP:20100325T003424Z X-APPLE-EWS-BUSYSTATUS:BUSY SEQUENCE:0 END:VEVENT SAMPLE OUTPUT lines: == 20071127T103000 == 20071127T170005 == Gandalf_flinger1

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