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  • Exception during iteration on collection and remove items from that collection

    - by Muhammad Kashif Nadeem
    I remove item from ArrayList in foreach loop and get follwing exception. Collection was modified; enumeration operation may not execute. How can I remove items in foreach Following is my code: /* * Need to remove all items from 'attachementsFielPath' which does not exist in names array. */ try { string attachmentFileNames = txtAttachment.Text.Trim(); // Textbox having file names. string[] names = attachmentFileNames.Split(new char[] { ';' }); int index = 0; // attachmentsFilePath is ArrayList holding full path of fiels user selected at any time. foreach (var fullFilePath in attachmentsFilePath) { bool isNeedToRemove = true; // Extract filename from full path. string fileName = fullFilePath.ToString().Substring(fullFilePath.ToString().LastIndexOf('\\') + 1); for (int i = 0; i < names.Length; i++) { // If filename found in array then no need to check remaining items. if (fileName.Equals(names[i].Trim())) { isNeedToRemove = false; break; } } // If file not found in names array, remove it. if (isNeedToRemove) { attachmentsFilePath.RemoveAt(index); isNeedToRemove = true; } index++; } } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; }

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  • how does hash element make a secure login on zend framework?

    - by ulduz114
    hello all i saw a example for login form same blow code class Form_Login extends Zend_Form { //put your code here public function init($timeout=360){ $this->addElement('hash', 'token', array( 'timeout' => $timeout )); $this->setName('Login'); $username = $this->createElement ( 'text', 'username' ); $username->setLabel('user name:') ->setRequired(); $this->addElement($username); $password=$this->createElement('password','password'); $password->setLabel('password:'); $password->setRequired(); $this->addElement($password); $login=$this->createElement('submit','login'); $login->setLabel('Login'); $this->addElement($login); $this->setMethod('post'); $this->setAction(Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->getBaseUrl().'/authentication/login'); } } and in submitAction a part code same below if (!$form->isValid($request->getPost())) { if (count($form->getErrors('token')) > 0) { return $this->_forward('csrf-forbidden', 'error'); } $this->view->form = $form; return $this->render('login'); } now , my question, whats the reason for use of hash element? how this hash element make secure login? anybody may help explain these? thanks

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  • DWM and painting unresponsive apps

    - by Doug Kavendek
    In Vista and later, if an app becomes unresponsive, the Desktop Window Manager is able to handle redrawing it when necessary (move a window over it, drag it around, etc.) because it has kept a pixel buffer for it. Windows also tries to detect when an app has become unresponsive after some timeout, and tries to make the best of the situation -- I believe it dims out the window, adds "Not Responding" to its title bar, and perhaps some other effects. Now, we have a skinned app that uses window regions and layered windows, and it doesn't play well with these effects. We've been developing on XP, but have noticed a strange effect when testing on Vista. At some points the app may spend a few moments on some calculation or callback, and if it passes the unresponsive threshold (I've read that it's a five second timeout, but I cannot find a link), a strange graphical problem occurs: any pixels that would be 100% transparent due to the window regions turn black, which effectively makes the window rectangular again, with a black background. There seem to be other anomalies, with the original window's pixels being shifted a bit in some child dialogs. I am working on reducing such delays (ideally Windows will never need to step in like this), and trying to maintain responsiveness while it's busy, but I'd still like to figure out what is causing it to render like that, as I can't guarantee I can eliminate all delays. Basically, I just would like to know what Windows is doing when this happens, and how I can make my app behave properly with it. Skinned apps have to still work on Vista and later, so I need to figure out what I'm doing that's non-standard. I don't even know exactly how to look for information into how Windows now handles unresponsive apps, as my searches only return people having issues with apps that are unresponsive, or very rudimentary explanations of what the DWM does with such apps. Heck I'm not even 100% sure it's the DWM responsible, but it seems likely. Any potential leads? Photo of problem; screen shots won't capture the effect (note that the white dialog's buffer is shifted -- it is shifted exactly by the distance it has been offset from the main (blue) window):

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  • AES Encryption Java Invalid Key length

    - by wuntee
    I am trying to create an AES encryption method, but for some reason I keep getting a 'java.security.InvalidKeyException: Key length not 128/192/256 bits'. Here is the code: public static SecretKey getSecretKey(char[] password, byte[] salt) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException{ SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBEWithMD5AndDES"); // NOTE: last argument is the key length, and it is 256 KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(password, salt, 1024, 256); SecretKey tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec); SecretKey secret = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(), "AES"); return(secret); } public static byte[] encrypt(char[] password, byte[] salt, String text) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchPaddingException, InvalidKeyException, InvalidParameterSpecException, IllegalBlockSizeException, BadPaddingException, UnsupportedEncodingException{ SecretKey secret = getSecretKey(password, salt); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES"); // NOTE: This is where the Exception is being thrown cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secret); byte[] ciphertext = cipher.doFinal(text.getBytes("UTF-8")); return(ciphertext); } Can anyone see what I am doing wrong? I am thinking it may have something to do with the SecretKeyFactory algorithm, but that is the only one I can find that is supported on the end system I am developing against. Any help would be appreciated. Thanks.

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  • Product Catalog Schema design

    - by FlySwat
    I'm building a proof of concept schema for a product catalog to possibly replace a very aging and crufty one we use. In our business, we sell both physical materials and services (one time and reoccurring charges). The current catalog schema has each distinct category broken out into individual tables, while this is nicely normalized and performs well, it is fairly difficult to extend. Adding a new attribute to a particular product involves changing the table schema and backpopulating old data. An idea I've been toying with has been something along the line of a base set of entity tables in 3rd normal form, these will contain the facts that are common among ALL products. Then, I'd like to build an Attribute-Entity-Value schema that allows each entity type to be extended in a flexible way using just data and no schema changes. Finally, I'd like to denormalize this data model into materialized views for each individual entity type. This views are what the application would access. We also have many tables that contain business rules and compatibility rules. These would join against the base entity tables instead of the views. My big concerns here are: Performance - Attribute-Entity-Value schemas are flexible, but typically perform poorly, should I be concerned? More Performance - Denormalizing using materialized views may have some risks, I'm not positive on this yet. Complexity - While this schema is flexible and maintainable using just data, I worry that the complexity of the design might make future schema changes difficult. For those who have designed product catalogs for large scale enterprises, am I going down the totally wrong path? Is there any good best practice schema design reading available for product catalogs?

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  • C++ help with getline function with ifstream

    - by John
    So I am writing a program that deals with reading in and writing out to a file. I use the getline() function because some of the lines in the text file may contain multiple elements. I've never had a problem with getline until now. Here's what I got. The text file looks like this: John Smith // Client name 1234 Hollow Lane, Chicago, IL // Address 123-45-6789 // SSN Walmart // Employer 58000 // Income 2 // Number of accounts the client has 1111 // Account Number 2222 // Account Number ifstream inFile("ClientInfo.txt"); if(inFile.fail()) { cout << "Problem opening file."; } else { string name, address, ssn, employer; double income; int numOfAccount; getline(inFile, name); getline(inFile, address); // I'll stop here because I know this is where it fails. When I debugged this code, I found that name == "John", instead of name == "John Smith", and Address == "Smith" and so on. Am I doing something wrong. Any help would be much appreciated.

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  • Formula parsing / evaluation routine or library with generic DLookup functionality

    - by tbone
    I am writing a .Net application where I must support user-defined formulas that can perform basic mathematics, as well as accessing data from any arbitrary table in the database. I have the math part working, using JScript Eval(). What I haven't decided on is what a nice way is to do the generic table lookups. For example, I may have a formula something like: Column: BonusAmount Formula: {CurrentSalary} * 1.5 * {[SystemSettings][Value][SettingName=CorpBonus AND Year={Year}]} So, in this example I would replace {xxx} and {Year} with the value of Column xxx from the current table, and I would replace the second part with the value of (select Value from SystemSettings WHERE SettingName='CorpBonus' AND Year=2008) So, basically, I am looking for something very much like the MS Access DLookup function: DLookup ( expression, domain, [criteria] ) DLookup("[UnitPrice]", "Order Details", "OrderID = 10248") But, I also need to overall parsing routine that can tell whether to just look up in the current row, or to look into another table. Would also be nice to support aggregate functions (ie: DAvg, DMax, etc), as well as all the weird edge cases handled. So I wonder if anyone knows of any sort of an existing library, or has a nice routine that can handle this formula parsing and database lookup / aggregate function resolution requirements.

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  • VS2010 asking to upgrade SIlverlight??

    - by Lu10ntDan
    I'm running the absolute latest versions of Silverlight and Visual Studio 2010 Professional and built a solution that contained a WPF project. From there, I added a SketchFlow project (based on Blend 4 RC) and I can run each project within the solution just fine by setting whenever I switch between them as startup projects. From there, I added a Silverlight 4 Business Application (taking all the defaults), and when simply trying to set that as the startup project and running it, VS2010 is giving me the following error after trying to open a web page: Line: 56 (in file TestPage.aspx) Error: Unhandled Error in Silverlight Application Code: 8001 Category: InitializeError Message: Upgrade required If I choose not to debug, I get the Silverlight page saying "This page requires a more recent version of Silverlight"! Clicking "Install Now" on the popup window brings me to Mirosoft's Silverlight page where I see: "The version of Silverlight originally requested is not available. You can get a supported version from this page. This Web browser or operating system may not be compatible with Silverlight. Please review the system requirements and, if you wish to proceed, choose the link for your operating system." If I choose to upgrade anyway, I'm told that I'm running the latest version of Silverlight available. What the heck? I'm running the final versions of VS2010 Pro, Silverlight 4, and the latest version of Expression Blend 4 (RC). Why can't VS2010 run this default Silverlight Business App? Any ideas? Please?? Thanks, Lu10ntDn PS. This is on Windows 7 with UAC turned off, and ALL latest Windows Updates installed.

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  • How to detect hidden field tampering?

    - by Myron
    On a form of my web app, I've got a hidden field that I need to protect from tampering for security reasons. I'm trying to come up with a solution whereby I can detect if the value of the hidden field has been changed, and react appropriately (i.e. with a generic "Something went wrong, please try again" error message). The solution should be secure enough that brute force attacks are infeasible. I've got a basic solution that I think will work, but I'm not security expert and I may be totally missing something here. My idea is to render two hidden inputs: one named "important_value", containing the value I need to protect, and one named "important_value_hash" containing the SHA hash of the important value concatenated with a constant long random string (i.e. the same string will be used every time). When the form is submitted, the server will re-compute the SHA hash, and compare against the submitted value of important_value_hash. If they are not the same, the important_value has been tampered with. I could also concatenate additional values with the SHA's input string (maybe the user's IP address?), but I don't know if that really gains me anything. Will this be secure? Anyone have any insight into how it might be broken, and what could/should be done to improve it? Thanks!

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  • How Random is System.Guid.NewGuid()? (Take two)

    - by Vilx-
    Before you start marking this as a duplicate, read me out. The other question has a (most likely) incorrect accepted answer. I do not know how .NET generates its GUIDs, probably only Microsoft does, but there's a high chance it simply calls CoCreateGuid(). That function however is documented to be calling UuidCreate(). And the algorithms for creating an UUID are pretty well documented. Long story short, be as it may, it seems that System.Guid.NewGuid() indeed uses version 4 UUID generation algorithm, because all the GUIDs it generates matches the criteria (see for yourself, I tried a couple million GUIDs, they all matched). In other words, these GUIDs are almost random, except for a few known bits. This then again raises the question - how random IS this random? As every good little programmer knows, a pseudo-random number algorithm is only as random as its seed (aka entropy). So what is the seed for UuidCreate()? How ofter is the PRNG re-seeded? Is it cryptographically strong, or can I expect the same GUIDs to start pouring out if two computers accidentally call System.Guid.NewGuid() at the same time? And can the state of the PRNG be guessed if sufficiently many sequentially generated GUIDs are gathered?

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  • How to save a picture to a file?

    - by Peter vdL
    I'm trying to use a standard Intent that will take a picture, then allow approval or retake. Then I want to save the picture into a file. Here's the Intent I am using: Intent intent = new Intent(android.provider.MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE ); startActivityForResult( intent, 22 ); The docs at http://developer.android.com/reference/android/provider/MediaStore.html#ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE say "The caller may pass an extra EXTRA_OUTPUT to control where this image will be written. If the EXTRA_OUTPUT is not present, then a small sized image is returned as a Bitmap object in the extra field. If the EXTRA_OUTPUT is present, then the full-sized image will be written to the Uri value of EXTRA_OUTPUT." I don't pass extra output, I hope to get a Bitmap object in the extra field of the Intent passed into onActivityResult() (for this request). So where/how do you extract it? Intent has a getExtras(), but that returns a Bundle, and Bundle wants a key string to give you something back. What do you invoke on the Intent to extract the bitmap?

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  • iPhone app stopped building crash reports

    - by BankStrong
    My app formerly created useful crash logs. I synced my iPhone in the past and found crash logs in library/logs/CrashReporter About a month ago, my app stopped creating crash reports. When I first discovered this problem, I assumed it was due to memory corruption (a possibility in my app). I just created a new project and added a crash to it. // Implement viewDidLoad to do additional setup after loading the view, // typically from a nib. - (void)viewDidLoad { NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; [array removeObjectAtIndex:-1]; [super viewDidLoad]; } This app does not create a crash report either. Ideas I've started to explore: My phone is corrupted (tried restoring - somehow I brought it to the state from a few months ago) My XCode is corrupt (tried reinstalling, but current download demands Snow Leopard - and I can't upgrade to Snow Leopard online). This seems possible - I may have messed with device support around a month ago (similar to http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1224867/does-iphone-os-3-0-1-ruin-your-development-phone ) The location for crash logs has somehow moved. Suggestions?

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  • .NET Membership with Repository Pattern

    - by Zac
    My team is in the process of designing a domain model which will hide various different data sources behind a unified repository abstraction. One of the main drivers for this approach is the very high probability that these data sources will undergo significant change in the near future and we don't want to be re-writing business logic when this happens. One data source will be our membership database which was originally implemented using the default ASP.Net Membership Provider. The membership provider is tied to the System.Web.Security namespace but we have a design guideline requiring that our domain model layer is not dependent upon System.Web (or any other implementation/environment dependency) as it will be consumed in different environments - nor do we want our websites directly communicating with databases. I am considering what would be a good approach to reconciling the MembershipProvider approach with our abstracted n-tier architecture. My initial feeling is that we could create a "DomainMembershipProvider" which interacts with the domain model and then implement objects in the model which deal with the repository and handle validation/business logic. The repository would then implement data access using our (as-yet undecided) ORM/data access tool. Are there are any glaring holes in this approach - I haven't worked closely with the MembershipProvider class so may well be missing something. Alternatively, is there an approach that you think will better serve the requirements I described above? Thanks in advance for your thoughts and advice. Regards, Zac

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  • Source Control Checkin Comments at Top Of Source Files

    - by James Wiseman
    I've noticed a discrepancy with some source files in our system whereby some contain source-control checkin comments, and some do not. These comments are added automatically to the top of the file when it is checked in: * $Log: //vm1/Projects/Morpheus/Sleep.bdy-arc $ -- -- Rev 1.14 Apr 14 2009 15:32:52 John Smith --Fixed bugs 2292 and 2230. This seems to have been quite prevelant in all the compainies with which I have worked, but I must confess that I struggle to see the point. Generally the comments aren't that good, are ofen left by people who have long since departed, and even when they are of a high standard it is difficult to tie them to physical code changes. It also strikes me, that you are physically changing the file that you are checking in. Now, this may not be such a problem with files that will be compiled, but could be a disaster with others, e.g. JavaScript files. So really, my query is what was the motivation in concept behind providing this functionality in the first instance? Does anyone actually find these comments useful? Also, I would be curious to know if this was feature that is commonly supported within Source Control systems. I am aware of it with PVCS, VSS and Subversion (Subversion Keyword Substitution), however I wonder if it is also available in some of the more popular DVCSs. Your help, as always is much appreciated.

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  • boost::binding that which is already bound

    - by PaulH
    I have a Visual Studio 2008 C++ application that does something like this: template< typename Fcn > inline void Bar( Fcn fcn ) // line 84 { fcn(); }; template< typename Fcn > inline void Foo( Fcn fcn ) { // this works fine Bar( fcn ); // this fails to compile boost::bind( Bar, fcn )(); }; void main() { SYSTEM_POWER_STATUS_EX status = { 0 }; Foo( boost::bind( ::GetSystemPowerStatusEx, &status, true ) ); // line 160 } *The call to GetSystemPowerStatusEx() is just for demonstration. Insert your favorite call there and the behavior is the same. When I go to compile this, I get 84 errors. I won't post them all unless asked, but they start with this: 1>.\MyApp.cpp(99) : error C2896: 'boost::_bi::bind_t<_bi::dm_result<MT::* ,A1>::type,boost::_mfi::dm<M,T>,_bi::list_av_1<A1>::type> boost::bind(M T::* ,A1)' : cannot use function template 'void Bar(Fcn)' as a function argument 1> .\MyApp.cpp(84) : see declaration of 'Bar' 1> .\MyApp.cpp(160) : see reference to function template instantiation 'void Foo<boost::_bi::bind_t<R,F,L>>(Fcn)' being compiled 1> with 1> [ 1> R=BOOL, 1> F=BOOL (__cdecl *)(PSYSTEM_POWER_STATUS_EX,BOOL), 1> L=boost::_bi::list2<boost::_bi::value<_SYSTEM_POWER_STATUS_EX *>,boost::_bi::value<bool>>, 1> Fcn=boost::_bi::bind_t<BOOL,BOOL (__cdecl *)(PSYSTEM_POWER_STATUS_EX,BOOL),boost::_bi::list2<boost::_bi::value<_SYSTEM_POWER_STATUS_EX *>,boost::_bi::value<bool>>> 1> ] If anybody can point out what I may be doing wrong, I would appreciate it. Thanks, PaulH

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  • SUA + Visual Studio + pthreads

    - by vasek7
    Hi, I cannot compile this code under SUA: #include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <pthread.h> void * thread_function(void *arg) { printf("thread_function started. Arg was %s\n", (char *)arg); // pause for 3 seconds sleep(3); // exit and return a message to another thread // that may be waiting for us to finish pthread_exit ("thread one all done"); } int main() { int res; pthread_t a_thread; void *thread_result; // create a thread that starts to run ‘thread_function’ pthread_create (&a_thread, NULL, thread_function, (void*)"thread one"); printf("Waiting for thread to finish...\n"); // now wait for new thread to finish // and get any returned message in ‘thread_result’ pthread_join(a_thread, &thread_result); printf("Thread joined, it returned %s\n", (char *)thread_result); exit(0); } I'm running on Windows 7 Ultimate x64 with Visual Studio 2008 and 2010 and I have installed: Windows Subsystem for UNIX Utilities and SDK for Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications in Microsoft Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 Include directories property of Visual Studio project is set to "C:\Windows\SUA\usr\include" What I have to configure in order to compile and run (and possibly debug) pthreads programs in Visual Studio 2010 (or 2008)?

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  • Free solution for automatic updates with a .NET/C# app?

    - by a2h
    Yes, from searching I can see this has been asked time and time again. Here's a backstory. I'm an individual hobbyist developer with zero budget. A program I've been developing has been in need of constant bugfixes, and me and users are getting tired of having to manually update. Me, because my current solution of Manually FTP to my website Update a file "newest.txt" with the newest version Update index.html with a link to the newest version Hope for people to see the "there's an update" message Have them manually download the update sucks, and whenever I screw up an update, I get pitchforks. Users, because, well, "Are you ever going to implement auto-update?" "Will there ever be an auto-update feature?" Over the past I have looked into: WinSparkle - No in-app updates, and the DLL is 500 KB. My current solution is a few KBs in the executable and has no in-app updates. http://windowsclient.net/articles/appupdater.aspx - I can't comprehend the documentation http://www.codeproject.com/KB/vb/Auto_Update_Revisited.aspx - Doesn't appear to support anything other than working with files that aren't in use wyUpdate - wyBuild isn't free, and the file specification is simply too complex. Maybe if I was under a company paying me I could spend the time, but then I may as well pay for wyBuild. http://www.kineticjump.com/update/default.aspx - Ditto the last sentence. ClickOnce - Workarounds for implementing launching on startup are massive, horrendous and not worth it for such a simple feature. Publishing is a pain; manual FTP and replace of all files is required for servers without FrontPage Extensions. I'm pretty much ready to throw in the towel right now and strangle myself. And then I think about Sparkle... EDIT: I came across SparkleDotNET just then. Looks good, though the DLL is 200 KB. Don't know if that's really that big of an issue, though.

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  • Is there any way to access files in your source tree in Android?

    - by Chris Thompson
    Hi all, This is a bit unorthodox but I'm trying to figure out if there's a way to access files stored in the src tree of my applications apk in Android. I'm trying to use i-Jetty (Jetty implementation for Android) and rather than use it as a separate application and manually download my war file, I'd rather just bake i-jetty in. However, in order to use (easily) standard html/jsp I need to be able to give it a document root, preferably within my application's apk file. I know Android specifically works to prevent you from accessing (freely) the stuff on the actual system so this may not be possible, but I'm thinking it might be possible to access something within the apk. One option to work around this would be to have all of the files stored in the res directory and then copy them to the sdcard on startup but this wouldn't allow me to automatically remove the files on uninstall. To give you an idea of what I've tried, currently, the html files are stored in org.webtext.android Context rootContext = new Context(server_, "/", Context.SESSIONS); rootContext.setResourceBase("org/webtext/webapp"); Returns a 404 error. final URL url = this.getClassLoader().getResource("org/webtext/webapp"); Context html = new WebAppContext(url.toExternalForm(), "/"); Blows up with a NullPointerException because no URL is returned from the getResource call. Any thoughts would be greatly appreciated! Thanks, Chris

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  • Simplest possible voting/synchronization algorithm

    - by Domchi
    What would be a simplest algorithm one or more people could use to decide who of them should perform some task? There is one task, which needs to be done only once, and one or more people. People can speak, that is, send messages one to another. Communication must be minimal, and all people use the exact same algorithm. One person saying "I'm doing it" is not good enough since two persons may say it at a same time. Simplest that comes to my mind is that each person says a number and waits a bit. If somebody responds in that time, the person with lower number "wins" and does the task. If nobody responds, person says that she's doing it and does it. When she says that she does it, everybody else backs off. This should be enough to avoid two persons doing the task in the same time (since there is wait/handhake period), but might need a "second round" if both persons say the same number. Is there something simpler? For those curious, I'm trying to synchronize several copies of SecondLife LSL script to do something only once.

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  • Combine 3 select fields and validate as one in my User model in ruby on rails 3

    - by Psychonetics
    Ok I have 3 select boxes for selecting date of birth. I have constants setup in my User model to provide months, years etc.. Anyway I can successfully validate these select boxes separately. What I want to do is combine the :day, :month and :year and store in :birthday and validate the whole date as one so I can return 1 error rather than 3 separate ones. Also doing this will make it easier to store the validated date in my birthday field in my database. Part of my form <td> <%= f.input :day, :required => false, :label => "Birthday: " , :prompt => "Day", :collection => User::DAYS %></td> <td> <%= f.input :month, :label => false, :prompt => "Month", :collection => User::MONTHS %> </td> <td> <%= f.input :year, :label => false, :prompt => "Year", :collection => User::YEAR_RANGE %> </td> Part of User model MONTHS = ["January", 1], ["February", 2], ["March", 3], ["April", 4], ["May", 5], ["June", 6], ["July", 7], ["August", 8], ["September", 9], ["October", 10], ["November", 11], ["December", 12] # finish this DAYS = 1..31 # finish this START_YEAR = Time.now.year - 106 END_YEAR = Time.now.year YEAR_RANGE = START_YEAR..END_YEAR class User < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessor :day, :month, :year validates_presence_of :day, :message = 'What day in a month was you born?' validates_presence_of :month, :message = 'What month was you born?' validates_presence_of :year, :message = 'What is your year of birth?' end

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  • Per-pixel per-component alpha blending in Windows

    - by Crend King
    I have a 24-bit bitmaps with R, G, B color channels and a 24-bit bitmap with R, G, B alpha channels. I want to alpha blend the first bitmap to a HDC in GDI or RenderTarget in Direct2D with the alpha channels respectively. For example, suppose for one pixel, the bitmap color is (192, 192, 192), the HDC color is (0, 255, 255) and the alpha channels are (30, 40, 50). The final HDC color should be (22, 245, 242). I know I can BitBlt the HDC to a memory HDC first, do alpha blending by manually calculating the color of each pixel and finally BitBlt back. I just want to avoid the additional blitting and leave APIs do their job (faster since they are in kernel space). The first idea comes to my mind is to split the source bitmap into 3 red-only, green-only and blue-only 8-bit bitmaps, do normal alpha blending, then composite the 3 output bitmaps into the HDC. But I don't find a way to do the splitting and composition natively in Windows (would Direct2D layer help?). Also, the splitting and compositing may require many additional copying. The performance overhead would be too high. Or maybe do the alpha blending in 3 passes. Each pass apply the blending for one channel, while maintaining the other 2 unchanged. Thanks for any comment. EDIT: I found this question, and the answer should be good reference to this problem. However, besides AC_SRC_OVER, there is no other blending operation supported. Why don't Microsoft improve their API?

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  • Interface Casting vs. Class Casting

    - by Legatou
    I've been led to believe that casting can, in certain circumstances, become a measurable hindrance on performance. This may be moreso the case when we start dealing with incoherent webs of nasty exception throwing\catching. Given that I wish to create more correct heuristics when it comes to programming, I've been prompted to ask this question to the .NET gurus out there: Is interface casting faster than class casting? To give a code example, let's say this exists: public interface IEntity { IParent DaddyMommy { get; } } public interface IParent : IEntity { } public class Parent : Entity, IParent { } public class Entity : IEntity { public IParent DaddyMommy { get; protected set; } public IParent AdamEve_Interfaces { get { IEntity e = this; while (this.DaddyMommy != null) e = e.DaddyMommy as IEntity; return e as IParent; } } public Parent AdamEve_Classes { get { Entity e = this; while (this.DaddyMommy != null) e = e.DaddyMommy as Entity; return e as Parent; } } } So, is AdamEve_Interfaces faster than AdamEve_Classes? If so, by how much? And, if you know the answer, why?

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  • Error when running rake db:create

    - by Amy
    Hi, I am trying to setup an ror app but I keep getting this error. Any ideas as to what may be causing the problem? /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require' /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:156:in `require' /home/projects/testproject/lib/tasks/more_tasks.rake:3 /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:145:in `load_without_new_constant_marking' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:145:in `load' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:521:in `new_constants_in' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/activesupport-2.3.5/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:145:in `load' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.5/lib/tasks/rails.rb:9 /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.5/lib/tasks/rails.rb:9:in `each' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-2.3.5/lib/tasks/rails.rb:9 /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require' /usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `require' /home/projects/testproject/Rakefile:10 /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2383:in `load' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2383:in `raw_load_rakefile' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2017:in `load_rakefile' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2068:in `standard_exception_handling' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2016:in `load_rakefile' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2000:in `run' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:2068:in `standard_exception_handling' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/lib/rake.rb:1998:in `run' /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rake-0.8.7/bin/rake:31 /usr/bin/rake:19:in `load' /usr/bin/rake:19

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  • Query on simple C++ threadpool implementation

    - by ticketman
    Stackoverflow has been a tremendous help to me and I'd to give something back to the community. I have been implementing a simple threadpool using the tinythread C++ portable thread library, using what I have learnt from Stackoverflow. I am new to thread programming, so not that comfortable with mutexes, etc. I have a question best asked after presenting the code (which runs quite well under Linux): // ThreadPool.h class ThreadPool { public: ThreadPool(); ~ThreadPool(); // Creates a pool of threads and gets them ready to be used void CreateThreads(int numOfThreads); // Assigns a job to a thread in the pool, but doesn't start the job // Each SubmitJob call will use up one thread of the pool. // This operation can only be undone by calling StartJobs and // then waiting for the jobs to complete. On completion, // new jobs may be submitted. void SubmitJob( void (*workFunc)(void *), void *workData ); // Begins execution of all the jobs in the pool. void StartJobs(); // Waits until all jobs have completed. // The wait will block the caller. // On completion, new jobs may be submitted. void WaitForJobsToComplete(); private: enum typeOfWorkEnum { e_work, e_quit }; class ThreadData { public: bool ready; // thread has been created and is ready for work bool haveWorkToDo; typeOfWorkEnum typeOfWork; // Pointer to the work function each thread has to call. void (*workFunc)(void *); // Pointer to work data void *workData; ThreadData() : ready(false), haveWorkToDo(false) { }; }; struct ThreadArgStruct { ThreadPool *threadPoolInstance; int threadId; }; // Data for each thread ThreadData *m_ThreadData; ThreadPool(ThreadPool const&); // copy ctor hidden ThreadPool& operator=(ThreadPool const&); // assign op. hidden // Static function that provides the function pointer that a thread can call // By including the ThreadPool instance in the void * parameter, // we can use it to access other data and methods in the ThreadPool instance. static void ThreadFuncWrapper(void *arg) { ThreadArgStruct *threadArg = static_cast<ThreadArgStruct *>(arg); threadArg->threadPoolInstance->ThreadFunc(threadArg->threadId); } // The function each thread calls void ThreadFunc( int threadId ); // Called by the thread pool destructor void DestroyThreadPool(); // Total number of threads available // (fixed on creation of thread pool) int m_numOfThreads; int m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork; int m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs; // List of threads std::vector<tthread::thread *> m_ThreadList; // Condition variable to signal each thread has been created and executing tthread::mutex m_ThreadReady_mutex; tthread::condition_variable m_ThreadReady_condvar; // Condition variable to signal each thread to start work tthread::mutex m_WorkToDo_mutex; tthread::condition_variable m_WorkToDo_condvar; // Condition variable to signal the main thread that // all threads in the pool have completed their work tthread::mutex m_WorkCompleted_mutex; tthread::condition_variable m_WorkCompleted_condvar; }; cpp file: // // ThreadPool.cpp // #include "ThreadPool.h" // This is the thread function for each thread. // All threads remain in this function until // they are asked to quit, which only happens // when terminating the thread pool. void ThreadPool::ThreadFunc( int threadId ) { ThreadData *myThreadData = &m_ThreadData[threadId]; std::cout << "Hello world: Thread " << threadId << std::endl; // Signal that this thread is ready m_ThreadReady_mutex.lock(); myThreadData->ready = true; m_ThreadReady_condvar.notify_one(); // notify the main thread m_ThreadReady_mutex.unlock(); while(true) { //tthread::lock_guard<tthread::mutex> guard(m); m_WorkToDo_mutex.lock(); while(!myThreadData->haveWorkToDo) // check for work to do m_WorkToDo_condvar.wait(m_WorkToDo_mutex); // if no work, wait here myThreadData->haveWorkToDo = false; // need to do this before unlocking the mutex m_WorkToDo_mutex.unlock(); // Do the work switch(myThreadData->typeOfWork) { case e_work: std::cout << "Thread " << threadId << ": Woken with work to do\n"; // Do work myThreadData->workFunc(myThreadData->workData); std::cout << "#Thread " << threadId << ": Work is completed\n"; break; case e_quit: std::cout << "Thread " << threadId << ": Asked to quit\n"; return; // ends the thread } // Now to signal the main thread that my work is completed m_WorkCompleted_mutex.lock(); m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork--; // Unsure if this 'if' would make the program more efficient // if(NumOfThreadsDoingWork == 0) m_WorkCompleted_condvar.notify_one(); // notify the main thread m_WorkCompleted_mutex.unlock(); } } ThreadPool::ThreadPool() { m_numOfThreads = 0; m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork = 0; m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs = 0; } ThreadPool::~ThreadPool() { if(m_numOfThreads) { DestroyThreadPool(); delete [] m_ThreadData; } } void ThreadPool::CreateThreads(int numOfThreads) { // Check a thread pool has already been created if(m_numOfThreads > 0) return; m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs = 0; m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork = 0; m_numOfThreads = numOfThreads; m_ThreadData = new ThreadData[m_numOfThreads]; ThreadArgStruct threadArg; for(int i=0; i<m_numOfThreads; ++i) { threadArg.threadId = i; threadArg.threadPoolInstance = this; // Creates the thread and save in a list so we can destroy it later m_ThreadList.push_back( new tthread::thread( ThreadFuncWrapper, (void *)&threadArg ) ); // It takes a little time for a thread to get established. // Best wait until it gets established before creating the next thread. m_ThreadReady_mutex.lock(); while(!m_ThreadData[i].ready) // Check if thread is ready m_ThreadReady_condvar.wait(m_ThreadReady_mutex); // If not, wait here m_ThreadReady_mutex.unlock(); } } // Adds a job to the batch, but doesn't start the job void ThreadPool::SubmitJob(void (*workFunc)(void *), void *workData) { // Check that the thread pool has been created if(!m_numOfThreads) return; if(m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs >= m_numOfThreads) return; m_ThreadData[m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs].workFunc = workFunc; m_ThreadData[m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs].workData = workData; std::cout << "Submitted job " << m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs << std::endl; m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs++; } void ThreadPool::StartJobs() { // Check that the thread pool has been created // and some jobs have been assigned if(!m_numOfThreads || !m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs) return; // Set 'haveworkToDo' flag for all threads m_WorkToDo_mutex.lock(); for(int i=0; i<m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs; ++i) m_ThreadData[i].haveWorkToDo = true; m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork = m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs; // Reset this counter so we can resubmit jobs later m_NumOfThreadsGivenJobs = 0; // Notify all threads they have work to do m_WorkToDo_condvar.notify_all(); m_WorkToDo_mutex.unlock(); } void ThreadPool::WaitForJobsToComplete() { // Check that a thread pool has been created if(!m_numOfThreads) return; m_WorkCompleted_mutex.lock(); while(m_NumOfThreadsDoingWork > 0) // Check if all threads have completed their work m_WorkCompleted_condvar.wait(m_WorkCompleted_mutex); // If not, wait here m_WorkCompleted_mutex.unlock(); } void ThreadPool::DestroyThreadPool() { std::cout << "Ask threads to quit\n"; m_WorkToDo_mutex.lock(); for(int i=0; i<m_numOfThreads; ++i) { m_ThreadData[i].haveWorkToDo = true; m_ThreadData[i].typeOfWork = e_quit; } m_WorkToDo_condvar.notify_all(); m_WorkToDo_mutex.unlock(); // As each thread terminates, catch them here for(int i=0; i<m_numOfThreads; ++i) { tthread::thread *t = m_ThreadList[i]; // Wait for thread to complete t->join(); } m_numOfThreads = 0; } Example of usage: (this calculates pi-squared/6) struct CalculationDataStruct { int inputVal; double outputVal; }; void LongCalculation( void *theSums ) { CalculationDataStruct *sums = (CalculationDataStruct *)theSums; int terms = sums->inputVal; double sum; for(int i=1; i<terms; i++) sum += 1.0/( double(i)*double(i) ); sums->outputVal = sum; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { int numThreads = 10; // Create pool ThreadPool threadPool; threadPool.CreateThreads(numThreads); // Create thread workspace CalculationDataStruct sums[numThreads]; // Set up jobs for(int i=0; i<numThreads; i++) { sums[i].inputVal = 3000*(i+1); threadPool.SubmitJob(LongCalculation, &sums[i]); } // Run the jobs threadPool.StartJobs(); threadPool.WaitForJobsToComplete(); // Print results for(int i=0; i<numThreads; i++) std::cout << "Sum of " << sums[i].inputVal << " terms is " << sums[i].outputVal << std::endl; return 0; } Question: In the ThreadPool::ThreadFunc method, would better performance be obtained if the following if statement if(NumOfThreadsDoingWork == 0) was included? Also, I'd be grateful of criticisms and ways to improve the code. At the same time, I hope the code is of use to others.

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  • Why does calling abort() on ajax request cause error in ASP.Net MVC (IE8)

    - by user169867
    I use jquery to post to an MVC controller action that returns a table of information. The user of the page triggers this by clicking on various links. In the event the user decides to click a bunch of these links in quick succession I wanted to cancel any previous ajax request that may not have finished. I've found that when I do this (although its fine from the client's POV) I will get errors on the web application saying that "The parameters dictionary contains a null entry for parameter srtCol of non-nullable type 'System.Int32'" Now the ajax post deffinately passes in all the parameters, and if I don't try and cancel the ajax request it works just fine. But if I do cancel the request by calling abort() on the XMLHttpRequest object that ajax() returns before it finishes I get the error from ASP.Net MVC. Example: //Cancel any pevious request if (req) { req.abort(); req = null; } //Make new request req= $.ajax({ type: 'POST', url: "/Myapp/GetTbl", data: {srtCol: srt, view: viewID}, success: OnSuccess, error: OnError, dataType: "html" }); I've noticed this only happen is IE8. In FF it seems to not cuase a problem. Does anyone know how to cancel an ajax request in IE8 without causing errors for MVC? Thanks for any help.

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