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• Testing for disk write

  - by Montecristo

  I'm writing an application for storing lots of images (size <5MB) on an ext3 filesystem, this is what I have for now. After some searching here on serverfault I have decided for a structure of directories like this: 000/000/000000001.jpg ... 236/519/236519107.jpg This structure will allow me to save up to 1'000'000'000 images as I'll store a max of 1'000 images in each leaf. I've created it, from a theoretical point of view seems ok to me (though I've no experience on this), but I want to find out what will happen when there will be directories full of files in there. A question about creating this structure: is it better to create it all in one go (takes approx 50 minutes on my pc) or should I create directories as they are needed? From a developer point of view I think the first option is better (no extra waiting time for the user), but from a sysadmin point of view, is this ok? I've thought I could do as if the filesystem is already under the running application, I'll make a script that will save images as fast as it can, monitoring things as follows: how much time does it take for an image to be saved when there is no or little space used? how does this change when the space starts to be used up? how much time does it take for an image to be read from a random leaf? Does this change a lot when there are lots of files? Does launching this command sync; echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches has any sense at all? Is this the only thing I have to do to have a clean start if I want to start over again with my tests? Do you have any suggestions or corrections?

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• How should I configure my Active Directory servers so that if one goes down, users are not kicked off SQL?

  - by Matty Brown

  Today, we shut down one of our Active Directory servers during office hours to check the loading on a UPS. Since all the server did was provide Active Directory in a separate building incase the main building caught fire, or whatever, we didn't think it would have any effect on our users. Seconds after the server was shut down, we had a dozen phone calls from users experiencing this issue:- [Microsoft SQL Server Login] SQLState: '28000' [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Login failed. The login is from an untrusted domain and cannot be used with authentication. Once we realized what had happened, we quickly rebooted the down Active Directory server. Problem solved. But why did this happen. And what if one day a server has a breakdown and is offline for hours, or days? Shouldn't the other Active Directory servers in the domain service authentication requests without disruption to users? We have 3 Windows Server 2003 Standard servers running Active Directory as Domain Controllers with Global Catalogs, all physically located on the same network at Gigabit speeds. I believe the domain was originally Windows Server 2000, or maybe even NT 4.0. Could the issue be to down to old Group Policies inherited from these old server OS's, or some default setting in Active Directory that needs changing?

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• Good 1U Rack Firewall

  - by AX1

  Hello, I'm trying to find a good 1U rack firewall at a reasonable price. Most pricing is completely out of space (thousands of dollars? Why?). I don't want to list all features I need/want (there are too many variations but I don't care about most of them) - I'm just looking for something simple and not overly expensive. I've looked at the WatchGuard XTM 505 which is more reasonably priced -- are there any other firewalls in that range or even less expensive that are good for a small company?

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• Which is generally considered faster or best practice: symlinks or Apache aliases?

  - by Christopher W. Allen-Poole

  I'm curious as to what most people's views are on this subject. Personally, I will almost always prefer symlinks unless I have no other option -- I find that it is far more obvious when someone is navigating the file system, but, on the other hand aliasing is more platform independent. Windows XP, for example, doesn't have anything remotely comparable to symlinks (NTFS junctions are not interpreted correctly by at least some environments), which means that anything which relies on symlinks in a *nix based system cannot be transferred. (I know that Windows 64x OS's have symlinks, but I've not seen if they can be read correctly by the environments previously mentioned) In addition to this, I was also wondering which is considered faster. Is this even possible to know? Do you have a conjecture? I would imagine that since symlinks are generally more low-level than Apache it would make sense that they would be referenced faster, but, on the other hand, I would guess that Apache is required to do a lookup in either case so it would be disk read dependent.

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• NTFS Permission Structure to allow Traversal but no Modification except in Leaf Nodes?

  - by pepoluan

  Assume there's this folder structure: D:\ --+-- Acctg --+-- Payable | +-- Receivable | +-- Fin --+-- Inv | +-- Tax | +-- Treas | +-- Mrktg --+-- Ads +-- Promo Users are not allowed to change the structure, but they are free to create & delete files & folders in the leaf nodes (i.e., the rightmost folders). AGDLP principle said that I should assign permissions on the above folders to DL-Groups. Let's say I have a G-Group of users, G-Accounting-Payable, containing users that have access to the D:\Acctg\Payable folder. The way I see it, I have two strategies: - Strategy 1 Create three DL-Groups and assign them permissions: DL-D-Acctg_T -- allowed traversal of D:\Acctg folder DL-D-Acctg-Pay_LF -- allowed listing of D:\Acctg\Payable folder contents DL-D-Acctg-Pay__RW -- allowed full permissions to the contents of D:\Acctg\Payable folder Add G-Accounting-Payable as member to all the above DL-Groups - Strategy 2 Create just one DL-Group DL-D-Acctg-Pay__RW, and assign it the proper permissions for each level of the folder. Then, add G-Accounting-Payable as member to that DL-Group. - Which strategy is the Recommended Best Practice, and why?

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• where to put core services in two-node cluster

  - by Veniamin

  I'm currently configuring two-node HA cluster based on CentOS with DRBD. Most services are packed in virtual machines with migration available. I have not made decision where to put some core services as: dhcp, ldap, dns - which are critical for all network infrastructure. There are two possibilities: Configure them as redundant HA services on cluster hosts. Pack them all into dedicated virtual machine. What is the best practice?

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• raid 6 vs raid 10? which would you choose.

  - by dasko

  my choice would be raid 6 for a file server since you can lose two drives and it does not matter which set of two can die. from what i understand with raid 10 you can lose two drives but if they happen to be off the same raid 1 then you are a out of luck? any suggestions? basic file server with about 200gb of data and it would act as a single point of backup for other workstations and servers. thanks in advance.

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• Software RAID to hardware RAID, can it be done?

  - by gtaylor85

  Can it be done ... well. (For the record, I did not set this server up.) In my server there are 4 disks. 3 of them are in a software RAID5, and 1 has the OS installed. I want to buy a RAID controller, 4 new HDs and set up a hardware RAID5. If possible, I'd like to just image the current setup, and use it to build my new one. My questions are: Can I image a 3 disk RAID5 to 4 disk RAID5? Are there problems with this? What is considered best practice for your OS. To have it on a separate disk like it currently is, or to install it on the RAID5? Thank you. I can clarify anything. I'm not sure what other info might be pertinent.

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• Which iptables rule do you think is a 'must have'

  - by Saif Bechan

  I have some basic iptable rules set up now for my vps. Just block everything except some default ports, 80,21,22,443. I do get brute forced a lot. I have heard that iptables is very powerful but I have not seen many use cases. Can you give me an example of a(some) rule(s) you always use and give a small example why. I can not find a general best practice post here on SF, if there is any I would like the link. If this is a duplicate I am sorry and it can be closed.

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• Good quality voice communication software over Internet for windows

  - by ORA600

  I regularly attend over-the-phone meetings, where is a polycom/polispan device on the other side. The quality of the sound is bad, even those whose English is a first language sometimes are struggling to realize what is being said on the other side. I understand this is because of too aggressive audio compression in the line. Does anyone know any good audio chat software which does not over-compress audio stream. The IP channel between two offices is wide enough. In other words, you should be able to listen to a music (not only a speech) from the remote side with good quality. So, Skype is too over-compressing as well. Does anyone know anything like that?

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• How can I combine code from an old revision when I didn't branch in TortoiseMerge?

  - by gr33d

  I need to combine (merge?) some parts of an old revision with a newer revision of a file. I'm still pretty new to subversion, so I'm not sure what I'll bomb in the process. I did not branch--these are simply different revisions of a file. How do I send the sections of code from r1 to r3 where they are needed. The keyboard shortcuts and menu options for "theirs", "mine", "left block", "right block", etc aren't very intuitive. If I need 5 blocks from r1 to be after the first 10 blocks of r3, how do I do it? Shouldn't I be able to go through r1 block by block and decide if and where it belongs in r3? Thanks in advance!

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• Macbook Pro 15-inch replacement battery.

  - by ricbax

  So I've finally got to the 300+ cycles with my MBP 2008's original battery. Apple is pretty much "on the money" too! I am at 79% Health and getting the Condition: Replace Soon warning. So I went out to the closest Apple Store and bought a replacement. I would like to get the same lifespan out of my replacement if possible. My question is: The battery comes with a 2 dot (green) charge on the indicator, should I put the battery in and let it run down and do a full recharge OR begin charging it immediately and then let it run all the way to empty and recharge?

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• Good software to record desktop/screen operations [closed]

  - by juanmaflyer

  Possible Duplicate: What is the best software for desktop recording? Hi superuser's. I would like to record some tasks in a program (i want to make a video where i will be explaining how to use a particular program) and i haven't found a good software to do it yet... I have just tested camStudio but when i hit the Record Button the computer starts working very slowly (even when recording in a small area... so i wouldn't imagine how slow it will run if recording full screen). So i want you to recommend me some good software to record the screen on a fast way... Thanks a lot. Juan

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• Collect private information online and store on intranet?

  - by kylex

  I have to collect private info and store it. What I'd like to do is collect the info and have it get stored on an intranet server. Is this possible, and what is the safest way to do this?

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• Regarding AD Domain controllers and remote branch offices

  - by Alex

  We have central HQ building and a lot of small branch offices connecting via VPN and want to implement AD (If you can believe we still haven't). We want everyone to log in using domain accounts and be policed centrally. We are OK with having a RODC in a branch office with like 10 computers. But we have these small branches with two to four PCs only. Some of these branches connect to HQ via IPSec site-to-site VPN, some via remote access (client-based) VPN. So there is no problem with ones that have local RODC or connecting to HQ DCs via VPN router. But how about small branches? We don't really want to set up a machine there, neither we want to invest into Windows Server licenses or fancy network equipment. Also, the problem is that we cannot access HQ DCs via VPN because we are not logged in and connected to HQ internal network yet, so DCs aren't reachable. What is typically done in that situation if it is needed to have central management over policies on those PCs? Or is it better to let 'em loose and use local policies and accounts in this situation?

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• Separate tables or single table with queries?

  - by Joe

  I'm making an employee information database. I need to handle separated employees. Should I a. set up a query with a macro to send separated employees to a separate table, or b. just add a flag to the single table denoting separation? I understand that it's best practice to take choice b, and the one reason I can think of for this is that any structural changes I make to the table later will have to be done in both places. But it also seems like setting up a flag forces me to filter out that flag for basically every useful query I'm going to make in the future.

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• How do you gracefully upgrade mission critical systems to wildly disparate systems?

  - by Ernie

  In the span of the 12+ years of my career, I have yet to overcome this hurdle and I suspect the answer simply isn't easy or even possible, so I ask everyone here for their experience. Say that you're running into egregious problems that can only be fixed by moving from one platform to another - either from making a mistake in choosing the platform that was chosen years ago, or simply growing beyond what the system was originally designed for. You know for certain that the cruft that has built up over time will invariably mean that it will be nearly impossible to test for all the things that will certainly lead to tech support hell - which we all know leads to the loss of customers. Not that customers aren't already complaining about the egregious problems that already exist! The best possible way that I've discovered so far is to maybe devise a plan for the changeover, test it on a few clients, test it on a dozen clients, test it on a hundred clients, then finally finish the changeover for everyone and pray that you've worked out all the bugs with those first hundred and twenty, and that the animal by-products will not hit the ventilation system in the most spectacular fashion possible. However, that doesn't mean that it won't anyway. So say that you're moving from Exchange to Exim (or even just Sendmail to Exim). How do you handle it?

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• Do you work in your server room?

  - by Gary Richardson

  I once had a job offer from a company that wanted my workstation to be in the AC controlled, noisy server room with no natural light. I'm not sure what their motivation was. Possibly it made sense to them for me to be close to the servers, or possibly they wanted to save the desk space for other employees. I turned down the job (for many reasons, including the working environment). Is this a common practice? Do you work in your LAN room? How do you cope?

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• Can a Windows Domain play along with a Hosted Exchange service?

  - by benzado

  I'm setting up a computer network for a small (10-20 people) company. They are currently using a Hosted Exchange service they are totally happy with. Other than that, they are starting from scratch (office doesn't even have furniture yet). They will need some kind of file sharing server set up in their office. If I set up a machine as a file server and nothing more, users will have three passwords to deal with: local machine, file server, and email. If I set up a Domain Controller, identities for local machine and file server will be the same. But what about the Hosted Exchange server? Must the users have a separate email password, or is it possible to combine the two? (I realize it might depend on the specific hosting provider, but is it possible?) If not, it seems like I have these options: Deal with it: users have a separate email password. Host Exchange on the local server: more than they want to manage in-house? Purchase a hosted VPS, make it part of the domain, and host Exchange there. (Or can/should a VPS be a domain controller?) I realize I have a lot of questions in there. The main one: is there any reason to use a Hosted Exchange service if I'm setting up other Windows services?

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• What kind of eye wear can I use to protect my eyes from staring at a screen all day?

  - by dr dork

  Many of us stare at computer screens all day. Lately, my eyes have been irritated from prolonged staring at my computer screens. Does anyone use or know of any eye wear technology that helps with this? About five years back, I bought a pair of prescription-1 eye glasses that had a no-glare layer put on them. It slightly helped, so I'm considering getting another pair. Is this the best option I have at this point? Thanks so much in advance for your wisdom!

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• What kind of eye wear can I use to protect my eyes from being irritated from staring at a screen all

  - by dr dork

  Many of us stare at computer screens all day. Lately, my eyes have been irritated from prolonged staring at my computer screens. Does anyone use or know of any eye wear technology that helps with this? About five years back, I bought a pair of non-prescription eye glasses that had a no-glare layer put on them by an optometrist. It slightly helped, so I'm considering getting another pair. Is this the best option I have at this point? Thanks so much in advance for your wisdom!

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• Where to put my backup.sh?

  - by Temnovit

  I'm writing a shell script that will make backups of my system ( like this: https://help.ubuntu.com/8.04/serverguide/C/backup-shellscripts.html ). What is the best location in my system, to store this file? I know, I can put it anywhere, but what will be if it will be stored in a directory being backed up? What is the best practice here? I'm running an Ubuntu-server.

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• Evaluate a vendor laptop before deployment to user?

  - by NetWarrior

  I get numerous requests from executives and users for new smaller laptops for travel purposes. Most of my evaluation is based upon whether or not it can run certain applications. Mainly lotus notes, office, and video. Most of the laptops include windows 7 OS, and are fully loaded with ram, a high-end processor and a integrated graphics card. My boss whats me to document the usefulness of the laptop and performance. I'm just a little confused on how to setup a document that can be used by members of the IT department for future evaluations.

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• Best practice for ONLY allowing MySQL access to a server?

  - by Calvin Froedge

  Here's the use case: I have a SaaS system that was built (dev environment) on a single box. I've moved everything to a cloud environment running Ubuntu 10.10. One server runs the application, the other runs the database. The basic idea is that the server that runs the database should only be accessible by the application and the administrator's machine, who both have correct RSA keys. My question: Would it be better practice to use a firewall to block access to ALL ports except MySQL, or skip firewall / iptables and just disable all other services / ports completely? Furthermore, should I run MySQL on a non-standard port? This database will hold quite sensitive information and I want to make sure I'm doing everything possible to properly safeguard it. Thanks in advance. I've been reading here for a while but this is the first question that I've asked. I'll try to answer some as well = )

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• ESX guest machine floppy drives

  - by warren

  What purpose does having a virtual floppy drive on a guest in ESX serve? Is there a way to configure ESX by default to NOT include such a device? It's annoying to have to remove it by hand once a new VM is ready to be provisioned.

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