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  • What is the best python module skeleton code?

    - by user213060
    == Subjective Question Warning == Looking for well supported opinions or supporting evidence. Let us assume that skeleton code can be good. If you disagree with the very concept of module skeleton code then fine, but please refrain from repeating that opinion here. Many python IDE's will start you with a template like: print 'hello world' That's not enough... So here's my skeleton code to get this question started: My Module Skeleton, Short Version: #!/usr/bin/env python """ Module Docstring """ # ## Code goes here. # def test(): """Testing Docstring""" pass if __name__=='__main__': test() and, My Module Skeleton, Long Version: #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: ascii -*- """ Module Docstring Docstrings: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/ """ __author__ = 'Joe Author ([email protected])' __copyright__ = 'Copyright (c) 2009-2010 Joe Author' __license__ = 'New-style BSD' __vcs_id__ = '$Id$' __version__ = '1.2.3' #Versioning: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0386/ # ## Code goes here. # def test(): """ Testing Docstring""" pass if __name__=='__main__': test() Notes: """ ===MODULE TYPE=== Since the vast majority of my modules are "library" types, I have constructed this example skeleton as such. For modules that act as the main entry for running the full application, you would make changes such as running a main() function instead of the test() function in __main__. ===VERSIONING=== The following practice, specified in PEP8, no longer makes sense: __version__ = '$Revision: 1.2.3 $' for two reasons: (1) Distributed version control systems make it neccessary to include more than just a revision number. E.g. author name and revision number. (2) It's a revision number not a version number. Instead, the __vcs_id__ variable is being adopted. This expands to, for example: __vcs_id__ = '$Id: example.py,v 1.1.1.1 2001/07/21 22:14:04 goodger Exp $' ===VCS DATE=== Likewise, the date variable has been removed: __date__ = '$Date: 2009/01/02 20:19:18 $' ===CHARACTER ENCODING=== If the coding is explicitly specified, then it should be set to the default setting of ascii. This can be modified if necessary (rarely in practice). Defaulting to utf-8 can cause anomalies with editors that have poor unicode support. """ There are a lot of PEPs that put forward coding style recommendations. Am I missing any important best practices? What is the best python module skeleton code? Update Show me any kind of "best" that you prefer. Tell us what metrics you used to qualify "best".

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  • NSDocument Subclass not closed by NSWindowController?

    - by Nathan Douglas
    Okay, I'm fairly new to Cocoa and Objective-C, and to OOP in general. As background, I'm working on an extensible editor that stores the user's documents in a package. This of course required some "fun" to get around some issues with NSFileWrapper (i.e. a somewhat sneaky writing and loading process to avoid making NSFileWrappers for every single document within the bundle). The solution I arrived at was to essentially treat my NSDocument subclass as just a shell -- use it to make the folder for the bundle, and then pass off writing the actual content of the document to other methods. Unfortunately, at some point I seem to have completely screwed the pooch. I don't know how this happened, but closing the document window no longer releases the document. The document object doesn't seem to receive a "close" message -- or any related messages -- even though the window closes successfully. The end result is that if I start my app, create a new document, save it, then close it, and try to reopen it, the document window never appears. With some creative subclassing and NSLogging, I managed to figure out that the document object was still in memory, and still attached to the NSDocumentController instance, and so trying to open the document never got past the NSDocumentController's "hmm, currently have that one open" check. I did have an NSWindowController and NSDocumentController instance, but I've purged them from my project completely. I've overridden nearly every method for NSDocument trying to find out where the issue is. So far as I know, my Interface Builder bindings are all correct -- "Close" in the main menu is attached to "performClose:" of the First Responder, etc, and I've tried with fresh unsullied MainMenu and Document xibs as well. I thought that it might be something strange with my bundle writing code, so I basically deleted it all and started from scratch, but that didn't seem to work. I took out my init method overrides, and that didn't help either. I don't have the source of any simple document apps here, so I didn't try the next logical step (to substitute known-working code for mine in the readfromurl and writetourl methods). I've had this problem for about sixteen hours of uninterrupted troubleshooting now, and needless to say, I'm at the end of my rope. If I can't figure it out, I guess I'm going to try the project from scratch with a lot more code and intensity based around the bundle-document mess. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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  • Which management tools would you recommend for software development?

    - by Robert Schneider
    What would you generally recommend for software developement? Which combination do you use or would you recommend? I assume that tools are needed for Version control, issues/bugs/task, Release management, Requirement management. Tools for Test management and Project management should be accounted for as well, I guess. Did I forget anything? Maybe tools for Continous Integration. I'm not interested in a halfway combination of one ore two tools like a Subversion + Bugzilla (I know they are good but for a company they might not be sufficient). And also tools like make/ant shouldn't be taken into account. I'd like to know a combination that covers all what is important for professional software development. However, it could be a single tool of course if it covers all the management issues. What do you think would be a good combination? I assume a combination should be regardes as good if the tools itself are good but also if they have good integrations. Udate: Something like Ant is just a script not a management tool. Okay: we do already have Perforce. But this is somehow generic. We have different projects that uses C-, VS/.NET-, Python-, PHP and we will be starting new projects in Java. Plenty of languages and frameworks, though some are going to be legacy. So the tools should be generic. Obviously we don't want to use Bugzilla for one project and Jira for another. The management tools have to be generic. Further thoughts: Think of sourceforge: For each project they offer a version control system, an issue tracker, a wiki, ... totally independent of what the project is about. Those are some management tools that a project usually needs. I would say that most companies need such a set of tools. But I could imagine, if a company has several projects, they need further tools too: for Project management, Quality management, ... And I could imagine there are some recommendable combinations of tools. A not really apropiate comparison to this could be LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP). A combination of software that has evolved since they work very well together, and are pretty useful for a lot of applications (or rather web sites). So maybe there are some recommendable management tool combinations that also fit toghether like LAMP. The integration is important. Thank you for the incredibly fast and helpful responses!!!

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  • Oracle sample data problems

    - by Jay
    So, I have this java based data trasformation / masking tool, which I wanted to test out on Oracle 10g. The good part with Oracle 10g is that you get a load of sample schemas with half a million records in some. The schemas are : SH, OE, HR, IX and etc. So, I installed 10g, found out that the installation scripts are under ORACLE_HOME/demo/scripts. I customized these scripts a bit to run in batch mode. That solves one half of my requirement - to create source data for my testing my data transformation software. The second half of the requirement is that I create the same schemas under different names (TR_HR, TR_OE and so on...) without any data. These schemas would represent my target schemas. So, in short, my software would pick up data from a table in a schema and load it up in to the same table in a different schema. Now, I have two issues in creating my target schema and emptying it. I would like this in a batch job. But the oracle scripts you get, the sample schema names are not configurable. So, I tried creating a script, replacing OE with TR_OE, HR with TR_HR and so on. However, this approach is kind of irritating coz the sample schemas are kind of complicated in the way they are created; Oracle creates synonyms, views, materialized views, data types and lot of weird stuff. I would like the target schemas (TR_HR, TR_OE,...) to be empty. But some of the schemas have circular references, which would not allow me to delete data. The only work around seems to be removing certain foreign keys, deleting data and then adding the constraints back. Is there any easy way to all this, without all this fuss? I would need a complicated data set for my testing (complicated as in tables with triggers, multiple hierarchies.. for instance.. a child table that has children up to 5 levels, a parent table that refers to an IOT table and an IOT table that refers to a non-IOT table etc..). The sample schemas are just about perfect from a data set perspective. The only challenge I see is in automating this whole process of loading up the source schemas, and then creating the target schemas and emptying them. Appreciate your help and suggestions.

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  • How to modularize a JSF/Facelets/Spring application with OSGi?

    - by lexicore
    I'm working with very large JSF/Facelets applications which use Spring for DI/bean management. My applications have modular structure and I'm currently looking for approaches to standardize the modularization. My goal is to compose a web application from a number of modules (possibly depending on each other). Each module may contain the following: Classes; Static resources (images, CSS, scripts); Facelet templates; Managed beans - Spring application contexts, with request, session and application-scoped beans (alternative is JSF managed beans); Servlet API stuff - servlets, filters, listeners (this is optional). What I'd like to avoid (almost at all costs) is the need to copy or extract module resources (like Facelets templates) to the WAR or to extend the web.xml for module's servlets, filters, etc. It must be enough to add the module (JAR, bundle, artifact, ...) to the web application (WEB-INF/lib, bundles, plugins, ...) to extend the web application with this module. Currently I solve this task with a custom modularization solution which is heavily based on using classpath resources: Special resources servlet serves static resources from classpath resources (JARs). Special Facelets resource resolver allows loading Facelet templates from classpath resources. Spring loads application contexts via the pattern classpath*:com/acme/foo/module/applicationContext.xml - this loads application contexts defined in module JARs. Finally, a pair of delegating servlets and filters delegate request processing to the servlets and filters configured in Spring application contexts from modules. Last days I read a lot about OSGi and I was considering, how (and if) I could use OSGi as a standardized modularization approach. I was thinking about how individual tasks could be solved with OSGi: Static resources - OSGi bundles which want to export static resources register a ResourceLoader instances with the bundle context. A central ResourceServlet uses these resource loaders to load resources from bundles. Facelet templates - similar to above, a central ResourceResolver uses services registered by bundles. Managed beans - I have no idea how to use an expression like #{myBean.property} if myBean is defined in one of the bundles. Servlet API stuff - use something like WebExtender/Pax Web to register servlets, filters and so on. My questions are: Am I inventing a bicycle here? Are there standard solutions for that? I've found a mentioning of Spring Slices but could not find much documentation about it. Do you think OSGi is the right technology for the described task? Is my sketch of OSGI application more or less correct? How should managed beans (especially request/session scope) be handled? I'd be generally graefult for your comments.

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  • Git/Mercurial (hg) opinion

    - by Richard
    First, let me say I'm not a professional programmer, but an engineer who had a need for it and had to learn. I was always working alone, so it was just me and my seven splitted personalities ... and we worked okey as a team :) Most of my stuff is done in C/Fortran/Matlab and so far I've been learning git to manage it all. However, although I've had no unsolvable problems with it, I've never been "that" happy with it ... for everything I cannot do, I hae to look up a book. And, for some time now I've been hearning a lot of good stuff about hg. Now, a coleague of mine will have to work with me on a project (I almost feel sorry for him) and he's started learning hg (says he likes it more), and I'm considering the switch myself. We work almost exclusivly on Windows platform (although I manage relatively ok using unix tools and things that come from that part of the world). So, I was wondering, in a described scenario, what problems could I expect with the switch. I heard that hg is rather more user friendly towards windows users, regarding the user interfaces. How does it handle repositories ? Does it create them the same way as git does (just one subdirectory in a working directory) and can I just copy the whole project directory (including git repo) and just carry them somewhere with no extra thinking ? (I really liked that when I was choosing over git/svn). Are there any good books on it that you can recommend (something like Pro Git, only for Hg). What are good ways to implement hg into Visual Studio/GVim for Windows, or into Windows Explorer so I can work relatively easily (I would like to avoid using the command line for everything regarding it, like in git shell). Is there something else I should be aware of (please, on this don't point me to other questions ... they just give me a ton of info, and I'm not sure what is it that I should take as important, and what to disregard). I'm trying to cut some time, since I cannot spend all that time relearning hg, like I did for git. I've also heard git is c project, while mercurial is python ... is there any noticeable difference in speed. git was pretty speedy ... will I encounter some waiting while working. Notice: All my projects are of let's say, middle size ... mostly numerical simulations ... 10-15000 lines (medium size?)

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  • Am I using EJBs properly?

    - by kgrad
    I am using a JEE6 stack including JPA 2.0, JSF 2.0, EJB 3.1 etc. The way my architecture is setup is the following: I have JPA annotated DAOs using hibernate as my JPA provider. I have JSF Managed beans which correspond to my facelet/xhtml pages. I have EJBs that handle all of my database requests. My XHTML pages have JSF EL which make calls to my Managed beans. My managed beans contain references to my DAO entities which are managed by EJBs. For example, I have a user entity which is mapped to a db table. I have a user EJB which handles all CRUD operations that return Users. I have a page that edits a user. The highlevel workflow would be: navigate to user edit page - EL calls a method located in the managed bean that loads a user. The method calls userEJB.loadUser(user) from the EJB to get the user from the database. The user is edited and submit - a function is called in the managed bean which calls a function in the EJB to save the user. etc. I am running into issues accessing my data within my JSF pages using EJBs. I am having a lot of problems with lazy initialization errors, which I believe is due to how I have set things up. For example, I have a Client entity that has a List of users which are lazily loaded. In order to get a client I call a method in my EJB which goes to the database, finds a client and returns it. Later on i wish to access this clients list of users, in order to do so i have to go back to the EJB by calling some sort of method in order to load those users (since they are lazily loaded). This means that I have to create a method such as public List<User> getUserListByClient(Client c) { c = em.merge(c); return c.getUserList(); } The only purpose of this method is to load the users (and I'm not even positive this approach is good or works). If i was doing session management myself, I would like just leave the session open for the entire request and access the property directly, this would be fine as the session would be open anyway, there seems to be this one extra layer of indirection in EJBs which is making things difficult for me. I do like EJBs as I like the fact that they are controlled by the container, pooled, offer transaction management for free etc. However, I get the feeling that I am using them incorrectly, or I have set up my JSF app incorrectly. Any feedback would be greatly appreciated. thanks,

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  • Marshalling polymorphic objects in JAX-WS

    - by pkchukiss
    I'm creating a JAX-WS type webservice, with operations that return an object WebServiceReply. The class WebServiceReply itself contains a field of type Object. The individual operations would populate that field with a few different data-types, depending on the operation. Publishing the WSDL (I'm using Netbeans 6.7), and getting a ASP.NET application to retrieve and parse the WSDL was fine, but when I tried to call an operation, I would receive the following exception: javax.xml.ws.WebServiceException: javax.xml.bind.MarshalException - with linked exception: [javax.xml.bind.JAXBException: class [LDataObject.Patient; nor any of its super class is known to this context.] How do I mark the annotations in the DataObject.Patient class, as well as the WebServiceReply class to get it to work? I haven't been able to fine a definitive resource on marshalling based upon annotations within the target classes either, so it would be great if anybody could point me to that too. WebServiceReply.java @XmlRootElement(name="WebServiceReply") public class WebServiceReply { private Object returnedObject; private String returnedType; private String message; private String errorMessage; .......... // Getters and setters follow } DataObject.Patient.java @XmlRootElement(name="Patient") public class Patient { private int uid; private Date versionDateTime; private String name; private String identityNumber; private List<Address> addressList; private List<ContactNumber> contactNumberList; private List<Appointment> appointmentList; private List<Case> caseList; } Solution (Thanks to Gregory Mostizky for his answer) I edited the WebServiceReply class so that all the possible return objects extend from a new class ReturnValueBase, and added the annotations using @XmlSeeAlso to ReturnValueBase. JAXB worked properly after that! Nonetheless, I'm still learning about JAXB marshalling in JAX-WS, so it would be great if anyone can still post any tutorial on this. Gregory: you might want to add-on to your answer that the return objects need to sub-class from ReturnValueBase. Thanks a lot for your help! I had been going bonkers over this problem for so long!

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  • C# - How to override GetHashCode with Lists in object

    - by Christian
    Hi, I am trying to create a "KeySet" to modify UIElement behaviour. The idea is to create a special function if, eg. the user clicks on an element while holding a. Or ctrl+a. My approach so far, first lets create a container for all possible modifiers. If I would simply allow a single key, it would be no problem. I could use a simple Dictionary, with Dictionary<Keys, Action> _specialActionList If the dictionary is empty, use the default action. If there are entries, check what action to use depending on current pressed keys And if I wasn't greedy, that would be it... Now of course, I want more. I want to allow multiple keys or modifiers. So I created a wrapper class, wich can be used as Key to my dictionary. There is an obvious problem when using a more complex class. Currently two different instances would create two different key, and thereby he would never find my function (see code to understand, really obvious) Now I checked this post: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/638761/c-gethashcode-override-of-object-containing-generic-array which helped a little. But my question is, is my basic design for the class ok. Should I use a hashset to store the modifier and normal keyboardkeys (instead of Lists). And If so, how would the GetHashCode function look like? I know, its a lot of code to write (boring hash functions), some tips would be sufficient to get me started. Will post tryouts here... And here comes the code so far, the Test obviously fails... public class KeyModifierSet { private readonly List<Key> _keys = new List<Key>(); private readonly List<ModifierKeys> _modifierKeys = new List<ModifierKeys>(); private static readonly Dictionary<KeyModifierSet, Action> _testDict = new Dictionary<KeyModifierSet, Action>(); public static void Test() { _testDict.Add(new KeyModifierSet(Key.A), () => Debug.WriteLine("nothing")); if (!_testDict.ContainsKey(new KeyModifierSet(Key.A))) throw new Exception("Not done yet, help :-)"); } public KeyModifierSet(IEnumerable<Key> keys, IEnumerable<ModifierKeys> modifierKeys) { foreach (var key in keys) _keys.Add(key); foreach (var key in modifierKeys) _modifierKeys.Add(key); } public KeyModifierSet(Key key, ModifierKeys modifierKey) { _keys.Add(key); _modifierKeys.Add(modifierKey); } public KeyModifierSet(Key key) { _keys.Add(key); } }

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  • How to Configure SSL over Database in Spring?

    - by Sameer Malhotra
    Hi, I want to add SSL security in the Database layer. I am using Struts2.1.6, Spring 2.5, JBOSS 5.0 and Informix 11.5. Any idea how to do this? I have researched through a lot on the internet but could not find any solution. Please suggest! Here is my datasource and entity manager beans which is working perfect without SSL: <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <property name="database" value="INFORMIX" /> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> </bean> </property> </bean> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.informix.jdbc.IfxDriver" /> <property name="url" value="jdbc:informix-sqli://SERVER_NAME:9088/DB_NAME:INFORMIXSERVER=SERVER_NAME;DELIMIDENT=y;" /> <property name="username" value="username" /> <property name="password" value="password" /> <property name="minIdle" value="2" /> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.MethodInvokingFactoryBean" lazy-init="false"> <property name="targetObject" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="targetMethod" value="addConnectionProperty" /> <property name="arguments"> <list> <value>characterEncoding</value> <value>UTF-8</value> </list> </property> </bean> <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" scope="prototype"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

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  • How to fine tune a Membership Provider?

    - by Venemo
    After all the answers to my last question about fine-tuning turned out to be more useful than I expected, I thought that I would ask another similar Question about the MembershipProviders as well. Okay, so firstly, to clarify: I know what a Membership, Role, and Profile provider is, how to implement my own, and how to configure them, and most of the things about them. Implementing a role and profile provider is pretty straightforward, because they only require simple CRUD most of the time. (A single line of LINQ is enough for about half of the RoleProvider's methods.) However, the Membership provider is a differend beast. Many of you may realize that it violates the SR (Single Responsibility) principle, because it has to do EVERYTHING related to user management. While this leaves a lot of room for customizations, it has its downsides as well. There is no information on the Internet about what their EXACT expected behaviour is, such as when should they throw exceptions or simply return null, and stuff like that. I use this sample implementation for reference, but it also contains several contradictions. For example, it uses its own ValidateUser method for checking for credentials in the ChangePassword method. But the ValidateUser also updates the user's LastLoginDate to the current date. So, does the framework expect that I set it in my own provider as well, or is it simply a mistake in the sample? The other is: the ChangePassword method throws an exception every time when validating the new password, but CreateUser doesn't ever throw an exception, it simply returns false. And last, but not least: it counts the invalid password attempts of the user and locks them if it passes a threshold. While this is good, but it requires manual action to unlock the users. Is it a problem if my provider automatically unlocks the user after a certain amount of time? (EDIT) I almost forgot: the CreateUser method in the sample inserts the ID from the method parameter. I actually think this is bad practice, because I use inters with auto incement as IDs, so inserting them from some method parameter is not an option. Should I just ignore the parameter, or require that its value is null and throw an exception if it isn't? All in all, does ASP.NET have any assumptions about the behaviour of a MembershipProvider? Is there any documentation which describes when should I throw an exception or just return null? I also tried to find a set of generic unit tests which would provide some guidance about the expected behaviour, but no luck, I found plenty of articles about "Unit testing is good", and "How to unit test a MembershipProvider", but not one where there would be any actual tests. Thanks in advance for everyone!

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  • How to embed html table into the bpdy of email

    - by Michael Mao
    Hi all: I am sending info to target email via PHP native mail() method right now. Everything else works fine but the table part troubles me the most. See sample output : Dear Michael Mao : Thank you for purchasing flight tickets with us, here is your receipt : Your tickets will be delivered by mail to the following address : Street Address 1 : sdfsdafsadf sdf Street Address 2 : N/A City : Sydney State : nsw Postcode : 2 Country : Australia Credit Card Number : *************1234 Your purchase details are recorded as : <table><tr><th class="delete">del?</th><th class="from_city">from</th><th class="to_city">to</th><th class="quantity">qty</th><th class="price">unit price</th><th class="price">total price</th></tr><tr class="evenrow" id="Sydney-Lima"><td><input name="isDeleting" type="checkbox"></td><td>Sydney</td><td>Lima</td><td>1</td><td>1030.00</td><td>1030</td></tr><tr class="oddrow" id="Sydney-Perth"><td><input name="isDeleting" type="checkbox"></td><td>Sydney</td><td>Perth</td><td>3</td><td>340.00</td><td>1020</td></tr><tr class="totalprice"><td colspan="5">Grand Total Price</td><td id="grandtotal">2050</td></tr></table> The source of table is directly taken from a webpage, exactly as the same. However, Gmail, Hotmail and most of other emails will ignore to render this as a table. So I am wondering, without using Outlook or other email sending agent software, how could I craft a embedded table for the PHP mail() method to send? Current code snippet corresponds to table generation : $purchaseinfo = $_POST["purchaseinfo"]; //if html tags are not to be filtered in the body of email $stringBuilder .= "<table>" .stripslashes($purchaseinfo) ."</table>"; //must send json response back to caller ajax request if(mail($email, 'Your purchase information on www.hardlyworldtravel.com', $emailbody, $headers)) echo json_encode(array("feedback"=>"successful")); else echo json_encode(array("feedback"=>"error")); Any hints and suggestions are welcomed, thanks a lot in advance.

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  • Ada: Adding an exception in a separate procedure when reading a file

    - by yCalleecharan
    This is a follow-up of this question: Ada: reading from a file . I would like to add an exception that checks if the file that I'm opening actually exists or not. I have made a separate procedure to avoid code clutter. Here is the main code test_read.adb: with Ada.Text_IO; use Ada.Text_IO; with Ada.Long_Float_Text_IO; with Ada.Float_Text_IO; procedure Test_Read is Input_File : File_Type; Value : Long_Float; procedure Open_Data (File : in Ada.Text_IO.File_Type; Name : in String) is separate; begin Ada.Text_IO.Open (File => Input_File, Mode => Ada.Text_IO.In_File, Name => "fx.txt"); while not End_Of_File (Input_File) loop Ada.Long_Float_Text_IO.Get (File => Input_File, Item => Value); Ada.Long_Float_Text_IO.Put (Item => value, Fore => 3, Aft => 5, Exp => 0); Ada.Text_IO.New_Line; end loop; Ada.Text_IO.Close (File => Input_File); end Test_Read; And here is the separate body test_read-open_data.adb of the procedure Open_Data: separate(test_read) procedure Open_Data (File : in Ada.Text_IO.File_Type; Name : in String) is --this procedure prepares a file for reading begin begin Ada.Text_IO.Open (File => File, Mode => Ada.Text_IO.In_File, Name => Name); exception when Ada.Text_IO.Name_Error => Ada.Text_IO.Put(File => Standard_Error, Item => "File not found."); end; end Open_Data; On compilation I get an error message in the separate body test_read-open_data.adb: actual for "File" must be a variable How to fix this? Thanks a lot...

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  • How to use Apache HWPF to extract text and images out of a DOC file

    - by Hamed
    Hi...! I downloaded the Apache HWPF. I want to use it to read a doc file and write its text into a plain text file. I don't know the HWPF so well. My very simple program is here: I have 3 problems now: 1-Some of packages have errors ( they can't find apache hdf). How I can fix them? 2-How I can use the methods of HWDF to find and extract the images out? 3-Some piece of my program is incomplete and incorrect.So please help me to complete it. I have to complete this program in 2 days. once again I repeat Please Please help me to complete this. Thanks you Guys a lot for your help!!! This is My Elementary code : import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.*; import org.apache.poi.hwpf.*; import org.apache.poi.hwpf.extractor.*; import org.apache.poi.hwpf.model.PicturesTable; import org.apache.poi.hwpf.usermodel.Picture; public class test { public void m1 (){ String filesname = "Hello.doc"; POIFSFileSystem fs = null; fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(filesname ); HWPFDocument doc = new HWPFDocument(fs); WordExtractor we = new WordExtractor(doc); String str = we.getText() ; String[] paragraphs = we.getParagraphText(); Picture pic = new Picture(. . .) ; pic.writeImageContent( . . . ) ; PicturesTable picTable = new PicturesTable( . . . ) ; if ( picTable.hasPicture( . . . ) ){ picTable.extractPicture(..., ...); picTable.getAllPictures() ; } }

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  • Override variables while testing a standalone Perl script

    - by BrianH
    There is a Perl script in our environment that I now need to maintain. It is full of bad practices, including using (and re-using) global variables throughout the script. Before I start making changes to the script, I was going to try to write some test scripts so I can have a good regression base. To do this, I was going to use a method described on this page. I was starting by writing tests for a single subroutine. I put this line somewhat near the top of the script I am testing: return 1 if ( caller() ); That way, in my test script, I can require 'script_to_test.pl'; and it won't execute the whole script. The first subroutine I was going to test makes a lot of use of global variables that are set throughout the script. My thought was to try to override these variables in my test script, something like this: require_ok('script_to_test.pl'); $var_from_other_script = 'Override Value'; ok( sub_from_other_script() ); Unfortunately (for me), the script I am testing has a massive "my" block at the top, where it declares all variables used in the script. This prevents my test script from seeing/changing the variables in the script I'm running tests against. I've played with Exporter, Test::Mock..., and some other modules, but it looks like if I want to be able to change any variables I am going to have to modify the other script in some fashion. My goal is to not change the other script, but to get some good tests running so when I do start changing the other script, I can make sure I didn't break anything. The script is about 10,000 lines (3,000 of them in the main block), so I'm afraid that if I start changing things, I will affect other parts of the code, so having a good test suite would help. Is this possible? Can a calling script modify variables in another script declared with "my"? And please don't jump in with answers like, "Just re-write the script from scratch", etc. That may be the best solution, but it doesn't answer my question, and we don't have the time/resources for a re-write.

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  • Decompressing a very large serialized object and managing memory

    - by Mike_G
    I have an object that contains tons of data used for reports. In order to get this object from the server to the client I first serialize the object in a memory stream, then compress it using the Gzip stream of .NET. I then send the compressed object as a byte[] to the client. The problem is on some clients, when they get the byte[] and try to decompress and deserialize the object, a System.OutOfMemory exception is thrown. Ive read that this exception can be caused by new() a bunch of objects, or holding on to a bunch of strings. Both of these are happening during the deserialization process. So my question is: How do I prevent the exception (any good strategies)? The client needs all of the data, and ive trimmed down the number of strings as much as i can. edit: here is the code i am using to serialize/compress (implemented as extension methods) public static byte[] SerializeObject<T>(this object obj, T serializer) where T: XmlObjectSerializer { Type t = obj.GetType(); if (!Attribute.IsDefined(t, typeof(DataContractAttribute))) return null; byte[] initialBytes; using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream()) { serializer.WriteObject(stream, obj); initialBytes = stream.ToArray(); } return initialBytes; } public static byte[] CompressObject<T>(this object obj, T serializer) where T : XmlObjectSerializer { Type t = obj.GetType(); if(!Attribute.IsDefined(t, typeof(DataContractAttribute))) return null; byte[] initialBytes = obj.SerializeObject(serializer); byte[] compressedBytes; using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(initialBytes)) { using (MemoryStream output = new MemoryStream()) { using (GZipStream zipper = new GZipStream(output, CompressionMode.Compress)) { Pump(stream, zipper); } compressedBytes = output.ToArray(); } } return compressedBytes; } internal static void Pump(Stream input, Stream output) { byte[] bytes = new byte[4096]; int n; while ((n = input.Read(bytes, 0, bytes.Length)) != 0) { output.Write(bytes, 0, n); } } And here is my code for decompress/deserialize: public static T DeSerializeObject<T,TU>(this byte[] serializedObject, TU deserializer) where TU: XmlObjectSerializer { using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(serializedObject)) { return (T)deserializer.ReadObject(stream); } } public static T DecompressObject<T, TU>(this byte[] compressedBytes, TU deserializer) where TU: XmlObjectSerializer { byte[] decompressedBytes; using(MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(compressedBytes)) { using(MemoryStream output = new MemoryStream()) { using(GZipStream zipper = new GZipStream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress)) { ObjectExtensions.Pump(zipper, output); } decompressedBytes = output.ToArray(); } } return decompressedBytes.DeSerializeObject<T, TU>(deserializer); } The object that I am passing is a wrapper object, it just contains all the relevant objects that hold the data. The number of objects can be a lot (depending on the reports date range), but ive seen as many as 25k strings. One thing i did forget to mention is I am using WCF, and since the inner objects are passed individually through other WCF calls, I am using the DataContract serializer, and all my objects are marked with the DataContract attribute.

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  • Is my understanding of "select distinct" correct?

    - by paxdiablo
    We recently discovered a performance problem with one of our systems and I think I have the fix but I'm not certain my understanding is correct. In simplest form, we have a table blah into which we accumulate various values based on a key field. The basic form is: recdate date rectime time system varchar(20) count integer accum1 integer accum2 integer There are a lot more accumulators than that but they're all of the same form. The primary key is made up of recdate, rectime and system. As values are collected to the table, the count for a given recdate/rectime/system is incremented and the values for that key are added to the accumulators. That means the averages can be obtained by using accumN / count. Now we also have a view over that table specified as follows: create view blah_v ( recdate, rectime, system, count, accum1, accum2 ) as select distinct recdate, rectime, system, count, value (case when count > 0 then accum1 / count end, 0), value (case when count > 0 then accum2 / count end, 0) from blah; In other words, the view gives us the average value of the accumulators rather than the sums. It also makes sure we don't get a divide-by-zero in those cases where the count is zero (these records do exist and we are not allowed to remove them so don't bother telling me they're rubbish - you're preaching to the choir). We've noticed that the time difference between doing: select distinct recdate from XX varies greatly depending on whether we use the table or the view. I'm talking about the difference being 1 second for the table and 27 seconds for the view (with 100K rows). We actually tracked it back to the select distinct. What seems to be happening is that the DBMS is actually loading all the rows in and sorting them so as to remove duplicates. That's fair enough, it's what we stupidly told it to do. But I'm pretty sure the fact that the view includes every component of the primary key means that it's impossible to have duplicates anyway. We've validated the problem since, if we create another view without the distinct, it performs at the same speed as the underlying table. I just wanted to confirm my understanding that a select distinct can not have duplicates if it includes all the primary key components. If that's so, then we can simply change the view appropriately.

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  • Learning to create beautiful /next-generation GUI

    - by ShaChris23
    I really want to create a stunning-looking GUI desktop application that looks like, for example: Mac OS X interface Picasa desktop client on windows IPhone apps Office 2007 I've mostly been programming GUI using Qt/Swing/WinForm and I'm tired of creating so plain looking GUI, lol. So I was thinking about diving into stuff like: jQuery WPF/C# iPhone SDK Silverlight Adobe Air/Flex Just to get some ideas on how to create really cool looking UI. Does that sound like a good list? Any developers here that could share what platform they use to create very cool looking desktop app? On a sidenote, I really wonder what developers at Apple / Microsoft use to develop their own cool-looking software. EDIT A lot of responses talk about the importance of usability over "cool-looking".. I totally agree that usability and simplicity are the most important aspects of user interface design. I've been doing GUI development for a while now ( 3 years), so that I understand. But using cool-looking UI also improves user experience + it could make big difference on whether or not your software sells. I mean, otherwise why would Microsoft/Apple try to make their OS UI look "cooler" everytime there's a new version? Why would websites like pragprog.com, or versionsapp.com. make their websites look like that? Basically you kill 2 birds with one stone: stunnning-looking UI + super usability (because it looks simple and intuitive). That is what I'm striving for. And as far as I know, I cannot achieve that using Qt/Winform. Most of the books I have read just show you how to make average-looking (read: 1990's) UI. I want to learn how to create cool-looking UI. And the only place I see cool-looking UIs these days are the technology I list above. I'm not enamored with any technology; but I just want to know how things are done in other technology to see if I could apply them to the technology I'm using, or see if I could use those technology in my line of work. An example: if I were to pick between this UI and this UI, I probably would pick the latter, if just based on looks alone. Functionally, they are just the same UI; they both allow you to keep track of your time. They both contain buttons and textboxes, etc. But the fact that they look different, also differentiate them in terms of attractiveness. So in all, I think the "ice on the cake" is very important. I would say it's the thing you strive for after you are certain you have a totally intuitive, usable UI.

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  • Google Hybrid OpenID+OAuth with dotnetopenauth

    - by Max Favilli
    I have spent probably more than 10 hours in the last two days trying to understand how to implement user login with Google Hybrid OpenID+OAuth (Federated Login) To trigger the authorization request I use: InMemoryOAuthTokenManager tm = new InMemoryOAuthTokenManager( ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["googleConsumerKey"], ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["googleConsumerSecret"]); using (OpenIdRelyingParty openid = new OpenIdRelyingParty()) { Realm realm = HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.Scheme + Uri.SchemeDelimiter + ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["googleConsumerKey"] + "/"; IAuthenticationRequest request = openid.CreateRequest(identifier, Realm.AutoDetect, new Uri(HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.Scheme + "://" + HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.Authority + "/OAuth/google")); var authorizationRequest = new AuthorizationRequest { Consumer = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["googleConsumerKey"], Scope = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.profile https://www.googleapis.com/auth/plus.me", }; request.AddExtension(authorizationRequest); request.AddExtension(new ClaimsRequest { Email = DemandLevel.Request, Gender = DemandLevel.Require }); request.RedirectToProvider(); } To retrieve the accesstoken I use: using (OpenIdRelyingParty openid = new OpenIdRelyingParty()) { IAuthenticationResponse authResponse = openid.GetResponse(); if (authResponse != null) { switch (authResponse.Status) { case AuthenticationStatus.Authenticated: HttpContext.Current.Trace.Write("AuthenticationStatus", "Authenticated"); FetchResponse fr = authResponse.GetExtension<FetchResponse>(); InMemoryOAuthTokenManager tm = new InMemoryOAuthTokenManager(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["googleConsumerKey"], ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["googleConsumerSecret"]); ServiceProviderDescription spd = new ServiceProviderDescription { spd.RequestTokenEndpoint = new DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging.MessageReceivingEndpoint("https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token", HttpDeliveryMethods.AuthorizationHeaderRequest | HttpDeliveryMethods.GetRequest); spd.AccessTokenEndpoint = new DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging.MessageReceivingEndpoint("https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/token", HttpDeliveryMethods.AuthorizationHeaderRequest | HttpDeliveryMethods.GetRequest); spd.UserAuthorizationEndpoint = new DotNetOpenAuth.Messaging.MessageReceivingEndpoint("https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/auth?access_type=offline", HttpDeliveryMethods.AuthorizationHeaderRequest | HttpDeliveryMethods.GetRequest); spd.TamperProtectionElements = new ITamperProtectionChannelBindingElement[] { new HmacSha1SigningBindingElement() }; WebConsumer wc = new WebConsumer(spd, tm); AuthorizedTokenResponse accessToken = wc.ProcessUserAuthorization(); if (accessToken != null) { HttpContext.Current.Trace.Write("accessToken", accessToken.ToString()); } else { } break; case AuthenticationStatus.Canceled: HttpContext.Current.Trace.Write("AuthenticationStatus", "Canceled"); break; case AuthenticationStatus.Failed: HttpContext.Current.Trace.Write("AuthenticationStatus", "Failed"); break; default: break; } } } Unfortunatelly I get AuthenticationStatus.Authenticated but wc.ProcessUserAuthorization() is null. What am I doing wrong? Thanks a lot for any help.

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  • Can't use attached property on combobox inside hierarchical datatemplate WPF

    - by jesse_t_r
    I'm hoping to use an attached property to assign a command to the selection changed event of a combobox that is embedded inside a treeview. I'm attempting to set the attached property inside the hierchical data template for the tree but the command is not set and does not fire when the item in the combobox is changed. I've found that setting the attached property directly on a combobox outside of a datatemplate works fine; here is how I'm trying to set the property in the template: <HierarchicalDataTemplate x:Key="template1" ItemsSource="{Binding Path=ChildColumns}"> <Border Background="{StaticResource TreeItem_Background}" BorderBrush="Blue" BorderThickness="2" CornerRadius="5" Margin="2,5,5,2" HorizontalAlignment="Left" > <Grid> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions > <ColumnDefinition Width="Auto"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition /> <RowDefinition /> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <TextBlock MinWidth="80" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Grid.Column="0" Margin="5,2,2,2" Grid.Row ="0" Text="{Binding Path=ColName}"/> <ComboBox Name="cboColType" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Right" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource dataFromEnum}}" SelectedItem="{Binding Path=ColumnType}" Margin="2,2,2,2" local:ItemSelectedBehavior.ItemSelected="{Binding Path=LoadConfigCommand}" /> </Grid> </Border> </HierarchicalDataTemplate> I also tried creating a style <Style x:Key="childItemStyle" TargetType="{x:Type FrameworkElement}"> <Setter Property="local:ItemSelectedBehavior.ItemSelected" Value="{Binding Path=LoadConfigCommand}" /> </Style> and setting the itemcontainerstyle to the style in the hierarchical datatemplate..still no luck .. <HierarchicalDataTemplate> ... <ComboBox Name="cboColType" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Right" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource dataFromEnum}}" SelectedItem="{Binding Path=ColumnType}" Margin="2,2,2,2" ItemContainerStyle={StaticeResource childItemStyle}" /> ... </HierarchicalDataTemplate> I'm still learning a lot about WPF so I'm assuming there is something particular about the hierchical datatemplate that is not allowing the attache dproperty to be set..I have found similar posts in the forums and tried to implement their solutions as above, but after a day of searching and experimenting wiht no luck I'm hoping some one has an idea about this...

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  • .NET Application broken on one PC, unhandleable exception

    - by Bobby
    Hello people. I have a .NET 2.0 application with nothing fancy in it. It worked until yesterday on every PC I installed or copied it to, no matter if 2.0, 3.0, 3.5 or 3.5 SP1 was installed, no matter if it was Win2000, XP or even Win7 (in total 100+ machines). Yesterday I did my normal installation procedure and wanted to start it one time to check if everything is working...and it wasn't. The program crashed hard leaving me with the uninformative "Do you wanna report this error?" dialog. The problem is an exception in the Main(String[] args) routine of my application. The event viewer is showing the following entry: Event Type: ErrorEvent Source: .NET Runtime 2.0 Error Reporting Event Category: None Event ID: 5000 Date: 05/05/2010 Time: 16:09:09 User: N/A Computer: myClientPC Description: EventType clr20r3, P1 apomenu.exe, P2 1.4.90.53, P3 4bdedea4, P4 system.configuration, P5 2.0.0.0, P6 4889de74, P7 1a6, P8 136, P9 ioibmurhynrxkw0zxkyrvfn0boyyufow, P10 NIL. Well...great information. After a lot of searching I finally was able to get further information about this exception (by adding a handler for UnhandledExceptions directly in My.MyApplication.New(), Application.Designer.vb): System.Configuration.ConfigurationErrorsException Configuration system failed to initialize at System.Configuration.ClientConfigurationSystem.EnsureInit(String configKey) at System.Configuration.ClientConfigurationSystem.PrepareClientConfigSystem(String sectionName) at System.Configuration.ClientConfigurationSystem.System.Configuration.Internal.IInternalConfigSystem.GetSection(String sectionName) at System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.GetSection(String sectionName) at System.Configuration.PrivilegedConfigurationManager.GetSection(String sectionName) at System.Net.Configuration.SettingsSectionInternal.get_Section() at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.InitializeSockets() at System.Net.Sockets.Socket.get_SupportsIPv4() at Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.get_HostName() at Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.RegisterChannel(Boolean SecureChannel) at Microsoft.VisualBasic.ApplicationServices.WindowsFormsApplicationBase.Run(String[] commandLine) at MyAppNameHere.My.MyApplication.Main(String[] Args) in 17d14f5c-a337-4978-8281-53493378c1071.vb:Line 81. And at this point I'm stuck...I'm out of ideas. I'm not using any kind of configuration system from the framework (no reference to System.Configuration, and there never was a MyAppnameHere.exe.config generated or distributed, nor have I seen this error before). I also found a bug report at Microsoft (Google Cache) about this bug (in another context, though). But as it seems, they won't even look at it. Every help is greatly appreciated! Edit: I'm using Visual Studio 2008 Prof.. Crash happens in Release- and Debug-Build on the client machine. Debugging the application directly on this machine is out of question I fear, 300+ Miles and they only have two computers to work with.

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  • Possible to use Python with Intel's Atom Developer SDK (C/C++)?

    - by Jordan Magnuson
    So I've made a game in Python and PyGame. Now I'm interested in submitting the game to Intel's March Developer Challenge. However, the developer challenge requires use of Intel's Atom Developer SDK (http://appdeveloper.intel.com/en-us/sdk), which only has API's for C and C++. I'm new to Python and PyGame, and have no experience in C or C++. My question is, would it be possible to somehow implement Intel's Atom SDK through/with/from a Python application (as the first link above suggests)? I've read up a little bit on embedding/extending Python into/with C, but I'm not entirely sure what to embed or where. I mean, I know I can do things like this in C: #include <Python.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { Py_Initialize(); PyRun_SimpleString("from time import time,ctime\n" "print 'Today is',ctime(time())\n"); Py_Finalize(); return 0; } But what do I do about all my dependencies on Python and Pygame, for people that don't have those installed on their machines? Normally Py2Exe takes care of compacting the required dependencies (I've managed to package my game into an exe/zip), but how do I take care of that stuff in the context of embedding within C? Can I somehow work with py2exe on this, or do I need to do something entirely different for embedding within C? It seems like it would be a lot easier to go the route of extending Python with the C validation code, rather than trying to embed my whole game within C, but I think that's not an option, "because the library provided is currently only available as a Visual Studio 2008 '.lib'", meaning the application has to be compiled with Visual Studio...? Any help, thoughts, or ideas are much appreciated! You can find the complete SDK Developer's Guide on the intel site above, but here is their "Hello World" using the C Language API: #include <stdio.h> #include “adpcore.h” int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { ADP_RET_CODE ret_code; const ADP_APPLICATIONID myApplicationID = {{ 0x12345678,0x11112222,0x33331234,0x567890ab}}; if ((ret_code = ADP_Initialize()) != ADP_SUCCESS ){ printf( “ERROR: exiting” ); exit( -1 ); } if (( ret_code = ADP_IsAuthorized( myApplicationId )) == ADP_AUTHORIZED ) printf( “Hello World” ); else printf( “Not authorized to run” ); exit 0; } 35 Page SDK Developer Guide: http:// appdeveloper.intel.com/sites/files/pages/SDK%20Developer%20Guide.pdf

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  • How can I inject Javascript (including Prototype.js) in other sites without cluttering the global na

    - by Daniel Magliola
    I'm currently on a project that is a big site that uses the Prototype library, and there is already a humongous amount of Javascript code. We're now working on a piece of code that will get "injected" into other people's sites (picture people adding a <script> tag in their sites) which will then run our code and add a bunch of DOM elements and functionality to their site. This will have new pieces of code, and will also reuse a lot of the code that we use on our main site. The problem I have is that it's of course not cool to just add a <script> that will include Prototype in people's pages. If we do that in a page that's already using ANY framework, we're guaranteed to screw everything up. jQuery gives us the option to "rename" the $ object, so it could handle this situation decently, except obviously for the fact that we're not using jQuery, so we'd have to migrate everything. Right now i'm contemplating a number of ugly choices, and I'm not sure what's best... Rewrite everything to use jQuery, with a renamed $ object everywhere. Creating a "new" Prototype library with only the subset we'd be using in "injected" code, and renaming $ to something else. Then again I'd have to adapt the parts of my code that would be shared somehow. Not using a library at all in injected code, to keep it as clean as possible, and rewriting the shared code to use no library at all. This would obviously degenerate into us creating our own frankenstein of a library, which is probably the worst case scenario ever. I'm wondering what you guys think I could do, and also whether there's some magic option that would solve all my problems... For example, do you think I could use something like Caja / Cajita to sandbox my own code and isolate it from the rest of the site, and have Prototype inside of there? Or am I completely missing the point with that? I also read once about a technique for bookmarklets, were you add your code like this: (function() { /* your code */ })(); And then your code is all inside your anonymous function and you haven't touched the global namespace at all. Do you think I could make one file containing: (function() { /* Full Code of the Prototype file here */ /* All my code that will run in the "other" site */ InitializeStuff_CreateDOMElements_AttachEventHandlers(); })(); Would that work? Would it accomplish the objective of not cluttering the global namespace, and not killing the functionality on a site that uses jQuery, for example? Or is Prototype too complex somehow to isolate it like that? (NOTE: I think I know that that would create closures everywhere and that's slower, but I don't care too much about performance, my code is not doing anything that complex)

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  • Writing reports with Perl

    - by georgemp
    Hi, I am trying to write out multiple report files using perl. Each file has the same structure, but with different data. So, my basic code looks something like #begin code our $log_fh; open %log_fh, ">" . $logfile our $rep; if (multipleReports) { while (@reports) { printReport($report[0]); } } sub printReports { open $rep, ">" . $[0]; printHeaders(); printBody(); close $rep; } sub printHeader() { format HDR = @>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> $generatedLine . format HDR_TOP = . $rep->format_name("HDR"); $rep->format_top_name("HDR_TOP"); $generatedLine = "test"; write($rep); $generatedLine = "next item"; write($rep); $generatedLine = "last header item"; write($rep); } sub printBody #There are multiple such sections in my code. For simplicity, I have just shown 1 here { #declare own header and header top. Set report to use these and print items to $rep } #end code The above is just a high level of the code I am using and I hope I have captured all the salient points. However, for some reason, I get the first report file output correctly. The second file instead of having in the first section test next item last item reads last item last item last item I have tried a whole lot of options primarily around autoflush, but, for the life of me can't figure out why it is doing this. I am using Perl 5.8.2. Any help/pointers much appreciated. Thanks George

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  • What to do when you need more verbs in REST

    - by Richard Levasseur
    There is another similar question to mine, but the discussion veered away from the problem I'm encounting. Say I have a system that deals with expense reports (ER). You can create and edit them, add attachments, and approve/reject them. An expense report might look like this: GET /er/1 => {"title": "Trip to NY", "totalcost": "400 USD", "comments": [ "john: Please add the total cost", "mike: done, can you approve it now?" ], "approvals": [ {"john": "Pending"}, {"finance-group": "Pending"}] } That looks fine, right? Thats what an expense report document looks like. If you want to update it, you can do this: POST /er/1 {"title": "Trip to NY 2010"} If you want to approve it, you can do this: POST /er/1/approval {"approved": true} But, what if you want to update the report and approve it at the same time? How do we do that? If you only wanted to approve, then doing a POST to something like /er/1/approval makes sense. We could put a flag in the URL, POST /er/1?approve=1, and send the data changes as the body, but that flag doesn't seem RESTful. We could put special field to be submitted, too, but that seems a bit hacky, too. If we did that, then why not send up data with attributes like set_title or add_to_cost? We could create a new resource for updating and approving, but (1) I can't think of how to name it without verbs, and (2) it doesn't seem right to name a resource based on what actions can be done to it (what happens if we add more actions?) We could have an X-Approve: True|False header, but headers seem like the wrong tool for the job. It'd also be difficult to get set headers without using javascript in a browser. We could use a custom media-type, application/approve+yes, but that seems no better than creating a new resource. We could create a temporary "batch operations" url, /er/1/batch/A. The client then sends multiple requests, perhaps POST /er/1/batch/A to update, then POST /er/1/batch/A/approval to approve, then POST /er/1/batch/A/status to end the batch. On the backend, the server queues up all the batch requests somewhere, then processes them in the same backend-transaction when it receives the "end batch processing" request. The downside with this is, obviously, that it introduces a lot of complexity. So, what is a good, general way to solve the problem of performing multiple actions in a single request? General because its easy to imagine additional actions that might be done in the same request: Suppress or send notifications (to email, chat, another system, whatever) Override some validation (maximum cost, names of dinner attendees) Trigger backend workflow that doesn't have a representation in the document.

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