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• Mysql Performance Question - Essentially about normalizing efficiency

  - by freqmode

  Hi there. Just a quick question about database performance. I'll outline my site purpose below as background. I'm creating a dictionary site that saves the words users define to a database. What I'm wondering is whether or not to create a words table for each user or to keep one massive words table. This site will be used for entire schools so the single words table would be massive! The database structure is as follows: A user table with: User_ID PRIMARY KEY Username First Last Password Email Country Research Standings SendInfo Donated JoinedOn LastLogin Logins Correct Attempts Admin Active And one word table with: User_ID PRIMARY KEY Word Vocab Spell Defined DefinedAttempted Spelled SpelledAttempted Sentenced SentencedAttempted So what I'm asking is , performance-wise, should I create a new table for each user when they join the site - each user could have hundreds or thousands of words over time? Or is it better to have one massive table with thousands and thousands of records and filter by User_ID. I don't think I'll perform many table joins. My gut feeling is to create a new table for each user, but I thought I'd ask for expert advice! Thanks in advance.

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• Need help with many-to-many relationships....

  - by yuudachi

  I have a student and faculty table. The primary key for student is studendID (SID) and faculty's primary key is facultyID, naturally. Student has an advisor column and a requested advisor column, which are foreign key to faculty. That's simple enough, right? However, now I have to throw in dates. I want to be able to view who their advisor was for a certain quarter (such as 2009 Winter) and who they had requested. The result will be a table like this: Year | Term | SID | Current | Requested ------------------------------------------------ 2009 | Winter | 860123456 | 1 | NULL 2009 | Winter | 860445566 | 3 | NULL 2009 | Winter | 860369147 | 5 | 1 And then if I feel like it, I could also go ahead and view a different year and a different term. I am not sure how these new table(s) will look like. Will there be a year table with three columns that are Fall, Spring and Winter? And what will the Fall, Spring, Winter table have? I am new to the art of tables, so this is baffling me... Also, I feel I should clarify how the site works so far now. Admin can approve student requests, and what happens is that the student's current advisor gets overwritten with their request. However, I think I should not do that anymore, right?

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• How can I improve the performance of LinqToSql queries that use EntitySet properties?

  - by DanM

  I'm using LinqToSql to query a small, simple SQL Server CE database. I've noticed that any operations involving sub-properties are disappointingly slow. For example, if I have a Customer table that is referenced by an Order table, LinqToSql will automatically create an EntitySet<Order> property. This is a nice convenience, allowing me to do things like Customer.Order.Where(o => o.ProductName = "Stopwatch"), but for some reason, SQL Server CE hangs up pretty bad when I try to do stuff like this. One of my queries, which isn't really that complicated takes 3-4 seconds to complete. I can get the speed up to acceptable, even fast, if I just grab the two tables individually and convert them to List<Customer> and List<Order>, then join then manually with my own query, but this is throwing out a lot of what makes LinqToSql so appealing. So, I'm wondering if I can somehow get the whole database into RAM and just query that way, then occasionally save it. Is this possible? How? If not, is there anything else I can do to boost the performance besides resorting to doing all the joins manually? Note: My database in its initial state is about 250K and I don't expect it to grow to more than 1-2Mb. So, loading the data into RAM certainly wouldn't be a problem from a memory point of view. Update Here are the table definitions for the example I used in my question: create table Order ( Id int identity(1, 1) primary key, ProductName ntext null ) create table Customer ( Id int identity(1, 1) primary key, OrderId int null references Order (Id) )

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• mysql subquery strangely slow

  - by aviv

  I have a query to select from another sub-query select. While the two queries look almost the same the second query (in this sample) runs much slower: SELECT user.id ,user.first_name -- user.* FROM user WHERE user.id IN (SELECT ref_id FROM education WHERE ref_type='user' AND education.institute_id='58' AND education.institute_type='1' ); This query takes 1.2s Explain on this query results: id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY user index first_name 152 141192 Using where; Using index 2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY education index_subquery ref_type,ref_id,institute_id,institute_type,ref_type_2 ref_id 4 func 1 Using where The second query: SELECT -- user.id -- user.first_name user.* FROM user WHERE user.id IN (SELECT ref_id FROM education WHERE ref_type='user' AND education.institute_id='58' AND education.institute_type='1' ); Takes 45sec to run, with explain: id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra 1 PRIMARY user ALL 141192 Using where 2 DEPENDENT SUBQUERY education index_subquery ref_type,ref_id,institute_id,institute_type,ref_type_2 ref_id 4 func 1 Using where Why is it slower if i query only by index fields? Why both queries scans the full length of the user table? Any ideas how to improve? Thanks.

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• Fetch the most viewed data in databases

  - by Erik Edgren

  I want to get the most viewed photo from the database but I don't know how I shall accomplish this. Here's my SQL at the moment: SELECT * FROM photos AS p, viewers AS v WHERE p.id = v.id_photo GROUP BY v.id_photo The databases: CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `photos` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `photo_filename` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `photo_camera` varchar(150) NOT NULL, `photo_taken` datetime NOT NULL, `photo_resolution` varchar(10) NOT NULL, `photo_exposure` varchar(10) NOT NULL, `photo_iso` varchar(3) NOT NULL, `photo_fnumber` varchar(10) NOT NULL, `photo_focallength` varchar(10) NOT NULL, `post_coordinates` text NOT NULL, `post_description` text NOT NULL, `post_uploaded` datetime NOT NULL, `post_edited` datetime NOT NULL, `checkbox_approxcoor` enum('0','1') NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`) ) CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `viewers` ( `id` int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `id_photo` int(10) DEFAULT '0', `ipaddress` text NOT NULL, `date_viewed` datetime NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), UNIQUE KEY `id` (`id`) ) The data in viewers looks like this: (1, 85, '3892a0ab97d6ff325f285b27b847070f', '2012-06-21 22:49:25'), (2, 84, '3892a0ab97d6ff325f285b27b847070f', '2012-06-21 22:49:25'), (3, 85, '3892a0ab97d6ff325f285b27b847070f', '2012-06-21 22:49:25'); One single row from the database for photos to understand how the rows looks like in this database: (85, 'P1170986.JPG', 'Panasonic DMC-LX3', '2012-06-19 18:00:40', '3968x2232', '10/8000', '80', '50/10', '51/10', '', '', '2012-06-19 18:45:17', '0000-00-00 00:00:00', '0') At the moment the SQL only prints the photo with ID 84. In this case it's wrong - it should print out the photo with ID 85. How can I fix this problem? Thanks in advance.

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• How to figure out which record has been deleted in an effiecient way?

  - by janetsmith

  Hi, I am working on an in-house ETL solution, from db1 (Oracle) to db2 (Sybase). We needs to transfer data incrementally (Change Data Capture?) into db2. I have only read access to tables, so I can't create any table or trigger in Oracle db1. The challenge I am facing is, how to detect record deletion in Oracle? The solution which I can think of, is by using additional standalone/embedded db (e.g. derby, h2 etc). This db contains 2 tables, namely old_data, new_data. old_data contains primary key field from tahle of interest in Oracle. Every time ETL process runs, new_data table will be populated with primary key field from Oracle table. After that, I will run the following sql command to get the deleted rows: SELECT old_data.id FROM old_data WHERE old_data.id NOT IN (SELECT new_data.id FROM new_data) I think this will be a very expensive operation when the volume of data become very large. Do you have any better idea of doing this? Thanks.

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• MySQL Paritioning performance

  - by Imran Pathan

  Measured performance on key partitioned tables and normal tables separately. But we couldn't find any performance improvement with partitioning. Queries are pruned. Using MySQL 5.1.47 on RHEL 4. Table details: UserUsage - Will have entries for user mobile number and data usage for each date. Mobile number and Date as PRI KEY. UserProfile - Queries prev table and stores summary for each mobile number. Mobile number PRI KEY. CREATE TABLE `UserUsage` ( `Msisdn` decimal(20,0) NOT NULL, `Date` date NOT NULL, . . PRIMARY KEY USING BTREE (`Msisdn`,`Date`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 PARTITION BY KEY(Msisdn) PARTITIONS 50; CREATE TABLE `UserProfile` ( `Msisdn` decimal(20,0) NOT NULL, . . PRIMARY KEY (`Msisdn`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 PARTITION BY KEY(Msisdn) PARTITIONS 50; Second table is updated by query select and order by date in first table in a perl program, query is select * from UserUsage where Msisdn=number order by Date desc limit 7 [Process data in perl] update UserProfile values(....) where Msisdn=number explain partition for select, shows row being scanned in a particular partition only. Is something wrong with partition design or queries as partitioning is taking almost same or more time compared to normal tables?

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• How to bring a modal to the front of the page using bootstrap?

  - by sharataka

  I am trying to implement a modal using bootstrap. When I click on the button the screen fades and the modal appears, but it appears behind the images in and is unreadable for the user. How do I bring the modal forward? <div class ="container-fluid"> <div class = "row-fluid"> <div class = "span2"> <!-- Modal --> <div class="modal hide fade" id="myModal"> <div class="modal-header"> <a class="close" data-dismiss="modal">×</a> <h3>Modal header</h3> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>One fine body…</p> </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <a href="#" class="btn">Close</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</a> </div> </div> <a data-toggle="modal" href="#myModal" class="btn btn-primary">Launch demo modal</a> </div> <div class = "span8"> #a lot of images in this div </div> </div> </div>

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• MySQL query puzzle - finding what WOULD have been the most recent date

  - by Hank

  I've looked all over and haven't yet found an intelligent way to handle this, though I feel sure one is possible: One table of historical data has quarterly information: CREATE TABLE Quarterly ( unique_ID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, date_posted DATE NOT NULL, datasource TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, data FLOAT NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (unique_ID)); Another table of historical data (which is very large) contains daily information: CREATE TABLE Daily ( unique_ID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, date_posted DATE NOT NULL, datasource TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL, data FLOAT NOT NULL, qtr_ID INT UNSIGNED, PRIMARY KEY (unique_ID)); The qtr_ID field is not part of the feed of daily data that populated the database - instead, I need to retroactively populate the qtr_ID field in the Daily table with the Quarterly.unique_ID row ID, using what would have been the most recent quarterly data on that Daily.date_posted for that data source. For example, if the quarterly data is 101 2009-03-31 1 4.5 102 2009-06-30 1 4.4 103 2009-03-31 2 7.6 104 2009-06-30 2 7.7 105 2009-09-30 1 4.7 and the daily data is 1001 2009-07-14 1 3.5 ?? 1002 2009-07-15 1 3.4 && 1003 2009-07-14 2 2.3 ^^ then we would want the ?? qtr_ID field to be assigned '102' as the most recent quarter for that data source on that date, and && would also be '102', and ^^ would be '104'. The challenges include that both tables (particularly the daily table) are actually very large, they can't be normalized to get rid of the repetitive dates or otherwise optimized, and for certain daily entries there is no preceding quarterly entry. I have tried a variety of joins, using datediff (where the challenge is finding the minimum value of datediff greater than zero), and other attempts but nothing is working for me - usually my syntax is breaking somewhere. Any ideas welcome - I'll execute any basic ideas or concepts and report back.

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• Still Confused About Identifying vs. Non-Identifying Relationships

  - by Jason

  So, I've been reading up on identifying vs. non-identifying relationships in my database design, and a number of the answers on SO seem contradicting to me. Here are the two questions I am looking at: What's the Difference Between Identifying and Non-Identifying Relationships Trouble Deciding on Identifying or Non-Identifying Relationship Looking at the top answers from each question, I appear to get two different ideas of what an identifying relationship is. The first question's response says that an identifying relationship "describes a situation in which the existence of a row in the child table depends on a row in the parent table." An example of this that is given is, "An author can write many books (1-to-n relationship), but a book cannot exist without an author." That makes sense to me. However, when I read the response to question two, I get confused as it says, "if a child identifies its parent, it is an identifying relationship." The answer then goes on to give examples such as SSN (is identifying of a Person), but an address is not (because many people can live at an address). To me, this sounds more like a case of the decision between primary key and non-primary key. My own gut feeling (and additional research on other sites) points to the first question and its response being correct. However, I wanted to verify before I continued forward as I don't want to learn something wrong as I am working to understand database design. Thanks in advance.

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• Conditional insert as a single database transaction in HSQLDB 1.8?

  - by Kevin Pauli

  I'm using a particular database table like a "Set" data structure, i.e., you can attempt to insert the same row several times, but it will only contain one instance. The primary key is a natural key. For example, I want the following series of operations to work fine, and result in only one row for Oklahoma: insert into states_visited (state_name) values ('Oklahoma'); insert into states_visited (state_name) values ('Texas'); insert into states_visited (state_name) values ('Oklahoma'); I am of course getting an error due to the duplicate primary key on subsequent inserts of the same value. Is there a way to make the insert conditional, so that these errors are not thrown? I.e. only do the the insert if the natural key does not already exist? I know I could do a where clause and a subquery to test for the row's existence first, but it seems that would be expensive. That's 2 physical operations for one logical "conditional insert" operation. Anything like this in SQL? FYI I am using HSQLDB 1.8

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• Codeigniter/mySQL question. Checking if several inserts are possible before actual insertion.

  - by Ethan

  Hey SO, So I'm trying to perform a couple inserts at once that are kind of co-dependent on each other. Let's say I'm doing a dog rating website. Anyone can add a dog to my database, but in doing so they also need to add a preliminary rating of the dog. Other people can then rate the dog afterwards. The dogs to ratings is a many to one relationship: a dog has many ratings. This means for my preliminary add, since I have the person both rate and add the dog, I need to take the rating, and set a foreign key to the dog's primary key. As far as I know, this means I have to actually add the dog, then check what that new addition's primary key is, and then put that in my rating before insertion. Now suppose something were to go wrong with the rating's insert, be it a string that's too long, or something that I've overlooked somehow. If the rating's failed, the dog has already been inserted, but the rating has not. In this case, I'd like the dog to not have been added in the first place. Does this mean I have to write code that says "if the rating fails, do a remove for the dog," or is there a way to predict what the key will be for the dog should everything go as planned. Is there a way to say "hold that spot," and then if everything works, add it? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!!

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• how to Solve the "Digg" problem in MongoDB

  - by user193116

  A while back,a Digg developer had posted this blog ,"http://about.digg.com/blog/looking-future-cassandra", where the he described one of the issues that were not optimally solved in MySQL. This was cited as one of the reasons for their move to Cassandra. I have been playing with MongoDB and I would like to understand how to implement the MongoDB collections for this problem From the article, the schema for this information in MySQL : CREATE TABLE Diggs ( id INT(11), itemid INT(11), userid INT(11), digdate DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (id), KEY user (userid), KEY item (itemid) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; CREATE TABLE Friends ( id INT(10) AUTO_INCREMENT, userid INT(10), username VARCHAR(15), friendid INT(10), friendname VARCHAR(15), mutual TINYINT(1), date_created DATETIME, PRIMARY KEY (id), UNIQUE KEY Friend_unique (userid,friendid), KEY Friend_friend (friendid) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; This problem is ubiquitous in social networking scenario implementation. People befriend a lot of people and they in turn digg a lot of things. Quickly showing a user what his/her friends are up to is very critical. I understand that several blogs have since then provided a pure RDBMs solution with indexes for this issue; however I am curious as to how this could be solved in MongoDB.

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• JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT [..] substitute

  - by FRKT

  Hello, I'd like to find a substitute for using SELECT DISTINCT in a derived table. Let's say I have three tables: CREATE TABLE `trades` ( `tradeID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `employeeID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL, `corporationID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL, `profit` int(11) NOT NULL, KEY `tradeID` (`tradeID`), KEY `employeeID` (`employeeID`), KEY `corporationID` (`corporationID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 CREATE TABLE `corporations` ( `corporationID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`corporationID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 CREATE TABLE `employees` ( `employeeID` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`employeeID`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 Let's say I'd like to find out how much profit a specific employee has generated. Simple: SELECT SUM(profit) FROM trades JOIN employees ON trades.employeeID = employees.employeeID AND employees.employeeID = 1; It gets trickier if I'd like to query how much revenue a specific corporation has, however. I cannot simply replicate the aforementioned query, because two or more employees from the same company might be involved in the same trade. This query should do the trick: SELECT SUM(profit) FROM trades JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT tradeID FROM trades WHERE trades.corporationID = 1) ... unfortunately, DISTINCT JOINs seem crazy ineffective. Is there any alternative I can use to determine how much revenue a corporation has, taking into account that a corporation might be listed several times with the same tradeID?

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• Database cache that I'm not aware of?

  - by Martin

  I'm using asp.net mvc, linq2sql, iis7 and sqlserver express 2008. I get these intermittent server errors, primary key conflicts on insertion. I'm using a different setup on my development computer so I can't debug. After a while they go away. Restarting iis helps. I'm getting the feeling there is cache somewhere that I'm not aware of. Can somebody help me sort out these errors? Cannot insert duplicate key row in object 'dbo.EnquiryType' with unique index 'IX_EnquiryType'. Edits regarding Venemos answer Is it possible that another application is also accessing the same database simultaneously? Yes there is, but not this particular table and no inserts or updates. There is one other table with which I experience the same problem but it has to do with a different part of the model. How often an in what context do you create a new DataContext instance? Only once, using the singleton pattern. Are the primary keys generated by the database or by the application? Database. Which version of ASP.NET MVC and which version of .NET are you using? RC2 and 3.5.

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• Issue with creating index organized table

  - by mtim

  I'm having a weird problem with index organized table. I'm running Oracle 11g standard. i have a table src_table SQL> desc src_table; Name Null? Type --------------- -------- ---------------------------- ID NOT NULL NUMBER(16) HASH NOT NULL NUMBER(3) ........ SQL> select count(*) from src_table; COUNT(*) ---------- 21108244 now let's create another table and copy 2 columns from src_table set timing on SQL> create table dest_table(id number(16), hash number(20), type number(1)); Table created. Elapsed: 00:00:00.01 SQL> insert /*+ APPEND */ into dest_table (id,hash,type) select id, hash, 1 from src_table; 21108244 rows created. Elapsed: 00:00:15.25 SQL> ALTER TABLE dest_table ADD ( CONSTRAINT dest_table_pk PRIMARY KEY (HASH, id, TYPE)); Table altered. Elapsed: 00:01:17.35 It took Oracle < 2 min. now same exercise but with IOT table SQL> CREATE TABLE dest_table_iot ( id NUMBER(16) NOT NULL, hash NUMBER(20) NOT NULL, type NUMBER(1) NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT dest_table_iot_PK PRIMARY KEY (HASH, id, TYPE) ) ORGANIZATION INDEX; Table created. Elapsed: 00:00:00.03 SQL> INSERT /*+ APPEND */ INTO dest_table_iot (HASH,id,TYPE) SELECT HASH, id, 1 FROM src_table; "insert" into IOT takes 18 hours !!! I have tried it on 2 different instances of Oracle running on win and linux and got same results. What is going on here ? Why is it taking so long ?

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• Error No 150 mySQL

  - by buddhamagnet

  Hi all. This is making me sweat - I am getting error 150 when I try and create a table in mySQL. I've scoured the forums to no avail. The statement uses foreign key constraints - both tables are InnoDB, all relevant columns have the same data type and both tables have the same charset and collation. Here's the CREATE TABLE and the original CREATE TABLE statement for the table that's being referenced. Any ideas? New table: CREATE TABLE `approval` ( `rev_id` int(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL, `rev_page` int(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL, `user_id` int(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL, `date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, PRIMARY KEY (`rev_id`,`rev_page`,`user_id`), KEY `FK_approval_user` (`user_id`), CONSTRAINT `FK_approval_revision` FOREIGN KEY (`rev_id`, `rev_page`) REFERENCES `revision` (`rev_id`, `rev_page`), CONSTRAINT `FK_approval_user` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`user_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1; Referenced table: CREATE TABLE `revision` ( `rev_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment, `rev_page` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `rev_text_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL, `rev_comment` tinyblob NOT NULL, `rev_user` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `rev_user_text` varbinary(255) NOT NULL default '', `rev_timestamp` binary(14) NOT NULL default '\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0', `rev_minor_edit` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `rev_deleted` tinyint(3) unsigned NOT NULL default '0', `rev_len` int(10) unsigned default NULL, `rev_parent_id` int(10) unsigned default NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`rev_id`), UNIQUE KEY `rev_page_id` (`rev_page`,`rev_id`), KEY `rev_timestamp` (`rev_timestamp`), KEY `page_timestamp` (`rev_page`,`rev_timestamp`), KEY `user_timestamp` (`rev_user`,`rev_timestamp`), KEY `usertext_timestamp` (`rev_user_text`,`rev_timestamp`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=4904 DEFAULT CHARSET=binary MAX_ROWS=10000000 AVG_ROW_LENGTH=1024;

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• How Optimize sql query make it faster

  - by user502083

  Hello every one : I have a very simple small database, 2 of tables are: Node (Node_ID, Node_name, Node_Date) : Node_ID is primary key Citation (Origin_Id, Target_Id) : PRIMARY KEY (Origin_Id, Target_Id) each is FK in Node Now I write a query that first find all citations that their Origin_Id has a specific date and then I want to know what are the target dates of these records. I'm using sqlite in python the Node table has 3000 record and Citation has 9000 records, and my query is like this in a function: def cited_years_list(self, date): c=self.cur try: c.execute("""select n.Node_Date,count(*) from Node n INNER JOIN (select c.Origin_Id AS Origin_Id, c.Target_Id AS Target_Id, n.Node_Date AS Date from CITATION c INNER JOIN NODE n ON c.Origin_Id=n.Node_Id where CAST(n.Node_Date as INT)={0}) VW ON VW.Target_Id=n.Node_Id GROUP BY n.Node_Date;""".format(date)) cited_years=c.fetchall() self.conn.commit() print('Cited Years are : \n ',str(cited_years)) except Exception as e: print('Cited Years retrival failed ',e) return cited_years Then I call this function for some specific years, But it's crazy slowwwwwwwww :( (around 1 min for a specific year) Although my query works fine, it is slow. would you please give me a suggestion to make it faster? I'd appreciate any idea about optimizing this query :) I also should mention that I have indices on Origin_Id and Target_Id, so the inner join should be pretty fast, but it's not!!!

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• how can i set up a uniqueness constraint in mysql for columns that can be null?

  - by user299689

  I know that in MySQL, UNIQUE constraits don't treat NULL values as equal. So if I have a unique constraint on ColumnX, then two separate rows can have values of NULL for ColumnX and this wouldn't violate the constraint. How can I work around this? I can't just set the value to an arbitrary constant that I can flag, because ColumnX in my case is actually a foreign key to another table. What are my options here? Please note that this table also has an "id" column that is its primary key. Since I'm using Ruby on Rails, it's important to keep this id column as the primary key. Note 2: In reality, my unique key encompasses many columns, and some of them have to be null, because they are foreign keys, and only one of them should be non-null. What I'm actually trying to do is to "simulate" a polymorphic relationship in a way that keep referential integrity in the db, but using the technique outlined in the first part of the question asked here: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/922184/why-can-you-not-have-a-foreign-key-in-a-polymorphic-association

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• Importing Excel spreadsheet data into existing Access DB

  - by Keeb13r

  I've designed an Access 2003 DB with 3 tables: APPLICATIONS, SERVERS, and INSTALLATIONS. Records in the APPLICATIONS and SERVERS tables are uniquely identified by a synthetic primary key (in Access, an "auto number"). The INSTALLATIONS table is essentially a mapping table between APPLICATIONS and SERVERS: it's a list of records of which applications are installed on which servers. A record in the INSTALLATIONS table is also identified by a synthetic primary key, and it consists of an APPLICATION_ID and SERVER_ID for the records in their respective tables. I have an Excel 2003 spreadsheet I would like to import into this database, but it's proving difficult. The spreadsheet is made up of several tabs/worksheets, each one representing a server with its own listing of installed applications. I'm not sure how to proceed with an import - the "Get External Data -- Import" feature in Access has an import "In an Existing Table" option, but it's greyed out. I'm also unsure how I build the relationships between applications and servers for importing records into the INSTALLATIONS table. I had previously fooled around with adding some security to the Access DB file. I think I removed everything but perhaps I didn't and that's causing the problem? Some sample data from the Excel spreadsheet: SERVER101 * Adobe Reader 9 * BMC Remedy User 7.0 * HostExplorer 2008 * Microsoft Office 2003 * Microsoft Office 2007 * Notepad++ SERVER102 * Adobe Reader 9 * DameWare Mini Remote Control * Microsoft Office 2003 * Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 * Oracle 9.2 SERVER103 * AWDView * EXTRA! Personal Client 32-bit * Microsoft Office 2003 * Microsoft .NET Framework 3.5 SP1 * Snagit 9.1 * WinZip 12.1 The Access DB design is very simple: APPLICATION * APPLICATION_ID (autonumber) * APPLICATION_NAME (varchar) SERVER * SERVER_ID (autonumber) * SERVER_NAME (varchar) INSTALLATION * INSTALLATION_ID (autonumber) * APPLICATION_ID (number) * SERVER_ID (number)

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• Selectively search and replace certain lines using a regular expression

  - by eneveu

  I have a file containing a lot of SQL statements, such as: CREATE TABLE "USER" ( "ID" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, "NAME" CHARACTER VARYING(50) NOT NULL, "AGE" INTEGER NOT NULL ); COPY "USER" (id, name, age) FROM stdin; 1 Skywalker 19 2 Kenobi 57 I want the column names in the COPY statements to be uppercased and quoted: COPY "USER" ("ID", "NAME", "AGE") FROM stdin; Using sed, I found the following regexp: sed -r 's/([( ])(\w+)([,)])/\1"\U\2\E"\3/g' It does replace the column names, but it is not selective enough, and replaces other words in the file: ~/test]$sed -r 's/([( ])(\w+)([,)])/\1"\U\2\E"\3/g' star_wars_example CREATE TABLE "USER" ( "ID" INTEGER PRIMARY "KEY", "NAME" CHARACTER VARYING("50")NOT "NULL", "AGE" INTEGER NOT NULL ); COPY "USER" ("ID", "NAME", "AGE") FROM stdin; 1 Skywalker 19 2 Kenobi 57 To avoid this problem, I want sed to only apply my regexp to the lines starting with COPY and ending with FROM stdin;. I have looked into lookahead / lookbehind, but they are not supported in sed. They seem to be supported in super-sed, but I am currently using Cygwin (Windows is mandatory here...) and it does not seem available in the package list. Is there a way to force sed to only consider specific line? I've considered piping my file through grep before applying sed, but other lines will then disappear from the output. Am I missing something obvious? It would be great if the answer was easily applicable on a default Cygwin install. I guess I could try installing super-sed on cygwin, but I'd like to know if there are more obvious ideas

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• How to display multiple categories and products underneath each category?

  - by shin

  Generally there is a category menu and each link to a category page where shows all the items under that category. Now I need to show all the categories and products underneath with PHP/MySQL in the same page. So it will be like this. Category 1 description of category 1 item 1 item 2 .. Category 2 description of category 2 item 5 item 6 .. Category 3 description of category 3 item 8 item 9 ... ... I have category and product table in my database. But I am not sure how to proceed. CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `omc_product` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `shortdesc` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `longdesc` text NOT NULL, `thumbnail` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `image` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `product_order` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `class` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, `grouping` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL, `status` enum('active','inactive') NOT NULL, `category_id` int(11) NOT NULL, `featured` enum('none','front','webshop') NOT NULL, `other_feature` enum('none','most sold','new product') NOT NULL, `price` float(7,2) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ; CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `omc_category` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `shortdesc` varchar(255) NOT NULL, `longdesc` text NOT NULL, `status` enum('active','inactive') NOT NULL, `parentid` int(11) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=2 ; I will appreciate your help. Thanks in advance.

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• FluentNHibernate: Not.Nullable() doesn't affect output schema

  - by alex

  Hello I'm using fluent nhibernate v. 1.0.0.595. There is a class: public class Weight { public virtual int Id { get; set; } public virtual double Value { get; set; } } I want to map it on the following table: create table [Weight] ( WeightId INT IDENTITY NOT NULL, Weight DOUBLE not null, primary key (WeightId) ) Here is the map: public class WeightMap : ClassMap<Weight> { public WeightMap() { Table("[Weight]"); Id(x => x.Id, "WeightId"); Map(x => x.Value, "Weight").Not.Nullable(); } } The problem is that this mapping produces table with nullable Weight column: Weight DOUBLE null Not-nullable column is generated only with default convention for column name (i.e. Map(x = x.Value).Not.Nullable() instead of Map(x = x.Value, "Weight").Not.Nullable()), but in this case there will be Value column instead of Weight: create table [Weight] ( WeightId INT IDENTITY NOT NULL, Value DOUBLE not null, primary key (WeightId) ) I found similiar problem here: http://code.google.com/p/fluent-nhibernate/issues/detail?id=121, but seems like mentioned workaround with SetAttributeOnColumnElement("not-null", "true") is outdated. Does anybody encountered with this problem? Is there a way to specify named column as not-nullable?

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• application specific seed data population

  - by user339108

  Env: JBoss, (h2, MySQl, postgres), JPA, Hibernate 3.3.x @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy = IDENTITY) private Integer key; Currently our primary keys are created using the above annotation. We expect to support a large number of users (~million users), what key should be used. Should it be Integer or Long or should I use the unsigned versions of the above declarations. We have a j2ee application which needs to be populated with some seed data on installation. On purchase, the customer creates his own data on top of the application. We just want to make sure that there is enough room to ship, modify or add data for future releases. What would be the best mechanism to support this, we had looked at starting all table identifiers from a certain id (say 1000) but this mandates modifying primary key generation to have table or sequence based generators and we have around ~100 tables. We are not sure if this is the right strategy for this. If we use a signed integer approach for the key, would it make sense to have the seed data as everything starting from 0 and below (i.e -ve numbers), so that all customer specific data will be available on 0 and above (i.e. +ve numbers)

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• Loop to check all 14 days in the pay period

  - by Rachel Ann Arndt

  Name: Calc_Anniversary Input: Pay_Date, Hire_Date, Termination_Date Output: "Y" if is the anniversary of the employee's Hire_Date, "N" if it is not, and "T" if he has been terminated before his anniversary. Description: Create local variables to hold the month and day of the employee's Date_of_Hire, Termination_Date, and of the processing date using the TO_CHAR function. First check to see if he was terminated before his anniversary. The anniversary could be on any day during the pay period, so there will be a loop to check all 14 days in the pay period to see if one was his anniversary. CREATE OR replace FUNCTION Calc_anniversary( incoming_anniversary_date IN VARCHAR2) RETURN BOOLEAN IS hiredate VARCHAR2(20); terminationdate VARCHAR(20); employeeid VARCHAR2(38); paydate NUMBER := 0; BEGIN SELECT Count(arndt_raw_time_sheet_data.pay_date) INTO paydate FROM arndt_raw_time_sheet_data WHERE paydate = incoming_anniversary_date; WHILE paydate <= 14 LOOP SELECT To_char(employee_id, '999'), To_char(hire_date, 'DD-MON'), To_char(termination_date, 'DD-MON') INTO employeeid, hiredate, terminationdate FROM employees, time_sheet WHERE employees.employee_id = time_sheet.employee_id AND paydate = pay_date; IF terminationdate > hiredate THEN RETURN 'T'; ELSE IF To_char(SYSDATE, 'DD-MON') = To_char(hiredate, 'DD-MON')THEN RETURN 'Y'; ELSE RETURN 'N'; END IF; END IF; paydate := paydate + 1; END LOOP; END; Tables I am using CREATE TABLE Employees ( EMPLOYEE_ID INTEGER, FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(15), LAST_NAME VARCHAR2(25), ADDRESS_LINE_ONE VARCHAR2(35), ADDRESS_LINE_TWO VARCHAR2(35), CITY VARCHAR2(28), STATE CHAR(2), ZIP_CODE CHAR(10), COUNTY VARCHAR2(10), EMAIL VARCHAR2(16), PHONE_NUMBER VARCHAR2(12), SOCIAL_SECURITY_NUMBER VARCHAR2(11), HIRE_DATE DATE, TERMINATION_DATE DATE, DATE_OF_BIRTH DATE, SPOUSE_ID INTEGER, MARITAL_STATUS CHAR(1), ALLOWANCES INTEGER, PERSONAL_TIME_OFF FLOAT, CONSTRAINT pk_employee_id PRIMARY KEY (EMPLOYEE_ID), CONSTRAINT fk_spouse_id FOREIGN KEY (SPOUSE_ID) REFERENCES EMPLOYEES (EMPLOYEE_ID)) / CREATE TABLE Arndt_Raw_Time_Sheet_data ( EMPLOYEE_ID INTEGER, PAY_DATE DATE, HOURS_WORKED FLOAT, SALES_AMOUNT FLOAT, CONSTRAINT pk_employee_id_pay_date_time PRIMARY KEY (EMPLOYEE_ID, PAY_DATE), CONSTRAINT fk_employee_id_time FOREIGN KEY (EMPLOYEE_ID) REFERENCES EMPLOYEES (EMployee_ID)); error FUNCTION Calc_Anniversary compiled Warning: execution completed with warning

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