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  • What does O(log n) mean exactly?

    - by Andreas Grech
    I am currently learning about Big O Notation running times and amortized times. I understand the notion of O(n) linear time, meaning that the size of the input affects the growth of the algorithm proportionally...and the same goes for, for example, quadratic time O(n2) etc..even algorithms, such as permutation generators, with O(n!) times, that grow by factorials. For example, the following function is O(n) because the algorithm grows in proportion to its input n: f(int n) { int i; for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) printf("%d", i); } Similarly, if there was a nested loop, the time would be O(n2). But what exactly is O(log n)? For example, what does it mean to say that the height of a complete binary tree is O(log n)? I do know (maybe not in great detail) what Logarithm is, in the sense that: log10 100 = 2, but I cannot understand how to identify a function with a logarithmic time.

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  • Delphi Unicode String Type Stored Directly at its Address (or "Unicode ShortString")

    - by Andreas Rejbrand
    I want a string type that is Unicode and that stores the string directly at the adress of the variable, as is the case of the (Ansi-only) ShortString type. I mean, if I declare a S: ShortString and let S := 'My String', then, at @S, I will find the length of the string (as one byte, so the string cannot contain more than 255 characters) followed by the ANSI-encoded string itself. What I would like is a Unicode variant of this. That is, I want a string type such that, at @S, I will find a unsigned 32-bit integer (or a single byte would be enough, actually) containing the length of the string in bytes (or in characters, which is half the number of bytes) followed by the Unicode representation of the string. I have tried WideString, UnicodeString, and RawByteString, but they all appear only to store an adress at @S, and the actual string somewhere else (I guess this has do do with reference counting and such). Update: The most important reason for this is probably that it would be very problematic if sizeof(string) were variable. I suspect that there is no built-in type to use, and that I have to come up with my own way of storing text the way I want (which actually is fun). Am I right? Update I will, among other things, need to use these strings in packed records. I also need manually to read/write these strings to files/the heap. I could live with fixed-size strings, such as <= 128 characters, and I could redesign the problem so it will work with null-terminated strings. But PChar will not work, for sizeof(PChar) = 1 - it's merely an address. The approach I eventually settled for was to use a static array of bytes. I will post my implementation as a solution later today.

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  • Mobile web page size

    - by andreas
    Hey all! I have a developer designing a financial application to be used on a mobile phone via the phones browser. Now each page is 150kb wich to my opinion is way to large. No images are used as it is mostlyhtml buttons and css and possibly javscript. How can i minimise the page size?

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  • Is NSManagedObjectContext autosaved or am I looking at NSFetchedResultsController's cache?

    - by Andreas
    I'm developing an iPhone app where I use a NSFetchedResultsController in the main table view controller. I create it like this in the viewDidload of the main table view controller: NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptorDate = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"date" ascending:YES]; NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptorTime = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"start" ascending:YES]; NSArray *sortDescriptors = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:sortDescriptorDate,sortDescriptorTime, nil]; [fetchRequest setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptors]; [sortDescriptorDate release]; [sortDescriptorTime release]; [sortDescriptors release]; controller = [[NSFetchedResultsController alloc] initWithFetchRequest:fetchRequest managedObjectContext:context sectionNameKeyPath:@"date" cacheName:nil]; [fetchRequest release]; NSError *error; BOOL success = [controller performFetch:&error]; Then, in a subsequent view, I create a new object on the context: TestObject *testObject = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"TestObject" inManagedObjectContext:context]; The TestObject has several related object which I create in the same way and add to the testObject using the provided add...Objects methods. Then, if before saving the context, I press cancel and go back to the main table view, nothing is shown as expected. However, if I restart the app, the object I created on the context shows in the main table view. How come? At first, I thought it was because the NSFetchedResultsController was reading from the cache, but as you can see I set this to nil just to test. Also, [context hasChanges] returns true after I restart. What am I missing here?

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  • subset in geom_point SOMETIMES returns full dataset, instead of none.

    - by Andreas
    I ask the following in the hope that someone might come up with a generic description about the problem.Basically I have no idea whats wrong with my code. When I run the code below, plot nr. 8 turns out wrong. Specifically the subset in geom_point does not work the way it should. (update: With plot nr. 8 the whole dataset is plottet, instead of only the subset). If somebody can tell me what the problem is, I'll update this post. SOdata <- structure(list(id = 10:55, one = c(7L, 8L, 7L, NA, 7L, 8L, 5L, 7L, 7L, 8L, NA, 10L, 8L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 6L, 5L, 6L, 8L, 4L, 7L, 6L, 9L, 7L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 6L, 5L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 6L, 6L, 8L, 6L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 5L, 8L), two = c(7L, NA, 8L, NA, 10L, 10L, 8L, 9L, 4L, 10L, NA, 10L, 9L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 9L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 10L, 9L, 10L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 10L, 8L, 9L, 7L, 9L), three = c(7L, 10L, 7L, NA, 10L, 10L, NA, 10L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 10L, NA, NA, 4L, NA, 7L, 7L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 4L, 7L, NA, 10L, 4L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 10L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 10L), four = c(7L, 10L, 4L, NA, 10L, 7L, NA, 7L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 10L, NA, NA, 4L, NA, 10L, 10L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 7L, 7L, NA, 10L, 7L, 4L, 10L, 4L, 7L, 10L, 2L, 10L, 4L, 12L, 4L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 12L, 12L, 4L, 7L, 10L), five = c(7L, NA, 6L, NA, 8L, 8L, 7L, NA, 9L, NA, NA, NA, 9L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 7L, 8L, NA, NA, 7L, 7L, 4L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 5L, 6L, 5L, 7L, 7L, 6L, 9L, NA, 10L, 7L, 8L, 5L, 7L, 10L, 7L, 4L, 5L, 10L), six = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L), .Label = c("2010-05-25", "2010-05-27", "2010-06-07"), class = "factor"), seven = c(0.777777777777778, 0.833333333333333, 0.333333333333333, 0.888888888888889, 0.5, 0.888888888888889, 0.777777777777778, 0.722222222222222, 0.277777777777778, 0.611111111111111, 0.722222222222222, 1, 0.888888888888889, 0.722222222222222, 0.555555555555556, NA, 0, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.722222222222222, 0.833333333333333, 0.888888888888889, 0.666666666666667, 1, 0.777777777777778, 0.722222222222222, 0.5, 0.833333333333333, 0.722222222222222, 0.388888888888889, 0.722222222222222, 1, 0.611111111111111, 0.777777777777778, 0.722222222222222, 0.944444444444444, 0.555555555555556, 0.666666666666667, 0.722222222222222, 0.444444444444444, 0.333333333333333, 0.777777777777778), eight = c(0.666666666666667, 0.333333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 1, 1, 0.833333333333333, 0.166666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 1, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.333333333333333, 0.5, 0, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.333333333333333, 0.333333333333333, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 0, 0.833333333333333, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 1, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667), nine = c(0.307692307692308, NA, 0.461538461538462, 0.538461538461538, 1, 0.769230769230769, 0.538461538461538, 0.692307692307692, 0, 0.153846153846154, 0.769230769230769, NA, 0.461538461538462, NA, NA, NA, NA, 0, 0.615384615384615, 0.615384615384615, 0.769230769230769, 0.384615384615385, 0.846153846153846, 0.923076923076923, 0.615384615384615, 0.692307692307692, 0.0769230769230769, 0.846153846153846, 0.384615384615385, 0.384615384615385, 0.461538461538462, 0.384615384615385, 0.461538461538462, NA, 0.923076923076923, 0.692307692307692, 0.615384615384615, 0.615384615384615, 0.769230769230769, 0.0769230769230769, 0.230769230769231, 0.692307692307692, 0.769230769230769, 0.230769230769231, 0.769230769230769, 0.615384615384615), ten = c(0.875, 0.625, 0.375, 0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 0.625, 0.875, 1, 0.125, 1, NA, 0.625, 0.75, 0.75, 0.375, NA, 0.625, 0.5, 0.75, 0.875, 0.625, 0.875, 0.75, 0.625, 0.875, 0.5, 0.75, 0, 0.5, 0.875, 1, 0.75, 0.125, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.625, 0.375, 0.625, 0.625, 0.75, 0.875, 0.375, 0, 0.875), elleven = c(1, 0.8, 0.7, 0.9, 0, 1, 0.9, 0.5, 0, 0.8, 0.8, NA, 0.8, NA, NA, 0.8, NA, 0.4, 0.8, 0.5, 1, 0.4, 0.5, 0.9, 0.8, 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.3, 0.9, 0.2, 1, 0.8, 0.1, 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 0.9, 0.6, 0.8, 0.2, 1), twelve = c(0.666666666666667, NA, 0.133333333333333, 1, 1, 0.8, 0.4, 0.733333333333333, NA, 0.933333333333333, NA, NA, 0.6, 0.533333333333333, NA, 0.533333333333333, NA, 0, 0.6, 0.533333333333333, 0.733333333333333, 0.6, 0.733333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.533333333333333, 0.733333333333333, 0.466666666666667, 0.733333333333333, 1, 0.733333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.533333333333333, NA, 0.533333333333333, 0.6, 0.866666666666667, 0.466666666666667, 0.533333333333333, 0.333333333333333, 0.6, 0.6, 0.866666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.6, 0.6, 0.533333333333333)), .Names = c("id", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "elleven", "twelve"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -46L)) iqr <- function(x, ...) { qs <- quantile(as.numeric(x), c(0.25, 0.5, 0.75), na.rm = T) names(qs) <- c("ymin", "y", "ymax") qs } magic <- function(y, ...) { high <- median(SOdata[[y]], na.rm=T)+1.5*sd(SOdata[[y]],na.rm=T) low <- median(SOdata[[y]], na.rm=T)-1.5*sd(SOdata[[y]],na.rm=T) ggplot(SOdata, aes_string(x="six", y=y))+ stat_summary(fun.data="iqr", geom="crossbar", fill="grey", alpha=0.3)+ geom_point(data = SOdata[SOdata[[y]] > high,], position=position_jitter(w=0.1, h=0),col="green", alpha=0.5)+ geom_point(data = SOdata[SOdata[[y]] < low,], position=position_jitter(w=0.1, h=0),col="red", alpha=0.5)+ stat_summary(fun.y=median, geom="point",shape=18 ,size=4, col="orange") } for (i in names(SOdata)[-c(1,7)]) { p<- magic(i) ggsave(paste("magig_plot_",i,".png",sep=""), plot=p, height=3.5, width=5.5) }

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  • hg access control to central repository

    - by andreas buykx
    We come from a subversion background where we have a QA manager who gives commit rights to the central repository once he has verified that all QC activities have been done. Me and a couple of colleagues are starting to use mercurial, and we want to have a shared repository that would contain our QC-ed changes. Each of the developers hg clones the repository and pushes his changes back to the shared repository. I've read the HG init tutorial and skimmed through the red bean book, but could not find how to control who is allowed to push changes to the shared repository. How would our existing model of QA-manager controlled commits translate to a mercurial 'central' repository?

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  • filtering directly and indirectly connected things from list

    - by Andreas Romeyke
    Hello, if you have a function "test a b" which returns true if a and b are connected directly and if you have a given unordered list of things, what would be an elegant and fast solution to filter all connected things from given list? Example: let test a b = let diff = a - b in diff == 0 ;; let lst = [4;1;7;3;8;9;2;0] ;; filter_connected 2 lst ;; - [4;1;3;2;0] Any hints?

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  • How To Get the Name of the Current Procedure/Function in Delphi (As a String)

    - by Andreas Rejbrand
    Is it possible to obtain the name of the current procedure/function as a string, within a procedure/function? I suppose there would be some "macro" that is expanded at compile-time. My scenario is this: I have a lot of procedures that are given a record and they all need to start by checking the validity of the record, and so they pass the record to a "validator procedure". The validator procedure raises an exception if the record is invalid, and I want the message of the exception to include not the name of the validator procedure, but the name of the function/procedure that called the validator procedure (naturally). That is, I have procedure ValidateStruct(const Struct: TMyStruct; const Sender: string); begin if <StructIsInvalid> then raise Exception.Create(Sender + ': Structure is invalid.'); end; and then procedure SomeProc1(const Struct: TMyStruct); begin ValidateStruct(Struct, 'SomeProc1'); ... end; ... procedure SomeProcN(const Struct: TMyStruct); begin ValidateStruct(Struct, 'SomeProcN'); ... end; It would be somewhat less error-prone if I instead could write something like procedure SomeProc1(const Struct: TMyStruct); begin ValidateStruct(Struct, {$PROCNAME}); ... end; ... procedure SomeProcN(const Struct: TMyStruct); begin ValidateStruct(Struct, {$PROCNAME}); ... end; and then each time the compiler encounters a {$PROCNAME}, it simply replaces the "macro" with the name of the current function/procedure as a string literal.

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  • how to use ggplot conditional on data

    - by Andreas
    I asked this question and it seams ggplot2 currently has a bug with empty data.frames. Therefore I am trying to check if the dataframe is empty, before I make the plot. But what ever I come up with, it gets really ugly, and doesn't work. So I am asking for your help. example data: SOdata <- structure(list(id = 10:55, one = c(7L, 8L, 7L, NA, 7L, 8L, 5L, 7L, 7L, 8L, NA, 10L, 8L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 6L, 5L, 6L, 8L, 4L, 7L, 6L, 9L, 7L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 6L, 5L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 6L, 6L, 8L, 6L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 5L, 8L), two = c(7L, NA, 8L, NA, 10L, 10L, 8L, 9L, 4L, 10L, NA, 10L, 9L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 7L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 9L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 10L, 9L, 10L, 8L, 9L, 10L, 8L, 8L, 7L, 10L, 8L, 9L, 7L, 9L), three = c(7L, 10L, 7L, NA, 10L, 10L, NA, 10L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 10L, NA, NA, 4L, NA, 7L, 7L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 4L, 7L, NA, 10L, 4L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 10L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 4L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 10L), four = c(7L, 10L, 4L, NA, 10L, 7L, NA, 7L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 10L, NA, NA, 4L, NA, 10L, 10L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 7L, 7L, 7L, NA, 10L, 7L, 4L, 10L, 4L, 7L, 10L, 2L, 10L, 4L, 12L, 4L, 7L, 10L, 10L, 12L, 12L, 4L, 7L, 10L), five = c(7L, NA, 6L, NA, 8L, 8L, 7L, NA, 9L, NA, NA, NA, 9L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 7L, 8L, NA, NA, 7L, 7L, 4L, NA, NA, NA, NA, 5L, 6L, 5L, 7L, 7L, 6L, 9L, NA, 10L, 7L, 8L, 5L, 7L, 10L, 7L, 4L, 5L, 10L), six = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L), .Label = c("2010-05-25", "2010-05-27", "2010-06-07"), class = "factor"), seven = c(0.777777777777778, 0.833333333333333, 0.333333333333333, 0.888888888888889, 0.5, 0.888888888888889, 0.777777777777778, 0.722222222222222, 0.277777777777778, 0.611111111111111, 0.722222222222222, 1, 0.888888888888889, 0.722222222222222, 0.555555555555556, NA, 0, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.722222222222222, 0.833333333333333, 0.888888888888889, 0.666666666666667, 1, 0.777777777777778, 0.722222222222222, 0.5, 0.833333333333333, 0.722222222222222, 0.388888888888889, 0.722222222222222, 1, 0.611111111111111, 0.777777777777778, 0.722222222222222, 0.944444444444444, 0.555555555555556, 0.666666666666667, 0.722222222222222, 0.444444444444444, 0.333333333333333, 0.777777777777778), eight = c(0.666666666666667, 0.333333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 1, 1, 0.833333333333333, 0.166666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.833333333333333, 1, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.333333333333333, 0.5, 0, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.333333333333333, 0.333333333333333, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 0, 0.833333333333333, 1, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 0.666666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.5, 1, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.833333333333333, 0.666666666666667), nine = c(0.307692307692308, NA, 0.461538461538462, 0.538461538461538, 1, 0.769230769230769, 0.538461538461538, 0.692307692307692, 0, 0.153846153846154, 0.769230769230769, NA, 0.461538461538462, NA, NA, NA, NA, 0, 0.615384615384615, 0.615384615384615, 0.769230769230769, 0.384615384615385, 0.846153846153846, 0.923076923076923, 0.615384615384615, 0.692307692307692, 0.0769230769230769, 0.846153846153846, 0.384615384615385, 0.384615384615385, 0.461538461538462, 0.384615384615385, 0.461538461538462, NA, 0.923076923076923, 0.692307692307692, 0.615384615384615, 0.615384615384615, 0.769230769230769, 0.0769230769230769, 0.230769230769231, 0.692307692307692, 0.769230769230769, 0.230769230769231, 0.769230769230769, 0.615384615384615), ten = c(0.875, 0.625, 0.375, 0.75, 0.75, 0.75, 0.625, 0.875, 1, 0.125, 1, NA, 0.625, 0.75, 0.75, 0.375, NA, 0.625, 0.5, 0.75, 0.875, 0.625, 0.875, 0.75, 0.625, 0.875, 0.5, 0.75, 0, 0.5, 0.875, 1, 0.75, 0.125, 0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 0.625, 0.375, 0.625, 0.625, 0.75, 0.875, 0.375, 0, 0.875), elleven = c(1, 0.8, 0.7, 0.9, 0, 1, 0.9, 0.5, 0, 0.8, 0.8, NA, 0.8, NA, NA, 0.8, NA, 0.4, 0.8, 0.5, 1, 0.4, 0.5, 0.9, 0.8, 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.3, 0.9, 0.2, 1, 0.8, 0.1, 1, 0.8, 0.5, 0.2, 0.7, 0.8, 1, 0.9, 0.6, 0.8, 0.2, 1), twelve = c(0.666666666666667, NA, 0.133333333333333, 1, 1, 0.8, 0.4, 0.733333333333333, NA, 0.933333333333333, NA, NA, 0.6, 0.533333333333333, NA, 0.533333333333333, NA, 0, 0.6, 0.533333333333333, 0.733333333333333, 0.6, 0.733333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.533333333333333, 0.733333333333333, 0.466666666666667, 0.733333333333333, 1, 0.733333333333333, 0.666666666666667, 0.533333333333333, NA, 0.533333333333333, 0.6, 0.866666666666667, 0.466666666666667, 0.533333333333333, 0.333333333333333, 0.6, 0.6, 0.866666666666667, 0.666666666666667, 0.6, 0.6, 0.533333333333333)), .Names = c("id", "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten", "elleven", "twelve"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -46L)) And the plot iqr <- function(x, ...) { qs <- quantile(as.numeric(x), c(0.25, 0.5, 0.75), na.rm = T) names(qs) <- c("ymin", "y", "ymax") qs } magic <- function(y, ...) { high <- median(SOdata[[y]], na.rm=T)+1.5*sd(SOdata[[y]],na.rm=T) low <- median(SOdata[[y]], na.rm=T)-1.5*sd(SOdata[[y]],na.rm=T) ggplot(SOdata, aes_string(x="six", y=y))+ stat_summary(fun.data="iqr", geom="crossbar", fill="grey", alpha=0.3)+ geom_point(data = SOdata[SOdata[[y]] > high,], position=position_jitter(w=0.1, h=0),col="green", alpha=0.5)+ geom_point(data = SOdata[SOdata[[y]] < low,], position=position_jitter(w=0.1, h=0),col="red", alpha=0.5)+ stat_summary(fun.y=median, geom="point",shape=18 ,size=4, col="orange") } for (i in names(SOdata)[-c(1,7)]) { p<- magic(i) ggsave(paste("magig_plot_",i,".png",sep=""), plot=p, height=3.5, width=5.5) } The problem is that sometimes in the call to geom_point the subset returns an empty dataframe, which sometimes (!) causes ggplot2 to plot all the data instead of none of the data. geom_point(data = SOdata[SOdata[[y]] > high,], position=position_jitter(w=0.1, h=0),col="green", alpha=0.5)+ This is kindda of important to me, and I am really stuck trying to find a solution. Any help that will get me started is much appreciated. Thanks in advance.

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  • Efficient way to ASCII encode UTF-8

    - by Andreas Gohr
    I'm looking for a simple and efficient way to store UTF-8 strings in ASCII-7. With efficient I mean the following: all ASCII chars in the input should stay ASCII chars in the output the resulting string should be as short as possible the operation needs to be reversable without any data loss there should be no restriction on the input length the whole UTF-8 range should be allowed My first idea was to use Punycode (IDNA) as it fits the first three requirements, but it fails at the last two. Can anyone recommend an alternative encoding scheme? Even better if there's some code available to look at.

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  • How much does Website Development cost nowadays?

    - by Andreas Grech
    I am thinking of setting up my own freelance business but coming from a workplace that offers a particular service to huge clients, I do not know what are the current charges for websites are nowadays. I know that as technology just keeps changing and changing (most of the time, for the better...), the amount you charge for a single website is constantly differing. Like for example, I don't think static websites (with just static html pages) are that expensive today, no? (as i said, I might be mistaken since I haven't really touched on this freelance industry yet) So, freelance web-developers out there, can you give me estimates on how much you charge for your clients? Some examples of websites that I want to know an approx charge: ~10 static html pages ~10 dhtml pages (with maybe a flasy menu on the top/side) Database driven websites with a standard CMS (be it the one you developed, or an existing one) Database driven but with a custom-built cms for the particular client Using an existing template for a design Starting the design from scratch etc... I know that the normally clients don't really care about the technologies used to construct their websites, but do you charge differently according to which technology you use to build the website with?; as in, is the technology a factor when setting the price? ...being ASP.Net, PHP, Ruby On Rails etc... Also, how do you go on about charging your clients for your services? What are the major factors that you consider when setting a price tag for a website to a client ? And better yet, how do you even find prospective clients? <= [or should I leave this question for a different post?] Btw, in your post, also mention some numbers (in cash values, be it in USD, GBP, EUR or anything) because I want to be able to take calculate some averages from this post when some answers stack up

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  • itextsharp PdfCopy and landscape pages

    - by Andreas Rehm
    I'm using itextsharp to join mutiple pdf documents and add a footer. My code works fine - except for landscape pages - it isn't detecting the page rotation - the footer is not centerd for landscape: public static int AddPagesFromStream(Document document, PdfCopy pdfCopy, Stream m, bool addFooter, int detailPages, string footer, int footerPageNumOffset, int numPages, string pageLangString, string printLangString) { CreateFont(); try { m.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin); var reader = new PdfReader(m); // get page count var pdfPages = reader.NumberOfPages; var i = 0; // add pages while (i < pdfPages) { i++; // import page with pdfcopy var page = pdfCopy.GetImportedPage(reader, i); // get page center float posX; float posY; var rotation = page.BoundingBox.Rotation; if (rotation == 0 || rotation == 180) { posX = page.Width / 2; posY = 0; } else { posX = page.Height / 2; posY = 20f; } var ps = pdfCopy.CreatePageStamp(page); var cb = ps.GetOverContent(); // add footer cb.SetColorFill(BaseColor.WHITE); var gs1 = new PdfGState {FillOpacity = 0.8f}; cb.SetGState(gs1); cb.Rectangle(0, 0, document.PageSize.Width, 46f + posY); cb.Fill(); // Text cb.SetColorFill(BaseColor.BLACK); cb.SetFontAndSize(baseFont, 7); cb.BeginText(); // create text var pages = string.Format(pageLangString, i + footerPageNumOffset, numPages); cb.ShowTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_CENTER, printLangString, posX, 40f + posY, 0f); cb.ShowTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_CENTER, footer, posX, 28f + posY, 0f); cb.ShowTextAligned(PdfContentByte.ALIGN_CENTER, pages, posX, 20f + posY, 0f); cb.EndText(); ps.AlterContents(); // add page to new pdf pdfCopy.AddPage(page); } // close PdfReader reader.Close(); // return number of pages return i; } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e); return 0; } } How do I detect the page rotation (e.g. landscape) format in this case? The given example works for PdfReader but not for PdfCopy. Edit: Why do I need PdfCopy? I tried copying a word pdf export. Some word hyperlinks will not work when you try to copy pages with PdfReader. Only PdfCopy transfers all needed page informations. Edit: (SOLVED) You need to use reader.GetPageRotation(i);

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  • Delphi Typed Constants in Case Statements

    - by Andreas Rejbrand
    What is the most elegant (or least ugly) way of using typed constants in a case statement in Delphi? That is, assume for this question that you need to declare a typed constant as in const MY_CONST: cardinal = $12345678; ... Then the Delphi compiler will not accept case MyExpression of MY_CONST: { Do Something }; ... end; but you need to write case MyExpression of $12345678: { Do Something }; ... end; which is error-prone, hard to update, and not elegant. Is there any trick you can employ to make the compiler insert the value of the constant (preferably by checking the value of the constant under const in the source code, but maybe by looking-up the value at runtime)? We assume here that you will not alter the value of the "constant" at runtime.

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  • Float addition promoted to double?

    - by Andreas Brinck
    I had a small WTF moment this morning. Ths WTF can be summarized with this: float x = 0.2f; float y = 0.1f; float z = x + y; assert(z == x + y); //This assert is triggered! (Atleast with visual studio 2008) The reason seems to be that the expression x + y is promoted to double and compared with the truncated version in z. (If i change z to double the assert isn't triggered). I can see that for precision reasons it would make sense to perform all floating point arithmetics in double precision before converting the result to single precision. I found the following paragraph in the standard (which I guess I sort of already knew, but not in this context): 4.6.1. "An rvalue of type float can be converted to an rvalue of type double. The value is unchanged" My question is, is x + y guaranteed to be promoted to double or is at the compiler's discretion? UPDATE: Since many people has claimed that one shouldn't use == for floating point, I just wanted to state that in the specific case I'm working with, an exact comparison is justified. Floating point comparision is tricky, here's an interesting link on the subject which I think hasn't been mentioned.

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  • Twitter date unparseable?

    - by Andreas
    Hi, I want to convert the date string in a Twitter response to a Date object, but I always get a ParseException and I cannot see the error!?! Input string: Thu Dec 23 18:26:07 +0000 2010 SimpleDateFormat Pattern: EEE MMM dd HH:mm:ss ZZZZZ yyyy Method: public static Date getTwitterDate(String date) { SimpleDateFormat sf = new SimpleDateFormat(TWITTER); sf.setLenient(true); Date twitterDate = null; try { twitterDate = sf.parse(date); } catch (Exception e) {} return twitterDate; } I also tried this: http://friendpaste.com/2IaKdlT3Zat4ANwdAhxAmZ but that gives the same result. I use Java 1.6 on Mac OS X. Cheers, Andi

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  • SQL IDENTITY COLUMN

    - by andreas
    Hey guys i am have an sql table which is basically a statement. Now lest say the records i have in my table have a date and an identity column which is autonumbered and defines the order which the transactions are displayed in the front end to the client. The issue is during an insert some of the data have gone missing and some transactions between two dates are missing. I need to insert the data into the table but i need to insert them between the dates and not at the end of the table.If i do a a normal insert now the data will appear at the end of the table and not at the date i specify because the identity column is autonumbered and cannot be updated. Thanks

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  • Delphi Performance: Case Versus If

    - by Andreas Rejbrand
    I guess there might be some overlapping with previous SO questions, but I could not find a Delphi-specific question on this topic. Suppose that you want to check if an unsigned 32-bit integer variable "MyAction" is equal to any of the constants ACTION1, ACTION2, ... ACTIONn, where n is - say 1000. I guess that, besides being more elegant, case MyAction of ACTION1: {code}; ACTION2: {code}; ... ACTIONn: {code}; end; if much faster than if MyAction = ACTION1 then // code else if MyAction = ACTION2 then // code ... else if MyAction = ACTIONn then // code; I guess that the if variant takes time O(n) to complete (i.e. to find the right action) if the right action ACTIONi has a high value of i, whereas the case variant takes a lot less time (O(1)?). Am I correct that switch is much faster? Am I correct that the time required to find the right action in the switch case actually is independent of n? I.e. is it true that it does not really take any longer to check a million cases than to check 10 cases? How, exactly, does this work?

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  • HTML/CSS Div placing

    - by Andreas Carlbom
    Yo. There's a tendency in placing divs to follow each other vertically, but what i'm trying to accomplish right now is to is basically to place a number of divs (two) inside a parent div like so: <div id='parent'><div id='onediv'></div> <div id='anotherone'></div> </div> And i'd like to place 'anotherone' just to the right of 'onediv'. Sadly, float:right is pretty much ruining the layout with the divs popping out of their parent divs and whatnot. Any suggestions are welcome. Edit: It might be worth noting that the parent div and 'anotherone' has no height elements at all, with 'onediv' planned to be thought as the "height support" div, allowing the contents of 'anotherone' to make the parent div larger at will.

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  • Attaching event on the fly with prototype

    - by andreas
    Hi, I've been scratching my head over this for an hour... I have a list of todo which has done button on each item. Every time a user clicks on that, it's supposed to do an Ajax call to the server, calling the marking function then updates the whole list. The problem I'm facing is that the new list has done buttons as well on each item. And it doesn't attach the click event anymore after first update. How do you attach an event handler on newly updated element with prototype? Note: I've passed evalScripts: true to the updater wrapper initial event handler attach <script type="text/javascript"> document.observe('dom:loaded', function() { $$('.todo-done a').each(function(a) { $(a).observe('click', function(e) { var todoId = $(this).readAttribute('href').substr(1); new Ajax.Updater('todo-list', $.utils.getPath('/todos/ajax_mark/done'), { onComplete: function() { $.utils.updateList({evalScripts: true}); } }); }); }) }); </script> updateList: <script type="text/javascript"> var Utils = Class.create({ updateList: function(options) { if(typeof options == 'undefined') { options = {}; } new Ajax.Updater('todo-list', $.utils.getPath('/todos/ajax_get'), $H(options).merge({ onComplete: function() { $first = $('todo-list').down(); $first.hide(); Effect.Appear($first, {duration: 0.7}); new Effect.Pulsate($('todo-list').down(), {pulses: 1, duration: 0.4, queue: 'end'}); } }) ); } }) $.utils = new Utils('globals'); </script> any help is very much appreciated, thank you :)

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  • The Implications of Modern Day Software Development Abstractions

    - by Andreas Grech
    I am currently doing a dissertation about the implications or dangers that today's software development practices or teachings may have on the long term effects of programming. Just to make it clear: I am not attacking the use abstractions in programming. Every programmer knows that abstractions are the bases for modularity. What I want to investigate with this dissertation are the positive and negative effects abstractions can have in software development. As regards the positive, I am sure that I can find many sources that can confirm this. But what about the negative effects of abstractions? Do you have any stories to share that talk about when certain abstractions failed on you? The main concern is that many programmers today are programming against abstractions without having the faintest idea of what the abstraction is doing under-the-covers. This may very well lead to bugs and bad design. So, in you're opinion, how important is it that programmers actually know what is going below the abstractions? Taking a simple example from Joel's Back to Basics, C's strcat: void strcat( char* dest, char* src ) { while (*dest) dest++; while (*dest++ = *src++); } The above function hosts the issue that if you are doing string concatenation, the function is always starting from the beginning of the dest pointer to find the null terminator character, whereas if you write the function as follows, you will return a pointer to where the concatenated string is, which in turn allows you to pass this new pointer to the concatenation function as the *dest parameter: char* mystrcat( char* dest, char* src ) { while (*dest) dest++; while (*dest++ = *src++); return --dest; } Now this is obviously a very simple as regards abstractions, but it is the same concept I shall be investigating. Finally, what do you think about the issue that schools are preferring to teach Java instead of C and Lisp ? Can you please give your opinions and your says as regards this subject? Thank you for your time and I appreciate every comment.

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  • Refresh a control on the master page after postback

    - by Andreas
    Hi all! What i am trying to do here is to show a couple of validation messages in form of a bulletlist, so i have a Div on my master page containing a asp:bulletlist. Like this: <div> <asp:BulletedList ID="blstValidationErrorMessage" runat="server" BulletStyle="Disc"> </asp:BulletedList> </div> When i then click the Save button from any of my pages (inside the main contentPlaceHolder) i create a list of messages and give this list as datasouce like this: blstValidationErrorMessage.DataSource = validationMessageCollection; blstValidationErrorMessage.DataBind(); The save button is located inside an updatepanel: asp:UpdatePanel runat="server" ID="UpdatePanel" ChildrenAsTriggers="true" UpdateMode="Conditional" Nothing happens, i can see that the datasource of the bulletlist contains X items, the problems must arise because the Save button is inside an update panel and the elements outside this updatepanel (master page controls for example) is not refreshed. So my question is, how do i make the bulletlist refresh after the postback? Thanks in advance.

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