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  • How to manage multiple versions of the same record

    - by Darvis Lombardo
    I am doing short-term contract work for a company that is trying to implement a check-in/check-out type of workflow for their database records. Here's how it should work... 1) A user creates a new entity within the application. There are about 20 related tables that will be populated in addition to the main entity table. 2) Once the entity is created the user will mark it as the master. 3) Another user can make changes to the master only by "checking out" the entity. Multiple users can checkout the entity at the same time. 4) Once the user has made all the necessary changes to the entity, they put it in a "needs approval" status. 5) After an authorized user reviews the entity, they can promote it to master which will put the original record in a tombstoned status. The way they are currently accomplishing the "check out" is by duplicating the entity records in all the tables. The primary keys include EntityID + EntityDate, so they duplicate the entity records in all related tables with the same EntityID and an updated EntityDate and give it a status of "checked out". When the record is put into the next state (needs approval), the duplication occurs again. Eventually it will be promoted to master at which time the final record is marked as master and the original master is marked as dead. This design seems hideous to me, but I understand why they've done it. When someone looks up an entity from within the application, they need to see all current versions of that entity. This was a very straightforward way for making that happen. But the fact that they are representing the same entity multiple times within the same table(s) doesn't sit well with me, nor does the fact that they are duplicating EVERY piece of data rather than only storing deltas. I would be interested in hearing your reaction to the design, whether positive or negative. I would also be grateful for any resoures you can point me to that might be useful for seeing how someone else has implemented such a mechanism. Thanks! Darvis

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  • SqlServer2008 + expensive union

    - by Tim Mahy
    Hi al, we have 5 tables over which we should query with user search input throughout a stored procedure. We do a union of the similar data inside a view. Because of this the view can not be materialized. We are not able to change these 5 tables drastically (like creating a 6th table that contains the similar data of the 5 tables and reference that new one from the 5 tables). The query is rather expensive / slow what are our other options? It's allowed to think outside the box. Unfortunately I cannot give more information like the table/view/SP definition because of customer confidentiality... greetings, Tim

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  • Question about Cost in Oracle Explain Plan

    - by Will
    When Oracle is estimating the 'Cost' for certain queries, does it actually look at the amount of data (rows) in a table? For example: If I'm doing a full table scan of employees for name='Bob', does it estimate the cost by counting the amount of existing rows, or is it always a set cost?

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  • Precision of Interval for PL/SQL Function value

    - by Gary
    Generally, when you specify a function the scale/precision/size of the return datatype is undefined. For example, you say FUNCTION show_price RETURN NUMBER or FUNCTION show_name RETURN VARCHAR2. You are not allowed to have FUNCTION show_price RETURN NUMBER(10,2) or FUNCTION show_name RETURN VARCHAR2(20), and the function return value is unrestricted. This is documented functionality. Now, I get an precision error (ORA-01873) if I push 9999 hours (about 400 days) into the following. The limit is because the default days precision is 2 DECLARE v_int INTERVAL DAY (4) TO SECOND(0); FUNCTION hhmm_to_interval return INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND IS v_hhmm INTERVAL DAY (4) TO SECOND(0); BEGIN v_hhmm := to_dsinterval('PT9999H'); RETURN v_hhmm; -- END hhmm_to_interval; BEGIN v_int := hhmm_to_interval; end; / and it won't allow the precision to be specified directly as part of the datatype returned by the function. DECLARE v_int INTERVAL DAY (4) TO SECOND(0); FUNCTION hhmm_to_interval return INTERVAL DAY (4) TO SECOND IS v_hhmm INTERVAL DAY (4) TO SECOND(0); BEGIN v_hhmm := to_dsinterval('PT9999H'); RETURN v_hhmm; -- END hhmm_to_interval; BEGIN v_int := hhmm_to_interval; end; / I can use a SUBTYPE DECLARE subtype t_int is INTERVAL DAY (4) TO SECOND(0); v_int INTERVAL DAY (4) TO SECOND(0); FUNCTION hhmm_to_interval return t_int IS v_hhmm INTERVAL DAY (4) TO SECOND(0); BEGIN v_hhmm := to_dsinterval('PT9999H'); RETURN v_hhmm; -- END hhmm_to_interval; BEGIN v_int := hhmm_to_interval; end; / Any drawbacks to the subtype approach ? Any alternatives (eg some place to change a default precision) ? Working with 10gR2.

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  • transforming from 'Y' or 'N' to bit

    - by rap-uvic
    Hello, I have a table which has a column called Direct of type char(1). It's values are either 'Y' or 'N' or NULL. I am creating a view and I want the value to be transformed to either 0 or 1 of type bit. Right now it's of type INT. How do I go about doing this? Following is the code: CASE WHEN Direct = 'Y' THEN (SELECT 1) WHEN Direct <> 'Y' THEN (SELECT 0) END AS DirectDebit

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  • Does the optimizer filter subqueries with outer where clauses

    - by Mongus Pong
    Take the following query: select * from ( select a, b from c UNION select a, b from d ) where a = 'mung' Will the optimizer generally work out that I am filtering a on the value 'mung' and consequently filter mung on each of the queries in the subquery. OR will it run each query within the subquery union and return the results to the outer query for filtering (as the query would perhaps suggest) In which case the following query would perform better : select * from ( select a, b from c where a = 'mung' UNION select a, b from d where a = 'mung' ) Obviously query 1 is best for maintenance, but is it sacrificing much performace for this? Which is best?

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  • MYSQL join - reference external field from nested select?

    - by PHP thinker
    Is it allowed to reference external field from nested select? E.g. SELECT FROM ext1 LEFT JOIN (SELECT * FROM int2 WHERE int2.id = ext1.some_id ) as x ON 1=1 in this case, this is referencing ext1.some_id in nested select. I am getting errors in this case that field ext1.some_id is unknow. Is it possible? Is there some other way?

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  • How to avoid timestamp issue in a long query?

    - by pingi
    Hi, I have the following 2 tables: items: id int primary key bla text events: id_items int num int when timestamp without time zone ble text composite primary key: id_items, num and want to select to each item the most recent event (the newest 'when'). I wrote an request, but I don't know if it could be written more efficiently. Also on PostgreSQL there is a issue with comparing Timestamp objects: 2010-05-08T10:00:00.123 == 2010-05-08T10:00:00.321 so I select with 'MAX(num)' Any thoughts how to make it better? Thanks. SELECT i.*, ea.* FROM items AS i JOIN ( SELECT t.s AS t_s, t.c AS t_c, max(e.num) AS o FROM events AS e JOIN ( SELECT DISTINCT id_item AS s, MAX(when) AS c FROM events GROUP BY s ORDER BY c ) AS t ON t.s = e.id_item AND e.when = t.c GROUP BY t.s, t.c ) AS tt ON tt.t_s = i.id JOIN events AS ea ON ea.id_item = tt.t_s AND ea.cas = tt.t_c AND ea.num = tt.o;

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  • Delete backup files older than 7 days

    - by rockbala
    Using osql command, SSQL backup of a database is created. It is saved to Disk. Then renamed to match the date of the day backup was taken. All these files are saved in a single folder all the time. for example: Batch1.bat does the following 1) Created backup.bak 2) renamed to backup 12-13-2009.bak (this is done by the combination of % ~ - etc to get the date parameter) This is now automated to take backup everyday by Task scheduler in Windows. Can the batch file also be modified to delete backup files older than 7 days? if so, how ? If it is not possible via batch file, other than manually deleting the files are there any other alternatives to automate the deleting job ? Thanks in advance, Balaji S

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  • Sybase stored procedure - how do I create an index on a #table?

    - by DVK
    I have a stored procedure which creates and works with a temporary #table Some of the queries would be tremendously optimized if that temporary #table would have an index created on it. However, creating an index within the stored procedure fails: create procedure test1 as SELECT f1, f2, f3 INTO #table1 FROM main_table WHERE 1 = 2 -- insert rows into #table1 create index my_idx on #table1 (f1) SELECT f1, f2, f3 FROM #table1 (index my_idx) WHERE f1 = 11 -- "QUERY X" When I call the above, the query plan for "QUERY X" shows a table scan. If I simply run the code above outside the stored procedure, the messages show the following warning: Index 'my_idx' specified as optimizer hint in the FROM clause of table '#table1' does not exist. Optimizer will choose another index instead. This can be resolved when running ad-hoc (outside the stored procedure) by splitting the code above in two batches by addding "go" after index creation: create index my_idx on #table1 (f1) go Now, "QUERY X" query plan shows the use of index "my_idx". QUESTION: How do I mimique running the "create index" in a separate batch when it's inside the stored procedure? I can't insert a "go" there like I do with the ad-hoc copy above. P.S. If it matters, this is on Sybase 12.

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  • C# Select clause returns system exception instead of relevant object

    - by Kashif
    I am trying to use the select clause to pick out an object which matches a specified name field from a database query as follows: objectQuery = from obj in objectList where obj.Equals(objectName) select obj; In the results view of my query, I get: base {System.SystemException} = {"Boolean Equals(System.Object)"} Where I should be expecting something like a Car, Make, or Model Would someone please explain what I am doing wrong here? The method in question can be seen here: // this function searches the database's table for a single object that matches the 'Name' property with 'objectName' public static T Read<T>(string objectName) where T : IEquatable<T> { using (ISession session = NHibernateHelper.OpenSession()) { IQueryable<T> objectList = session.Query<T>(); // pull (query) all the objects from the table in the database int count = objectList.Count(); // return the number of objects in the table // alternative: int count = makeList.Count<T>(); IQueryable<T> objectQuery = null; // create a reference for our queryable list of objects T foundObject = default(T); // create an object reference for our found object if (count > 0) { // give me all objects that have a name that matches 'objectName' and store them in 'objectQuery' objectQuery = from obj in objectList where obj.Equals(objectName) select obj; // make sure that 'objectQuery' has only one object in it try { foundObject = (T)objectQuery.Single(); } catch { return default(T); } // output some information to the console (output screen) Console.WriteLine("Read Make: " + foundObject.ToString()); } // pass the reference of the found object on to whoever asked for it return foundObject; } } Note that I am using the interface "IQuatable<T>" in my method descriptor. An example of the classes I am trying to pull from the database is: public class Make: IEquatable<Make> { public virtual int Id { get; set; } public virtual string Name { get; set; } public virtual IList<Model> Models { get; set; } public Make() { // this public no-argument constructor is required for NHibernate } public Make(string makeName) { this.Name = makeName; } public override string ToString() { return Name; } // Implementation of IEquatable<T> interface public virtual bool Equals(Make make) { if (this.Id == make.Id) { return true; } else { return false; } } // Implementation of IEquatable<T> interface public virtual bool Equals(String name) { if (this.Name.Equals(name)) { return true; } else { return false; } } } And the interface is described simply as: public interface IEquatable<T> { bool Equals(T obj); }

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  • Acceessing some aggregate functions in a linq datasource in a GridView

    - by Stephen Pellicer
    I am working on a traditional WebForms project. In the project I am trying out some Linq datasources with plans to eventually migrate to an MVC architecture. I am still very new to Linq. I have a GridView using a Linq datasource. The entities I am showing has a to many relationship and I would like to get the maximum value of a column in the many side of the relationship. I can show properties of the base entity in the gridview: <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Number" SortExpression="tJobBase.tJob.JobNumber"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("tJobBase.tJob.JobNumber") %>'> </asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> I can also show the count of the many related property: <asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Number" SortExpression="tJobBase.tJob.tHourlies.Count"> <ItemTemplate> <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text='<%# Bind("tJobBase.tJob.tHourlies.Count") %>'> </asp:Label> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> Is there a way to get the max value of a column called WeekEnding in the tHourlies collection to show in the GridView?

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  • Properly populating tables in an Object Relational database

    - by chaosTechnician
    I've got a homework assignment that requires that I use Oracle 10g Express to implement an Object Relational database to track phone billing data. I have a superclass of Communications with subclasses of Call, Text, and Data. I'm hitting a snag with properly populating these tables so that I can find the appropriate data in the various tables. My Types and Tables are declared as such: create type CommunicationType as object ( -- column names here ) not final; create type CallType under CommunicationType ( -- column names here ); create type TextType under CommunicationType ( -- column names here ); create type DataType under CommunicationType ( -- column names here ); create table Communications of CommunicationType ( -- Primary and Foreign key constraints here ); create table Calls of CallType; create table Texts of TextType; create table Datas of DataType; When I try to insert data into one of the subclasses, its entry doesn't appear in the superclass. Likewise if I insert into the superclass, it doesn't show up in the appropriate subclass. For example, insert into Calls values (CallType( -- Values -- )); doesn't show any data in Communications. Nor does insert into Communications values (CallType( -- Values -- )); show anything in Calls. What am I doing wrong?

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  • Simple Database normalization question...

    - by user365531
    Hi all, I have a quick question regarding a database that I am designing and making sure it is normalized... I have a customer table, with a primary key of customerId. It has a StatusCode column that has a code which reflects the customers account status ie. 1 = Open, 2 = Closed, 3 = Suspended etc... Now I would like to have another field in the customer table that flags whether the account is allowed to be suspended or not... certain customers will be automatically suspended if they break there trading terms... others not... so the relevant table fields will be as so: Customers (CustomerId(PK):StatusCode:IsSuspensionAllowed) Now both fields are dependent on the primary key as you can not determine the status or whether suspensions are allowed on a particular customer unless you know the specific customer, except of course when the IsSuspensionAllowed field is set to YES, the the customer should never have a StatusCode of 3 (Suspended). It seems from the above table design it is possible for this to happen unless a check contraint is added to my table. I can't see how another table could be added to the relational design to enforce this though as it's only in the case where IsSuspensionAllowed is set to YES and StatusCode is set to 3 when the two have a dependence on each other. So after my long winded explanation my question is this: Is this a normalization problem and I'm not seeing a relational design that will enforce this... or is it actually just a business rule that should be enforced with a check contraint and the table is in fact still normalized. Cheers, Steve

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  • Tentative date casting in tsql

    - by Tewr
    I am looking for something like TRYCAST in TSQL or an equivalent method / hack. In my case I am extracting some date data from an xml column. The following query throws "Arithmetic overflow error converting expression to data type datetime." if the piece of data found in the xml cannot be converted to datetime (in this specific case, the date is "0001-01-01" in some cases). Is there a way to detect this exception before it occurs? select [CustomerInfo].value('(//*:InceptionDate/text())[1]', 'datetime') FROM Customers An example of what I am trying to achieve in pseudocode with an imagined tsql function TRYCAST(expr, totype, defaultvalue): select TRYCAST( [CustomerInfo].value('(//*:InceptionDate/text())[1]', 'nvarchar(100)'), datetime, null) FROM Customers

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  • mysql whats wrong with this query?

    - by Hailwood
    I'm trying to write a query that selects from four tables campaignSentParent csp campaignSentEmail cse campaignSentFax csf campaignSentSms css Each of the cse, csf, and css tables are linked to the csp table by csp.id = (cse/csf/css).parentId The csp table has a column called campaignId, What I want to do is end up with rows that look like: | id | dateSent | emailsSent | faxsSent | smssSent | | 1 | 2011-02-04 | 139 | 129 | 140 | But instead I end up with a row that looks like: | 1 | 2011-02-03 | 2510340 | 2510340 | 2510340 | Here is the query I am trying SELECT csp.id id, csp.dateSent dateSent, COUNT(cse.parentId) emailsSent, COUNT(csf.parentId) faxsSent, COUNT(css.parentId) smsSent FROM campaignSentParent csp, campaignSentEmail cse, campaignSentFax csf, campaignSentSms css WHERE csp.campaignId = 1 AND csf.parentId = csp.id AND cse.parentId = csp.id AND css.parentId = csp.id; Adding GROUP BY did not help, so I am posting the create statements. csp CREATE TABLE `campaignsentparent` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `campaignId` int(11) NOT NULL, `dateSent` datetime NOT NULL, `account` int(11) NOT NULL, `status` varchar(15) NOT NULL DEFAULT 'Creating', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 cse/csf (same structure, different names) CREATE TABLE `campaignsentemail` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `parentId` int(11) NOT NULL, `contactId` int(11) NOT NULL, `content` text, `subject` text, `status` varchar(15) DEFAULT 'Pending', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=140 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 css CREATE TABLE `campaignsentsms` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `parentId` int(11) NOT NULL, `contactId` int(11) NOT NULL, `content` text, `status` varchar(15) DEFAULT 'Pending', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=141 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

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  • postgresql is incrementing an update by 2 ?

    - by John Tyler
    I'm migrating our model to postgresql for the FTS and data integrity update myschema.counters set counter_count= (counter_count+1) where counter_id =? Works as expected in mysql, however in postgres it is incrementing by 2 each time? It is simple int field I believe, I don't have anything special going on.

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  • Oracle database connection string PLSQL compatibility

    - by user521180
    Hi I'm using an application called Logi info. it requires a connection string to my oracle database. the connection works fine but in order to configure the connection to recive ref cursors from the database, I apparently need to add PLSQLRSet=1 to the end of the string. when I do that I recieve an error "invalid connection string" Here is my connection string without plsqlrset=1 Data Source=SID; User Id=username; Password=password; My concern is that PLSQLRSet=1 might be .NET paramater only. Can anyone shed some light on the issue. Thanks

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  • LinqToSql: insert instead of update

    - by Christina Mayers
    I am stuck with this problems for a long time now. Everything I try to do is insert a row in my DB if it's new information - if not update the existing one. I've updated many entities in my life before - but what's wrong with this code is beyond me (probably something pretty basic) I guess I can't see the wood for the trees... private Models.databaseDataContext db = new Models.databaseDataContext(); internal void StoreInformations(IEnumerable<EntityType> iEnumerable) { foreach (EntityType item in iEnumerable) { EntityType type = db.EntityType.Where(t => t.Room == iEnumerable.Room).FirstOrDefault(); if (type == null) { db.EntityType.InsertOnSubmit(item); } else { cur.Date = item.Date; cur.LastUpdate = DateTime.Now(); cur.End = item.End; } } } internal void Save() { db.SubmitChanges(); }

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  • Correlate GROUP BY and LEFT JOIN on multiple criteria to show latest record?

    - by Sunbird
    In a simple stock management database, quantity of new stock is added and shipped until quantity reaches zero. Each stock movement is assigned a reference, only the latest reference is used. In the example provided, the latest references are never shown, the stock ID's 1,4 should have references charlie, foxtrot respectively, but instead show alpha, delta. How can a GROUP BY and LEFT JOIN on multiple criteria be correlated to show the latest record? http://sqlfiddle.com/#!2/6bf37/107 CREATE TABLE stock ( id tinyint PRIMARY KEY, quantity int, parent_id tinyint ); CREATE TABLE stock_reference ( id tinyint PRIMARY KEY, stock_id tinyint, stock_reference_type_id tinyint, reference varchar(50) ); CREATE TABLE stock_reference_type ( id tinyint PRIMARY KEY, name varchar(50) ); INSERT INTO stock VALUES (1, 10, 1), (2, -5, 1), (3, -5, 1), (4, 20, 4), (5, -10, 4), (6, -5, 4); INSERT INTO stock_reference VALUES (1, 1, 1, 'Alpha'), (2, 2, 1, 'Beta'), (3, 3, 1, 'Charlie'), (4, 4, 1, 'Delta'), (5, 5, 1, 'Echo'), (6, 6, 1, 'Foxtrot'); INSERT INTO stock_reference_type VALUES (1, 'Customer Reference'); SELECT stock.id, SUM(stock.quantity) as quantity, customer.reference FROM stock LEFT JOIN stock_reference AS customer ON stock.id = customer.stock_id AND stock_reference_type_id = 1 GROUP BY stock.parent_id

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  • Django: Determining if a user has voted or not

    - by TheLizardKing
    I have a long list of links that I spit out using the below code, total votes, submitted by, the usual stuff but I am not 100% on how to determine if the currently logged in user has voted on a link or not. I know how to do this from within my view but do I need to alter my below view code or can I make use of the way templates work to determine it? I have read http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1528583/django-vote-up-down-method but I don't quite understand what's going on ( and don't need any ofjavascriptery). Models (snippet): class Link(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey(Category, blank=False, default=1) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) url = models.URLField(max_length=1024, unique=True, verify_exists=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=512) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.url) class Vote(models.Model): link = models.ForeignKey(Link) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s vote for %s' % (self.user, self.link) Views (snippet): links = Link.objects.select_related().annotate(votes=Count('vote')).order_by('-created')

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