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• How do I go back to the initial desktop I got when I first installed the latest Ubuntu?

  - by RichardB

  I researched all the other questions and can't find specifically what I'm asking. I did a new install of Ubuntu 14.04.1 and started adding tweaks. I saw the Cinnamon desktop and it looked cool, but after I installed it (with Gnome), I decided I wanted to have the native Ubuntu 14.04.1 experience. I've got Unity to show up, but the top banner is still different and I want it just like it was in the initial install. I've added about 20 updates and upgrades and really don't want to go through all that again. I appreciate your response.

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• Can't SSH to remote server,how to avoid this

  - by snow8261

  From time to time,we suffer problems like we can not remote connect to our server via ssh.So we have to send someone on site to restart the computer for this problem.It causes a lot of pain.The situation is we have to remote connect to our server,which are very important like database server and application server and etc.We have met problems like ssh hang,like command ssh [email protected] with no response. when using ssh -v debug mode, it says : debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: loaded 3 keys and we met this situation many times with no clue how to solve it.Is any log which can identify this problem? or Is there a tool for this problem? help needed!Any idea are appreciated.

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• USB To Serial under OpenSuse 11.3

  - by Exsisto

  I have a LogiLink USB-To-Serial adapter. This has the PL2303 chip inside. When I insert the device: [26064.927083] usb 7-1: new full speed USB device using uhci_hcd and address 9 [26065.076090] usb 7-1: New USB device found, idVendor=067b, idProduct=2303 [26065.076099] usb 7-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0 [26065.076105] usb 7-1: Product: USB-Serial Controller [26065.076110] usb 7-1: Manufacturer: Prolific Technology Inc. [26065.079181] pl2303 7-1:1.0: pl2303 converter detected [26065.091296] usb 7-1: pl2303 converter now attached to ttyUSB0 So the device is recognized and the converter is attached to ttyUSB0. When I do screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600 I get the error: bash: /dev/ttyUSB0: Permission denied So I went looking in the file permissions. ls -l from the /dev folder reports: crw-rw---- 1 root dialout 188, 0 2011-04-26 15:47 ttyUSB0 I added my user lars to the dialout group. When I use the commands groups under lars it shows that I'm in the group. Though I still recieve the permissions denied error, as lars, and as root. I'm trying to connect to a console cable to configure some Cisco switches. My OS is OpenSuse 11.3 x86_64 with kernel version 2.6.34.7-0.7-desktop.

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• Chmod 644 on /etc/ any way to fix?

  - by DazSlayer

  I tried to tab complete something and I guess it wasnt there. I know you are not supposed to set the permissions to /etc/ like that, but my permissions seem to be all messed up. whoami prints out cannot find name for user ID 1002 and I cannot cd into /etc/ anymore. passwd and shadow use 640 and 644 so I am not sure why this is a problem. Regardless, is there any way to fix this? The command run was sudo chmod 644 /etc/ I have no name!@vpn-server:/$ whoami whoami: cannot find name for user ID 1002 I have no name!@vpn-server:/$ cd etc bash: cd: etc: Permission denied I have no name!@vpn-server:/$ ls -al etc d????????? ? ? ? ? ? . d????????? ? ? ? ? ? .. d????????? ? ? ? ? ? acpi -????????? ? ? ? ? ? adduser.conf I have no name!@vpn-server:/$ sudo su sudo: can't open /etc/sudoers: Permission denied

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• Nginx error page with JSON response

  - by Waseem

  I'm trying to serve a maintenance page to clients making request to my application when it is under maintenance. Following is my nginx configuration for that purpose. server { recursive_error_pages on; listen 80; ... if (-f $document_root/maintenance.html) { return 503; } error_page 404 /404.html; error_page 500 502 504 /500.html; error_page 503 @503; location = /404.html { root $document_root; } location = /500.html { root $document_root; } location @503 { error_page 405 =/maintenance.html; if (-f $request_filename) { break; } rewrite ^(.*)$ /maintenance.html break; } } Lets say I have enabled maintenance of my site by creating a $document_root/maintenance.html. This file, correctly, is served when a user makes a request with with Accept header of text/html. $ curl http://server.com/ -i -v -X GET -H "Accept: text/html" * Adding handle: conn: 0xf89420 * Adding handle: send: 0 * Adding handle: recv: 0 * Curl_addHandleToPipeline: length: 1 * - Conn 0 (0xf89420) send_pipe: 1, recv_pipe: 0 * About to connect() to server.com port 80 (#0) * Trying xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx... * Connected to server.com (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.33.0 > Host: server.com > Accept: text/html > < HTTP/1.1 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable HTTP/1.1 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable * Server nginx/1.1.19 is not blacklisted < Server: nginx/1.1.19 Server: nginx/1.1.19 < Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2013 11:16:16 GMT Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2013 11:16:16 GMT < Content-Type: text/html Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 27 Content-Length: 27 < Connection: keep-alive Connection: keep-alive < This is under maintenance. * Connection #0 to host server.com left intact Now some clients set Accept header to application/json. How do I send them a JSON response instead of maintenance.html? Following is the response that I get when setting Accept to application/json. $ curl http://server.com/ -i -v -X GET -H "Accept: application/json" * Adding handle: conn: 0x190c430 * Adding handle: send: 0 * Adding handle: recv: 0 * Curl_addHandleToPipeline: length: 1 * - Conn 0 (0x190c430) send_pipe: 1, recv_pipe: 0 * About to connect() to server.com port 80 (#0) * Trying xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx... * Connected to server.com (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) port 80 (#0) > GET / HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.33.0 > Host: server.com > Accept: application/json > < HTTP/1.1 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable HTTP/1.1 503 Service Temporarily Unavailable * Server nginx/1.1.19 is not blacklisted < Server: nginx/1.1.19 Server: nginx/1.1.19 < Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2013 11:15:50 GMT Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2013 11:15:50 GMT < Content-Type: text/html Content-Type: text/html < Content-Length: 27 Content-Length: 27 < Connection: keep-alive Connection: keep-alive < This is under maintenance. * Connection #0 to host server.com left intact

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• x11vnc is slow, but using only 10% of available bandwidth

  - by mmm

  I am using x11vnc over 15Mbit/s network with 20ms latency. When the screen is changing a lot x11vnc is slow - for example when I switch a tab in a browser, it takes almost two seconds until the view is fully redrawn. The strange thing is that max connection speed of x11vnc is even during slow redrawing only about 10% of the available bandwidth. Why is x11vnc not using available bandwidth to speed the redrawing up? For example scp is using 100% of available bandwidth without problems. How can I identify what is the bottleneck for x11vnc on my system? So far I think: 10% network usage = network is not a bottleneck fb read rate: 601 MB/sec = reading fb is not a bottleneck Any ideas how can I further profile x11vnc and find out what is causing a slowdown? For example is there any switch for x11vnc to show how much data it is handling and how long it takes to grab a screen, process and compress it and send it over the network?

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• "postgres blocked for more than 120 seconds" - is my db still consistent?

  - by nn4l

  I am using an iscsi volume on an Open-E storage system for several virtual machines running on a XenServer host. Occasionally, when there is a very high disk I/O load on the virtual machines (and therefore also on the storage system), I got this error message on the vm consoles: [2594520.161701] INFO: task kjournald:117 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [2594520.161787] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [2594520.162194] INFO: task flush-202:0:229 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [2594520.162274] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. [2594520.162801] INFO: task postgres:1567 blocked for more than 120 seconds. [2594520.162882] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. I understand this error message is caused by the kernel to inform that these processes haven't been run for 120 seconds, most likely because a disk access to the storage system has not yet been processed. But what is the effect on the processes. For example, will the postgres process eventually write its data when the storage system is idle again after a few minutes, so that all data is still consistent? Or will it abort the write, leaving some tables in an inconsistent state? I certainly expect that the former should be the case - if the disk access is slow, postgres (or any other affected process) should just wait as long as it takes. I can live with the application hanging for a few minutes. But if there is a chance for data corruption then any of these errors is really bad news. Please advise what to do here.

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• FileOp Failure on: /......./: Operation not permitted

  - by vipin sahu

  hi im using cpanel when i changes the foler permission i got this error please help FileOp Failure on: /home/public_html/components/com_openinviter: Operation not permitted Thanks

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• List all symbolic links on a directory

  - by Mathias

  Hey, a short question: is it possible to list all symbolic links onto a directory other than running a find over the whole filesystem? Background: I have a directory containing a lot of different versions of a library and I'd like to do some cleanup work and delete the versions which weren't used in any projects. Thanks, Mathias

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• time sync with ntpd

  - by guthrie

  I run Debian on several systems, and their times do not seem to stay in sync. I can run ntpdate manually, but I thought that I should have an ntpd running that would automate that. I did check with apt and apt-cache but don't find any ntpd (or associated ntpq), not any such names in my system (locate...), but ntp-doc does still describe them. Looking around I see that there is an ntpdate-debian command, and it uses /etc/default/ntpdate for servers (instead of the standard /etc/ntp.conf), but even thought that file is there and has "yes" indicated to use ntp.conf, it fails with "no servers can be used", although ntpdate works fine. Is this just a layer over ntpdate, any reason to use it instead? So, why are they missing, do I need them, how do I automate time updates? Associated, two of my machines are virtualized on a MSoft VM, how is it that their clocks drift, and both to different values? (The underlying Windows machine clock seems stable). I see a few old notes about time & ntp problems on VMware, didn't find anything either current or relating to MSoft VMs. Anything I did see says just to use ntpd, but as above, ...?!

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• Read only bind-mount?

  - by depesz

  I use mount -o bind to mount directories inside chroots, which works really well. The problem is that I'd like some of these bind-mounted directories to be read only in chroot. Is it possible? If not - any other way to achieve it? I was thinking about using NFS for localhost mounts, but it looks like overkill.

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• Read-only file system RHEL

  - by gthm geeky

  I am using a RHEL 5.5 on my PC. I was playing around with chmod and chown. suddenly my home folder become read-only. all the folders in /home/goutham/, where goutham is username, became read-only. I can delete files after turning on system for few seconds, after that it says Permission denied:read only file system. I cant even create folder with sudo mkdir also. Please help me. My os is on /dev/sda3

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• Booting Fedora guest VBox on /dev/mapper/vg0-fc17-root

  - by NevilleDNZ

  I already have the following logical volumes: host:/dev/mapper/vg0-fc17-boot (guestOS:/dev/hdb) formatted as ext4 (no partition table) host:/dev/mapper/vg0-fc17-root (guestOS:/dev/hdc) formatted as ext4 (no partition table) Do I have to create the following grub partition to boot a guest VM under VirtualBox? host:/dev/mapper/vg-fc17-mbr (guestOS:/dev/hda) with a partition table and install grub MBR here? Or is there a better way? (Maybe grub on vg0-fc17-boot?)

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• How can I sort out Xephyr's keyboard mapping?

  - by qedi

  When I start up Xephyr inside of X, my keyboard map becomes wonky mostly just for non-printing characters. I can't use arrow keys. According to xev, The down arrow gets mapped to Super_R. The up arrow is Print Screen. PgDown is mapped to "Menu". My keyboard works fine in the original X display (:0), but in the Xephyr subdisplay (:1), nothing else quite works right. I don't have any funky xmodmap things going on in my main X display that I'm aware of. All I really do is setxkbmap -option ctrl:swapcaps.

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• Where to set catch-all address in Postfix (virtual mailboxes in affect)

  - by Cem

  I successfully configured Postfix to deliver messages to virtual mailboxes. I can set aliases and pipes inside /etc/postfix/virtual and mailboxes inside /etc/postfix/virtual_mailbox files. However, whenever I set a catch-all domain and point to a remote email address, it overrides all other virtual mailboxes and virtual aliases set in postfix. How can I set a catch-all forwarding to the remote email address when virtual mailbox is enabled? I set catch-all like this: @mydomain.com [email protected] Thanks for your help!

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• What else is needed to get iptables to log into this file I created?

  - by anthony01

  I want to create the logging of iptables DROP's and intrusion attemps. First, I put --log-prefix "iptables: " at the end of every iptables rules in my iptables rules file. But this doesn't work, as it says there is a syntax error. So where should I put that command? (I would want to have it included in the saved rules file) Secondly, I created a file iptables.conf within /etc/rsyslog.d/, and I put the following inside of it: :msg, startswith, "iptables: " -/var/log/iptables.log & ~ I assume that at this stage, I'm supposed to restart the rsyslog daemon. What else is needed to do what I'm attempting? Thanks a lot

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• Dynamips and Tap Devices, To and From the same machine

  - by Kyle Brandt

  I am setting up a dynamips/dynagen lab and am wondering if there is any way to get traffic to route out one tap devices, go into the lab, and come back to a tap device on the same machine. I have tried host specific routes as well as removing the route created when I give the tun device an ip via ifconfig. With both of these, traffic always preferes the attached devices and won't go through my lab. Any way to make this work without a separate machine or vm?

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• Preventing auto-restart of nautilus on gnome 2.28

  - by Ivan Vucica

  Cheers! I dislike disobedience from my system. When I want to explicitly kill Nautilus with kill or killall, I am no longer able to do so. Previously I could disable this erroneous behavior (which even Windows do not exhibit!) through gnome-session-properties, however, it is no longer possible to set the "restart style" there (or whatever it was called). What is nowadays the correct way to disable nautilus autorestart under gnome? Reasons: I'm writing a piece of software that's painting directly into X11 root window. Nautilus is interfering. Compiz has a wallpapers plugin which Nautilus is painting over.

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• port to subdomain

  - by takeshin

  I have installed Hudson using apt-get, and the Hudson server is available on example.com:8080. For example.com I use standard port *:80 and some virtual hosts set up this way: # /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/subdomain.example.com <Virtualhost *:80> ServerName subdomain.example.com ... </Virtualhost> Here is info about Hudson process: /usr/bin/daemon --name=hudson --inherit --env=HUDSON_HOME=/var/lib/hudson --output=/var/log/hudson/hudson.log --pidfile=/var/run/hudson/hudson.pid -- /usr/bin/java -jar /usr/share/hudson/hudson.war --webroot=/var/run/hudson/war 987 ? Sl 1:08 /usr/bin/java -jar /usr/share/hudson/hudson.war --webroot=/var/run/hudson/war How should I forward: http:// example.com:8080 to: http:// hudson.example.com

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• How to get rid of superuser`s password?

  - by eleonora

  My father put a new superuser password on my laptop, and now i cant access my computer without him putting the password in. I am really helpless. How can i get rid of his superuser control? Can i delete or change the superuser thing? Please help!!!!

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• Limit which processes a user can restart with supervisor?

  - by dvcolgan

  I have used supervisor to manage a Gunicorn process running a Django site, though this question could pertain to anything being managed by supervisor. Previously I was the only person managing and using our server, and supervisor just ran as root and I would use sudo to run supervisorctl restart myapp when needed. Now our server has to support multiple users working on different sites, and each project needs to be able to restart their own gunicorn processes without being able to restart other users' processes. I followed this blog post: http://drumcoder.co.uk/blog/2010/nov/24/running-supervisorctl-non-root/ and was able to allow non-root users to use supervisorctl, but now anyone can restart anyone else's processes. From the looks of it, supervisor doesn't have a way of doing per-user access control. Anyone have any ideas on how to allow users to restart only their own processes without root?

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• rTorrent, too low memory usage !?

  - by Claudiu

  I want to know from more experienced rTorrent users how to tweak the .rtorrent.rc so that rTorrent will cache disk reading and writing (same as uTorrent does). I have set the max_memory_usage = 1GB but this amount is not used. I run 6 rTorrent instances on a Quad Core, 8 GB Ram machine and total used memory reported by htop is only ~500MB. I need to use memory buffers cause disk IO activity is very high.

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• What's an easy way to install a bunch of OSS apps in my home dir on my company's aging Redhat VNC servers?

  - by subopt

  My company's IT group doesn't want to install lots of common stuff on our VNC servers, which run RHEL 4. The list of stuff i want/need includes graphviz, midnight commander, various python libs, sqlite, netbeans, antlr, jdk1.6, etc. They've hobbled rpm somehow, so i can't do rpm --relocate. And i don't want the RHEL4 compatible revs of this stuff anyway. I've probably got the room to build all this stuff in my home dir, but i don't want to take forever tracking down dependencies. Looking for an easy way to get the apps/tools i need, and nothing (or very little) else. Any suggestions?

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• configure squid3 to set up a web proxy in ubuntu12.04

  - by Gnijuohz

  I am in a LAN and have to use a proxy given to access the web in a very limited way. I can't even use google, github.com or SE sites. However I can use ssh to log into a server, which I have root access so basically I can do anything I want with it. So I was thinking that maybe I could use that server as a proxy so I can visit sites through it. I tested it using ssh -vT [email protected] which gave a proper response. And In my computer I can't do this. Also I tried downloading something from the gun.org using wget, which can't be done in my computer too. And it succeeded on that server. I don't know if that's enough to say that this server have full access to the Internet. But I assumed so and I installed squid3 on it. After trying some while, I failed to get it working. I got this after I run squid3 -k parse 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing Configuration File: /etc/squid3/squid.conf (depth 0) 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl manager proto cache_object 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl localhost src 127.0.0.1/32 ::1 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl to_localhost dst 127.0.0.0/8 0.0.0.0/32 ::1 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl localnet src 10.1.0.0/16 # RFC1918 possible internal network 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl SSL_ports port 443 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 80 # http 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 21 # ftp 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 443 # https 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 70 # gopher 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 210 # wais 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 1025-65535 # unregistered ports 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 280 # http-mgmt 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 488 # gss-http 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 591 # filemaker 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl Safe_ports port 777 # multiling http 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: acl CONNECT method CONNECT 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: http_port 3128 transparent vhost vport 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Starting Authentication on port [::]:3128 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Disabling Authentication on port [::]:3128 (interception enabled) 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Disabling IPv6 on port [::]:3128 (interception enabled) 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: cache_mem 1000 MB 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: cache_swap_low 90 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: coredump_dir /var/spool/squid3 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: refresh_pattern ^ftp: 1440 20% 10080 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: refresh_pattern ^gopher: 1440 0% 1440 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: refresh_pattern -i (/cgi-bin/|?) 0 0% 0 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: refresh_pattern (Release|Packages(.gz)*)$ 0 20% 2880 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: refresh_pattern . 0 20% 4320 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: ipcache_high 95 2012/07/06 21:45:18| Processing: http_access allow all I deleted some allow and deny rules and added http_access allow all so that all the request would be allowed. After configuring my computer, I got this error: Access control configuration prevents your request from being allowed at this time. Please contact your service provider if you feel this is incorrect. And the log in the server showed that my TCP requests had all been denied. So, first of all, is what I am trying to do achievable? If so, how to configure the squid in the server so that I use it as a proxy to surf the Internet? My computer and the server both run Ubuntu11.04. Thanks for any help~

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• "TCP Sweep" - What is it? How am I causing it?

  - by Stephen Melrose

  Hi there, I've just had an email from my hosting company telling me I'm in violation of their Acceptable Use Policy. They forwarded me an email from another company complaining about something to do with a "TCP sweep of port 22". They included a snippet from their logs, 20:29:43 <MY_SERVER_IP> 0.0.0.0 [TCP-SWEEP] (total=325,dp=22,min=212.1.191.0,max=212.1.191.255,Mar21-20:26:34,Mar21-20:26:34) (USI-amsxaid01) Now, my server knowledge is limited at best, and I've absolutely no idea what this is or what could be causing it. Any help would be greatly appreciated! Thank you

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