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  • L'usage des classes en PHP est-il abusif ? Un développeur allemand pense que oui

    Les développeurs PHP sont-ils fonctionophobiques ? C'est en tout cas ce que pense un jeune développeur allemand. Sur sa page GitHub, nikic déplore la surdominance de l'OOP sur la programmation procédurale et dénonce la pratique selon lui trop répandue de programmation orientée classes. D'après lui, cette réticence à utiliser des fonctions viendrait principalement du chargement automatique des classes, une fonctionnalité aujourd'hui largement répandue qui permet le chargement automatique de classes à la demande, ce qui est nativement impossible avec les fonctions. Les développeurs PHP seraient donc tentés d'exprimer leurs besoin au travers de méthodes, ce qui conduit à une ap...

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  • C#/.NET Little Wonders: The Joy of Anonymous Types

    - by James Michael Hare
    Once again, in this series of posts I look at the parts of the .NET Framework that may seem trivial, but can help improve your code by making it easier to write and maintain. The index of all my past little wonders posts can be found here. In the .NET 3 Framework, Microsoft introduced the concept of anonymous types, which provide a way to create a quick, compiler-generated types at the point of instantiation.  These may seem trivial, but are very handy for concisely creating lightweight, strongly-typed objects containing only read-only properties that can be used within a given scope. Creating an Anonymous Type In short, an anonymous type is a reference type that derives directly from object and is defined by its set of properties base on their names, number, types, and order given at initialization.  In addition to just holding these properties, it is also given appropriate overridden implementations for Equals() and GetHashCode() that take into account all of the properties to correctly perform property comparisons and hashing.  Also overridden is an implementation of ToString() which makes it easy to display the contents of an anonymous type instance in a fairly concise manner. To construct an anonymous type instance, you use basically the same initialization syntax as with a regular type.  So, for example, if we wanted to create an anonymous type to represent a particular point, we could do this: 1: var point = new { X = 13, Y = 7 }; Note the similarity between anonymous type initialization and regular initialization.  The main difference is that the compiler generates the type name and the properties (as readonly) based on the names and order provided, and inferring their types from the expressions they are assigned to. It is key to remember that all of those factors (number, names, types, order of properties) determine the anonymous type.  This is important, because while these two instances share the same anonymous type: 1: // same names, types, and order 2: var point1 = new { X = 13, Y = 7 }; 3: var point2 = new { X = 5, Y = 0 }; These similar ones do not: 1: var point3 = new { Y = 3, X = 5 }; // different order 2: var point4 = new { X = 3, Y = 5.0 }; // different type for Y 3: var point5 = new {MyX = 3, MyY = 5 }; // different names 4: var point6 = new { X = 1, Y = 2, Z = 3 }; // different count Limitations on Property Initialization Expressions The expression for a property in an anonymous type initialization cannot be null (though it can evaluate to null) or an anonymous function.  For example, the following are illegal: 1: // Null can't be used directly. Null reference of what type? 2: var cantUseNull = new { Value = null }; 3:  4: // Anonymous methods cannot be used. 5: var cantUseAnonymousFxn = new { Value = () => Console.WriteLine(“Can’t.”) }; Note that the restriction on null is just that you can’t use it directly as the expression, because otherwise how would it be able to determine the type?  You can, however, use it indirectly assigning a null expression such as a typed variable with the value null, or by casting null to a specific type: 1: string str = null; 2: var fineIndirectly = new { Value = str }; 3: var fineCast = new { Value = (string)null }; All of the examples above name the properties explicitly, but you can also implicitly name properties if they are being set from a property, field, or variable.  In these cases, when a field, property, or variable is used alone, and you don’t specify a property name assigned to it, the new property will have the same name.  For example: 1: int variable = 42; 2:  3: // creates two properties named varriable and Now 4: var implicitProperties = new { variable, DateTime.Now }; Is the same type as: 1: var explicitProperties = new { variable = variable, Now = DateTime.Now }; But this only works if you are using an existing field, variable, or property directly as the expression.  If you use a more complex expression then the name cannot be inferred: 1: // can't infer the name variable from variable * 2, must name explicitly 2: var wontWork = new { variable * 2, DateTime.Now }; In the example above, since we typed variable * 2, it is no longer just a variable and thus we would have to assign the property a name explicitly. ToString() on Anonymous Types One of the more trivial overrides that an anonymous type provides you is a ToString() method that prints the value of the anonymous type instance in much the same format as it was initialized (except actual values instead of expressions as appropriate of course). For example, if you had: 1: var point = new { X = 13, Y = 42 }; And then print it out: 1: Console.WriteLine(point.ToString()); You will get: 1: { X = 13, Y = 42 } While this isn’t necessarily the most stunning feature of anonymous types, it can be handy for debugging or logging values in a fairly easy to read format. Comparing Anonymous Type Instances Because anonymous types automatically create appropriate overrides of Equals() and GetHashCode() based on the underlying properties, we can reliably compare two instances or get hash codes.  For example, if we had the following 3 points: 1: var point1 = new { X = 1, Y = 2 }; 2: var point2 = new { X = 1, Y = 2 }; 3: var point3 = new { Y = 2, X = 1 }; If we compare point1 and point2 we’ll see that Equals() returns true because they overridden version of Equals() sees that the types are the same (same number, names, types, and order of properties) and that the values are the same.   In addition, because all equal objects should have the same hash code, we’ll see that the hash codes evaluate to the same as well: 1: // true, same type, same values 2: Console.WriteLine(point1.Equals(point2)); 3:  4: // true, equal anonymous type instances always have same hash code 5: Console.WriteLine(point1.GetHashCode() == point2.GetHashCode()); However, if we compare point2 and point3 we get false.  Even though the names, types, and values of the properties are the same, the order is not, thus they are two different types and cannot be compared (and thus return false).  And, since they are not equal objects (even though they have the same value) there is a good chance their hash codes are different as well (though not guaranteed): 1: // false, different types 2: Console.WriteLine(point2.Equals(point3)); 3:  4: // quite possibly false (was false on my machine) 5: Console.WriteLine(point2.GetHashCode() == point3.GetHashCode()); Using Anonymous Types Now that we’ve created instances of anonymous types, let’s actually use them.  The property names (whether implicit or explicit) are used to access the individual properties of the anonymous type.  The main thing, once again, to keep in mind is that the properties are readonly, so you cannot assign the properties a new value (note: this does not mean that instances referred to by a property are immutable – for more information check out C#/.NET Fundamentals: Returning Data Immutably in a Mutable World). Thus, if we have the following anonymous type instance: 1: var point = new { X = 13, Y = 42 }; We can get the properties as you’d expect: 1: Console.WriteLine(“The point is: ({0},{1})”, point.X, point.Y); But we cannot alter the property values: 1: // compiler error, properties are readonly 2: point.X = 99; Further, since the anonymous type name is only known by the compiler, there is no easy way to pass anonymous type instances outside of a given scope.  The only real choices are to pass them as object or dynamic.  But really that is not the intention of using anonymous types.  If you find yourself needing to pass an anonymous type outside of a given scope, you should really consider making a POCO (Plain Old CLR Type – i.e. a class that contains just properties to hold data with little/no business logic) instead. Given that, why use them at all?  Couldn’t you always just create a POCO to represent every anonymous type you needed?  Sure you could, but then you might litter your solution with many small POCO classes that have very localized uses. It turns out this is the key to when to use anonymous types to your advantage: when you just need a lightweight type in a local context to store intermediate results, consider an anonymous type – but when that result is more long-lived and used outside of the current scope, consider a POCO instead. So what do we mean by intermediate results in a local context?  Well, a classic example would be filtering down results from a LINQ expression.  For example, let’s say we had a List<Transaction>, where Transaction is defined something like: 1: public class Transaction 2: { 3: public string UserId { get; set; } 4: public DateTime At { get; set; } 5: public decimal Amount { get; set; } 6: // … 7: } And let’s say we had this data in our List<Transaction>: 1: var transactions = new List<Transaction> 2: { 3: new Transaction { UserId = "Jim", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = 2200.00m }, 4: new Transaction { UserId = "Jim", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = -1100.00m }, 5: new Transaction { UserId = "Jim", At = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-1), Amount = 900.00m }, 6: new Transaction { UserId = "John", At = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-2), Amount = 300.00m }, 7: new Transaction { UserId = "John", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = -10.00m }, 8: new Transaction { UserId = "Jane", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = 200.00m }, 9: new Transaction { UserId = "Jane", At = DateTime.Now, Amount = -50.00m }, 10: new Transaction { UserId = "Jaime", At = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-3), Amount = -100.00m }, 11: new Transaction { UserId = "Jaime", At = DateTime.Now.AddDays(-3), Amount = 300.00m }, 12: }; So let’s say we wanted to get the transactions for each day for each user.  That is, for each day we’d want to see the transactions each user performed.  We could do this very simply with a nice LINQ expression, without the need of creating any POCOs: 1: // group the transactions based on an anonymous type with properties UserId and Date: 2: byUserAndDay = transactions 3: .GroupBy(tx => new { tx.UserId, tx.At.Date }) 4: .OrderBy(grp => grp.Key.Date) 5: .ThenBy(grp => grp.Key.UserId); Now, those of you who have attempted to use custom classes as a grouping type before (such as GroupBy(), Distinct(), etc.) may have discovered the hard way that LINQ gets a lot of its speed by utilizing not on Equals(), but also GetHashCode() on the type you are grouping by.  Thus, when you use custom types for these purposes, you generally end up having to write custom Equals() and GetHashCode() implementations or you won’t get the results you were expecting (the default implementations of Equals() and GetHashCode() are reference equality and reference identity based respectively). As we said before, it turns out that anonymous types already do these critical overrides for you.  This makes them even more convenient to use!  Instead of creating a small POCO to handle this grouping, and then having to implement a custom Equals() and GetHashCode() every time, we can just take advantage of the fact that anonymous types automatically override these methods with appropriate implementations that take into account the values of all of the properties. Now, we can look at our results: 1: foreach (var group in byUserAndDay) 2: { 3: // the group’s Key is an instance of our anonymous type 4: Console.WriteLine("{0} on {1:MM/dd/yyyy} did:", group.Key.UserId, group.Key.Date); 5:  6: // each grouping contains a sequence of the items. 7: foreach (var tx in group) 8: { 9: Console.WriteLine("\t{0}", tx.Amount); 10: } 11: } And see: 1: Jaime on 06/18/2012 did: 2: -100.00 3: 300.00 4:  5: John on 06/19/2012 did: 6: 300.00 7:  8: Jim on 06/20/2012 did: 9: 900.00 10:  11: Jane on 06/21/2012 did: 12: 200.00 13: -50.00 14:  15: Jim on 06/21/2012 did: 16: 2200.00 17: -1100.00 18:  19: John on 06/21/2012 did: 20: -10.00 Again, sure we could have just built a POCO to do this, given it an appropriate Equals() and GetHashCode() method, but that would have bloated our code with so many extra lines and been more difficult to maintain if the properties change.  Summary Anonymous types are one of those Little Wonders of the .NET language that are perfect at exactly that time when you need a temporary type to hold a set of properties together for an intermediate result.  While they are not very useful beyond the scope in which they are defined, they are excellent in LINQ expressions as a way to create and us intermediary values for further expressions and analysis. Anonymous types are defined by the compiler based on the number, type, names, and order of properties created, and they automatically implement appropriate Equals() and GetHashCode() overrides (as well as ToString()) which makes them ideal for LINQ expressions where you need to create a set of properties to group, evaluate, etc. Technorati Tags: C#,CSharp,.NET,Little Wonders,Anonymous Types,LINQ

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  • Multiple Exception Handlers for one exception type

    - by danish
    I am using Enterprose Library 4.1. I have created a custom exception handler called CustomHandler. This is how the configuration section would look like: <exceptionHandling> <exceptionPolicies> <add name="Exception Policy"> <exceptionTypes> <add type="System.Exception, mscorlib, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" postHandlingAction="NotifyRethrow" name="Exception"> <exceptionHandlers> <add type="WindowsFormsApplication1.CustomHandler, WindowsFormsApplication1" name="Custom Handler" /> <add exceptionMessage="Some test mesage." exceptionMessageResourceName="" exceptionMessageResourceType="" replaceExceptionType="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ExceptionHandlingException, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling" type="Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling.ReplaceHandler, Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.ExceptionHandling" name="Replace Handler" /> </exceptionHandlers> </add> </exceptionTypes> </add> </exceptionPolicies> </exceptionHandling> There are two handlers for same exception type. What I want is that based on a certain condition one of the handlers should handle the exception. Any ideas how that can be done? Is there a way to call the other handler from inside the HandleException method of the custom handler based on some condition?

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  • nHibernate, Automapping and Chained Abstract Classes

    - by Mr Snuffle
    I'm having some trouble using nHibernate, automapping and a class structure using multiple chains of abstract classes It's something akin to this public abstract class AbstractClassA {} public abstract class AbstractClassB : AbstractClassA {} public class ClassA : AbstractClassB {} When I attempt to build these mappings, I receive the following error "FluentNHibernate.Cfg.FluentConfigurationException was unhandled Message: An invalid or incomplete configuration was used while creating a SessionFactory. Check PotentialReasons collection, and InnerException for more detail. Database was not configured through Database method." However, if I remove the abstract keyword from AbstractClassB, everything works fine. The problem only occurs when I have more than one abstract class in the class hierarchy. I've manually configured the automapping to include both AbstractClassA and AbstractClassB using the following binding class public class BindItemBases : IManualBinding { public void Bind(FluentNHibernate.Automapping.AutoPersistenceModel model) { model.IncludeBase<AbstractClassA>(); model.IncludeBase<AbstractClassB>(); } } I've had to do a bit of hackery to get around this, but there must be a better way to get this working. Surely nHibernate supports something like this, I just haven't figured out how to configure it right. Cheers, James

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  • Javadoc through Ant task with {@inheritDoc} from J2SE classes

    - by miorel
    I generate documentation for a project using an Ant task. In several places, I wanted to inherit documentation from the standard classes, so I used {@inheritDoc} which allowed me to see the Javadoc in Eclipse, but it wouldn't show up in the HTML files. The problem was that I hadn't included the unzipped src.zip (J2SE source) in the sourcepath. Having fixed that, I now get several hundred warnings about the use of Sun proprietary API in files like lib/jdk-src/java/lang/Class.java. Is there any way to suppress these warnings? It's hard to find relevant problems in this mess. A possible solution I thought of was to run the Javadoc task once without including the J2SE source in the sourcepath, which will reveal any real issues. Then I can run Javadoc a second time with the J2SE source included, discarding the output altogether, which will produce documentation with properly-working {@inheritDoc}s. I'm not entirely sure about the best way to accomplish this in Ant, not to mention that running Javadoc twice would be a dirty fix. Any suggestions?

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  • Problem with serialization of svcutil synthetized classes

    - by user295502
    I used svcutil to generate classes to access the web service. I need to serialize them. The class is quite simple, here is how it looks [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()] [System.CodeDom.Compiler.GeneratedCodeAttribute("System.Runtime.Serialization", "3.0.0.0")] [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataContractAttribute(Name="cosemAttributeDescriptor", Namespace="http://www.energiened.nl/Content/Publications/dsmr/P32")] public partial class cosemAttributeDescriptor : object, System.Runtime.Serialization.IExtensibleDataObject { private System.Runtime.Serialization.ExtensionDataObject extensionDataField; private ushort ClassIdField; private string InstanceIdField; private sbyte AttributeIdField; public System.Runtime.Serialization.ExtensionDataObject ExtensionData { get { return this.extensionDataField; } set { this.extensionDataField = value; } } [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataMemberAttribute(IsRequired=true)] public ushort ClassId { get { return this.ClassIdField; } set { this.ClassIdField = value; } } [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataMemberAttribute(IsRequired=true, EmitDefaultValue=false)] public string InstanceId { get { return this.InstanceIdField; } set { this.InstanceIdField = value; } } [System.Runtime.Serialization.DataMemberAttribute(IsRequired=true, Order=2)] public sbyte AttributeId { get { return this.AttributeIdField; } set { this.AttributeIdField = value; } } } Now, the problem is I can't serialize the class. Here is the serialization code: cosemAttributeDescriptor cAttrD = new cosemAttributeDescriptor(); cAttrD.ClassId = 3; cAttrD.InstanceId = "0100010800FF"; cAttrD.AttributeId = 0; DataContractSerializer dSer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(cosemAttributeDescriptor)); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); XmlWriter xW = XmlWriter.Create(sb); dSer.WriteObject(xW, cAttrD); When I try to serialize the class, I get empty string. Any thoughts?

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  • How to configure hbm2java and hbm2dao to add packagename to generated classes

    - by mmm
    Hi, I'm trying to configure hbm2java with maven to generate POJO classes and DAO objects. One of the issues I'm dealing with is package names aren't generated. I'm using the following pom for that: <execution> <id>hbm2java</id> <phase>generate-sources</phase> <goals> <goal>hbm2java</goal> </goals> <inherited>false</inherited> <configuration> <components> <component> <name>hbm2java</name> <implementation>configuration</implementation> </component> </components> <componentProperties> <packagename>package.name</packagename> <configurationfile>target/hibernate3/generated-mappings/hibernane.cfg.xml</configurationfile> </componentProperties> </configuration> </execution> Yet the generated code begins with the following: // default package // Generated 2010-05-17 13:11:51 by Hibernate Tools 3.2.2.GA /** * Messages generated by hbm2java */ public class Messages implements java.io.Serializable { Is there a way to force maven to generate the package part as defined in packagename?

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  • Updating CoreData xcdatamodel file troubles - attribute type change

    - by San
    I noticed several questions related to this topic go unanswered. Is this such a gray area that nobody really understands it? Here is my problem: I am a midway in the development of my app and the app has never been used ouside of my iphone simulator.One of the attributes in my core data structure requires a type change.Since my app has never been used outside of my iPhone Simulator, I first deleted the sqlite file. Doubling the effort of this step, I also went into iPhone Simulator menu and selected "Reset Content and Settings...". Than, I edited the xcdatamodel file and changed the type of my attribute. I saved the file and exited. Without any other changes, I compiled. I expected it to fail because of my type change. It did not! After this, I assigned a value with new type to my attribute and it fails to compile?! Is there something else that I need to do for the change to take an effect? I would really, really appreciate an answer to my question. Thank you!

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  • Is this a bug? : I get " The type ... is not a complex type or an entity type" in my WCF data servic

    - by veertien
    When invoking a query on the data service I get this error message inside the XML feed: <m:error> <m:code></m:code> <m:message xml:lang="nl-NL">Internal Server Error. The type 'MyType' is not a complex type or an entity type.</m:message> </m:error> When I use the example described here in the article "How to: Create a Data Service Using the Reflection Provider (WCF Data Services)" http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd728281(v=VS.100).aspx it works as expected. I have created the service in a .NET 4.0 web project. My data context class returns a query object that is derived from the LINQExtender (http://linqextender.codeplex.com/). When I execute the query object in a unit test, it works as expected. My entity type is defined as: [DataServiceKey("Id")] public class Accommodation { [UniqueIdentifier] [OriginalFieldName("EntityId")] public string Id { get; set; } [OriginalFieldName("AccoName")] public string Name { get; set; } } (the UniqueIdentifier and OriginalFieldName attributes are used by LINQExtender) Does anybody know if this is a bug in WCF data services or am I doing something wrong?

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  • Classes, methods, and polymorphism in Python

    - by Morlock
    I made a module prototype for building complex timer schedules in python. The classe prototypes permit to have Timer objects, each with their waiting times, Repeat objects that group Timer and other Repeat objects, and a Schedule class, just for holding a whole construction or Timers and Repeat instances. The construction can be as complex as needed and needs to be flexible. Each of these three classes has a .run() method, permitting to go through the whole schedule. Whatever the Class, the .run() method either runs a timer, a repeat group for a certain number of iterations, or a schedule. Is this polymorphism-oriented approach sound or silly? What are other appropriate approaches I should consider to build such a versatile utility that permits to put all building blocks together in as complex a way as desired with simplicity? Thanks! Here is the module code: ##################### ## Importing modules from time import time, sleep ##################### ## Class definitions class Timer: """ Timer object with duration. """ def __init__(self, duration): self.duration = duration def run(self): print "Waiting for %i seconds" % self.duration wait(self.duration) chime() class Repeat: """ Repeat grouped objects for a certain number of repetitions. """ def __init__(self, objects=[], rep=1): self.rep = rep self.objects = objects def run(self): print "Repeating group for %i times" % self.rep for i in xrange(self.rep): for group in self.objects: group.run() class Schedule: """ Groups of timers and repetitions. Maybe redundant with class Repeat. """ def __init__(self, schedule=[]): self.schedule = schedule def run(self): for group in self.schedule: group.run() ######################## ## Function definitions def wait(duration): """ Wait a certain number of seconds. """ time_end = time() + float(duration) #uncoment for minutes# * 60 time_diff = time_end - time() while time_diff > 0: sleep(1) time_diff = time_end - time() def chime(): print "Ding!"

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  • Error reached after genereated entity framework classes by edmgen tool

    - by loviji
    Hello, First I read this question, but this knowledge did not help to solve my problems. In initial I've created edmx file by Visual Studio. Generated files with names: uqsModel.Designer.cs uqsModel.edmx This files are located on App_Code folder. And my web app work normally. In Web Config generated connectionstring automatically. <add name="uqsEntities" connectionString="metadata=res://*/App_Code.uqsModel.csdl|res://*/App_Code.uqsModel.ssdl|res://*/App_Code.uqsModel.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=&quot;Data Source=aemloviji\sqlexpress;Initial Catalog=uqs;Integrated Security=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=True&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient" /></connectionStrings> Then I had to generate classes by the instrument edmgen tool(full generation mode). Generated new files with names: uqsModel.cs uqsModel.csdl uqsModel.msl uqsModel.ssdl uqsViews.cs it save new classed to the folder where edmx files located before, and remove existing edmx files. And when page redirrects to any web page server side code fails. And problem: Unable to load the specified metadata resource. Some idea, please.

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  • ASP.NET/C# - Deserialize XML, XSD.exe created multiple classes

    - by Barryman9000
    I'm trying to deserialize some XML (returned from a web service) into an object that I created using XSD.exe. The XSD executable created a .CS file with a different partial class for each parent node in the XML. For Example, the beginning of the XML looks like this (why can't I post xml here? sorry, this is ugly): <disclaimer><notificationDescription>Additional charges will apply.</notificationDescription></disclaimer><quote><masterQuote></masterQuote></quote> And the Class generated by the XSD.exe has a partial class named disclaimer with a get; set; string for notificationDescription. And another partial class for quoteMasterQuote with the corresponding child nodes as public strings. How can I deserialize this XML file into multiple classes? I found this code, but it seems like it'll only work for one object. public static PricingResponse2 DeSerialize(string _xml) { PricingResponse2 _resp = new PricingResponse2(); StringReader _strReader = new StringReader(_xml); XmlSerializer _serializer = new XmlSerializer(_resp.GetType()); XmlReader _xmlReader = new XmlTextReader(_strReader); try { _resp = (PricingResponse2)_serializer.Deserialize(_xmlReader); return _resp; } catch (Exception ex) { string _error = ex.Message; throw; } finally { _xmlReader.Close(); _strReader.Close(); _strReader.Dispose(); } } This is the first time I've tried this, so I'm a little lost.

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  • Run unittest in a Class

    - by chrissygormley
    Hello, I have a test suite to perform smoke tests. I have all my script stored in various classes but when I try and run the test suite I can't seem to get it working if it is in a class. The code is below: (a class to call the tests) from alltests import SmokeTests class CallTests(SmokeTests): def integration(self): self.suite() if __name__ == '__main__': run = CallTests() run.integration() And the test suite: class SmokeTests(): def suite(self): #Function stores all the modules to be tested modules_to_test = ('external_sanity', 'internal_sanity') alltests = unittest.TestSuite() for module in map(__import__, modules_to_test): alltests.addTest(unittest.findTestCases(module)) return alltests if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main(defaultTest='suite') So I can see how to call a normal function defined but I'm finding it difficult calling in the suite. In one of the tests the suite is set up like so: class InternalSanityTestSuite(unittest.TestSuite): # Tests to be tested by test suite def makeInternalSanityTestSuite(): suite = unittest.TestSuite() suite.addTest(TestInternalSanity("BasicInternalSanity")) suite.addTest(TestInternalSanity("VerifyInternalSanityTestFail")) return suite def suite(): return unittest.makeSuite(TestInternalSanity) If I have def suite() inside the class SmokeTests the script executes but the tests don't run but if I remove the class the tests run. I run this as a script and call in variables into the tests. I do not want to have to run the tests by os.system('python tests.py'). I was hoping to call the tests through the class I have like any other function. This need's to be called from a class as the script that I'm calling it from is Object Oriented. If anyone can get the code to be run using Call Tests I would appreciate it alot. Thanks for any help in advance.

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  • Preg Expression to identify classes/ids in a CSS file that have no contents

    - by dclowd9901
    I'm in the process of updating some old CSS files in our systems, and we have a bunch that have lots of empty classes simply taking up space in the file. I'd love to learn how to write Regular expressions, but I just don't get them. I'm hoping the more I expose myself to them (with a little more cohesive explanation), the more I'll end up understanding them. The Problem That said, I'm looking for an expression that will identify text followed by a '{' (some have spaces in between, and some do not) and if there are no letters or numbers between that bracket and '}' (spaces don't count), it will be identified as a matching string. I suppose I can trim the whitespace out of the doc before I run a regular expression through it, but I don't want to change the basic structure of the text. I'm hoping to return it into a large <textarea>. Bonus points for explaining the characters and their meanings, and also an expression identifying lines in the copy without any text or numbers, as well. I will likely use the final expression in PHP script. tl;dr: Regular Expression to match: .a_class_or #an_id { /* if there aren't any alphanumerics in here, this should be a matching line of text */ }

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  • Read-only view of a Java list with more general type parameter

    - by Michael Rusch
    Suppose I have class Foo extends Superclass. I understand why I can't do this: List<Foo> fooList = getFooList(); List<Superclass> supList = fooList; But, it would seem reasonable for me to do that if supList were somehow "read-only". Then, everything would be consistent as everything that would come out of an objList would be a Foo, which is a Superclass. I could probably write a List implementation that would take an underlying list and a more general type parameter, and would then return everything as the more general type instead of the specific type. It would work like the return of Collections.unmodifiableList() except that the type would be made more general. Is there an easier way? The reason I'm considering doing this is that I am implementing an interface that requires that I return an (unmodifiable) List<Superclass>, but internally I need to use Foos, so I have a List<Foo>. I can't just cast.

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  • Defining a variable in a class and using it in functions

    - by Josh
    I am trying to learn PHP classes so I can begin coding more OOP projects. To help me learn I am building a class that uses the Rapidshare API. Here's my class: <?php class RS { public $baseUrl = 'http://api.rapidshare.com/cgi-bin/rsapi.cgi?sub='; function apiCall($params) { echo $baseUrl; } } ?> $params will contain a set of key pair values, like this: $params = array( 'sub' => 'listfiles_v1', 'type' => 'prem', 'login' => '746625', 'password' => 'not_my_real_pass', 'realfolder' => '0', 'fields' => 'filename,downloads,size', ); Which will later be appended to $baseUrl to make the final request URL, but I can't get $baseUrl to appear in my apiCall() method. I have tried the following: var $baseUrl = 'http://api.rapidshare.com/cgi-bin/rsapi.cgi?sub='; $baseUrl = 'http://api.rapidshare.com/cgi-bin/rsapi.cgi?sub='; private $baseUrl = 'http://api.rapidshare.com/cgi-bin/rsapi.cgi?sub='; And even tried $this->baseUrl = $baseUrl; in my apiCall() methid, I don't know what the hell I was thinking there though lol. Any help is appreciated thanks :)

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  • What is the best practice for using lock within inherited classes

    - by JDMX
    I want to know if one class is inheriting from another, is it better to have the classes share a lock object that is defined at the base class or to have a lock object defined at each inheritance level. A very simple example of a lock object on each level of the class public class Foo { private object thisLock = new object(); private int ivalue; public int Value { get { lock( thisLock ) { return ivalue; } } set { lock( thisLock ) { ivalue= value; } } } } public class Foo2: Foo { private object thisLock2 = new object(); public int DoubleValue { get { lock( thisLock2 ) { return base.Value * 2; } } set { lock( thisLock2 ) { base.Value = value / 2; } } } } public class Foo6: Foo2 { private object thisLock6 = new object(); public int TripleDoubleValue { get { lock( thisLock6 ) { return base.DoubleValue * 3; } } set { lock( thisLock6 ) { base.DoubleValue = value / 3; } } } } A very simple example of a shared lock object public class Foo { protected object thisLock = new object(); private int ivalue; public int Value { get { lock( thisLock ) { return ivalue; } } set { lock( thisLock ) { ivalue= value; } } } } public class Foo2: Foo { public int DoubleValue { get { lock( thisLock ) { return base.Value * 2; } } set { lock( thisLock ) { base.Value = value / 2; } } } } public class Foo6: Foo2 { public int TripleDoubleValue { get { lock( thisLock ) { return base.DoubleValue * 3; } } set { lock( thisLock ) { base.DoubleValue = value / 3; } } } } Which example is the preferred way to manage locking within an inherited class?

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  • Ruby: add custom properties to built-in classes

    - by dreftymac
    Question: Using Ruby it is simple to add custom methods to existing classes, but how do you add custom properties? Here is an example of what I am trying to do: myarray = Array.new(); myarray.concat([1,2,3]); myarray._meta_ = Hash.new(); # obviously, this wont work myarray._meta_['createdby'] = 'dreftymac'; myarray._meta_['lastupdate'] = '1993-12-12'; ## desired result puts myarray._meta_['createdby']; #=> 'dreftymac' puts myarray.inspect() #=> [1,2,3] The goal is to construct the class definition in such a way that the stuff that does not work in the example above will work as expected. Update: (clarify question) One aspect that was left out of the original question: it is also a goal to add "default values" that would ordinarily be set-up in the initialize method of the class. Update: (why do this) Normally, it is very simple to just create a custom class that inherits from Array (or whatever built-in class you want to emulate). This question derives from some "testing-only" code and is not an attempt to ignore this generally acceptable approach.

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  • Ruby: add custom properties to built-in classes

    - by dreftymac
    Question: Using Ruby it is simple to add custom methods to existing classes, but how do you add custom properties? Here is an example of what I am trying to do: myarray = Array.new(); myarray.concat([1,2,3]); myarray._meta_ = Hash.new(); # obviously, this wont work myarray._meta_['createdby'] = 'dreftymac'; myarray._meta_['lastupdate'] = '1993-12-12'; ## desired result puts myarray._meta_['createdby']; #=> 'dreftymac' puts myarray.inspect() #=> [1,2,3] The goal is to construct the class definition in such a way that the stuff that does not work in the example above will work as expected. Update: (clarify question) One aspect that was left out of the original question: it is also a goal to add "default values" that would ordinarily be set-up in the initialize method of the class. Update: (why do this) Normally, it is very simple to just create a custom class that inherits from Array (or whatever built-in class you want to emulate). This question derives from some "testing-only" code and is not an attempt to ignore this generally acceptable approach.

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  • Inserting an image into sqlserver gives an "operand type clash"

    - by Termedi
    I'm trying to save an image in a sql server 2000 database. The data type of the column is image. Here is the code: Image Upload: <?php include('config.php'); if(is_uploaded_file($_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name'])) { $fileName = $_FILES['userfile']['name']; $tmpName = $_FILES['userfile']['tmp_name']; $fileSize = $_FILES['userfile']['size']; $fileType = $_FILES['userfile']['type']; $size = filesize($tmpName); set_magic_quotes_runtime(0);//to desactive the default escape spacials caracters made by PHP in the externes files $img_binaire = base64_encode(fread(fopen(str_replace("'","''",$tmpName), "r"), $size)); $query = "INSERT INTO test_image (image_name, image_content, image_size) ". "VALUES ('{$fileName}','{$img_binaire}', '{$size}')"; odbc_exec($conn, $query) or die('Error, query failed'); echo "<br>File $fileName uploaded<br>"; echo "<br>File Size: $fileSize <br>"; } ?> Image Show: <?php include('config.php'); $sql = "select * from test_image where id =2"; $rsl = odbc_exec($conn, $sql); $image_info = odbc_fetch_array($rsl); //$count = sizeof($image_info['image_content']); //header('Accept-Ranges: bytes'); //header('Content-Length: '.$image_info['image_size']); //header("Content-length: 17397"); header('Content-Type: image/jpeg'); echo base64_decode($image_info['image_content']); //echo bindec($image_info['image_content']); ?> It gives the following error: Error: Warning: odbc_exec() [function.odbc-exec]: SQL error: [Microsoft][ODBC SQL Server Driver][SQL Server]Operand type clash: text is incompatible with image, SQL state 22005 in SQLExecDirect in C:\xampp\htdocs\test\upload.php on line 25 Error, query failed What do I need to do differently?

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  • C++ LNK2019 error with constructors and destructors in derived classes

    - by BLH
    I have two classes, one inherited from the other. When I compile, I get the following errors: 1Entity.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: __thiscall Utility::Parsables::Base::Base(void)" (??0Base@Parsables@Utility@@QAE@XZ) referenced in function "public: __thiscall Utility::Parsables::Entity::Entity(void)" (??0Entity@Parsables@Utility@@QAE@XZ) 1Entity.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "public: virtual __thiscall Utility::Parsables::Base::~Base(void)" (??1Base@Parsables@Utility@@UAE@XZ) referenced in function "public: virtual __thiscall Utility::Parsables::Entity::~Entity(void)" (??1Entity@Parsables@Utility@@UAE@XZ) 1D:\Programming\Projects\Caffeine\Debug\Caffeine.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals I really can't figure out what's going on.. can anyone see what I'm doing wrong? I'm using Visual C++ Express 2008. Here are the files.. "include/Utility/Parsables/Base.hpp" #ifndef CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_BASE_HPP #define CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_BASE_HPP namespace Utility { namespace Parsables { class Base { public: Base( void ); virtual ~Base( void ); }; } } #endif //CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_BASE_HPP "src/Utility/Parsables/Base.cpp" #include "Utility/Parsables/Base.hpp" namespace Utility { namespace Parsables { Base::Base( void ) { } Base::~Base( void ) { } } } "include/Utility/Parsables/Entity.hpp" #ifndef CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_ENTITY_HPP #define CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_ENTITY_HPP #include "Utility/Parsables/Base.hpp" namespace Utility { namespace Parsables { class Entity : public Base { public: Entity( void ); virtual ~Entity( void ); }; } } #endif //CAFFEINE_UTILITY_PARSABLES_ENTITY_HPP "src/Utility/Parsables/Entity.cpp" #include "Utility/Parsables/Entity.hpp" namespace Utility { namespace Parsables { Entity::Entity( void ) { } Entity::~Entity( void ) { } } }

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  • ActionScript 3.0: placing code on stage/MC timelines a la AS2 instead of in classes

    - by BoltClock
    I'm aware that ActionScript 3.0 is designed from the ground up to be a largely object-oriented language and using it means less or even no timeline code in Flash documents. I'm quite experienced with OOP and am comfortable writing classes. However, since I mostly use Flash for animations, I hardly ever need to write ActionScript code other than for preloaders, subtitles, quality controls, website links and so on. In fact, I still set my Flash movies to use AS2 to this day because I'm used to gotoAndPlay()/gotoAndStop(), AS2 preloaders, subtitles, quality controls and even getURL(). Of course, I really want to move on now that practically everyone's on Flash Player 9 or 10 and now that I've dabbled with other OO languages like Java, C# and Objective-C too. I'm a complete newcomer to AS3 and am not very learned with AS2 either. Considering my current use of ActionScript, are there any cases where it's still OK to use very simple AS3 code in the timeline instead of moving code to a class, especially since moving to a class might mean unnecessarily increasing the number of LOC from 4 to 40? (Heck, is the latter case ('instead of ...') even a valid concern at all?)

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  • How to generate hibernate POJO classes programmatically?

    - by Vatsala
    Hi I am aware of the Hibernate Eclipse plugin that helps us (through a series of screens and button clicks) to generate the POJO and DAO classes for the underlying tables. But I would like to mimic this in a runtime environment, i.e. I would like to be able to do the exact same steps programmatically , where I should be able to supply the .cfg.xml file, the reveng.xml file, the database URL, the destination folder, via a command line/ parameters within main(String[] args).. Apparently there is no such tool available which works in a pure Hibernate scenario. There is one which is tuned to generate code for the spring framework - but thats not of direct use to me right now. I tried downloading hibernate-tools.jar's source code for the eclipse plugin, but right now the src code download link at hibernate.org(new design) has been disabled for some reason. Has anyone handled such a thing before? Or can you give me some clues to do this? I have tried a certain JDBCReader class's object, the rationale being read all tables using JDBCReader's methods and then figure out how to use hbm2POJO generator class....

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  • Techniques for sharing a value among classes in a program

    - by Kenneth Cochran
    I'm using Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.CommonApplicationData) + "\MyProgram" As the path to store several files used by my program. I'd like to avoid pasting the same snippet of code all over the my applcation. I need to ensure that: The path cannot be accidentally changed once its been set The classes that need it have access to it. I've considered: Making it a singleton Using constructor dependency injection Using property dependency injection Using AOP to create the path where its needed. Each has pros and cons. The singleton is everyone's favorite whipping boy. I'm not opposed to using one but there are valid reasons to avoid it if possible. I'm already heavily using constructor injection through Castle Windsor. But this is a path string and Windsor doesn't handle system type dependencies very gracefully. I could always wrap it in a class but that seems like overkill for something as simple as a passing around a string value. In any case this route would add yet another constructor argument to each class where it is used. The problem I see with property injection in this case is that there is a large amount of indirection from the where the value is set to where it is needed. I would need a very long line of middlemen to reach all the places where its used. AOP looks promising and I'm planning on using AOP for logging anyway so this at least sounds like a simple solution. Is there any other options I haven't considered? Am I off base with my evaluation of the options I have considered?

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  • NHibernate: Mapping multiple classes from a single table row

    - by Michael Kurtz
    I couldn't find an answer to this specific question. I am trying to keep my domain model object-oriented and re-use objects where possible. I am having an issue determining how to provide a mapping to multiple classes from a single row. Let me explain with an example: I have a single table, call it Customer. A customer has several attributes; but, for brevity, assume it has Id, Name, Address, City, State, ZipCode. I would like to create a Customer and Address class that look like this: public class Customer { public virtual long Id {get;set;} public virtual string Name {get;set;} public virtual Address Address {get;set;} } public class Address { public virtual string Address {get;set;} public virtual string City {get;set;} public virtual string State {get;set;} public virtual string ZipCode {get;set;} } What I am having trouble with is determining what the mapping would be for the Address class within the Customer class. There is no Address table and there isn't a "set" of addresses associated with a Customer. I just want a more object-oriented view of the Customer table in code. There are several other tables that have address information in them and it would be nice to have a reusable Address class to deal with them. Addresses are not shared so breaking all addresses into a separate table with foreign keys seems to be overkill and, actually, more painful since I would need foreign keys to multiple tables. Can someone enlighten me on this type of mapping? Please provide an example if you can. Thanks for any insights! -Mike

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