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  • Interface vs Abstract Class (general OO)

    - by Kave
    Hi, I have had recently two telephone interviews where I've been asked about the differences between an Interface and an Abstract class. I have explained every aspect of them I could think of, but it seems they are waiting for me to mention something specific, and I dont know what it is. From my experience I think the following is true, if i am missing a major point please let me know: Interface: Every single Method declared in an Interface will have to be implemented in the subclass. Only Events, Delegates, Properties (C#) and Methods can exist in a Interface. A class can implement multiple Interfaces. Abstract Class Only Abstract methods have to be implemented by the subclass. An Abstract class can have normal methods with implementations. Abstract class can also have class variables beside Events, Delegates, Properties and Methods. A class can only implement one abstract class only due non-existence of Multi-inheritance in C#. 1) After all that the interviewer came up with the question What if you had an Abstract class with only abstract methods, how would that be different from an interface? I didnt know the answer but I think its the inheritance as mentioned above right? 2) An another interviewer asked me what if you had a Public variable inside the interface, how would that be different than in Abstract Class? I insisted you can't have a public variable inside an interface. I didn't know what he wanted to hear but he wasn't satisfied either. Many Thanks for clarification, Kave See Also: When to use an interface instead of an abstract class and vice versa Interfaces vs. Abstract Classes How do you decide between using an Abstract Class and an Interface?

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  • how to make grid column as drop down list for all rows using jquery

    - by kumar
    Hello friends.. colNames: ['A','B','C','D'], colModel: [ { name: 'A', index: 'A', width: 90 }, { name: 'B', index: 'B', width: 100 }, { name: 'C', index: 'C', width: 70 }, { name: 'D', index: 'D', edittype: 'select', width: 100, editoptions: { value: { 1: 'Yes', 2: 'No'}} } ], My concersn here is.. I am displying A B C D values from db2... for Last Column D I need to put defalut drop down list for all the rows. Thanks can any body help me out.. thanks

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  • Fatal error: Function name must be a string in.. PHP error

    - by Jonesy
    Hi I have a class called User and a method called insertUser(). function insertUser($first_name, $last_name, $user_name, $password, $email_address, $group_house_id) { $first_name = mysql_real_escape_string($first_name); $last_name = mysql_real_escape_string($last_name); $user_name = mysql_real_escape_string($user_name); $password = mysql_real_escape_string($password); $email_address = mysql_real_escape_string($email_address); $query = "INSERT INTO Users (FirstName,LastName,UserName,Password,EmailAddress, GroupHouseID) VALUES ('$first_name','$last_name','$user_name','$password','$email_address','$group_house_id')"; $mysql_query($query); } And I call it like this: $newUser = new User(); $newUser->insertUser($first_name, $last_name, $user_name, $email, $password, $group_house_id); When I run the code I get this error: Fatal error: Function name must be a string in /Library/WebServer/Documents/ORIOnline/includes/class_lib.php on line 33 Anyone know what I am doing wronly? Also, this is my first attempt at OO PHP. Cheers, Jonesy

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  • Table cell stretching

    - by Subrat
    I have two columns in my table with equal width(50%, 50%). I am showing search results URL in them. For big urls the columns are stretching and destroying the layout. Any suggestion to the problem? Thanks & Regards, Subrat.

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  • Class Methods Inheritence

    - by Roman A. Taycher
    I was told that static methods in java didn't have Inheritance but when I try the following test package test1; public class Main { /** * @param args the command line arguments */ public static void main(String[] args) { TB.ttt(); TB.ttt2(); } } package test1; public class TA { static public Boolean ttt() { System.out.println("TestInheritenceA"); return true; } static public String test ="ClassA"; } package test1; public class TB extends TA{ static public void ttt2(){ System.out.println(test); } } it printed : TestInheritenceA ClassA so do java static methods (and fields have) inheritance (if you try to call a class method does it go down the inheritance chai looking for class methods). Was this ever not the case,are there any inheritance OO languages that are messed up like that for class methods?

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  • Design Technique: How to design a complex system for processing orders, products and units.

    - by Shyam
    Hi, Programming is fun: I learned that by trying out simple challenges, reading up some books and following some tutorials. I am able to grasp the concepts of writing with OO (I do so in Ruby), and write a bit of code myself. What bugs me though is that I feel re-inventing the wheel: I haven't followed an education or found a book (a free one that is) that explains me the why's instead of the how's, and I've learned from the A-team that it is the plan that makes it come together. So, armed with my nuby Ruby skills, I decided I wanted to program a virtual store. I figured out the following: My virtual Store will have: Products and Services Inventories Orders and Shipping Customers Now this isn't complex at all. With the help of some cool tools (CMapTools), I drew out some concepts, but quickly enough (thanks to my inferior experience in designing), my design started to bite me. My very first product-line were virtual "laptops". So, I created a class (Ruby): class Product attr_accessor :name, :price def initialize(name, price) @name = name @price = price end end which can be instantiated by doing (IRb) x = Product.new("Banana Pro", 250) Since I want my virtual customers to be able to purchase more than one product, or various types, I figured out I needed some kind of "Order" mechanism. class Order def initialize(order_no) @order_no = order_no @line_items = [] end def add_product(myproduct) @line_items << myproduct end def show_order() puts @order_no @line_items.each do |x| puts x.name.to_s + "\t" + x.price.to_s end end end that can be instantiated by doing (IRb) z = Order.new(1234) z.add_product(x) z.show_order Splendid, I have now a very simple ordering system that allows me to add products to an order. But, here comes my real question. What if I have three models of my product (economy, business, showoff)? Or have my products be composed out of separate units (bigger screen, nicer keyboard, different OS)? Surely I could make them three separate products, or add complexity to my product class, but I am looking for are best practices to design a flexible product object that can be used in the real world, to facilitate a complex system. My apologies if my grammar and my spelling are with error, as english is not my first language and I took the time to check as far I could understand and translate properly! Thank you for your answers, comments and feedback!

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  • java question: Is it a method?

    - by Stefan
    Hello, I'm no Java guy, so I ask myself what this means: public Button(Light light) { this.light = light; } Is Button a method? I ask myself, because it takes an input parameter light. But if it was a method, why would it begin with a capital letter and has no return data type? Here comes the full example: public class Button { private Light light; public Button(Light light) { this.light = light; } public void press() { light.turnOn(); } } I know, this question is really trivial. However, I have nothing to do with Java and haven't found a description for the Button thing above. I'm just interested.

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  • UNIQUE CONSTRAINT on a column from foreign table in MSSQL2008

    - by bodziec
    Hi, I have two tables: create table [dbo].[Main] ( [ID] [int] identity(1,1) primary key not null, [Sign] [char](1) not null ) create table [dbo].[Names] ( [ID_Main][int] primary key not null, [Name][nvarchar](128) not null, constraint [FK_Main_Users] foreign key ([ID_Main]) references [dbo].[Main]([ID]), constraint [CK_Name] unique ([Name], [Sign]) ) The problem is with the second constraint CK_Name Is there a way to make a constraint target column from a foreign table?

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  • Cpp some basic problems

    - by DevAno1
    Hello. My task was as follows : Create class Person with char*name and int age. Implement contructor using dynamic allocation of memory for variables, destructor, function init and friend function show. Then transform this class to header and cpp file and implement in other program. Ok so I've almost finished my Person class, but I get error after destructor. First question is how to write this properly ? #include <iostream> using namespace std; class Person { char* name; int age; public: int * take_age(); Person(){ int size=0; cout << "Give length of char*" << endl; cin >> size; name = new char[size]; age = 0; } ~Person(){ cout << "Destroying resources" << endl; delete *[] name; delete * take_age(); } friend void(Person &p); int * Person::take_age(){ return age; } void init(char* n, int a) { name = n; age = a; } void show(Person &p){ cout << "Name: " << p.name << "," << "age: " << p.age << endl; } }; int main(void) { Person *p = new Person; p->init("Mary", 25); p.show(); system("PAUSE"); return 0; } And now with header/implementation part : - do I need to introduce constructor in header/implementation files ? If yes - how? - my show() function is a friendly function. Should I take it into account somehow ? I already failed to return this task on my exam, but still I'd like to know how to implement it.

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  • What is the best solution to do Reporting on Object data for .NET ?

    - by Peter Fox
    Hi, Our projects are using objects as the data source to reports. Our business layer is returning single objects or IEnumerable. Our reports (quite complex) need to display value-type properties of the object, and its related objects. Typical case would be, from a List, display a master report with category data, then a subreport with data for each Product inside each Category, then a subreport for each Part of each Product, and so on. Reporting from the database is not an option for us. We have tried so far - Reporting Services : works but have to mess around with the XML definition of the report to define the datasource classes, very hard to work with if you use an object datasource, architecturally not too clean - Telerik Reports : quite nice (esp., nice architecture) but seems to have problems with complex reports (master/sub), does not give great paging control, rumored to have performance/crash problems (immature product). Does anyone know a good reporting solution that can be integrated in an ASP.NET application and works well with objects as datasources ?

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  • Strange Values in SYS.DM_TRAN_LOCKS table RESOURCE_ASSOCIATED_ENTITY_ID column

    - by AJM
    I’ve been trying to understand some strange values in the RESOURCE_ASSOCIATED_ENTITY_ID column of SYS.DM_TRAN_LOCKS when RESOURCE_TYPE is “OBJECT”. Although these should be object Ids, I cannot determine what object they actually refer to. I’ve tried everything I can think of, including querying all system tables with columns of type INT and BIGINT to see if I can find the value. No luck. The funny values actually appear in SYS.DM_TRAN_LOCKS, SYS.SYSLOCKINFO and SP_LOCK.

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  • OO Objective-C design with XML parsing

    - by brainfsck
    Hi, I need to parse an XML record that represents a QuizQuestion. The "type" attribute tells the type of question. I then need to create an appropriate subclass of QuizQuestion based on the question type. The following code works ([auto]release statements omitted for clarity): QuizQuestion *question = [[QuizQuestion alloc] initWithXMLString:xml]; if( [ [question type] isEqualToString:@"multipleChoiceQuestion"] ) { [myQuestions addObject:[[MultipleChoiceQuizQuestion alloc] initWithXMLString:xml]; } //QuizQuestion.m -(id)initWithXMLString:(NSString*)xml { self.type = ...// parse "type" attribute from xml // parse the rest of the xml } //MultipleChoiceQuizQuestion.m -(id)initWithXMLString:(NSString*)xml { if( self= [super initWithXMLString:xml] ) { // multiple-choice stuff } } Of course, this means that the XML is parsed twice: once to find out the type of QuizQuestion, and once when the appropriate QuizQuestion is initialized. To prevent parsing the XML twice, I tried the following approach: // MultipleChoiceQuizQuestion.m -(id)initWithQuizRecord:(QuizQuestion*)record { self=record; // record has already parsed the "type" and other parameters // multiple-choice stuff } However, this fails due to the "self=record" assignment; whenever the MultipleChoiceQuizQuestion tries to call an instance-method, it tries to call the method on the QuizQuestion class instead. Can someone tell me the correct approach for parsing XML into the appropriate subclass when the parent class needs to be initialized to know which subclass is appropriate?

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  • What's the standard way to organize the contents of Java packages -- specifically the location of in

    - by RenderIn
    I suppose this could go for many OO languages. I'm building my domain objects and am not sure where the best place is for the interfaces & abstract classes. If I have a pets package with various implementations of the APet abstract class: should it live side-by-side with them or in the parent package? How about interfaces? It seems like they almost have to live above the implementations in the parent package, since there could potentially be other subpackages which implement it, while there seems to be a stronger correlation between one abstract class and a subpackage. e.g. com.foo com.foo.IConsumer (interface) com.foo.APet (abstract) com.foo.pets.Dog extends APet implements IConsumer OR com.foo com.foo.IConsumer (interface) com.foo.pets.APet (abstract) com.foo.pets.Dog extends APet implements IConsumer or something else?

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  • Using collections/containers/catalogs in Domain Models

    - by devoured elysium
    Let's say I want to model a cinema. The cinema will have a couple of rooms(for example, 7), where the movies are being played. I wonder how should I design the domain model for this scenario. Should the Cinema class concept concept have a direct association with the 7 rooms? Should the Cinema class concept have an association with a catalog of the 7 rooms? Why? I am having some trouble understanding why in some places I see the first case and in some others I see something like the second case. If instead of rooms, I wanted to depict the relationship between Cinema and: Tickets to sell (today). Tickets already sold (today) Customers in the Cinema database The set of hours at which there are movies playing in a given room in the cinema. The set of places you can sit at in a room in the cinema. Should I use catalogs, should I connect them directly to the Cinema concept with a multiplicity of * in the target? Thanks

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  • C# using the "this" keyword in this situation?

    - by Alex
    Hi, I've completed a OOP course assignment where I design and code a Complex Number class. For extra credit, I can do the following: Add two complex numbers. The function will take one complex number object as a parameter and return a complex number object. When adding two complex numbers, the real part of the calling object is added to the real part of the complex number object passed as a parameter, and the imaginary part of the calling object is added to the imaginary part of the complex number object passed as a parameter. Subtract two complex numbers. The function will take one complex number object as a parameter and return a complex number object. When subtracting two complex numbers, the real part of the complex number object passed as a parameter is subtracted from the real part of the calling object, and the imaginary part of the complex number object passed as a parameter is subtracted from the imaginary part of the calling object. I have coded this up, and I used the this keyword to denote the current instance of the class, the code for my add method is below, and my subtract method looks similar: public ComplexNumber Add(ComplexNumber c) { double realPartAdder = c.GetRealPart(); double complexPartAdder = c.GetComplexPart(); double realPartCaller = this.GetRealPart(); double complexPartCaller = this.GetComplexPart(); double finalRealPart = realPartCaller + realPartAdder; double finalComplexPart = complexPartCaller + complexPartAdder; ComplexNumber summedComplex = new ComplexNumber(finalRealPart, finalComplexPart); return summedComplex; } My question is: Did I do this correctly and with good style? (using the this keyword)?

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  • Simply doing modelType.ToString() isn't sufficient, How can i use it via Activator.CreateInstance?

    - by programmerist
    public class MyController { public object CreateByEnum(DataModelType modeltype) { string enumText = modeltype.ToString(); // will return for example "Company" Type classType = Type.GetType(enumText); // the Type for Company class object t = Activator.CreateInstance(classType); // create an instance of Company class return t; } } public class CompanyView { public static List<Personel> GetPersonel() { MyController controller = new MyController(); _Company company = controller.CreateByEnum(DataModelType.Company) as _Company; return company.GetPersonel(); } } public enum DataModelType { xyz, klm, tucyz, Company } Yes, I agree Activator.CreateInstance() is very useful. Unfortunately, I need to pass in the correct type. That means building the correct string to pass to Type.GetType(). If I trace through the call to Controller.CreatebyEnum() in the code I posted above, simply doing modelType.ToString() isn't sufficient, even for the case of DataModelType.Company. My solution'll be maintenance bottleneck. What would be better is something that takes the results of modelType.ToString() and then recursively searches through all the types found in all the assemblies loaded in the current AppDomain. According to MSDN, Type.GetType() only searches the current calling assembly, and mscorlib.dll. How can i do that? . i need best performance?

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  • What's an easy way to set up object communication in Obj-C?

    - by seaworthy
    I am trying to send a slider value from a controller object to a method of a model object. The later is implemented in the separate file and I have appropriate headers. I think the problem is that I am not sure how to instantiate the receiver in order to produce a working method for the controller. Here is the controller's method. -(IBAction)setValue:(id)slider {[Model setValue:[slider floatValue]];} @implementation Model -(void)setValue:(float)n{ printf("%f",n); } @end What I get is 'Model' may not respond to '+setValue' warning and no output in my console. Any insight is appreciated.

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  • How do I create efficient instance variable mutators in Matlab?

    - by Trent B
    Previously, I implemented mutators as follows, however it ran spectacularly slowly on a recursive OO algorithm I'm working on, and I suspected it may have been because I was duplicating objects on every function call... is this correct? %% Example Only obj2 = tripleAllPoints(obj1) obj.pts = obj.pts * 3; obj2 = obj1 end I then tried implementing mutators without using the output object... however, it appears that in MATLAB i can't do this - the changes won't "stick" because of a scope issue? %% Example Only tripleAllPoints(obj1) obj1.pts = obj1.pts * 3; end For application purposes, an extremely simplified version of my code (which uses OO and recursion) is below. classdef myslice properties pts % array of pts nROW % number of rows nDIM % number of dimensions subs % sub-slices end % end properties methods function calcSubs(obj) obj.subs = cell(1,obj.nROW); for i=1:obj.nROW obj.subs{i} = myslice; obj.subs{i}.pts = obj.pts(1:i,2:end); end end function vol = calcVol(obj) if obj.nROW == 1 obj.volume = prod(obj.pts); else obj.volume = 0; calcSubs(obj); for i=1:obj.nROW obj.volume = obj.volume + calcVol(obj.subs{i}); end end end end % end methods end % end classdef

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  • How do I improve this design for dealing with intersecting date ranges and resolving date range conf

    - by derdo
    I am working on some code that deals with date ranges. I have pricing activities that have a starting-date and an end-date to set a certain price for that range. There are multiple pricing activities with intersecting date ranges. What I ultimately need is the ability to query valid prices for a date range. I pass in (jan1,jan31) and I get back a list that says jan1--jan10 $4 , jan11--jan19 $3 jan20--jan31 $4. There are priorities between pricing activities. Some type of pricing activities have high priority, so they override other pricing activities and for certain type of pricing activities lowest price wins etc. I currently have a class that holds these pricing activities and keeps a resolved pricing calendar. As I add new pricing activities I update the resolved calendar. As I write more tests/code, it started to get very complicated with all the different cases (pricing activities intersecting in different ways). I am ending up with very complicated code where I am resolving a newly added pricing activity. See AddPricingActivity() method below. Can anybody think of a simpler way to deal with this? Could there be similar code somewhere out there? Public class PricingActivity() { DateTime startDate; DateTime endDate; Double price; Public bool StartsBeforeEndsAfter (PricingActivity pAct) { // pAct covers this pricing activity } Public bool StartsMiddleEndsAfter (PricingActivity pAct){ // early part of pAct Itersects with later part of this pricing activity } //more similar methods to cover all the combinations of intersecting } Public Class PricingActivityList() { List<PricingActivity> activities; SortedDictionary<Date, PricingActivity> resolvedPricingCalendar; Public void AddPricingActivity(PricingActivity pAct) { //update the resolvedCalendar //go over each activity and find intersecting ones //update the resolved calendar correctly //depending on the type of the intersection //this part is getting out of hand….. } }

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