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• Stop squid caching 302 and 307 with deny_info

  - by 0xception

  TLDR: 302, 307 and Error pages are being cached. Need to force a refresh of the content. Long version: I've setup a very minimal squid instance running on a gateway which shouldn't not cache ANYTHING but needs to be solely used as a domain based web filter. I'm using another application which redirects un-authenticated users to the proxy which then uses the deny_info option redirects any non-whitelisted request to the login page. After the user has authenticated the firewall rule gets placed so they no longer get sent to the proxy. The problem is that when a user hits a website (xkcd.com) they are unauthenticated so they get redirected via the firewall: iptables -A unknown-user -t nat -p tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-port 39135 to the proxy at this point squid redirects the user to the login page using a 302 (i've also tried 307, and i've also make sure the headers are set to no-cache and/or no-store for Cache-Control and Pragma). Then when the user logs into the system they get firewall rule which no longer directs them to the squid proxy. But if they go to xkcd.com again they will have the original redirection page cached and will once again get the login page. Any idea how to force these redirects to NOT be cached by the browser? Perhaps this is a problem w/ the browsers and not squid, but not sure how to get around it. Full squid config below. # # Recommended minimum configuration: # acl manager proto cache_object acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 ::1 acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 ::1 acl localnet src 192.168.182.0/23 # RFC1918 possible internal network acl localnet src fc00::/7 # RFC 4193 local private network range acl localnet src fe80::/10 # RFC 4291 link-local (directly plugged) machines acl https port 443 acl http port 80 acl CONNECT method CONNECT # # Disable Cache # cache deny all via off negative_ttl 0 seconds refresh_all_ims on #error_default_language en # Allow manager access only from localhost http_access allow manager localhost http_access deny manager # Deny access to anything other then http http_access deny !http # Deny CONNECT to other than secure SSL ports http_access deny CONNECT !https visible_hostname gate.ovatn.net # Disable memory pooling memory_pools off # Never use neigh cache objects for cgi-bin scripts hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ? # # URL rewrite Test Settings # #acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" #url_rewrite_program /usr/lib/squid/redirector #url_rewrite_access allow !whitelist #url_rewrite_children 5 startup=0 idle=1 concurrency=0 #http_access allow all # # Deny Info Error Test # acl whitelist dstdomain "/etc/squid/domains-pre.lst" deny_info http://login.domain.com/ whitelist #deny_info ERR_ACCESS_DENIED whitelist http_access deny !whitelist http_access allow whitelist http_port 39135 transparent ## Debug Values access_log /var/log/squid/access-pre.log cache_log /var/log/squid/cache-pre.log # Production Values #access_log /dev/null #cache_log /dev/null # Set PID file pid_filename /var/run/gatekeeper-pre.pid SOLUTION: I believe I might have found a solution to this. After days and days trying to figure it out, only through a random stumble I found client_persistent_connections off server_persistent_connections off This did the trick. So it wasn't so much cache as it was a single persistent connection messing things up. W000T!

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• Open ports broken from internal network

  - by ksvi

  Quick summary: Forwarded port works from the outside world, but from the internal network using the external IP the connection is refused. This is a simplified situation to make the explanation easier: I have a computer that is running a service on port 12345. This computer has an internal IP 192.168.1.100 and is connected directly to a modem/router which has internal IP 192.168.1.1 and external (public, static) IP 1.2.3.4. (The router is TP-LINK TD-w8960N) I have set up port forwarding (virtual server) at port 12345 to go to port 12345 at 192.168.1.100. If I run telnet 192.168.1.100 12345 from the same computer everything works. But running telnet 1.2.3.4 12345 says connection refused. If I do this on another computer (on the same internal network, connected to the router) the same thing happens. This would seem like the port forwarding is not working. However... If I run a online port checking service on my external IP and the service port it says the port is open and I can see the remote server connecting and immediately closing connection. And using another computer that is connected to the internet using a mobile connection I can also use telnet 1.2.3.4 12345 and I get a working connection. So the port forwarding seems to be working, however using external IP from the internal network doesn't. I have no idea what can be causing this, since another setup very much like this (different router) works for me. I can access a service running on a server from inside the network both through the internal and external IP. Note: I know I could just use the internal IP inside of the network to access this service. But if I have a laptop that must be able to do this both from inside and outside it would be annoying to constantly switch between 1.2.3.4 and 192.168.1.100 in the software configuration. Router output: > iptables -t nat -L -n Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 224.0.0.0/3 DNAT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:25 to:192.168.1.101 DNAT udp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 udp dpt:25 to:192.168.1.101 DNAT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:110 to:192.168.1.101 DNAT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:12345 to:192.168.1.102 DNAT udp -- 0.0.0.0/0 192.168.1.1 udp dpt:53 to:217.118.96.203 Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination MASQUERADE all -- 192.168.1.0/24 0.0.0.0/0 Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination

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• How to configure nginx so it works with Express?

  - by Michal Stefanow

  I'm trying to configure nginx so it proxy_pass requests to my node apps. Question on StackOverflow got many upvotes: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5009324/node-js-nginx-and-now and I'm using config from there. (but since question is about server configuration it is supposed to be on ServerFault) Here is the nginx configuration: server { listen 80; listen [::]:80; root /var/www/services.stefanow.net/public_html; index index.html index.htm; server_name services.stefanow.net; location / { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; } location /test-express { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3002; } location /test-http { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:3003; } } Using plain node: var http = require('http'); http.createServer(function (req, res) { res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}); res.end('Hello World\n'); }).listen(3003, '127.0.0.1'); console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:3003/'); It works! Check: http://services.stefanow.net/test-http Using express: var express = require('express'); var app = express(); // app.get('/', function(req, res) { res.redirect('/index.html'); }); app.get('/index.html', function(req, res) { res.send("blah blah index.html"); }); app.listen(3002, "127.0.0.1"); console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:3002/'); It doesn't work :( See: http://services.stefanow.net/test-express I know that something is going on. a) test-express is NOT running b) text-express is running (and I can confirm it is running via command line while ssh on the server) root@stefanow:~# service nginx restart * Restarting nginx nginx [ OK ] root@stefanow:~# curl localhost:3002 Moved Temporarily. Redirecting to /index.html root@stefanow:~# curl localhost:3002/index.html blah blah index.html I tried setting headers as described here: http://www.nginxtips.com/how-to-setup-nginx-as-proxy-for-nodejs/ (still doesn't work) proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true; I also tried replacing '127.0.0.1' with 'localhost' and vice versa Please advise. I'm pretty sure I miss some obvious detail and I would like to learn more. Thank you.

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• Loose component cables causing HDMI video problems

  - by jwir3

  I'm not sure this is the correct forum, but I'll ask anyway. I have an A/V setup at home that has something like the following: Five Components (actually a few more, like a CD player, but they don't really relate to this question): Older Pioneer Receiver Digital Set Top Box Sony BluRay Player Samsung Plasma TV Speakers The reason for the receiver is so that all the sound can go through the speakers, rather than some going to the TV speakers and some to the external speakers. They are connected as follows: Digital Set Top Box connects via component video to Samsung TV directly via Component 2 (audio goes to Older Pioneer Receiver). Sony BluRay player is connected via HDMI 1 to TV, but audio goes to the receiver. Now, the problem I'm having is that when I have the digital set top box connected, there are times when the Netflix or Hulu streams I watch through the Sony BluRay player (it's connected to a router for internet access) will lose video. What I mean by this is that the sound of the episode will keep playing, but the screen will go black. If I jiggle the component cables, it will often come back. If I disconnect the component cables, it will always come back. I've noticed that one of the connections (the red component cable) doesn't like to sit very well in the component socket in the back of the digital set top box. It seems like there is a bad connection here, but it doesn't seem like this should be affecting the HDMI input at all. What I've noticed, though, is that when I disconnect the digital set top box completely (i.e. remove the component cable from the back of the TV), the problem seems to resolve itself. I'm not talking about actually removing the cable physically, because I thought perhaps the cables were mashing against one another, and possibly jiggling each other loose. To correct this possible problem, I took the component cable completely out of the cable ties it was in in the back of my entertainment center, as well as pulled the digital set top box out from the entertainment center altogether. It's now connected directly to the TV, without any other cables touching it to cause some kind of weird interference or just physical pulling on the cable. Same problem. If, however, I disconnect the component cable and just leave it sitting behind the TV, then the problem goes away. So, my question is this - what could be causing this? Is it a case where it's an improperly shielded component cable that's causing interference with the HDMI input, or something that's wrong with the TV? It's an intermittent problem, so it's difficult to track down. The TV isn't that old, so it's probably still under warranty. I'm just wondering if there is something else I can do that might reduce this problem without having to haul a massive television set out of my house to get repaired/replaced.

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• How to redirect http requests to http (nginx)

  - by spuder

  There appear to be many questions and guides out there that instruct how to setup nginx to redirect http requests to https. Many are outdated, or just flat out wrong. server { listen *:80; server_name <%= @fqdn %>; #root /nowhere; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri? permanent; #rewrite ^ https://$server_name$request_uri permanent; #return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://$server_name$request_uri; #return 301 http://192.168.33.10$request_uri; return 301 http://$host$request_uri; } server { listen *:443 ssl default_server; server_name <%= @fqdn %>; server_tokens off; root <%= @git_home %>/gitlab/public; ssl on; ssl_certificate <%= @gitlab_ssl_cert %>; ssl_certificate_key <%= @gitlab_ssl_key %>; ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers AES:HIGH:!ADH:!MDF; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { # serve static files from defined root folder;. # @gitlab is a named location for the upstream fallback, see below try_files $uri $uri/index.html $uri.html @gitlab; } # if a file, which is not found in the root folder is requested, # then the proxy pass the request to the upsteam (gitlab puma) location @gitlab { proxy_read_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_connect_timeout 300; # https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/issues/694 proxy_redirect off; ect.... I've restarted after every configuration change, and yet I still only get the 'Welcome to nginx' page when visiting http://192.168.33.10. whereas https://192.168.33.10 works perfectly. Why will nginx still not redirect http requests to https? tailf /var/log/nginx/access.log 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:41:39 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" 192.168.33.1 - - [22/Oct/2013:03:44:43 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 133 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.8; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" tailf /var/log/nginx/gitlab_error.lob 2013/10/22 02:29:14 [crit] 27226#0: *1 connect() to unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket failed (2: No such file or directory) while connecting to upstream, client: 192.168.33.1, server: gitlab.localdomain, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", upstream: "http://unix:/home/git/gitlab/tmp/sockets/gitlab.socket:/", host: "192.168.33.10" Resources http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls How to make nginx redirect How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx? nginx ssl redirect Nginx & Https Redirection https://www.tinywp.in/301-redirect-wordpress/ How to force or redirect to SSL in nginx?

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• Custom initrd init script: how to create /dev/initctl

  - by Posco Grubb

  I have a virtual machine (VMM is Xen 3.3) equipped with two IDE HDD's (/dev/hda and /dev/hdb). The root file system is in /dev/hda1, where Scientific Linux 5.4 is installed. /dev/hdb contains an empty ext2 file system. I want to protect the root file system from writes by the VM by using aufs (AnotherUnionFS) to layer a writable file system on top of the root file system. The changes to / will be written to the file system located on /dev/hdb. (Furthermore, outside the VM, the file backing the /dev/hda will also be set to read-only permissions, so the VMM should also prevent the VM from modifying at that level.) (The purpose of this setup: be able to corrupt a virtual machine using software-implemented fault injection but preserve the file system image in order to quickly reboot the VM to a fault-free state.) How do I get an initrd init script to do the necessary mounts to create the union file system? I've tried 2 approaches: I've tried modifying the nash script that mkinitrd creates, but I don't know what setuproot and switchroot do and how to make them use my aufs as the new root. Apparently, nobody else here knows either. (EDIT: I take that back.) I've tried building a LiveCD (using linux-live-6.3.0) and then modifying the Bash /linuxrc script from the generated initrd, and I got the mounts correct, but the final /sbin/init complains about /dev/initctl. Specifically, my /linuxrc mounts the aufs at /union. The last few lines of /linuxrc effectively do the following: cd /union mkdir -p mnt/live pivot_root . mnt/live exec sbin/chroot . sbin/init </dev/console >/dev/console 2>&1 When init starts, it outputs something like init: /dev/initctl: No such file or directory. What is supposed to create this FIFO? I found no such filename in the original linuxrc and liblinuxlive scripts. I tried creating it via "mkfifo /dev/initctl", but then init complained about a timeout opening or writing to the FIFO. Would appreciate any help or pointers. Thanks.

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• Nagios3: Conditional operators for service checks?

  - by Dave

  I'm trying to setup Nagios to monitor my various using hostgroups to define 'machine roles', against which I run services to check the machines by role. However, I'd like to use conditional operators that would enable me to run the service check against an intersection of two host groups, rather than their unions... i.e. using &&, ||, or () operators. For example, imagine I have the following servers: www-eu: Linux WWW (Apache) server, in the EU www-us: Windows WWW (IIS) server, in the US (West coast) ftp-eu: Linux FTP server, in the EU ftp-us: Windows FTP server, in the US I would want to create the following host groups: US-Servers: www-us, ftp-us EU-Servers: www-eu, ftp-eu WWW-Servers: www-us, www-eu FTP-Servers: ftp-us, ftp-eu Now say I'm interested in checking the HTTP response time for my web servers. Then let's say this particular Nagios service is running from the US (West Coast), and that I have a command called *check_http_response_time*. This command will check the responsiveness of the HTTP server, which I can provide an argument which defines the max response time before raising critical. My command might look like: check_http_response_time $HOSTNAME$ 50 Now traditionally, I can run my checks by specifying a list of host or hostgroups. define service{ use local-service hostgroup_name WWW-Servers # Servers = www-us, www-eu servicegroups WWW Checks service_description Check HTTP Response Time check_command check_http_response_time!50 } However, with the above service definition, given my Nagios service is in US West, I could reasonably expect that my EU server will return critical. Really, I want different thresholds for each region (50 for US West, 200 for EU.) I would have to permutate my service for each host and set their custom threshold, or alternatively permutate out my service groups by role & region (i.e. WWW-Servers-EU), and run my specific thresholds against those. Though the latter is better, both are much messier than I'd like... What I would love, and what this post is asking for, is a way to use hostgroups to perform an intersection using conditional logic, rather than a simple union. It might look like: define service{ use local-service hostgroup_name WWW-Servers && US-Servers servicegroups WWW Checks service_description Check HTTP Response Time check_command check_http_response_time!50 } It then would run the check only against servers that are in both WWW-Servers and US-Servers, in my example, just www-us. The benefits of such a feature would be significant for Nagios services configured for large-scale. Is this feature available? If it isn't, will it be available in the future? Is there an alternative way to accomplish this given the most recent Nagios version? Any tips/suggestions are most appreciated! Dave

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• IKE Phase 1 Aggressive Mode exchange does not complete

  - by Isaac Sutherland

  I've configured a 3G IP Gateway of mine to connect using IKE Phase 1 Aggressive Mode with PSK to my openswan installation running on Ubuntu server 12.04. I've configured openswan as follows: /etc/ipsec.conf: version 2.0 config setup nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off protostack=netkey conn net-to-net authby=secret left=192.168.0.11 [email protected] leftsubnet=10.1.0.0/16 leftsourceip=10.1.0.1 right=%any [email protected] rightsubnet=192.168.127.0/24 rightsourceip=192.168.127.254 aggrmode=yes ike=aes128-md5;modp1536 auto=add /etc/ipsec.secrets: @left.paxcoda.com @right.paxcoda.com: PSK "testpassword" Note that both left and right are NAT'd, with dynamic public IP's. My left ISP gives my router a public IP, but my right ISP gives me a shared dynamic public IP and dynamic private IP. I have dynamic dns for the public ip on the left side. Here is what I see when I sniff the ISAKMP protocol: 21:17:31.228715 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 235, id 43639, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 437) 74.198.87.93.49604 > 192.168.0.11.isakmp: [udp sum ok] isakmp 1.0 msgid 00000000 cookie da31a7896e2a1958->0000000000000000: phase 1 I agg: (sa: doi=ipsec situation=identity (p: #1 protoid=isakmp transform=1 (t: #1 id=ike (type=enc value=aes)(type=keylen value=0080)(type=hash value=md5)(type=auth value=preshared)(type=group desc value=modp1536)(type=lifetype value=sec)(type=lifeduration len=4 value=00015180)))) (ke: key len=192) (nonce: n len=16 data=(da31a7896e2a19582b33...0000001462b01880674b3739630ca7558cec8a89)) (id: idtype=FQDN protoid=0 port=0 len=17 right.paxcoda.com) (vid: len=16) (vid: len=16) (vid: len=16) (vid: len=16) 21:17:31.236720 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 456) 192.168.0.11.isakmp > 74.198.87.93.49604: [bad udp cksum 0x649c -> 0xcd2f!] isakmp 1.0 msgid 00000000 cookie da31a7896e2a1958->5b9776d4ea8b61b7: phase 1 R agg: (sa: doi=ipsec situation=identity (p: #1 protoid=isakmp transform=1 (t: #1 id=ike (type=enc value=aes)(type=keylen value=0080)(type=hash value=md5)(type=auth value=preshared)(type=group desc value=modp1536)(type=lifetype value=sec)(type=lifeduration len=4 value=00015180)))) (ke: key len=192) (nonce: n len=16 data=(32ccefcb793afb368975...000000144a131c81070358455c5728f20e95452f)) (id: idtype=FQDN protoid=0 port=0 len=16 left.paxcoda.com) (hash: len=16) (vid: len=16) (pay20) (pay20) (vid: len=16) However, my 3G Gateway (on the right) doesn't respond, and I don't know why. I think left's response is indeed getting through to my gateway, because in another question, I was trying to set up a similar scenario with Main Mode IKE, and in that case it looks as though at least one of the three 2-way main mode exchanges succeeded. What other explanation for the failure is there? (The 3G Gateway I'm using on the right is a Moxa G3150, by the way.)

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• Troubleshooting major performance issue: Is culprit Intel RST, Hard drive, or something else?

  - by Sean Killeen

  The Setup I have the following components that come into play in this situation: ASUS P8Z68 V/PRO motherboard a RAID1 configuration (1x 1TB drive, 1 x 2TB drive -- I explain below), accelerated with an SSD using Intel's RST software, and 1 TB drive standing by as a spare. Core i7 2600k 32 GB RAM Windows 8.1 This box was designed to be beast, and until just recently, was very good at being just that. What's Happening The system has slowed to a crawl whenever it touches the disk. Things appear to work at normal speed when dealing with memory. For example, typing this is fine, but saving it to disk from notepad gave me a 5-7 second pause when clicking save. The disks appear to be at 100% all the time (e.g. the light on the disk access on the PC is solidly on -- not even any flashing) In ProcExp it appears that the disk is barely being utilized at all: Intel RST reports that everything is fine: Other Details Prior to this happening, RST had reported that my drives were failing (one went bad, one was throwing SMART events). This made sense; they were at the tail end of their warranty and the PC is on almost all the time. I RMA'd the drives via Seagate. In the meantime, I'd purchased a 2TB drive because I didn't realize that the 1TB drives were under warranty. I figured I'd replace the other 1 TB drive with another 2 TB when it died but then discovered the warranty. AFAIK, I haven't done any major updates since 8.1 and it worked fine after those. Question(s) How can I troubleshoot this? What is the best way to try to figure out why disks are being maxed out despite the OS reporting barely any disk usage and that everything is OK? Given the failures, etc. that I describe above, is it possible that the problem could be the I/O on the motherboard itself? If so, how would I even be able to diagnose it? I'm betting the drives that Seagate gave me are refurbished (didn't think to look; that's dumb). Is it possible that the same model drive, refurbished, could somehow cause this? In terms of how RAID1 works, is it possible that one drive is "falling behind" somehow, and that the RAID1 is constantly trying to fix the mirroring? If so, this seems like Intel RST would report on it, but I wanted to consider it as an option.

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• WSS and CAG , _layout pages break

  - by Mike

  Alright, I've searched everywhere and I cannot find the answer, due to the rarity of our setup. WSS 3.0/IIS 6.0/WinServer 2003 We have a sharepoint site that is in good shape, almost. Its TCP and SSL port are uncommon and need to be rerouted to work properly. This is where the Citrix Access Gateway (CAG) comes in play. It will redirect any request from URL (something.something.com) to the correct SSL port on the correct server. My AAM is configured to Default something.something.com and nothing else, since the CAG will provide the port. We use FBA, and require SSL. This works perfectly for everything that is safe or that is anything that an end user can see, but if I try to add a webpart, it errors out. Whereas if I add it internally, or bypass the CAG the webpart adds fine. The same goes for most of the _layouts pages, like _layouts/new.aspx. If I add a Link List/Doc library on the something.something.com, it errors out (Page cannot be displayed) and the page won't display, but if I try it with an internal address it will work fine. I found that if I am trying to add something or doing anything administrative, the site will navigate to the pages that I need to go to fine, but when i actually ADD something the URL will change from something.something.com to something.something.com:SSLport, thus erroring out the site. The URL with the SSL port shows on the Site URL when navigating to Site Settings. However, if I bypass the CAG, using the internal address the _layouts page works like a charm and i can add anything. All the CAG does is reroute a DNS request to the provided server and port. I've tried reextending the application, no luck same thing. I've tried changing the AAM to hide the port and the CAG rejects it. I've tried to recreate a new webapp/site collection with the same rules on the CAG, same thing occurs. Correct me if I'm wrong, and please provide me with some feedback and answers. Any suggestions would be very appreciated. Is it the CAG or the Alternate Access Mappings (AAM)?

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• HP F2180 driver installation fails on 64-bit Windows 7

  - by Noam Gal

  Hello; I am trying to install the HP Deskjet AIO (non-network) driver on my machine, which is running the 64-bit version of Windows 7. Before installing it, Windows detected my printer just fine... But I wanted to use the HP scanning application, because tt allows me to scan several photos at once. I ran the DJ_AIO_NonNetwork_ENU_NB file I got from their site, and the installation went almost without a problem... However, at the part where it should have detected the printer, it didn't, so I skipped it - telling the installer I'll connect the printer later. After it was finished I was able to use it regularly, and also scan using the wanted HP application. However, the installer kept popping at random intervals, and giving me an error message. Yesterday I tried removing all the installed HP Applications, and installing from scratch. Running the same installer setup, it now insists that it does not support my operating system, and that 64-bit Vista is the highest it can go... I just don't understand why this is occuring all of the sudden. Has anybody here successfully installed the AIO driver on the 64-bit version of Windows 7? UPDATE: Been chatting with HP chat support over the weekend. Managed to really mess up my windows. At first, they told me to uninstall using an "unintall_l3" batch file inside their installer package, and then reinstall. Didn't work. Also the "l4" batch didn't make any difference. Afterwards I was told to install "Windows install clean up" and remove many hp entries (most of which were not listed on my computer), and I also removed many other hp entries I bumped upon. Then my office 2k7 started failing. I searched around the web, and ran Security Restore, so now my office works, but my windows explorer is all buggy - can't seem to open windows explorer - it hangs while trying to load my hard drives, or completely ignores them and just shows my libraries. Anyone here has any idea how I can restore my win7 to normal, with or without the annoying scanner? UPDATE 2: Ok - explorer back to normal. I guess I just had to wait until it finishes searching while opening the windows explorer for the first time after the Security Restore. Scanner still not working though.

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• How to stop a random ramp in FCGI Processes Killing the server

  - by Andy Main

  So got the below earlier to day... Around that time the logs show a ramp in processes(600) and associated memory (1.2g), cpu usage load average (80) untill the server gave out. Server had to be hard reset by host as there was no ssh or plesk panel access. Fast CGI is configured as below and is setup for one high use site. As I understand it FcgidMaxProcesses 20 should protect against what happen but has not. I've read many forums with differing answers and references to many different fcgi directives, but have found nothing conclusive. Any one got some definitive answers on how to stop this sort of server process ramping and subsequent server failure? If you need more info let me know. Cheers Andy  /var/log/apache2/error_log [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17651 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17650 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17649 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17644 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17643 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17638 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17633 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17627 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:47 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17622 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17674 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17673 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17672 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17667 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17666 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17665 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17664 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17659 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17658 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17657 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17656 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Thu May 17 07:40:51 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 17651 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VRmFLWEZfR2VBb2M https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VWTcwZEhoV2Fqejg https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VUUtVWWFINHZjZ0U https://docs.google.com/a/thesugarrefinery.com/open?id=0B_XbpWChge0VZEVMclh6ZUdaOUE <IfModule mod_fcgid.c> <IfModule !mod_fastcgi.c> AddHandler fcgid-script fcg fcgi fpl </IfModule> FcgidIPCDir /var/lib/apache2/fcgid/sock FcgidProcessTableFile /var/lib/apache2/fcgid/shm FcgidIdleTimeout 40 FcgidProcessLifeTime 30 FcgidMaxProcesses 20 FcgidMaxProcessesPerClass 20 FcgidMinProcessesPerClass 0 FcgidConnectTimeout 30 FcgidIOTimeout 120 FcgidInitialEnv RAILS_ENV production FcgidIdleScanInterval 10 FcgidMaxRequestLen 1073741824 </IfModule>

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• Linux RAID-0 performance doesn't scale up over 1 GB/s

  - by wazoox

  I have trouble getting the max throughput out of my setup. The hardware is as follow : dual Quad-Core AMD Opteron(tm) Processor 2376 16 GB DDR2 ECC RAM dual Adaptec 52245 RAID controllers 48 1 TB SATA drives set up as 2 RAID-6 arrays (256KB stripe) + spares. Software : Plain vanilla 2.6.32.25 kernel, compiled for AMD-64, optimized for NUMA; Debian Lenny userland. benchmarks run : disktest, bonnie++, dd, etc. All give the same results. No discrepancy here. io scheduler used : noop. Yeah, no trick here. Up until now I basically assumed that striping (RAID 0) several physical devices should augment performance roughly linearly. However this is not the case here : each RAID array achieves about 780 MB/s write, sustained, and 1 GB/s read, sustained. writing to both RAID arrays simultaneously with two different processes gives 750 + 750 MB/s, and reading from both gives 1 + 1 GB/s. however when I stripe both arrays together, using either mdadm or lvm, the performance is about 850 MB/s writing and 1.4 GB/s reading. at least 30% less than expected! running two parallel writer or reader processes against the striped arrays doesn't enhance the figures, in fact it degrades performance even further. So what's happening here? Basically I ruled out bus or memory contention, because when I run dd on both drives simultaneously, aggregate write speed actually reach 1.5 GB/s and reading speed tops 2 GB/s. So it's not the PCIe bus. I suppose it's not the RAM. It's not the filesystem, because I get exactly the same numbers benchmarking against the raw device or using XFS. And I also get exactly the same performance using either LVM striping and md striping. What's wrong? What's preventing a process from going up to the max possible throughput? Is Linux striping defective? What other tests could I run?

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• Microphones not working on Apple macbook Air 1,1 (Early 2008) under Linux

  - by jj_p

  I'm running Linux on an mba. I can't make the microphones (neither external nor internal) work. I test using alsamixer and arecord -d 5 test-mic.waw together with aplay test-mic.waw It seems there is a problem with kernel trying to decipher Apple (intentionally) corrupted 'bios', in particular the mic pins are wrongly assigned. As far as we are concerned here, is there any difference between using EFI and BIOS-compatibility mode? (see https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/MacBook where they claim to have everything working out of the box on mba1,1) A nice proposal would be to compile the latest Linux kernel and run hda-jack-retask to find the right configuration (in the case of Realtek codec, the missing things I'm supposed to check are either some vendor-specific COEF verbs, EAPD or GPIO setup.), and then come up with a kernel patch to address the issue. Since I'm not that familiar with this last part of the story, can anyone help me through this process? Some useful data: The output from alsa script run as root http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=adae8ebee1007043fe83414ac4972319e02255fa The command hda-jack-sense-test -a (with external mic in) Pin 0x14 (Internal Speaker): present = No Pin 0x15 (Green HP Out): present = Yes Pin 0x16 (Not connected): present = No Pin 0x17 (Not connected): present = No Pin 0x18 (Not connected): present = No Pin 0x19 (Not connected): present = No Pin 0x1a (Not connected): present = No Pin 0x1b (Not connected): present = No Pin 0x1c (Not connected): present = No Pin 0x1d (Not connected): present = No Pin 0x1e (Not connected): present = No Pin 0x1f (Not connected): present = No Most likely the chip is Realtek ALC885 (compare also ALC889A) http://guide-images.ifixit.net/igi/bBTSqaeK5JpQ1AWe.large , although at the moment alsa reads it as ALC889A Takashi Iwai's tutorial https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Some people researched the original files from a running OS X installation on this same model (I think the relevant files are AppleHDA.kext/Contents/MacOS/AppleHDA AppleHDA.kext/Contents/PlugIns/AppleHDAHardwareConfigDriver.kext/Contents/Info.p????list AppleHDA.kext/Contents/Resources/layout12.xml.zlib AppleHDA.kext/Contents/Resources/Platforms.xml.zlib) http://www.insanelymac.com/forum/topic/220090-alc889a-pin-configuration/#entry1554954 Datasheet http://www.realtek.info/pdf/ALC885_1-1.pdf (from the same Realtek, one can also try to download Linux driver, but this is just taken from ALSA project, as stated in the readme file.) Compare with this Arch guy http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=3ca8243c0626844f0264a3faad0aa72018bc14f4 Here for the first time support to audio (except mics) for mba1,2 (which is morally the same as 1,1) is patched into the kernel http://www.alsa-project.org/pipermail/alsa-devel/2010-February/025511.html The same jack supposedly works both for HP and ext MIC, I think it's called TRRS, and it's the same as the one used e.g. for iphones This guy might have done a similar job, though to a more recent version and for sound globally, not just mics: http://blogs.aerys.in/jeanmarc-leroux/2013/09/15/fixing-2013-macbook-air-ubuntu-sound-issue/ (this is mirror to http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/73044/microphones-not-working-on-apple-macbook-air-1-1-early-2008-under-linux )

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• WinXP - Having trouble sharing internet with 3G USB modem via ICS

  - by Carlos Nunez

  all! I've been banging my head against a wall with this issue for a few days now and am hoping someone can help out. I recently signed up for T-Mobile's webConnect 3G/4G service to replace the faltering (and slow) DSL connection in my apartment. The goal was to put the SIM in one of my old phones and use its built-in WLAN tethering feature to share Internet out to rest of my computers. I quickly found out that webConnect-provisioned SIMs do not work with regular smartphones, so I was forced to either buy a 4G-compatible router or tether one of my old laptops to my wireless router and share out that way. I chose the latter, and it's sharpening my inner masochistic self by the day. Here's the setup: GSM USB modem (via hub), ICS host - 10/100 Mbps Ethernet NIC, ICS "guest" - WAN port of my SMC WGBR14N wireless router in bridged mode (i.e. wireless access point). Ideally, this would make my laptop the DHCP server and internet gateway with the WAP giving everyone wireless coverage. I can browse internet on the host laptop fine. However, when clients try to connect, they get a DHCP-assigned IP from the laptop and are able to use the Internet for a few minutes before completely dying. After that happens, they are able to re-associate with the WAP and get IP addresses, but are unable to use Internet or resolve IP addresses until the laptop and router are restarted. If they do get access, it's very, very slow. After running Wireshark on the host machine, it turns out that this is because every TCP connection keeps getting RST. DNS seems to work. I would normally think the firewall is the culprit here, but when it drops packets, it drops them completely. The fact that TCP connections are being ACK'ed by the destination rules that out. Of course, none of the event Log isn't saying anything about what's going on. I also tried disabling power management on the NIC, since that's caused problems in the past; that didn't help either. I finally disabled receive-side scaling as per a Microsoft KB (that applied to Windows Server 2003, SP2) to no avail. I'm thinking of trying it with a different NIC (will be tough; don't have a spare Ethernet NIC around for the laptop), but I'm getting the impression that this simply doesn't work. Can anyone please advise? I apologise for the length of this post; all contributions are much appreciated! -Carlos.

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• Accessing guests on virtual network when connected to host via PPTP

  - by Viktor Elofsson

  I'm setting up a development machine which runs Ubuntu 12.04 and KVM for virtualization. I have a guest running Ubuntu 12.04 which can be accessed from the host via its IP address which is assigned by libvirt. The guest can also access the internet, no problem there. However, now I want to setup PPTP so I can connect to the host (from my workstation running Windows 7) and directly access guests without relying on SSH port forwarding. I can connect from my W7-machine to the host (PPTP), but I cannot access any virtual machines (which are accessable from the host directly). Relevant configuration files cat /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback # device: eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address x.x.x.x broadcast x.x.x.x netmask x.x.x.x gateway x.x.x.x # default route to access subnet up route add -net x.x.x.x netmask x.x.x.x gw x.x.x.x eth0 virsh net-edit default <network> <name>default</name> <uuid>xxxxxxxx-72ce-3c20-af0f-d3a010f1bef0</uuid> <forward mode='nat'/> <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0' /> <mac address='52:54:00:xx:xx:xx'/> <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'> <dhcp> <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254' /> <host mac='52:54:00:yy:yy:yy' name='web1' ip='192.168.122.11' /> </dhcp> </ip> </network> cat /etc/pptpd.conf (commented lines removed) # TAG: option # Specifies the location of the PPP options file. # By default PPP looks in '/etc/ppp/options' # option /etc/ppp/pptpd-options # TAG: logwtmp # Use wtmp(5) to record client connections and disconnections. # logwtmp #(Recommended) localip 192.168.122.1 remoteip 192.168.122.234-238,192.168.122.245 cat /etc/ppp/chap-secrets* # Secrets for authentication using CHAP # client server secret IP addresses xxxxx * yyyyyyyyyy 192.168.122.100 I get the correct IP address when connecting my W7-machine, but when I try to ping the virtual machine at 192.168.122.11 I get Reply from 192.168.122.1: Destination port unreachable. It's probably something trivial I'm missing but I can't for the life of me figure out what it is. So I'm turning to you, serverfault.

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• Cannot browse network shares in Windows Explorer, but paths are still accessible

  - by Jeff Lockhart

  Windows Explorer has somehow corrupted itself and I'm not sure how to fix this problem. My Windows installation has been in use for a few years with network shares setup and working. Recently, I noticed that a program that I use to save network share paths to a database was no longer opening the explorer window to browse the path. It usually opens to the last path saved, but now it was just not opening at all. When I go to Windows Explorer to browse the network share directly, I get the error \\SERVER is not accessible. You might not have permission to use this network resource. Contact the administrator of this server to find out if you have access permissions. The specified network provider name is invalid. The network shares are just shares on the server itself (once saved to the database, they're used on the server as well as clients to reach files). The strange thing is, the files are still accessible from the program that uses them if I type the network share path in manually. So it is only a problem with Windows Explorer browsing the path. The reason I think there is some sort of configuration or setting, possibly in the registry, corrupted is that when the problem first manifest itself, I was somehow able to open an explorer window to a network share path, but the breadcrumb in the address bar did not function properly. It duplicated the share name folder at the top of the breadcrumb stack and when I clicked the second of the duplicated share folder, it crashed explorer.exe. I haven't been able to browse any network share path since this happened. I have tried using the IP address directly \\192.168.1.# as well as \\localhost and neither of those work either. I have tried running sfc /scannow and it did not find any errors. I tried ipconfig /flushdns and this made no difference. Attempting to map the network share to a drive fails using either the explorer GUI or net use command. Is there some way to reset Windows Explorer somehow to resolve this? I'd really like to avoid reinstalling Windows entirely if I can.

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• Specifying network settings during SLES 11 auto installation

  - by banjer

  I'm setting up an autoinst.xml file for auto-installing SLES 11. I get prompted for the various interface settings per below, but they don't seem to stick once the server reboots. I don't think I have the xml defined correctly. I'm hoping someone has experience with this. <ask-list> <ask> <path>networking,dns,hostname</path> <question>Enter Hostname (server name)</question> <stage>initial</stage> <default>merkin</default> </ask> <ask> <path>networking,interfaces,interface,0,device</path> <question>Enter the primary ethernet device:</question> <stage>initial</stage> <default>eth0</default> </ask> <ask> <path>networking,interfaces,interface,0,ipaddr</path> <question>Enter the primary IP Address:</question> <stage>initial</stage> </ask> <ask> <path>networking,interfaces,interface,0,netmask</path> <question>Enter the Netmask Address:</question> <stage>initial</stage> </ask> <ask> <path>networking,routing,routes,route,0,gateway</path> <question>Enter the primary Gateway Address:</question> <stage>initial</stage> </ask> </ask-list> The first one for hostname seems to be sticking just fine, but the rest do not. As an alternative, is there a way to stop the autoinstall at the section where you configure the network devices so that the user can take over? I was able to show the partition proposal, but not sure how to do the same with the networking setup.

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• Network Bridging for WiFi-to-Ethernet in linux

  - by shakaran

  It is possible Network Bridging for WiFi-to-Ethernet in linux instead of Ethernet-to-Ethernet? I have a CentOS 6.3 machine. I am using KVM and I want perform a brigde for virtualize more machines. This machine is connected only via wireless connection and it doesn't have a ethernet connection. So, I did a bridge over the WiFi interface like: # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 DEVICE="br0" NM_CONTROLLED="yes" ONBOOT=yes TYPE=Bridge BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=192.168.1.50 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 DNS1=8.8.8.8 DNS2=8.8.4.4 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="System br0" Then I edit my wireless conection like: # cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-mywireless ESSID="mywireless" MODE=Managed KEY_MGMT=WPA-PSK WPA_ALLOW_WPA2=yes CIPHER_PAIRWISE=CCMP CIPHER_GROUP=CCMP TYPE=Wireless #BOOTPROTO=none #IPADDR=192.168.1.50 #PREFIX=24 #GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 #DNS1=8.8.8.8 #DNS2=8.8.4.4 DEFROUTE=yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=yes IPV6INIT=no NAME="Auto mywireless" UUID=874***** ONBOOT=yes LAST_CONNECT=1355923469 BRIDGE=br0 After, I restart the network: # /etc/init.d/network restart Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface Auto_mywireless: Error: Unknown connection: 874***** [FAILED] Bringing up interface br0: [ OK ] But as you can see, it show a error. My ifconfig output shows now: # ifconfig br0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 6E:20:AD:CE:D8:AB inet addr:192.168.1.50 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::6c20:adff:fece:d8ab/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:67 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:6393 (6.2 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:432 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:432 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:62433 (60.9 KiB) TX bytes:62433 (60.9 KiB) ra0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:F7:2B:87:E5 inet addr:192.168.1.42 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::222:f7ff:fe2b:87e5/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:46 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:487894880 (465.2 MiB) TX bytes:148136473 (141.2 MiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 52:54:00:5B:30:9A inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:70 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:5838 (5.7 KiB) But this doesn't give internet connection and I loss access to 192.168.1.50. So, it is possible setup this networking bridge WiFi-to-Ethernet?

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• open-sshd service withou pam support !! How can I add pam support to sshd? Ubuntu

  - by marc.riera

  Hi, I'm using AD as my user account server with ldap. Most of the servers run with UsePam yes except this one, it has lack of pam support on sshd. root@linserv9:~# ldd /usr/sbin/sshd linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff621fe000) libutil.so.1 => /lib/libutil.so.1 (0x00007fd759d0b000) libz.so.1 => /usr/lib/libz.so.1 (0x00007fd759af4000) libnsl.so.1 => /lib/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007fd7598db000) libcrypto.so.0.9.8 => /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8 (0x00007fd75955b000) libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007fd759323000) libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00007fd758fc1000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fd758dbd000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd759f0e000) I have this packages installed root@linserv9:~# dpkg -l|grep -E 'pam|ssh' ii denyhosts 2.6-2.1 an utility to help sys admins thwart ssh hac ii libpam-modules 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Pluggable Authentication Modules for PAM ii libpam-runtime 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Runtime support for the PAM library ii libpam-ssh 1.91.0-9.2 enable SSO behavior for ssh and pam ii libpam0g 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Pluggable Authentication Modules library ii libpam0g-dev 0.99.7.1-5ubuntu6.1 Development files for PAM ii openssh-blacklist 0.1-1ubuntu0.8.04.1 list of blacklisted OpenSSH RSA and DSA keys ii openssh-client 1:4.7p1-8ubuntu1.2 secure shell client, an rlogin/rsh/rcp repla ii openssh-server 1:4.7p1-8ubuntu1.2 secure shell server, an rshd replacement ii quest-openssh 5.2p1_q13-1 Secure shell root@linserv9:~# What I'm doing wrong? thanks. Edit: root@linserv9:~# cat /etc/pam.d/sshd # PAM configuration for the Secure Shell service # Read environment variables from /etc/environment and # /etc/security/pam_env.conf. auth required pam_env.so # [1] # In Debian 4.0 (etch), locale-related environment variables were moved to # /etc/default/locale, so read that as well. auth required pam_env.so envfile=/etc/default/locale # Standard Un*x authentication. @include common-auth # Disallow non-root logins when /etc/nologin exists. account required pam_nologin.so # Uncomment and edit /etc/security/access.conf if you need to set complex # access limits that are hard to express in sshd_config. # account required pam_access.so # Standard Un*x authorization. @include common-account # Standard Un*x session setup and teardown. @include common-session # Print the message of the day upon successful login. session optional pam_motd.so # [1] # Print the status of the user's mailbox upon successful login. session optional pam_mail.so standard noenv # [1] # Set up user limits from /etc/security/limits.conf. session required pam_limits.so # Set up SELinux capabilities (need modified pam) # session required pam_selinux.so multiple # Standard Un*x password updating. @include common-password

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• Puppet - Possible to use software design patterns in modules?

  - by Mike Purcell

  As I work with puppet, I find myself wanting to automate more complex setups, for example vhosts for X number of websites. As my puppet manifests get more complex I find it difficult to apply the DRY (don't repeat yourself) principle. Below is a simplified snippet of what I am after, but doesn't work because puppet throws various errors depending up whether I use classes or defines. I'd like to get some feed back from some seasoned puppetmasters on how they might approach this solution. # site.pp import 'nodes' # nodes.pp node nodes_dev { $service_env = 'dev' } node nodes_prod { $service_env = 'prod' } import 'nodes/dev' import 'nodes/prod' # nodes/dev.pp node 'service1.ownij.lan' inherits nodes_dev { httpd::vhost::package::site { 'foo': } httpd::vhost::package::site { 'bar': } } # modules/vhost/package.pp class httpd::vhost::package { class manage($port) { # More complex stuff goes here like ensuring that conf paths and uris exist # As well as log files, which is I why I want to do the work once and use many notify { $service_env: } notify { $port: } } define site { case $name { 'foo': { class 'httpd::vhost::package::manage': port => 20000 } } 'bar': { class 'httpd::vhost::package::manage': port => 20001 } } } } } That code snippet gives me a Duplicate declaration: Class[Httpd::Vhost::Package::Manage] error, and if I switch the manage class to a define, and attempt to access a global or pass in a variable common to both foo and bar, I get a Duplicate declaration: Notify[dev] error. Any suggestions how I can implement the DRY principle and still get puppet to work? -- UPDATE -- I'm still having a problem trying to ensure that some of my vhosts, which may share a parent directory, are setup correctly. Something like this: node 'service1.ownij.lan' inherits nodes_dev { httpd::vhost::package::site { 'foo_sitea': } httpd::vhost::package::site { 'foo_siteb': } httpd::vhost::package::site { 'bar': } } What I need to happen is that sitea and siteb have the same parent "foo" folder. The problem I am having is when I call a define to ensure the "foo" folder exists. Below is the site define as I have it, hopefully it will make sense what I am trying to accomplish. class httpd::vhost::package { File { owner => root, group => root, mode => 0660 } define site() { $app_parts = split($name, '[_]') $app_primary = $app_parts[0] if ($app_parts[1] == '') { $tpl_path_partial_app = "${app_primary}" $app_sub = '' } else { $tpl_path_partial_app = "${app_primary}/${app_parts[1]}" $app_sub = $app_parts[1] } include httpd::vhost::log::base httpd::vhost::log::app { $name: app_primary => $app_primary, app_sub => $app_sub } } } class httpd::vhost::log { class base { $paths = [ '/tmp', '/tmp/var', '/tmp/var/log', '/tmp/var/log/httpd', "/tmp/var/log/httpd/${service_env}" ] file { $paths: ensure => directory } } define app($app_primary, $app_sub) { $paths = [ "/tmp/var/log/httpd/${service_env}/${app_primary}", "/tmp/var/log/httpd/${service_env}/${app_primary}/${app_sub}" ] file { $paths: ensure => directory } } } The include httpd::vhost::log::base works fine, because it is "included", which means it is only implemented once, even though site is called multiple times. The error I am getting is: Duplicate declaration: File[/tmp/var/log/httpd/dev/foo]. I looked into using exec, but not sure this is the correct route, surely others have had to deal with this before and any insight is appreciated as I have been grappling with this for a few weeks. Thanks.

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• Why can't I use SSL certs imported via Server Admin in a custom Apache install?

  - by morgant

  I've got a couple of Mac OS X 10.6.8 Server web servers that run a custom AMP255 (Apache 2.x, MySQL 5.x, and PHP 5.x) stack installed using MacPorts. We've got a lot of Mac OS X Server servers and generally install SSL certs via Server Admin and they "just work" in the built-in services, however, these web servers have always had SSL certs installed in a non-standard location and used only for Apache. Long story short, we're trying to standardize this part of our administration and install certs via Server Admin, but have run into the following issue: when the certs are installed via Server Admin and referenced in our Apache conf files, Apache then prompts for a password upon trying to start. It does not seem to be any password we know, certainly not the admin or keychain passwords! We've added the _www user to the certusers (mainly just to ensure they have the proper access to the private key in /etc/certificates/). So, with the custom installed certs we have the following files (basically just pasted in from the company we purchase our certs from): -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 1395 Apr 10 11:22 *.domain.tld.ca -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 1656 Apr 10 11:21 *.domain.tld.cert -rw-r--r-- 1 root admin 1680 Apr 10 11:22 *.domain.tld.key And the following in the VirtualHost in /opt/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf: SSLCertificateFile /path/to/certs/*.domain.tld.cert SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/certs/*.domain.tld.key SSLCACertificateFile /path/to/certs/*.domain.tld.ca This setup functions normally. If we use the certs installed via Server Admin, which both Server Admin & Keychain Assistant show as valid, they're installed in /etc/certificates/ as follows: -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1655 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 4266 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.chain.pem -rw-r----- 1 root certusers 3406 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.concat.pem -rw-r----- 1 root certusers 1751 Apr 9 13:44 *.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem And if we replace the aforementioned lines in our httpd-ssl.conf with the following: SSLCertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.chain.pem This prompts for the unknown password. I have also tried httpd-ssl.conf configured as follows: SSLCertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.concat.pem And as: SSLCertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem SSLCACertificateFile /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.chain.pem We've verified that the certificate is configured to allow all applications access it (in Keychain Assistant). A diff of the /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem & *.domain.tld.key files shows the former is encrypted and the latter is not, so we're assuming that Server Admin/Keychain Assistant is encrypting them for some reason. I know I can create an unencrypted key file as follows: sudo openssl rsa -in /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.pem -out /etc/certificates/*.domain.tld.SOMELONGHASH.key.no_password.pem But, I can't do that without entering the password. I thought maybe I could export an unencrypted copy of the key from Keychain Admin, but I'm not seeing such an option (not to mention that the .pem options are greyed out in all export options). Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

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• How can Windows XP/7 users cleanly connect to Mac OS X Server 10.9.4 Mavericks with Active Directory integration?

  - by JakeGould

  I’m a Linux/Unix systems admin who also manages a Macintosh server infrastructure & there is a lone Mac Mini in the mix running 10.9.4 that I would like Windows XP & Windows 7 users to connect to with little or no hassle. The problem? Windows users can’t seem to even get to the point of a password prompt yet connect. Mind you this server replaced a Mac OS X 10.6.8 server that had issues, but never had issues with Windows users connected. The gist of this post is: The tons of different messages out there about Mac OS X 10.9.4 Samba support are mind-numbingly confusing. Can anyone share some solid specifics here? I’ve read pieces like this one here that suggest turning off file sharing & then adding a share with AFP/SMB enabled would work. But the suggestion seems to apply to 10.8. And from what I know a lot has changed in Samba support in 10.9 let alone the iterations to 10.9.4. Then I found this great tutorial here that explains things step-by-step. Which seems like it should work, but the problem is the example given applies to a local user created on the Mac when I would like users in an Active Directory group—which the Mac is bound to—access the Mac Mini shares. There are also tons of great tips here on MacWindows.com but nothing seems solid to the issue I am facing. So from what I am reading these are my options: Local User Versus Active Directory: Setup a common local user on the Mac OS X 10.9.4 server to be used for Samba sharing since Active Directory won’t work. Is this really the case? Because loss of AD integration is a major pain. Do Extended File Attributes Get Retained from Windows Users: If this were to work, how do extended attributes come into play? Loss of metadata & related info is not an option. How Fragile is Any of this to Updates: How does any of this shake out with Mac OS X updates as well as Windows updates? Installing Official, Open Source Samba: Would upgrading the Samba install on the server to the official open source Samba via a package like SMBUp or via the Hombrew method described here help or make the issue worse? I fully understand there have historically been issues in mixed environments, but nowadays Windows users connecting to a Mac seem to have a truly hellish road ahead of them. Unless I am missing something?

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• l2tp server always 'sent [CCP ResetReq id=0x3]' when got compressed data request

  - by wilbur

  I have built a xl2tpd/ipsec server on my ubuntu 12.04.3, and I managed to make a l2tp vpn connection to the xl2tpd server from my android phone. The xl2tpd log said xl2tpd[10828]: Enabling IPsec SAref processing for L2TP transport mode SAs xl2tpd[10828]: IPsec SAref does not work with L2TP kernel mode yet, enabling forceuserspace=yes xl2tpd[10828]: setsockopt recvref[22]: Protocol not available xl2tpd[10828]: This binary does not support kernel L2TP. xl2tpd[10828]: xl2tpd version xl2tpd-1.2.8 started on atime.me PID:10828 xl2tpd[10828]: Written by Mark Spencer, Copyright (C) 1998, Adtran, Inc. xl2tpd[10828]: Forked by Scott Balmos and David Stipp, (C) 2001 xl2tpd[10828]: Inherited by Jeff McAdams, (C) 2002 xl2tpd[10828]: Forked again by Xelerance (www.xelerance.com) (C) 2006 xl2tpd[10828]: Listening on IP address 0.0.0.0, port 1701 xl2tpd[10828]: control_finish: Peer requested tunnel 39154 twice, ignoring second one. xl2tpd[10828]: Connection established to 117.136.8.59, 43149. Local: 25339, Remote: 39154 (ref=0/0). LNS session is 'default' However I cannot access the web in my browser. The pppd log said rcvd [Compressed data] 00 1d 82 c4 7c 04 d8 09 ... sent [CCP ResetReq id=0x7] I have googled a lot and found that this was mostly caused by a mppe decompression error. I have disabled BSD-Compress compression with nobsdcomp in /etc/ppp/xl2tpd-options but it did not work. I used openswan-2.6.33 and xl2tpd-1.2.8 which were built from source. And my configurations: /etc/ipsec.conf version 2.0 config setup nat_traversal=yes virtual_private=%v4:10.0.0.0/8,%v4:192.168.0.0/16,%v4:172.16.0.0/12 oe=off protostack=netkey conn L2TP-PSK-NAT rightsubnet=vhost:%priv also=L2TP-PSK-noNAT conn L2TP-PSK-noNAT authby=secret pfs=no auto=add keyingtries=3 rekey=no ikelifetime=8h keylife=1h type=transport left=106.186.121.214 leftprotoport=17/1701 right=%any rightprotoport=17/%any /etc/xl2tpd/xl2tpd.conf [global] ipsec saref = yes [lns default] local ip = 10.10.11.1 ip range = 10.10.11.2-10.10.11.245 refuse chap = yes refuse pap = yes require authentication = yes ppp debug = yes pppoptfile = /etc/ppp/xl2tpd-options length bit = yes /etc/ppp/xl2tpd-options require-mschap-v2 ms-dns 8.8.8.8 ms-dns 8.8.4.4 asyncmap 0 auth crtscts lock hide-password modem name l2tpd proxyarp lcp-echo-interval 30 lcp-echo-failure 4 debug nobsdcomp Any suggestions? Thanks in advance.

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• Hyper-V Machine drifts time all over, even with NTP

  - by MichaelGG

  Resolved The problem was Hyper-V on that machine. I removed Hyper-V, installed VMware Server, ran the same VM. Time sync issues went away (< 100ms difference after a day). My setup is like this: HYV1 - HyperV machine (non domain) - sync irrelevant AD1 - VM AD server on HYV1, sync'd to time.nist.gov. HyperV time sync off. S1 - Physical machine, sync'd to domain. S2 - Physical machine running HyperV, sync'd to domain. V1 - Linux VM machine on S2, sync'd to AD1. No HyperV integration. AD1 and S1 have fine sync -- stripchart shows less than 100ms difference. S2 drifts like crazy. Here's a bit of the stripchart against AD1: 18:33:22 d:+00.0010138s o:+05.4101899s 18:33:24 d:+00.0010138s o:+05.4319765s 18:33:26 d:+00.0000000s o:+05.4788429s 18:33:28 d:+00.0000000s o:+05.6089942s 18:33:30 d:+00.0010138s o:+05.7240269s 18:33:32 d:+00.0000000s o:+06.0421911s 18:33:34 d:+00.0081104s o:+06.5613708s 18:33:37 d:+00.0000000s o:+06.9096594s 18:33:39 d:+00.0000000s o:+06.8867838s 18:33:41 d:+00.0010127s o:+06.8936401s In 20 seconds, it drifted over a second. If I manually reset it to within 1s, within a few minutes it'll be back drifting about 2 seconds. Overnight it went from ~2s to ~5s. The Linux VM inside S2 has perfect sync with AD1. Here's the config: C:\Users\mgg>w32tm /dumpreg /subkey:Parameters Value Name Value Type Value Data ------------------------------------------------------------ ServiceDll REG_EXPAND_SZ %systemroot%\system32\w32time.dll ServiceMain REG_SZ SvchostEntry_W32Time ServiceDllUnloadOnStop REG_DWORD 1 Type REG_SZ NT5DS NtpServer REG_SZ ad01.mydomain ad02.mydomain C:\Users\mgg>w32tm /dumpreg /subkey:Config Value Name Value Type Value Data ----------------------------------------------------------- FrequencyCorrectRate REG_DWORD 4 PollAdjustFactor REG_DWORD 5 LargePhaseOffset REG_DWORD 50000000 SpikeWatchPeriod REG_DWORD 900 LocalClockDispersion REG_DWORD 9 HoldPeriod REG_DWORD 5 PhaseCorrectRate REG_DWORD 1 UpdateInterval REG_DWORD 30000 EventLogFlags REG_DWORD 2 AnnounceFlags REG_DWORD 5 TimeJumpAuditOffset REG_DWORD 28800 MinPollInterval REG_DWORD 2 MaxPollInterval REG_DWORD 8 MaxNegPhaseCorrection REG_DWORD -1 MaxPosPhaseCorrection REG_DWORD -1 MaxAllowedPhaseOffset REG_DWORD 300 I looked at the event log, and apart from warnings about sync (after it gets way out of sync), there's no other warnings. How can I go about troubleshooting this? It's the only machine that is having this problem. All the other machines (physical and virtual) are doing fine. Edit: To clarify: The VM (AD1) has integration turned off and syncs to time.nist.gov. AD1 is fine. It's the physical machine S1 that can't sync to AD1 and drifts all over. All the other physical servers are able to sync to AD1 just fine. Update So, it appears to be an issue of running the VM. The clock slips slowly with the VM off. Turned on, it immediately starts losing seconds. I swt the VM to only use half the resources, and that seems to have slightly mitigated it, for now. Thanks!

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