line break - Page 692 - Developer IT

Is there a way to restart a cursor? Oracle

- by Solid1Snake1

I am trying to do something such as: for(int i = 0; i<10; i++) { for(int j = 0; j<10; j++) { Blah; } } //As you can see each time that there is a different i, j starts at 0 again. Using cursors in Oracle. But if I'm correct, after I fetch all rows from a cursor, it will not restart. Is there a way to do this? Here is my sql: CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE SSACHDEV.SyncTeleappWithClientinfo as teleCase NUMBER; CURSOR TeleAppCursor is Select distinct(casenbr) from TeleApp; CURSOR ClientInfoCursor is Select casenbr from clientinfo where trim(cashwithappyn) is null; BEGIN open TeleAppCursor; open ClientInfoCursor; LOOP fetch TeleAppCursor into teleCase; EXIT when TeleAppCursor%NOTFOUND; LOOP fetch ClientInfoCursor into clientCase; EXIT when ClientInfoCursor%NOTFOUND; if clientCase = teleCase then update ClientInfo set cashwithappyn = (select cashwithappyn from teleapp where casenbr = clientCase) where casenbr = clientCase; break; end if; END LOOP; END LOOP; END; I did check online and was unable to find anything on this.

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for loop vs std::for_each with lambda

- by Andrey

Let's consider a template function written in C++11 which iterates over a container. Please exclude from consideration the range loop syntax because it is not yet supported by the compiler I'm working with. template <typename Container> void DoSomething(const Container& i_container) { // Option #1 for (auto it = std::begin(i_container); it != std::end(i_container); ++it) { // do something with *it } // Option #2 std::for_each(std::begin(i_container), std::end(i_container), [] (typename Container::const_reference element) { // do something with element }); } What are pros/cons of for loop vs std::for_each in terms of: a) performance? (I don't expect any difference) b) readability and maintainability? Here I see many disadvantages of for_each. It wouldn't accept a c-style array while the loop would. The declaration of the lambda formal parameter is so verbose, not possible to use auto there. It is not possible to break out of for_each. In pre- C++11 days arguments against for were a need of specifying the type for the iterator (doesn't hold any more) and an easy possibility of mistyping the loop condition (I've never done such mistake in 10 years). As a conclusion, my thoughts about for_each contradict the common opinion. What am I missing here?

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Sending an AJAX Request - Can't get to work

- by user357944

I'm trying to make an AJAX GET request, but I simply cannot get it to work. I want to retrieve the HTML source of example.com. I've previously used JQuery to send AJAX requests, but I use JQuery only for its AJAX capabilities so it's a waste to include the 30KB file for one task. What is it that I'm doing wrong? <script type="text/javascript"> var XMLHttpArray = [ function() {return new XMLHttpRequest()}, function() {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP")}, function() {return new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP")}, function() {return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")} ]; function createXMLHTTPObject(){ var xmlhttp = false; for(var i=0; i<XMLHttpArray.length; i++){ try{ xmlhttp = XMLHttpArray[i](); }catch(e){ continue; } break; } return xmlhttp; } function AjaxRequest(url,method){ var req = createXMLHTTPObject(); req.onreadystatechange= function(){ if(req.readyState != 4) return; if(req.status != 200) return; return req.responseText; } req.open(method,url,true); req.send(null); } function MakeRequst(){ var result=AjaxRequest("http://example.com","get"); alert(result); } </script>

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SDK2 query for counting: which is more efficient?

- by user1195996

I have an app that is displaying metrics about defects in a project. I have the option of making one query that returns all the defects, and from that I can break out about four different metrics (How many defects escaped QA in 90 days, 180 days, and then the same metrics again but only counting sev1/sev2 defects). I could make four queries and limit the results to one so that I just get a count for each. Or I could make one query that encompass them all (all defects that escaped QA in 180 days) and then count up the difference. I'm figuring worst case, the number of defects that escaped QA in the last six months will generally be less than 100, certainly less 500 worst case. Which would you do-- four queryies with one result each, or one single query that on average might return 50, perhaps worst case 500? And I guess the key question is-- where are the inflections points? Perhaps I have more metrics tomorrow (who knows, 8?) and a different average defect counts. Is there a rule of thumb I could use to help choose which approach?

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priority queue implementation

- by davit-datuashvili

i have implemented priority queue and i am interested if it is correct public class priqueue { private int n,maxsize; int x[]; void swap(int i,int j){ int t=x[i]; x[i]=x[j]; x[j]=t; } public priqueue(int m){ maxsize=m; x=new int [maxsize+1]; n=0; } void insert(int t){ int i,p; x[++n]=t; for (i=n;i>1 && x[p=i/2] >x[i];i=p) swap(p,i); } public int extramin(){ int i,c; int t=x[1]; x[1]=x[n--]; for (i=1;(c=2*i)<=n;i=c){ if (c+1<=n && x[c+1]<x[c]) c++; if (x[i]<=x[c]) break; swap(c,i); } return t; } public void display(){ for (int j=0;j<x.length;j++){ System.out.println(x[j]); } } } public class priorityqueue { public static void main(String[] args) { priqueue pr=new priqueue(12); pr.insert(20); pr.insert(12); pr.insert(22); pr.insert(15); pr.insert(35); pr.insert(17); pr.insert(40); pr.insert(51); pr.insert(26); pr.insert(19); pr.insert(29); pr.insert(23); pr.extramin(); pr.display(); } } //result: 0 12 15 17 20 19 22 40 51 26 35 29 23

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VB Change Calulator

- by BlueBeast

I am creating a VB 2008 change calculator as an assignment. The program is to use the amount paid - the amount due to calculate the total.(this is working fine). After that, it is to break that amount down into dollars, quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies. The problem I am having is that sometimes the quantity of pennies, nickels or dimes will be a negative number. For example $2.99 = 3 Dollars and -1 Pennies. SOLVED Thanks to the responses, here is what I was able to make work with my limited knowledge. Option Explicit On Option Strict Off Option Infer Off Public Class frmMain Private Sub btnClear_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnClear.Click 'Clear boxes lblDollarsAmount.Text = String.Empty lblQuartersAmount.Text = String.Empty lblDimesAmount.Text = String.Empty lblNickelsAmount.Text = String.Empty lblPenniesAmount.Text = String.Empty txtOwed.Text = String.Empty txtPaid.Text = String.Empty lblAmountDue.Text = String.Empty txtOwed.Focus() End Sub Private Sub btnExit_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnExit.Click 'Close application' Me.Close() End Sub Private Sub btnCalculate_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnCalculate.Click ' Find Difference between Total Price and Total Received lblAmountDue.Text = Val(txtPaid.Text) - Val(txtOwed.Text) Dim intChangeAmount As Integer = lblAmountDue.Text * 100 'Declare Integers Dim intDollarsBack As Integer Dim intQuartersBack As Integer Dim intDimesBack As Integer Dim intNickelsBack As Integer Dim intPenniesBack As Integer ' Change Values Const intDollarValue As Integer = 100 Const intQuarterValue As Integer = 25 Const intDimeValue As Integer = 10 Const intNickelValue As Integer = 5 Const intPennyValue As Integer = 1 'Dollars intDollarsBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intDollarValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intDollarsBack) * intDollarValue) lblDollarsAmount.Text = intDollarsBack.ToString 'Quarters intQuartersBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intQuarterValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intQuartersBack) * intQuarterValue) lblQuartersAmount.Text = intQuartersBack.ToString 'Dimes intDimesBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intDimeValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intDimesBack) * intDimeValue) lblDimesAmount.Text = intDimesBack.ToString 'Nickels intNickelsBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intNickelValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intNickelsBack) * intNickelValue) lblNickelsAmount.Text = intNickelsBack.ToString 'Pennies intPenniesBack = CInt(Val(intChangeAmount \ intPennyValue)) intChangeAmount = intChangeAmount - Val(Val(intPenniesBack) * intPennyValue) lblPenniesAmount.Text = intPenniesBack.ToString End Sub End Class

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make it simpler and efficient

- by gcc

temp1=*tutar[1]; //i hold input in char *tutar[] if(temp1!='x'||temp1!='n') arrays[1]=malloc(sizeof(int)*num_arrays); //if second input is int a=0; n=i; for(i=1;i<n;++i) { temp1=*tutar[i]; if(temp1=='d') { ++i; j=atoi(tutar[i]); free(arrays[j]); continue; } if(temp1=='x') break; if(temp1=='n')//if it is n { a=0; ++j; arrays[j]=malloc(sizeof(int)*num_arrays);//create and allocate continue; } ++a; if(a>num_arrays) //resize the array arrays[j]=realloc(arrays[j],sizeof(int)*(num_arrays+a)); *(arrays[j]+a-1)=atoi(tutar[i]); printf("%d",arrays[1][1]); } arrays is pointer when you see x exit you see n create (old one is new array[a] new one is array[i+1]) you see d delete arrays[i] according to int after d first number is size of max arrays and where is the error in code input is composed from int and n d x i make a program -taking input(first input must be int) -according to input(there is comman in input like n or d or j , i fill array with number and use memory efficiently -j is jumb to array[x] ( x is int coming after j in input)

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Download Canvas Image Png Chome/Safari

- by user2639176

Works in Firefox, and won't work in Safari, or Chrome. function loadimage() { var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"); if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); xmlhttp2=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else {// code for IE6, IE5 xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); xmlhttp2=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); } xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function() { if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200) { rasterizeHTML.drawHTML(xmlhttp.responseText, canvas); var t=setTimeout(function(){copy()},3000) } } xmlhttp.open("GET","/sm/<?=$sm[0];?>",true); xmlhttp.send(); } function copy() { var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas"); var img = canvas.toDataURL("image/png"); document.getElementById('dl').href = img; document.getElementById('dl').innerHTML = "Download"; } Now I didn't write this, so I don't know too much javascript. But the script works in Firefox. In Chrome, getting: Uncaught Security Error: An attempt was made to break through the security policy of the user-agent. For toDataURL("image/png")

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ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException double array size

- by Andy

I'm going to preface this question with this statement: I know that I can easily handle this problem by reading the amount of lines in a file and making an array that size. I am not allowed to do this. Anyway, here is my question. I need to double my array's size whenever my program encounters an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException and then copy all the previous read in information into the larger array. Here is my code public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { Scanner inScan, fScan = null; int [] A = new int[5]; inScan = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Please enter the file to read from: "); while(true) { try{ String fName = inScan.nextLine(); fScan = new Scanner(new File(fName)); break; } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) { System.out.println("Your file is invalid -- please re-enter"); } } String nextItem; int nextInt = 0; int i = 0; while (fScan.hasNextLine()) { try { nextItem = fScan.nextLine(); nextInt = Integer.parseInt(nextItem); A[i] = nextInt; i++; } catch (NumberFormatException e) { System.out.println("Found an invalid int -- ignored"); } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { //double the size of array A until //copy all previous read in information to the larger array } } System.out.println("Here are your " + i + " items:"); for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) { System.out.println(A[j] + " "); } } }

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Runtime of optimized Primehunter

- by Setton

Ok so I need some serious runtime help here! This method should take in an int value, check its primality, and return true if the number is indeed a prime. I understand why the loop only needs to go up to i squared, I understand that the worst case scenario is the case in which either the number is prime (or a multiple of a prime). But I don't understand how to quantify the actual runtime. I have done the loop myself by hand to try to understand the pattern or correlation of the number (n) and how many loops occur, but I literally feel like I keep falling into the same trap every time. I need a new way of thinking about this! I have a hint: "Think about the SIZE of the integer" which makes me want to quantify the literal number of integers in a number in relation to how many iterations it does in the for loop (floor log(n)) +1). BUT IT'S NOT WORKIIIING?! I KNOW it isn't square root n, obviously. I'm asking for Big O notation. public class PrimeHunter { public static boolean isPrime(int n) { boolean answer = (n > 1) ? true : false; //runtime = linear runtime for (int i = 2; i * i <= n; i++) //runtime = ????? { if (n % i == 0) //doesn't occur if it is a prime { answer = false; break; } } return answer; //runtime = linear runtime } }

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select k th mimimum from array a[0..n-1]

- by davit-datuashvili

i have done folloing code from progrmming pearls here is code import java.util.*; public class select { public static int select1(int x[],int l,int u,int k){ //pre l<=k<=u //post x[l..k-1]<=x[k]<=x[k+1..u] Random r=new Random(); int t=r.nextInt(u-1-l)+l; if (l>=u) return -1 ; swap(l,t); int s=x[l]; int i=l; int j=u+1; while (true){ do { i++; }while (i<=u && x[i]<t); do { j--; }while (x[j]>t); if (i>j) break; int temp=x[i]; x[i]=x[j];x[j]=t; swap(l,j); if (j<k){ return select1(x,j+1,u,k); } } return select1(x,l,j-1,k); } public static void main(String[] args) { int x[]=new int[]{4,7,9,3,2,12,13,10,20}; select1(x,0,x.length-1,5); } public static void swap(int i,int j){ int c=i; i=j; j=c; } } but here is mistake Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: -1 at select.select1(select.java:21) at select.main(select.java:36) Java Result: 1 please help

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Why is this removing all elements from my LinkedList?

- by Brian

Why is my remove method removing every element from my Doubly Linked List? If I take out that if/else statements then I can successfully remove middle elements, but elements at the head or tail of the list still remain. However, I added the if/else statements to take care of elements at the head and tail, unfortunately this method now removes every element in my list. What am I do wrong? public void remove(int n) { LinkEntry<E> remove_this = new LinkEntry<E>(); //if nothing comes before remove_this, set the head to equal the element after remove_this if (remove_this.previous == null) head = remove_this.next; //otherwise set the element before remove_this equal to the element after remove_this else remove_this.previous.next = remove_this.next; //if nothing comes after remove_this, set the tail equal to the element before remove_this if (remove_this.next == null) tail = remove_this.previous; //otherwise set the next element's previous pointer to the element before remove_this else remove_this.next.previous = remove_this.previous; //if remove_this is located in the middle of the list, enter this loop until it is //found, then remove it, closing the gap afterwards. int i = 0; for (remove_this = head; remove_this != null; remove_this = remove_this.next) { //if i == n, stop and delete 'remove_this' from the list if (i == n) { //set the previous element's next to the element that comes after remove_this remove_this.previous.next = remove_this.next; //set the element after remove_this' previous pointer to the element before remove_this remove_this.next.previous = remove_this.previous; break; } //if i != n, keep iterating through the list i++; } }

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Why does java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue use 'while' loops instead of 'if' around calls to

- by theFunkyEngineer

I have been playing with my own version of this, using 'if', and all seems to be working fine. Of course this will break down horribly if signalAll() is used instead of signal(), but if only one thread at a time is notified, how can this go wrong? Their code here - check out the put() and take() methods; a simpler and more-to-the-point implementation can be seen at the top of the JavaDoc for Condition. Relevant portion of my implementation below. public Object get() { lock.lock(); try { if( items.size() < 1 ) hasItems.await(); Object poppedValue = items.getLast(); items.removeLast(); hasSpace.signal(); return poppedValue; } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void put(Object item) { lock.lock(); try { if( items.size() >= capacity ) hasSpace.await(); items.addFirst(item); hasItems.signal(); return; } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } P.S. I know that generally, particularly in lib classes like this, one should let the exceptions percolate up.

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delay loop output in C++

- by itachisxeyes

I have a while loop that runs in a do while loop. I need the while loop to run exactly every second no faster no slower. but i'm not sure how i would do that. this is the loop, off in its own function. I have heard of the sleep() function but I also have heard that it is not very accurate. int min5() { int second = 00; int minute = 0; const int ZERO = 00; do{ while (second <= 59){ if(minute == 5) break; second += 1; if(second == 60) minute += 1; if(second == 60) second = ZERO; if(second < 60) cout << "Current Time> "<< minute <<" : "<< second <<" \n"; } } while (minute <= 5); }

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CSS: auto height on containing div, 100% height on background div inside containing div.

- by user47831

The problem, is that I have a content div which stretches its container height-wise (container and content div have auto height). I want the background container, which is a sister div of the content div to stretch to fill the container. The background container contains divs to break the background into chunks. The background and container divs have 100% width, the content container doesn't. HTML: <div id="container"> <div id="content"> Some long content here .. </div> <div id="backgroundContainer"> <div id="someDivToShowABackground"/> <div id="someDivToShowAnotherBackground"/> </div> </div> CSS: #container { height:auto; width:100%; } #content { height: auto; width:500px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; } #backgroundContainer { height:100%;??? I want this to be the same height as container, but 100% makes it the height of the viewport. }`

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CSS: auto height on containing div, 100% height on background div inside containing div.

- by user47831

The problem, is that I have a content div which stretches its container height-wise (container and content div have auto height). I want the background container, which is a sister div of the content div to stretch to fill the container. The background container contains divs to break the background into chunks. The background and container divs have 100% width, the content container doesn't. HTML: <div id="container"> <div id="content"> Some long content here .. </div> <div id="backgroundContainer"> <div id="someDivToShowABackground"/> <div id="someDivToShowAnotherBackground"/> </div> </div> CSS: container ` container { height:auto; width:100%; } content { height: auto; width:500px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; } backgroundContainer { height:100%;??? I want this to be the same height as container, but 100% makes it the height of the viewport. }`

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CSS Multiple Divs set to 100% Height

- by Slevin

I understand this question is redundant but I was unable to locate an answer from my searches on here and other online forums. Here is my situation. http://www.ci.fayetteville.nc.us/CityCommon/port/contact.html On that page I have a 'separator' line that is to extend to the bottom of the page. Now, I have thrown in plenty of break tags to stretch the page. This shows that the background image (used as a footer images in a way) stretches to the bottom of the page fine. (That image is contained within div#content. My question is how can I additionally get my div#rightContent to stretch just the same way? I have my html, body and container heights all specific at 100% as well as another container div called #content. I am pretty stumped. At the link you can view my source and hopefully point me in a good direction to achieve this. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.

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Users using Perl script to bypass Squid Proxy

- by mk22

The users on our network have been using a perl script to bypass our Squid proxy restrictions. Is there any way we can block this script from working?? #!/usr/bin/perl ######################################################################## # (c) 2008 Indika Bandara Udagedara # [email protected] # http://indikabandara19.blogspot.com # # ---------- # LICENCE # ---------- # This work is protected under GNU GPL # It simply says # " you are hereby granted to do whatever you want with this # except claiming you wrote this." # # # ---------- # README # ---------- # A simple tool to download via http proxies which enforce a download # size limit. Requires curl. # This is NOT a hack. This uses the absolutely legal HTTP/1.1 spec # Tested only for squid-2.6. Only squids will work with this(i think) # Please read the verbose README provided kindly by Rahadian Pratama # if u r on cygwin and think this documentation is not enough :) # # The newest version of pget is available at # http://indikabandara.no-ip.com/~indika/pget # # ---------- # USAGE # ---------- # + Edit below configurations(mainly proxy) # + First run with -i <file> giving a sample file of same type that # you are going to download. Doing this once is enough. # eg. to download '.tar' files first run with # pget -i my.tar ('my.tar' should be a real file) # + Run with # pget -g <URL> # # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # CONFIGURATIONS - CHANGE THESE FREELY ######################################################################## # *magic* file # pls set absolute path if in cygwin my $_extFile = "./pget.ext" ; # download in chunks of below size my $_chunkSize = 1024*1024; # in Bytes # the proxy that troubles you my $_proxy = "192.168.0.2:3128"; # proxy URL:port my $_proxy_auth = "user:pass"; # proxy user:pass # whereis curl # pls set absolute path if in cygwin my $_curl = "/usr/bin/curl"; ######################################################################## # EDIT BELOW ONLY IF YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING ######################################################################## use warnings; my $_version = "0.1.0"; PrintBanner(); if (@ARGV == 0) { PrintHelp(); exit; } PrimaryValidations(); my $val; while(scalar(@ARGV)) { my $arg = shift(@ARGV); if($arg eq '-h') { PrintHelp(); } elsif($arg eq '-i') { $val = shift(@ARGV); if (!defined($val)) { printf("-i option requires a filename\n"); exit; } Init($val); } elsif($arg eq '-g') { $val = shift(@ARGV); if (!defined($val)) { printf("-g option requires a URL\n"); exit; } GetURL($val); } elsif($arg eq '-c') { $val = shift(@ARGV); if (!defined($val)) { printf("-c option requires a URL\n"); exit; } ContinueURL($val); } else { printf ("Unknown option %s\n", $arg); PrintHelp(); } } sub GetURL { my ($URL) = @_; chomp($URL); my $fileName = GetFileName($URL); my %mapExt; my $first; my $readLen; my $ext = GetExt($fileName); ReadMap($_extFile, \%mapExt); if ( exists($mapExt{$ext})) { $first = $mapExt{$ext}; GetFile($URL, $first, $fileName, 0); } else { die "Unknown ext in $fileName. Rerun with -i <fileName>"; } } sub ContinueURL { my ($URL) = @_; chomp($URL); my $fileName = GetFileName($URL); my $fileSize = 0; $fileSize = -s $fileName; printf("Size = %d\n", $fileSize); my $first = -1; if ( $fileSize > 0 ) { $fileSize -= 1; GetFile($URL, $first, $fileName, $fileSize); } else { GetURL($URL); } } sub Init { my ($fileName) = @_; my ($key, $value); my %mapExt; my $ext = GetExt($fileName); if ( $ext eq "") { die "Cannot get ext of \'$fileName\'"; } ReadMap($_extFile, \%mapExt); my $b = GetFirst($fileName); $mapExt{$ext} = $b; WriteMap($_extFile, \%mapExt); print "I handle\n"; while ( ($key, $value) = each(%mapExt) ) { print "\t$key -> $value\n"; } } sub GetExt { my ($name) = @_; my @x = split(/\./, $name); my $ext = ""; if (@x != 1) { $ext = pop @x; } return $ext; } sub ReadMap { my($fileName, $mapRef) = @_; my $f; my @arr; open($f, '<', $fileName) or die "Couldn't open $fileName"; my %map = %{$mapRef}; while (<$f>) { my $line = $_; chomp($line); @arr = split(/[ \t]+/, $line, 2); $mapRef->{ $arr[0]} = $arr[1]; } printf("known ext\n"); while (($key, $value) = each(%$mapRef)) { print("$key, $value\n"); } close($f); } sub WriteMap { my ($fileName, $mapRef) = @_; my $f; my @arr; open($f, '>', $fileName) or die "Couldn't open $fileName"; my ($k, $v); while( ($k, $v) = each(%{$mapRef})) { print $f "$k" . "\t$v\n"; } close($f); } sub PrintHelp { print "usage: -h Print this help -i <filename> Initialize for this filetype -g <URL> Get this URL\n -c <URL> Continue this URL\n" } sub GetFirst { my ($fileName) = @_; my $f; open($f, "<$fileName") or die "Couldn't open $fileName"; my $buffer = ""; my $first = -1; binmode($f); sysread($f, $buffer, 1, 0); close($f); $first = ord($buffer); return $first; } sub GetFirstFromMap { } sub GetFileName { my ($URL) = @_; my @x = split(/\//, $URL); my $fileName = pop @x; return $fileName; } sub GetChunk { my ($URL, $file, $offset, $readLen) = @_; my $end = $offset + $_chunkSize - 1; my $curlCmd = "$_curl -x $_proxy -u $_proxy_auth -r $offset-$end -# \"$URL\""; print "$curlCmd\n"; my $buff = `$curlCmd`; ${$readLen} = syswrite($file, $buff, length($buff)); } sub GetFile { my ($URL, $first, $outFile, $fileSize) = @_; my $readLen = 0; my $start = $fileSize + 1; my $file; open($file, "+>>$outFile") or die "Couldn't open $outFile to write"; if ($fileSize <= 0) { my $uc = pack("C", $first); syswrite ($file, $uc, 1); } do { GetChunk($URL, $file, $start ,\$readLen); $start = $start + $_chunkSize; $fileSize += $readLen; }while ($readLen == $_chunkSize); printf("Downloaded %s(%d bytes).\n", $outFile, $fileSize); close($file); } sub PrintBanner { printf ("pget version %s\n", $_version); printf ("There is absolutely NO WARRANTY for pget.\n"); printf ("Use at your own risk. You have been warned.\n\n"); } sub PrimaryValidations { unless( -e "$_curl") { printf("ERROR:curl is not at %s. Pls install or provide correct path.\n", $_curl); exit; } unless( -e "$_extFile") { printf("extFile is not at %s. Creating one\n", $_extFile); `touch $_extFile`; } if ( $_chunkSize <= 0) { printf ("Invalid chunk size. Using 1Mb as default.\n"); $_chunkSize = 1024*1024; } }

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Set up linux box for secure local hosting a-z

- by microchasm

I am in the process of reinstalling the OS on a machine that will be used to host a couple of apps for our business. The apps will be local only; access from external clients will be via vpn only. The prior setup used a hosting control panel (Plesk) for most of the admin, and I was looking at using another similar piece of software for the reinstall - but I figured I should finally learn how it all works. I can do most of the things the software would do for me, but am unclear on the symbiosis of it all. This is all an attempt to further distance myself from the land of Configuration Programmer/Programmer, if at all possible. I can't find a full walkthrough anywhere for what I'm looking for, so I thought I'd put up this question, and if people can help me on the way I will edit this with the answers, and document my progress/pitfalls. Hopefully someday this will help someone down the line. The details: CentOS 5.5 x86_64 httpd: Apache/2.2.3 mysql: 5.0.77 (to be upgraded) php: 5.1 (to be upgraded) The requirements: SECURITY!! Secure file transfer Secure client access (SSL Certs and CA) Secure data storage Virtualhosts/multiple subdomains Local email would be nice, but not critical The Steps: Download latest CentOS DVD-iso (torrent worked great for me). Install CentOS: While going through the install, I checked the Server Components option thinking I was going to be using another Plesk-like admin. In hindsight, considering I've decided to try to go my own way, this probably wasn't the best idea. Basic config: Setup users, networking/ip address etc. Yum update/upgrade. Upgrade PHP/MySQL: To upgrade PHP and MySQL to the latest versions, I had to look to another repo outside CentOS. IUS looks great and I'm happy I found it! Add IUS repository to our package manager cd /tmp wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh epel-release-1-1.ius.el5.noarch.rpm wget http://dl.iuscommunity.org/pub/ius/stable/Redhat/5/x86_64/ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm rpm -Uvh ius-release-1-4.ius.el5.noarch.rpm yum list | grep -w \.ius\. # list all the packages in the IUS repository; use this to find PHP/MySQL version and libraries you want to install Remove old version of PHP and install newer version from IUS rpm -qa | grep php # to list all of the installed php packages we want to remove yum shell # open an interactive yum shell remove php-common php-mysql php-cli #remove installed PHP components install php53 php53-mysql php53-cli php53-common #add packages you want transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell php -v PHP 5.3.2 (cli) (built: Apr 6 2010 18:13:45) Upgrade MySQL from IUS repository /etc/init.d/mysqld stop rpm -qa | grep mysql # to see installed mysql packages yum shell remove mysql mysql-server #remove installed MySQL components install mysql51 mysql51-server mysql51-devel transaction solve #important!! checks for dependencies transaction run #important!! does the actual installation of packages. [control+d] #exit yum shell service mysqld start mysql -v Server version: 5.1.42-ius Distributed by The IUS Community Project Upgrade instructions courtesy of IUS wiki: http://wiki.iuscommunity.org/Doc/ClientUsageGuide Install rssh (restricted shell) to provide scp and sftp access, without allowing ssh login cd /tmp wget http://dag.wieers.com/rpm/packages/rssh/rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm rpm -ivh rssh-2.3.2-1.2.el5.rf.x86_64.rpm useradd -m -d /home/dev -s /usr/bin/rssh dev passwd dev Edit /etc/rssh.conf to grant access to SFTP to rssh users. vi /etc/rssh.conf Uncomment or add: allowscp allowsftp This allows me to connect to the machine via SFTP protocol in Transmit (my FTP program of choice; I'm sure it's similar with other FTP apps). rssh instructions appropriated (with appreciation!) from http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-unix-restrict-shell-access-with-rssh.html Set up virtual interfaces ifconfig eth1:1 192.168.1.3 up #start up the virtual interface cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ cp ifcfg-eth1 ifcfg-eth1:1 #copy default script and match name to our virtual interface vi ifcfg-eth1:1 #modify eth1:1 script #ifcfg-eth1:1 | modify so it looks like this: DEVICE=eth1:1 IPADDR=192.168.1.3 NETMASK=255.255.255.0 NETWORK=192.168.1.0 ONBOOT=yes NAME=eth1:1 Add more Virtual interfaces as needed by repeating. Because of the ONBOOT=yes line in the ifcfg-eth1:1 file, this interface will be brought up when the system boots, or the network starts/restarts. service network restart Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ] Shutting down interface eth1: [ OK ] Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth0: [ OK ] Bringing up interface eth1: [ OK ] ping 192.168.1.3 64 bytes from 192.168.1.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.105 ms Virtualhosts In the rssh section above I added a user to use for SFTP. In this users' home directory, I created a folder called 'https'. This is where the documents for this site will live, so I need to add a virtualhost that will point to it. I will use the above virtual interface for this site (herein called dev.site.local). vi /etc/http/conf/httpd.conf Add the following to the end of httpd.conf: <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:80> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> I put a dummy index.html file in the https directory just to check everything out. I tried browsing to it, and was met with permission denied errors. The logs only gave an obscure reference to what was going on: [Mon May 17 14:57:11 2010] [error] [client 192.168.1.100] (13)Permission denied: access to /index.html denied I tried chmod 777 et. al., but to no avail. Turns out, I needed to chmod+x the https directory and its' parent directories. chmod +x /home chmod +x /home/dev chmod +x /home/dev/https This solved that problem. DNS I'm handling DNS via our local Windows Server 2003 box. However, the CentOS documentation for BIND can be found here: http://www.centos.org/docs/5/html/Deployment_Guide-en-US/ch-bind.html SSL To get SSL working, I changed the following in httpd.conf: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 #make sure this line is in httpd.conf <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> #change port to 443 ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Unfortunately, I keep getting (Error code: ssl_error_rx_record_too_long) errors when trying to access a page with SSL. As JamesHannah gracefully pointed out below, I had not set up the locations of the certs in httpd.conf, and thusly was getting the page thrown at the broswer as the cert making the browser balk. So first, I needed to set up a CA and make certificate files. I found a great (if old) walkthrough on the process here: http://www.debian-administration.org/articles/284. Here are the relevant steps I took from that article: mkdir /home/CA cd /home/CA/ mkdir newcerts private echo '01' > serial touch index.txt #this and the above command are for the database that will keep track of certs Create an openssl.cnf file in the /home/CA/ dir and edit it per the walkthrough linked above. (For reference, my finished openssl.cnf file looked like this: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=hnZDij4T) openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 -config ./openssl.cnf #this creates the cacert.pem which gets distributed and imported to the browser(s) Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl req -new -nodes -out dev.req.pem -config ./openssl.cnf #generates certificate request, and key.pem which I renamed dev.key.pem. Modified openssl.cnf again per walkthrough instructions. openssl ca -out dev.cert.pem -config ./openssl.cnf -infiles dev.req.pem #create and sign certificate. cp dev.cert.pem /home/dev/certs/cert.pem cp dev.key.pem /home/certs/key.pem I updated httpd.conf to reflect the certs and turn SSLEngine on: NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443 <VirtualHost 192.168.1.3:443> ServerAdmin [email protected] DocumentRoot /home/dev/https SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /home/dev/certs/cert.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /home/dev/certs/key.pem ServerName dev.site.local ErrorLog /home/dev/logs/error_log TransferLog /home/dev/logs/access_log </VirtualHost> Put the CA cert.pem in a web-accessible place, and downloaded/imported it into my browser. Now I can visit https://dev.site.local with no errors or warnings. And this is where I'm at. I will keep editing this as I make progress. Any tips on how to configure SSL email would be appreciated.

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Unable to PPTP through NAT on Cisco 881

- by MasterRoot24

I'm trying to connect to a PPTP server which is sat behind a Cisco 881 NAT router. The server is running Ubuntu Server 12.04 and is running Poptop pptpd as the PPTP daemon listening for connections. As discussed in my other question, I'm trying to setup a Cisco 881 router to replace my old Linksys WAG320N. This same server and WAN connection worked fine with the WAG320N with no special configuration, other than allowing 1723 in through the firewall. On the Cisco 881, I'm using the newer ip nat enable or NAT NVI to setup static routes in through the firewall for the services running behind the router. My reason being that I can't run another copy of my live DNS domains internally with local IP addresses in. For the purposes of this question, though, I have rebuilt the router with ip nat inside/outside style NAT'ing, but this issue is still apparent. HTTP/SMTP/IMAP etc. all work ok from both the WAN and LAN interfaces of the router. I'm only having issues with SIP (see other question) and PPTP. My issue is that the GRE doesn't appear to be passing through NAT correctly and one end of the connection is not receiving GRE traffic when it should be, so the server hangs up the connection. Here's an example of /var/log/syslog with debug enabled in /etc/pptpd.conf: Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: MGR: Launching /usr/sbin/pptpctrl to handle client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: local address = 192.168.1.50 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: remote address = 192.168.1.51 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: pppd options file = /etc/ppp/pptpd-options Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Client 82.132.248.216 control connection started Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 1) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Made a START CTRL CONN RPLY packet Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: I wrote 156 bytes to the client. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Sent packet to client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 7) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Set parameters to 100000000 maxbps, 64 window size Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Made a OUT CALL RPLY packet Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Starting call (launching pppd, opening GRE) Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: pty_fd = 6 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: tty_fd = 7 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: I wrote 32 bytes to the client. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Sent packet to client Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): program binary = /usr/sbin/pppd Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): local address = 192.168.1.50 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22627]: CTRL (PPPD Launcher): remote address = 192.168.1.51 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Plugin /usr/lib/pptpd/pptpd-logwtmp.so loaded. Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: pppd 2.4.5 started by root, uid 0 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Using interface ppp0 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Connect: ppp0 <--> /dev/pts/3 Dec 11 21:06:30 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: GRE: Bad checksum from pppd. Dec 11 21:06:31 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Received PPTP Control Message (type: 15) Dec 11 21:06:31 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Got a SET LINK INFO packet with standard ACCMs Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: LCP: timeout sending Config-Requests Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Connection terminated. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> avahi-daemon[1042]: Withdrawing workstation service for ppp0. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Modem hangup Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pppd[22627]: Exit. Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: GRE: read(fd=6,buffer=6075a0,len=8196) from PTY failed: status = -1 error = Input/output error, usually caused by unexpected termination of pppd, check option syntax and pppd logs Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: PTY read or GRE write failed (pty,gre)=(6,7) Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Reaping child PPP[22627] Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Client 82.132.248.216 control connection finished Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[22626]: CTRL: Exiting now Dec 11 21:07:00 <HOSTNAME> pptpd[5803]: MGR: Reaped child 22626 As far as Cisco are concerned, all I need is ip nat source static tcp <SERVER LAN IP> 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 but of course this doesn't seem to the be helping the GRE traffic through as it should. Trying the connection to the LAN IP of the server from the same LAN as the server (behind the router), the PPTP connection works fine, so I'm confident that the server's config is ok. Furthermore, all I needed on my WAG320N was to open 1723 in the firewall. Here's my current router config: ! ! Last configuration change at 20:20:15 UTC Tue Dec 11 2012 by xxx version 15.2 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname xxx ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! ! enable secret 4 xxxx ! aaa new-model ! ! aaa authentication login local_auth local ! ! ! ! ! aaa session-id common ! memory-size iomem 10 ! crypto pki trustpoint TP-self-signed-xxx enrollment selfsigned subject-name cn=IOS-Self-Signed-Certificate-xxx revocation-check none rsakeypair TP-self-signed-xxx ! ! crypto pki certificate chain TP-self-signed-xxx certificate self-signed 01 xxx quit ip gratuitous-arps ip auth-proxy max-login-attempts 5 ip admission max-login-attempts 5 ! ! ! ! ! ip domain list dmz.xxx.local ip domain list xxx.local ip domain name dmz.xxx.local ip name-server 192.168.1.x ip cef login block-for 3 attempts 3 within 3 no ipv6 cef ! ! multilink bundle-name authenticated license udi pid CISCO881-SEC-K9 sn xxx ! ! username admin privilege 15 secret 4 xxx username joe secret 4 xxx ! ! ! ! ! ip ssh time-out 60 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet1 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet3 switchport access vlan 2 no ip address ! interface FastEthernet4 ip address dhcp ip nat enable duplex auto speed auto ! interface Vlan1 ip address 192.168.1.x 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects no ip unreachables no ip proxy-arp ip nat enable ! interface Vlan2 ip address 192.168.0.x 255.255.255.0 ! ip forward-protocol nd ip http server ip http access-class 1 ip http authentication local ip http secure-server ! ! ip nat source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source list 2 interface FastEthernet4 overload ip nat source static tcp 192.168.1.x 1723 interface FastEthernet4 1723 ! ! access-list 1 permit 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 2 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 ! ! ! ! control-plane ! ! banner motd Authorized Access only ! line con 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line aux 0 exec-timeout 15 0 login authentication local_auth line vty 0 4 access-class 2 in login authentication local_auth length 0 transport input all ! ! end UPDATE 16/12/2012: The only progress that I have been able to make on this issue is that I'm confident that the issue is caused by the GRE tunnels (which are required for the PPTP connection to complete) are being blocked. When attempting a connection, I can see in show ip nat nvi translations that both a TCP translation on 1723 is setup and also a GRE translation is setup also. I appear to be able to see GRE related packets on the LAN that the server is on, so I am lead to believe that the server is sending(?) GRE packets, however running Wireshark on a client PC when attempting a connection shows absolutely no GRE packets. Whilst there are no configuration directives in my config posted above (that I can pin point) which would specifically block them, it would appear that the GRE packets are not being allowed in/out of the router's firewall, even though a NAT translation entry is setup to the server's LAN address. Would anyone be able to provide me with some help to ensure that GRE packets are not blocked by the router's firewall, so that this can be ruled out as a possible issue please?

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Scripting with the Sun ZFS Storage 7000 Appliance

- by Geoff Ongley

The Sun ZFS Storage 7000 appliance has a user friendly and easy to understand graphical web based interface we call the "BUI" or "Browser User Interface".This interface is very useful for many tasks, but in some cases a script (or workflow) may be more appropriate, such as:Repetitive tasksTasks which work on (or obtain information about) a large number of shares or usersTasks which are triggered by an alert threshold (workflows)Tasks where you want a only very basic input, but a consistent output (workflows)The appliance scripting language is based on ECMAscript 3 (close to javascript). I'm not going to cover ECMAscript 3 in great depth (I'm far from an expert here), but I would like to show you some neat things you can do with the appliance, to get you started based on what I have found from my own playing around.I'm making the assumption you have some sort of programming background, and understand variables, arrays, functions to some extent - but of course if something is not clear, please let me know so I can fix it up or clarify it.Variable Declarations and ArraysVariablesECMAScript is a dynamically and weakly typed language. If you don't know what that means, google is your friend - but at a high level it means we can just declare variables with no specific type and on the fly.For example, I can declare a variable and use it straight away in the middle of my code, for example:projects=list();Which makes projects an array of values that are returned from the list(); function (which is usable in most contexts). With this kind of variable, I can do things like:projects.length (this property on array tells you how many objects are in it, good for for loops etc). Alternatively, I could say:projects=3;and now projects is just a simple number.Should we declare variables like this so loosely? In my opinion, the answer is no - I feel it is a better practice to declare variables you are going to use, before you use them - and given them an initial value. You can do so as follows:var myVariable=0;To demonstrate the ability to just randomly assign and change the type of variables, you can create a simple script at the cli as follows (bold for input):fishy10:> script("." to run)> run("cd /");("." to run)> run ("shares");("." to run)> var projects;("." to run)> projects=list();("." to run)> printf("Number of projects is: %d\n",projects.length);("." to run)> projects=152;("." to run)> printf("Value of the projects variable as an integer is now: %d\n",projects);("." to run)> .Number of projects is: 7Value of the projects variable as an integer is now: 152You can also confirm this behaviour by checking the typeof variable we are dealing with:fishy10:> script("." to run)> run("cd /");("." to run)> run ("shares");("." to run)> var projects;("." to run)> projects=list();("." to run)> printf("var projects is of type %s\n",typeof(projects));("." to run)> projects=152;("." to run)> printf("var projects is of type %s\n",typeof(projects));("." to run)> .var projects is of type objectvar projects is of type numberArraysSo you likely noticed that we have already touched on arrays, as the list(); (in the shares context) stored an array into the 'projects' variable.But what if you want to declare your own array? Easy! This is very similar to Java and other languages, we just instantiate a brand new "Array" object using the keyword new:var myArray = new Array();will create an array called "myArray".A quick example:fishy10:> script("." to run)> testArray = new Array();("." to run)> testArray[0]="This";("." to run)> testArray[1]="is";("." to run)> testArray[2]="just";("." to run)> testArray[3]="a";("." to run)> testArray[4]="test";("." to run)> for (i=0; i < testArray.length; i++)("." to run)> {("." to run)> printf("Array element %d is %s\n",i,testArray[i]);("." to run)> }("." to run)> .Array element 0 is ThisArray element 1 is isArray element 2 is justArray element 3 is aArray element 4 is testWorking With LoopsFor LoopFor loops are very similar to those you will see in C, java and several other languages. One of the key differences here is, as you were made aware earlier, we can be a bit more sloppy with our variable declarations.The general way you would likely use a for loop is as follows:for (variable; test-case; modifier for variable){}For example, you may wish to declare a variable i as 0; and a MAX_ITERATIONS variable to determine how many times this loop should repeat:var i=0;var MAX_ITERATIONS=10;And then, use this variable to be tested against some case existing (has i reached MAX_ITERATIONS? - if not, increment i using i++);for (i=0; i < MAX_ITERATIONS; i++){ // some work to do}So lets run something like this on the appliance:fishy10:> script("." to run)> var i=0;("." to run)> var MAX_ITERATIONS=10;("." to run)> for (i=0; i < MAX_ITERATIONS; i++)("." to run)> {("." to run)> printf("The number is %d\n",i);("." to run)> }("." to run)> .The number is 0The number is 1The number is 2The number is 3The number is 4The number is 5The number is 6The number is 7The number is 8The number is 9While LoopWhile loops again are very similar to other languages, we loop "while" a condition is met. For example:fishy10:> script("." to run)> var isTen=false;("." to run)> var counter=0;("." to run)> while(isTen==false)("." to run)> {("." to run)> if (counter==10) ("." to run)> { ("." to run)> isTen=true; ("." to run)> } ("." to run)> printf("Counter is %d\n",counter);("." to run)> counter++; ("." to run)> }("." to run)> printf("Loop has ended and Counter is %d\n",counter);("." to run)> .Counter is 0Counter is 1Counter is 2Counter is 3Counter is 4Counter is 5Counter is 6Counter is 7Counter is 8Counter is 9Counter is 10Loop has ended and Counter is 11So what do we notice here? Something has actually gone wrong - counter will technically be 11 once the loop completes... Why is this?Well, if we have a loop like this, where the 'while' condition that will end the loop may be set based on some other condition(s) existing (such as the counter has reached 10) - we must ensure that we terminate this iteration of the loop when the condition is met - otherwise the rest of the code will be followed which may not be desirable. In other words, like in other languages, we will only ever check the loop condition once we are ready to perform the next iteration, so any other code after we set "isTen" to be true, will still be executed as we can see it was above.We can avoid this by adding a break into our loop once we know we have set the condition - this will stop the rest of the logic being processed in this iteration (and as such, counter will not be incremented). So lets try that again:fishy10:> script("." to run)> var isTen=false;("." to run)> var counter=0;("." to run)> while(isTen==false)("." to run)> {("." to run)> if (counter==10) ("." to run)> { ("." to run)> isTen=true; ("." to run)> break;("." to run)> } ("." to run)> printf("Counter is %d\n",counter);("." to run)> counter++; ("." to run)> }("." to run)> printf("Loop has ended and Counter is %d\n", counter);("." to run)> .Counter is 0Counter is 1Counter is 2Counter is 3Counter is 4Counter is 5Counter is 6Counter is 7Counter is 8Counter is 9Loop has ended and Counter is 10Much better!Methods to Obtain and Manipulate DataGet MethodThe get method allows you to get simple properties from an object, for example a quota from a user. The syntax is fairly simple:var myVariable=get('property');An example of where you may wish to use this, is when you are getting a bunch of information about a user (such as quota information when in a shares context):var users=list();for(k=0; k < users.length; k++){ user=users[k]; run('select ' + user); var username=get('name'); var usage=get('usage'); var quota=get('quota');...Which you can then use to your advantage - to print or manipulate infomation (you could change a user's information with a set method, based on the information returned from the get method). The set method is explained next.Set MethodThe set method can be used in a simple manner, similar to get. The syntax for set is:set('property','value'); // where value is a string, if it was a number, you don't need quotesFor example, we could set the quota on a share as follows (first observing the initial value):fishy10:shares default/test-geoff> script("." to run)> var currentQuota=get('quota');("." to run)> printf("Current Quota is: %s\n",currentQuota);("." to run)> set('quota','30G');("." to run)> run('commit');("." to run)> currentQuota=get('quota');("." to run)> printf("Current Quota is: %s\n",currentQuota);("." to run)> .Current Quota is: 0Current Quota is: 32212254720This shows us using both the get and set methods as can be used in scripts, of course when only setting an individual share, the above is overkill - it would be much easier to set it manually at the cli using 'set quota=3G' and then 'commit'.List MethodThe list method can be very powerful, especially in more complex scripts which iterate over large amounts of data and manipulate it if so desired. The general way you will use list is as follows:var myVar=list();Which will make "myVar" an array, containing all the objects in the relevant context (this could be a list of users, shares, projects, etc). You can then gather or manipulate data very easily.We could list all the shares and mountpoints in a given project for example:fishy10:shares another-project> script("." to run)> var shares=list();("." to run)> for (i=0; i < shares.length; i++)("." to run)> {("." to run)> run('select ' + shares[i]);("." to run)> var mountpoint=get('mountpoint');("." to run)> printf("Share %s discovered, has mountpoint %s\n",shares[i],mountpoint);("." to run)> run('done');("." to run)> }("." to run)> .Share and-another discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/and-anotherShare another-share discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/another-shareShare bob discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-projectShare more-shares-for-all discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/more-shares-for-allShare yep discovered, has mountpoint /export/another-project/yepWriting More Complex and Re-Usable CodeFunctionsThe best way to be able to write more complex code is to use functions to split up repeatable or reusable sections of your code. This also makes your more complex code easier to read and understand for other programmers.We write functions as follows:function functionName(variable1,variable2,...,variableN){}For example, we could have a function that takes a project name as input, and lists shares for that project (assuming we're already in the 'project' context - context is important!):function getShares(proj){ run('select ' + proj); shares=list(); printf("Project: %s\n", proj); for(j=0; j < shares.length; j++) { printf("Discovered share: %s\n",shares[i]); } run('done'); // exit selected project}Commenting your CodeLike any other language, a large part of making it readable and understandable is to comment it. You can use the same comment style as in C and Java amongst other languages.In other words, sngle line comments use://at the beginning of the comment.Multi line comments use:/*at the beginning, and:*/ at the end.For example, here we will use both:fishy10:> script("." to run)> // This is a test comment("." to run)> printf("doing some work...\n");("." to run)> /* This is a multi-line("." to run)> comment which I will span across("." to run)> three lines in total */("." to run)> printf("doing some more work...\n");("." to run)> .doing some work...doing some more work...Your comments do not have to be on their own, they can begin (particularly with single line comments this is handy) at the end of a statement, for examplevar projects=list(); // The variable projects is an array containing all projects on the system.Try and Catch StatementsYou may be used to using try and catch statements in other languages, and they can (and should) be utilised in your code to catch expected or unexpected error conditions, that you do NOT wish to stop your code from executing (if you do not catch these errors, your script will exit!):try{ // do some work}catch(err) // Catch any error that could occur{ // do something here under the error condition}For example, you may wish to only execute some code if a context can be reached. If you can't perform certain actions under certain circumstances, that may be perfectly acceptable.For example if you want to test a condition that only makes sense when looking at a SMB/NFS share, but does not make sense when you hit an iscsi or FC LUN, you don't want to stop all processing of other shares you may not have covered yet.For example we may wish to obtain quota information on all shares for all users on a share (but this makes no sense for a LUN):function getShareQuota(shar) // Get quota for each user of this share{ run('select ' + shar); printf(" SHARE: %s\n", shar); try { run('users'); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %3s\n","Username","Usage(G)","Quota(G)","Quota(%)"); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %4s\n","--------","--------","--------","----"); users=list(); for(k=0; k < users.length; k++) { user=users[k]; getUserQuota(user); } run('done'); // exit user context } catch(err) { printf(" SKIPPING %s - This is NOT a NFS or CIFs share, not looking for users\n", shar); } run('done'); // done with this share}Running Scripts Remotely over SSHAs you have likely noticed, writing and running scripts for all but the simplest jobs directly on the appliance is not going to be a lot of fun.There's a couple of choices on what you can do here:Create scripts on a remote system and run them over sshCreate scripts, wrapping them in workflow code, so they are stored on the appliance and can be triggered under certain circumstances (like a threshold being reached)We'll cover the first one here, and then cover workflows later on (as these are for the most part just scripts with some wrapper information around them).Creating a SSH Public/Private SSH Key PairLog on to your handy Solaris box (You wouldn't be using any other OS, right? :P) and use ssh-keygen to create a pair of ssh keys. I'm storing this separate to my normal key:[geoff@lightning ~] ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 1024Generating public/private rsa key pair.Enter file in which to save the key (/export/home/geoff/.ssh/id_rsa): /export/home/geoff/.ssh/nas_key_rsaEnter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /export/home/geoff/.ssh/nas_key_rsa.Your public key has been saved in /export/home/geoff/.ssh/nas_key_rsa.pub.The key fingerprint is:7f:3d:53:f0:2a:5e:8b:2d:94:2a:55:77:66:5c:9b:14 geoff@lightningInstalling the Public Key on the ApplianceOn your Solaris host, observe the public key:[geoff@lightning ~] cat .ssh/nas_key_rsa.pub ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAvYfK3RIaAYmMHBOvyhKM41NaSmcgUMC3igPN5gUKJQvSnYmjuWG6CBr1CkF5UcDji7v19jG3qAD5lAMFn+L0CxgRr8TNaAU+hA4/tpAGkjm+dKYSyJgEdMIURweyyfUFXoerweR8AWW5xlovGKEWZTAfvJX9Zqvh8oMQ5UJLUUc= geoff@lightningNow, copy and paste everything after "ssh-rsa" and before "user@hostname" - in this case, geoff@lightning. That is, this bit:AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAvYfK3RIaAYmMHBOvyhKM41NaSmcgUMC3igPN5gUKJQvSnYmjuWG6CBr1CkF5UcDji7v19jG3qAD5lAMFn+L0CxgRr8TNaAU+hA4/tpAGkjm+dKYSyJgEdMIURweyyfUFXoerweR8AWW5xlovGKEWZTAfvJX9Zqvh8oMQ5UJLUUc=Logon to your appliance and get into the preferences -> keys area for this user (root):[geoff@lightning ~] ssh [email protected]: Last login: Mon Dec 6 17:13:28 2010 from 192.168.0.2fishy10:> configuration usersfishy10:configuration users> select rootfishy10:configuration users root> preferences fishy10:configuration users root preferences> keysOR do it all in one hit:fishy10:> configuration users select root preferences keysNow, we create a new public key that will be accepted for this user and set the type to RSA:fishy10:configuration users root preferences keys> createfishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> set type=RSASet the key itself using the string copied previously (between ssh-rsa and user@host), and set the key ensuring you put double quotes around it (eg. set key="<key>"):fishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> set key="AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAIEAvYfK3RIaAYmMHBOvyhKM41NaSmcgUMC3igPN5gUKJQvSnYmjuWG6CBr1CkF5UcDji7v19jG3qAD5lAMFn+L0CxgRr8TNaAU+hA4/tpAGkjm+dKYSyJgEdMIURweyyfUFXoerweR8AWW5xlovGKEWZTAfvJX9Zqvh8oMQ5UJLUUc="Now set the comment for this key (do not use spaces):fishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> set comment="LightningRSAKey" Commit the new key:fishy10:configuration users root preferences key (uncommitted)> commitVerify the key is there:fishy10:configuration users root preferences keys> lsKeys:NAME MODIFIED TYPE COMMENT key-000 2010-10-25 20:56:42 RSA cycloneRSAKey key-001 2010-12-6 17:44:53 RSA LightningRSAKey As you can see, we now have my new key, and a previous key I have created on this appliance.Running your Script over SSH from a Remote SystemHere I have created a basic test script, and saved it as test.ecma3:[geoff@lightning ~] cat test.ecma3 script// This is a test script, By Geoff Ongley 2010.printf("Testing script remotely over ssh\n");.Now, we can run this script remotely with our keyless login:[geoff@lightning ~] ssh -i .ssh/nas_key_rsa root@fishy10 < test.ecma3Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.Testing script remotely over sshPutting it Together - An Example Completed Quota Gathering ScriptSo now we have a lot of the basics to creating a script, let us do something useful, like, find out how much every user is using, on every share on the system (you will recognise some of the code from my previous examples): script/************************************** Quick and Dirty Quota Check script ** Written By Geoff Ongley ** 25 October 2010 **************************************/function getUserQuota(usr){ run('select ' + usr); var username=get('name'); var usage=get('usage'); var quota=get('quota'); var usage_g=usage / 1073741824; // convert bytes to gigabytes var quota_g=quota / 1073741824; // as above var quota_percent=0 if (quota > 0) { quota_percent=(usage / quota)*(100/1); } printf(" %20s %8.2f %8.2f %d%%\n",username,usage_g,quota_g,quota_percent); run('done'); // done with this selected user}function getShareQuota(shar){ //printf("DEBUG: selecting share %s\n", shar); run('select ' + shar); printf(" SHARE: %s\n", shar); try { run('users'); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %3s\n","Username","Usage(G)","Quota(G)","Quota(%)"); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %4s\n","--------","--------","--------","--------"); users=list(); for(k=0; k < users.length; k++) { user=users[k]; getUserQuota(user); } run('done'); // exit user context } catch(err) { printf(" SKIPPING %s - This is NOT a NFS or CIFs share, not looking for users\n", shar); } run('done'); // done with this share}function getShares(proj){ //printf("DEBUG: selecting project %s\n",proj); run('select ' + proj); shares=list(); printf("Project: %s\n", proj); for(j=0; j < shares.length; j++) { share=shares[j]; getShareQuota(share); } run('done'); // exit selected project}function getProjects(){ run('cd /'); run('shares'); projects=list(); for (i=0; i < projects.length; i++) { var project=projects[i]; getShares(project); } run('done'); // exit context for all projects}getProjects();.Which can be run as follows, and will print information like this:[geoff@lightning ~/FISHWORKS_SCRIPTS] ssh -i ~/.ssh/nas_key_rsa root@fishy10 < get_quota_utilisation.ecma3Pseudo-terminal will not be allocated because stdin is not a terminal.Project: another-project SHARE: and-another Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- nobody 0.00 0.00 0% geoffro 0.05 0.00 0% Billy 0.10 0.00 0% root 0.00 0.00 0% testing-user 0.05 0.00 0% SHARE: another-share Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- root 0.00 0.00 0% nobody 0.00 0.00 0% geoffro 0.05 0.49 9% testing-user 0.05 0.02 249% Billy 0.10 0.29 33% SHARE: bob Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- nobody 0.00 0.00 0% root 0.00 0.00 0% SHARE: more-shares-for-all Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- Billy 0.10 0.00 0% testing-user 0.05 0.00 0% nobody 0.00 0.00 0% root 0.00 0.00 0% geoffro 0.05 0.00 0% SHARE: yep Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- root 0.00 0.00 0% nobody 0.00 0.00 0% Billy 0.10 0.01 999% testing-user 0.05 0.49 9% geoffro 0.05 0.00 0%Project: default SHARE: Test-LUN SKIPPING Test-LUN - This is NOT a NFS or CIFs share, not looking for users SHARE: test-geoff Username Usage(G) Quota(G) Quota(%) -------- -------- -------- -------- geoffro 0.05 0.00 0% root 3.18 10.00 31% uucp 0.00 0.00 0% nobody 0.59 0.49 119%^CKilled by signal 2.Creating a WorkflowWorkflows are scripts that we store on the appliance, and can have the script execute either on request (even from the BUI), or on an event such as a threshold being met.Workflow BasicsA workflow allows you to create a simple process that can be executed either via the BUI interface interactively, or by an alert being raised (for some threshold being reached, for example).The basics parameters you will have to set for your "workflow object" (notice you're creating a variable, that embodies ECMAScript) are as follows (parameters is optional):name: A name for this workflowdescription: A Description for the workflowparameters: A set of input parameters (useful when you need user input to execute the workflow)execute: The code, the script itself to execute, which will be function (parameters)With parameters, you can specify things like this (slightly modified sample taken from the System Administration Guide): ...parameters: variableParam1: { label: 'Name of Share', type: 'String' }, variableParam2 { label: 'Share Size', type: 'size' },execute: ....}; Note the commas separating the sections of name, parameters, execute, and so on. This is important!Also - there is plenty of properties you can set on the parameters for your workflow, these are described in the Sun ZFS Storage System Administration Guide.Creating a Basic Workflow from a Basic ScriptTo make a basic script into a basic workflow, you need to wrap the following around your script to create a 'workflow' object:var workflow = {name: 'Get User Quotas',description: 'Displays Quota Utilisation for each user on each share',execute: function() {// (basic script goes here, minus the "script" at the beginning, and "." at the end)}};However, it appears (at least in my experience to date) that the workflow object may only be happy with one function in the execute parameter - either that or I'm doing something wrong. As far as I can tell, after execute: you should only have a basic one function context like so:execute: function(){}To deal with this, and to give an example similar to our script earlier, I have created another simple quota check, to show the same basic functionality, but in a workflow format:var workflow = {name: 'Get User Quotas',description: 'Displays Quota Utilisation for each user on each share',execute: function () { run('cd /'); run('shares'); projects=list(); for (i=0; i < projects.length; i++) { run('select ' + projects[i]); shares=list('filesystem'); printf("Project: %s\n", projects[i]); for(j=0; j < shares.length; j++) { run('select ' +shares[j]); try { run('users'); printf(" SHARE: %s\n", shares[j]); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %3s\n","Username","Usage(G)","Quota(G)","Quota(%)"); printf(" %20s %11s %11s %4s\n","--------","--------","--------","-------"); users=list(); for(k=0; k < users.length; k++) { run('select ' + users[k]); username=get('name'); usage=get('usage'); quota=get('quota'); usage_g=usage / 1073741824; // convert bytes to gigabytes quota_g=quota / 1073741824; // as above quota_percent=0 if (quota > 0) { quota_percent=(usage / quota)*(100/1); } printf(" %20s %8.2f %8.2f %d%%\n",username,usage_g,quota_g,quota_percent); run('done'); } run('done'); // exit user context } catch(err) { // printf(" %s is a LUN, Not looking for users\n", shares[j]); } run('done'); // exit selected share context } run('done'); // exit project context } }};SummaryThe Sun ZFS Storage 7000 Appliance offers lots of different and interesting features to Sun/Oracle customers, including the world renowned Analytics. Hopefully the above will help you to think of new creative things you could be doing by taking advantage of one of the other neat features, the internal scripting engine!Some references are below to help you continue learning more, I'll update this post as I do the same! Enjoy...More information on ECMAScript 3A complete reference to ECMAScript 3 which will help you learn more of the details you may be interested in, can be found here:http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%203rd%20edition,%20December%201999.pdfMore Information on Administering the Sun ZFS Storage 7000The Sun ZFS Storage 7000 System Administration guide can be a useful reference point, and can be found here:http://wikis.sun.com/download/attachments/186238602/2010_Q3_2_ADMIN.pdf

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Android - Emulator internet access

- by teepusink

Hi, I've been using this method to gain access to internet from my Android emulator emulator -http-proxy < -avd < It works but is that the best way to do it? It just doesn't feel right that I need to open the emulator from command line and can't just do it from Eclipse or something. Can't seem to find an internet option on the "AVD Manager" either. Thanks, Tee

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Heavily customized split view controller in iPad app -- how?

- by Macatomy

I was going through some of the early screenshots of the first iPad apps and I came upon this: I'm just wondering, how is this done? Mainly, how has the detail view section of the split view been given a drop shadow and rounded corners, and for lack of better phrasing, how has it been "separated" from the master view (the default split view template has the master and detail view joined together with nothing but a vertical line separating the two)?

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Python error : TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +=: 'dict' and 'str'

- by user2962401

I am getting the error TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +=: 'dict' and 'str' on this line of code : payload += "\x00" * (509 - len(payload)) the payload is: 'S\x96#:\x04\x04R\x1alD\x02\x04\x04V;\x15&\x06\x10 \x01' and what it should do is pad the payload until the length of the payload is 509 bytes long, but I do not understand this error, what does it mean and how can I solve it?

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Android programming. Application stopped unexpectedly.

- by user277704

I've just created a prototype of interface for my android app and tried to run it. Unfortunately I get an error that my app has stopped unexpectedly (my reputation doesn't allow me to post images so follow my links): screenshot of error message This is layout mode of editing. Everything looks as I want so there shouldn't be errors: mobileka.freehostia.com/3.png (I can post only one hyperlink...) This is my main.xml code: <code> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:gravity="top" android:background="@drawable/back" > <TextView android:id="@+id/score" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text = "@string/scoreT" android:textColor="@string/scoreColor" android:gravity = "left" android:typeface="serif" android:textStyle="bold|italic" android:textSize="16sp" android:paddingLeft = "10px" android:paddingTop="4px"/ <TextView android:id = "@+id/scoreTxt" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/score" android:textSize="16sp" android:paddingTop = "5px" android:paddingLeft="4px" android:typeface="serif" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text=" 0" android:textColor="@string/scoreTextColor" android:gravity = "left"/> <TextView android:id = "@+id/scoreSeparator" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/scoreTxt" android:textSize="16sp" android:paddingTop = "3px" android:paddingLeft="4px" android:typeface="serif" android:textStyle="bold" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="|" android:textColor="@string/scoreColor" android:gravity = "left"/> <TextView android:id = "@+id/timerTxt" android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:textSize="16sp" android:paddingRight="10px" android:paddingTop="4px" android:typeface="serif" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textColor="@string/scoreTextColor" android:gravity = "right" android:text="00:00" /> <TextView android:id = "@+id/timer" android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/timerTxt" android:textColor="@string/scoreColor" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:textSize="16sp" android:padding = "3px" android:typeface="serif" android:textStyle="bold|italic" android:text="@string/timerT" android:gravity = "left"/> <TextView android:id = "@+id/timerSeparator" android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/timer" android:textSize="16sp" android:paddingTop = "3px" android:paddingLeft="4px" android:typeface="serif" android:textStyle="bold" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="|" android:textColor="@string/scoreColor" android:gravity = "left"/> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonOne" android:layout_below="@+id/score" android:layout_marginTop="40px" android:layout_marginLeft="14px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:clickable="true" android:src="@drawable/inactive"/> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonTwo" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/buttonOne" android:layout_marginTop="63px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonThree" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/buttonTwo" android:layout_marginTop="63px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonFour" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/buttonThree" android:layout_marginTop="63px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonFive" android:layout_below="@+id/buttonOne" android:layout_marginTop="40px" android:layout_marginLeft="14px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonSix" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/buttonFive" android:layout_marginTop="164px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonSeven" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/buttonSix" android:layout_marginTop="164px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonEight" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/buttonSeven" android:layout_marginTop="164px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonNine" android:layout_below="@+id/buttonEight" android:layout_marginTop="40px" android:layout_marginLeft="14px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonTen" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/buttonNine" android:layout_marginTop="264px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonEleven" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/buttonTen" android:layout_marginTop="264px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> <ImageButton android:id="@+id/buttonTwelve" android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/buttonEleven" android:layout_marginTop="264px" android:layout_marginLeft="10px" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:src="@drawable/inactive" /> And this is my logcat errors (p.s. line #12 is the first TextView in main.xml): 03-26 22:59:31.670: WARN/dalvikvm(185): threadid=3: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x4001b188) 03-26 22:59:31.727: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): Uncaught handler: thread main exiting due to uncaught exception 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): java.lang.RuntimeException: Unable to start activity ComponentInfo{kz.androidmarket.www.randomtest1/kz.androidmarket.www.randomtest1.randomTest1}: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #12: Error inflating class 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2496) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2512) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$2200(ActivityThread.java:119) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1863) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:4363) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:860) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:618) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): Caused by: android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file line #12: Error inflating class 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:513) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneLayoutInflater.onCreateView(PhoneLayoutInflater.java:56) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.view.LayoutInflater.createViewFromTag(LayoutInflater.java:563) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.view.LayoutInflater.rInflate(LayoutInflater.java:618) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:407) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:320) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.view.LayoutInflater.inflate(LayoutInflater.java:276) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow.setContentView(PhoneWindow.java:198) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java:1622) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at kz.androidmarket.www.randomtest1.randomTest1.onCreate(randomTest1.java:11) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1047) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2459) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): ... 11 more 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.widget.TextView.(TextView.java:320) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.constructNative(Native Method) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:446) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.view.LayoutInflater.createView(LayoutInflater.java:500) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): ... 22 more 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): Caused by: android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: File #ffff9900 from drawable resource ID #0x7f040002: .xml extension required 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.content.res.Resources.loadColorStateList(Resources.java:1820) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.content.res.TypedArray.getColorStateList(TypedArray.java:289) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): at android.widget.TextView.(TextView.java:627) 03-26 22:59:31.784: ERROR/AndroidRuntime(185): ... 26 more Could anybody help me?

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