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  • Binary Search Tree Implementation

    - by Gabe
    I've searched the forum, and tried to implement the code in the threads I found. But I've been working on this real simple program since about 10am, and can't solve the seg. faults for the life of me. Any ideas on what I'm doing wrong would be greatly appreciated. BST.h (All the implementation problems should be in here.) #ifndef BST_H_ #define BST_H_ #include <stdexcept> #include <iostream> #include "btnode.h" using namespace std; /* A class to represent a templated binary search tree. */ template <typename T> class BST { private: //pointer to the root node in the tree BTNode<T>* root; public: //default constructor to make an empty tree BST(); /* You have to document these 4 functions */ void insert(T value); bool search(const T& value) const; bool search(BTNode<T>* node, const T& value) const; void printInOrder() const; void remove(const T& value); //function to print out a visual representation //of the tree (not just print the tree's values //on a single line) void print() const; private: //recursive helper function for "print()" void print(BTNode<T>* node,int depth) const; }; /* Default constructor to make an empty tree */ template <typename T> BST<T>::BST() { root = NULL; } template <typename T> void BST<T>::insert(T value) { BTNode<T>* newNode = new BTNode<T>(value); cout << newNode->data; if(root == NULL) { root = newNode; return; } BTNode<T>* current = new BTNode<T>(NULL); current = root; current->data = root->data; while(true) { if(current->left == NULL && current->right == NULL) break; if(current->right != NULL && current->left != NULL) { if(newNode->data > current->data) current = current->right; else if(newNode->data < current->data) current = current->left; } else if(current->right != NULL && current->left == NULL) { if(newNode->data < current->data) break; else if(newNode->data > current->data) current = current->right; } else if(current->right == NULL && current->left != NULL) { if(newNode->data > current->data) break; else if(newNode->data < current->data) current = current->left; } } if(current->data > newNode->data) current->left = newNode; else current->right = newNode; return; } //public helper function template <typename T> bool BST<T>::search(const T& value) const { return(search(root,value)); //start at the root } //recursive function template <typename T> bool BST<T>::search(BTNode<T>* node, const T& value) const { if(node == NULL || node->data == value) return(node != NULL); //found or couldn't find value else if(value < node->data) return search(node->left,value); //search left subtree else return search(node->right,value); //search right subtree } template <typename T> void BST<T>::printInOrder() const { //print out the value's in the tree in order // //You may need to use this function as a helper //and create a second recursive function //(see "print()" for an example) } template <typename T> void BST<T>::remove(const T& value) { if(root == NULL) { cout << "Tree is empty. No removal. "<<endl; return; } if(!search(value)) { cout << "Value is not in the tree. No removal." << endl; return; } BTNode<T>* current; BTNode<T>* parent; current = root; parent->left = NULL; parent->right = NULL; cout << root->left << "LEFT " << root->right << "RIGHT " << endl; cout << root->data << " ROOT" << endl; cout << current->data << "CURRENT BEFORE" << endl; while(current != NULL) { cout << "INTkhkjhbljkhblkjhlk " << endl; if(current->data == value) break; else if(value > current->data) { parent = current; current = current->right; } else { parent = current; current = current->left; } } cout << current->data << "CURRENT AFTER" << endl; // 3 cases : //We're looking at a leaf node if(current->left == NULL && current->right == NULL) // It's a leaf { if(parent->left == current) parent->left = NULL; else parent->right = NULL; delete current; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; return; } // Node with single child if((current->left == NULL && current->right != NULL) || (current->left != NULL && current->right == NULL)) { if(current->left == NULL && current->right != NULL) { if(parent->left == current) { parent->left = current->right; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; delete current; } else { parent->right = current->right; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; delete current; } } else // left child present, no right child { if(parent->left == current) { parent->left = current->left; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; delete current; } else { parent->right = current->left; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; delete current; } } return; } //Node with 2 children - Replace node with smallest value in right subtree. if (current->left != NULL && current->right != NULL) { BTNode<T>* check; check = current->right; if((check->left == NULL) && (check->right == NULL)) { current = check; delete check; current->right = NULL; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; } else // right child has children { //if the node's right child has a left child; Move all the way down left to locate smallest element if((current->right)->left != NULL) { BTNode<T>* leftCurrent; BTNode<T>* leftParent; leftParent = current->right; leftCurrent = (current->right)->left; while(leftCurrent->left != NULL) { leftParent = leftCurrent; leftCurrent = leftCurrent->left; } current->data = leftCurrent->data; delete leftCurrent; leftParent->left = NULL; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; } else { BTNode<T>* temp; temp = current->right; current->data = temp->data; current->right = temp->right; delete temp; cout << "The value " << value << " was removed." << endl; } } return; } } /* Print out the values in the tree and their relationships visually. Sample output: 22 18 15 10 9 5 3 1 */ template <typename T> void BST<T>::print() const { print(root,0); } template <typename T> void BST<T>::print(BTNode<T>* node,int depth) const { if(node == NULL) { std::cout << std::endl; return; } print(node->right,depth+1); for(int i=0; i < depth; i++) { std::cout << "\t"; } std::cout << node->data << std::endl; print(node->left,depth+1); } #endif main.cpp #include "bst.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { BST<int> tree; cout << endl << "LAB #13 - BINARY SEARCH TREE PROGRAM" << endl; cout << "----------------------------------------------------------" << endl; // Insert. cout << endl << "INSERT TESTS" << endl; // No duplicates allowed. tree.insert(0); tree.insert(5); tree.insert(15); tree.insert(25); tree.insert(20); // Search. cout << endl << "SEARCH TESTS" << endl; int x = 0; int y = 1; if(tree.search(x)) cout << "The value " << x << " is on the tree." << endl; else cout << "The value " << x << " is NOT on the tree." << endl; if(tree.search(y)) cout << "The value " << y << " is on the tree." << endl; else cout << "The value " << y << " is NOT on the tree." << endl; // Removal. cout << endl << "REMOVAL TESTS" << endl; tree.remove(0); tree.remove(1); tree.remove(20); // Print. cout << endl << "PRINTED DIAGRAM OF BINARY SEARCH TREE" << endl; cout << "----------------------------------------------------------" << endl; tree.print(); cout << endl << "Program terminated. Goodbye." << endl << endl; } BTNode.h #ifndef BTNODE_H_ #define BTNODE_H_ #include <iostream> /* A class to represent a node in a binary search tree. */ template <typename T> class BTNode { public: //constructor BTNode(T d); //the node's data value T data; //pointer to the node's left child BTNode<T>* left; //pointer to the node's right child BTNode<T>* right; }; /* Simple constructor. Sets the data value of the BTNode to "d" and defaults its left and right child pointers to NULL. */ template <typename T> BTNode<T>::BTNode(T d) : left(NULL), right(NULL) { data = d; } #endif Thanks.

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  • emacs elisp buffer not running font lock mode until opened by user

    - by jacob
    My problem is I am opening a buffer using (set-buffer (find-tag-noselect (current-word))) and then I try to copy some text out of that buffer. The text that I get back has only the properties (fontified nil). find-tag-noselect automatically opens the buffer found in the TAGS file but it seems it does not run the font lock mode over it. When I manually switch to this buffer after it has been opened and then run the function again when it copies the text it has all the correct text properties attached. So what do I need to do to have this buffer completely initialized so that the correct syntax highlighting will be copied in?

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  • Understand how the TLB (Translation Lookaside buffer) works and interacts with pagetable and addresses

    - by Darxval
    So I am trying to understand this TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer). But I am having a hard time grasping it. in context of having two streams of addresses, tlb and pagetable. I don't understand the association of the TLB to the streamed addresses/tags and page tables. a. 4669, 2227, 13916, 34587, 48870, 12608, 49225 b. 12948, 49419, 46814, 13975, 40004, 12707 TLB Valid Tag Physical Page Number 1 11 12 1 7 4 1 3 6 0 4 9 Page Table Valid Physical Page or in Disk 1 5 0 Disk 0 Disk 1 6 1 9 1 11 0 Disk 1 4 0 Disk 0 Disk 1 3 1 12 How does the TLB work with the pagetable and addresses? The homework question given is: Given the address stream in the table, and the initial TLB and page table states shown above, show the final state of the system also list for each reference if it is a hit in the TLB, a hit in the page table or a page fault. But I think first i just need to know how does the TLB work with these other elements and how to determine things. How do I even start to answer this question?

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  • How is constant buffer allocation handled in DX11?

    - by Marek
    I'm starting with DX11 and I'm not sure if I'm doing the things right. I want to have both pixel and vertex shader program in one file. Both use some shared and some different constant buffers. So it looks like this: Shader.fx cbuffer ForVS : register(b0) { float4x4 wvp; }; cbuffer ForVSandPS : register(b1) { float4 stuff; float4 stuff2; }; cbuffer ForVS2 : register(b2) { float4 stuff; float4 stuff2; }; cbuffer ForPS : register(b3) { float4 stuff; float4 stuff2; }; .... And in code I use mContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 0, 1, bufferVS); mContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 1, 1, bufferVS_PS); mContext->VSSetConstantBuffers( 2, 1, bufferVS2); mContext->PSSetConstantBuffers( 1, 1, bufferVS_PS); mContext->PSSetConstantBuffers( 3, 1, bufferPS); The numbering of buffers in PS is what bugs me, is it alright to bind random slots to shaders (in this example 1 and 3)? Does that mean it still uses just two buffers or does it initialize 0 and 2 buffer pointers to empty? Thank you.

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  • Buffer System For Items

    - by Ohmages
    I am going to reference this image of what I want to accomplish in JavaScript. This is the Diablo buffer system. This question may be a bit advanced (or possibly not even allowed). But I was wondering how you might go about implementing this type of system in a JavaScript game. Currently to implement such a system in JavaScript escapes me, and I am turning to SO to get some suggestions, ideas, and hopefully some insight in how I could accomplish this without being to costly on the CPU. Some thoughts of mine for implementing such a system would be to: Create DIVS within a DIV that hold each position of the inventory Go through each item you own in a container and see which DIV it belongs to Make said item images the DIVs image This type of system might possibly work if ALL items were 1x1, but for this example its not going to work out. I am at a complete lost of ideas how to even accomplish this. Although, maybe rendering directly to the canvas and checking mouse cords could work, there would more than likely be A HUGE annoyance when checking if other items are overlapping each other (meaning you cant place the item down, and possibly switching item with the cursor item ). That said, what am I left with? Do I need to makeshift my own hack system with messy code, or is there some source out there (that I don't know about) that has replicated this type of system in their own game. I would be very grateful to get some replies on how you might go about doing this, and will accept answers that can logically explain how you might implement such a system (code is not required). P.S. Id like to use pure JavaScript, and nothing else (even though it might be "reinventing the wheel", I also like to learn).

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  • Octrees and Vertex Buffer Objects

    - by sharethis
    As many others I want to code a game with a voxel based terrain. The data is represented by voxels which are rendered using triangles. I head of two different approaches and want to combine them. First, I could once divide the space in chunks of a fixed size like many games do. What I could do now is to generate a polygon shape for each chunk and store that in a vertex buffer object (vbo). Each time a voxel changes, the polygon and vbo of its chunk is recreated. Additionally it is easy to dynamically load and reload parts of the terrain. Another approach would be to use octrees and divide the space in eight cubes which are divided again and again. So I could efficiently render the terrain because I don't have to go deeper in a solid cube and can draw that as a single one (with a repeated texture). What I like to use for my game is an octree datastructure. But I can't imagine how to use vbos with that. How is that done, or is this impossible?

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  • Choose at GRUB menu whether NVidia driver should be used

    - by RobinJ
    For some games, I need the nvidia-current driver, but when it's enabled, I can't get my work done as it messes up everything. So is there a way I can get two options in my GRUB menu? One wich will load my operating system with the nvidia-current drivers, and one which will use the default non-proprietary one? It seems a bit stupid to me to have 2 Ubuntu installations (one for games, one for the rest). But I can't get my daily work done with the Nvidia drivers enabled as it messes up some applications, randomly freezes the system, etc. But I still want to be able to play some games. If there's a way to just load and unload the nvidia-current driver with a script or something, that would also be welcome.

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  • DrawIndexedPrimitives overdraws data in previous buffer if called in loop

    - by Daniel Excinsky
    I doubled the question from stackoverflow here, and will delete the opposite of a question that gave me the answer. I have the Draw method in one of my renderers, that loops through the dictionary and gets precollected and preinitialized buffers. When dictionary has only one element, everything is just fine. But with more elements what I get on the screen is only the data from the last buffer (I suppose, not sure) My Draw method: public void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { if (!_areStaticEffectsSet) { // blockEffect.Parameters["TextureAtlas"].SetValue(textureAtlas); blockEffect.Parameters["HorizonColor"].SetValue(World.HORIZONCOLOR); blockEffect.Parameters["NightColor"].SetValue(World.NIGHTCOLOR); blockEffect.Parameters["MorningTint"].SetValue(World.MORNINGTINT); blockEffect.Parameters["EveningTint"].SetValue(World.EVENINGTINT); blockEffect.Parameters["SunColor"].SetValue(World.SUNCOLOR); _areStaticEffectsSet = true; } blockEffect.Parameters["World"].SetValue(Matrix.Identity); blockEffect.Parameters["View"].SetValue(_player.CameraView); blockEffect.Parameters["Projection"].SetValue(_player.CameraProjection); blockEffect.Parameters["CameraPosition"].SetValue(_player.CameraPosition); blockEffect.Parameters["timeOfDay"].SetValue(_world.TimeOfDay); var viewFrustum = new BoundingFrustum(_player.CameraView * _player.CameraProjection); _graphicsDevice.BlendState = BlendState.Opaque; _graphicsDevice.DepthStencilState = DepthStencilState.Default; foreach (KeyValuePair<int, Texture2D> textureAtlas in textureAtlases) { blockEffect.Parameters["TextureAtlas"].SetValue(textureAtlas.Value); foreach (EffectPass pass in blockEffect.CurrentTechnique.Passes) { pass.Apply(); //TODO: ?????????? ??????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? VertexBuffer ? IndexBuffer foreach (Chunk chunk in _world.Chunks.Values) { if (chunk == null || chunk.IsDisposed) { continue; } if (chunk.BoundingBox.Intersects(viewFrustum) && chunk.GetBlockIndexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key) != null) { lock (chunk) { if (chunk.GetBlockIndexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key).IndexCount > 0) { VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = chunk.GetBlockVertexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key); IndexBuffer indexBuffer = chunk.GetBlockIndexBuffer(textureAtlas.Key); //if (chunk.DrawIndex == new Vector3i(0, 0, 0)) //{ //if (textureAtlas.Key == -1) //{ //var varray = new [] //{ //new VertexPositionTextureLight(new Vector3(0,68,0), new Vector2(0,1),1,new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(1,1,1)), //new VertexPositionTextureLight(new Vector3(0,68,1), new Vector2(0,1),1,new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(1,1,1)), //new VertexPositionTextureLight(new Vector3(1,68,0), new Vector2(0,1),1,new Vector3(0,0,0), new Vector3(1,1,1)) //}; //var iarray = new short[] {0, 1, 2}; //vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(_graphicsDevice, typeof(VertexPositionTextureLight), varray.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); //indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer(_graphicsDevice, IndexElementSize.SixteenBits, iarray.Length, BufferUsage.WriteOnly); //vertexBuffer.SetData(varray); //indexBuffer.SetData(iarray); } } _graphicsDevice.SetVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer); _graphicsDevice.Indices = indexBuffer; _graphicsDevice.DrawIndexedPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 0, vertexBuffer.VertexCount, 0, indexBuffer.IndexCount / 3); } } } } } } } Noteworthy things about the code: XNA version is 4.0. I've commented the debugging code in the loop, but left it for it may bring some insight. I try not only to change vertices/indices in the loop, but textureAtlas also. Code in the shader about textureAtlas: Texture TextureAtlas; sampler TextureAtlasSampler = sampler_state { texture = <TextureAtlas>; magfilter = POINT; minfilter = POINT; mipfilter = POINT; AddressU = WRAP; AddressV = WRAP; }; struct VSInput { float4 Position : POSITION0; float2 TexCoords1 : TEXCOORD0; float SunLight : COLOR0; float3 LocalLight : COLOR1; float3 Normal : NORMAL0; }; VertexPositionTextureLight is my own realization of IVertexType. So, do anybody know about this problem, or see the wrongness in my code (that's far more likely)?

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  • How to navigate through folders without opening a new buffer in Emacs?

    - by Vivi
    (I don't know if it is important, but I am using Aquamacs - and yeah, I am a newbie) When I want to open a file I use C-x C-f and usually just chose my home folder. From there I go clicking on folders until I find the file I want. I really don't like thought that each new file I open creates a new buffer. This is especially annoying because I am using Aquamacs with the window (tab) option enabled. I know I could simply get rid of the window option, but I quite like it, except of course for when I open a file and a zillion tabs are created. So my question is: is there a way to disable the new buffer creation when "navigating" through folders? Thanks :)

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  • Execute command from file in current shell

    - by Pandya
    I want to executed command from file (which is script) in current shell in terminal. Example: I have file ch_dir contains following: #!/bin/bash cd /usr Now if I execute file usually as following then it executes commands in different shell: pandya@pandya-desktop:~$ ./ch_dir pandya@pandya-desktop:~$ Here cd /user is executed in different shell. But I want to execute in Current shell. How do I do that? Note: Here cd is only used to explain. Question's aim is to execute any command in current shell

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  • IEnumerator.Current property and IEnumerator.MoveNext method

    - by nmarun
    Here’s a question: What happens to the Current property of an IEnumerator before and after the MoveNext() call? When I say ‘after the MoveNext() call’, I mean after MoveNext() returns a false indicating an end of the collection. I was going through the MSDN for IEnumerator.Current and the first paragraph basically boils down to: If MoveNext() method has never been called on an IEnumerator, the Current property is undefined. I wanted to know what ‘undefined’ means – is it null? If so, what if the...(read more)

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  • how to dynamically give buffer value in Objective-C

    - by suse
    hello, i ve a string , for example: NSString *str = @"12,20,40,320,480" This str has to be given as buffer value, UInt8 *buffer; Now how to give the str as buffer value? The value of str string keeps changing , and hence buffer has to dynamically take the value as str everytime. plz help me how to achieve this. Thank You.

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  • Vertex buffer acting strange? [on hold]

    - by Ryan Capote
    I'm having a strange problem, and I don't know what could be causing it. My current code is identical to how I've done this before. I'm trying to render a rectangle using VBO and orthographic projection.   My results:     What I expect: 3x3 rectangle in the top left corner   #include <stdio.h> #include <GL\glew.h> #include <GLFW\glfw3.h> #include "lodepng.h"   static const int FALSE = 0; static const int TRUE = 1;   static const char* VERT_SHADER =     "#version 330\n"       "layout(location=0) in vec4 VertexPosition; "     "layout(location=1) in vec2 UV;"     "uniform mat4 uProjectionMatrix;"     /*"out vec2 TexCoords;"*/       "void main(void) {"     "    gl_Position = uProjectionMatrix*VertexPosition;"     /*"    TexCoords = UV;"*/     "}";   static const char* FRAG_SHADER =     "#version 330\n"       /*"uniform sampler2D uDiffuseTexture;"     "uniform vec4 uColor;"     "in vec2 TexCoords;"*/     "out vec4 FragColor;"       "void main(void) {"    /* "    vec4 texel = texture2D(uDiffuseTexture, TexCoords);"     "    if(texel.a <= 0) {"     "         discard;"     "    }"     "    FragColor = texel;"*/     "    FragColor = vec4(1.f);"     "}";   static int g_running; static GLFWwindow *gl_window; static float gl_projectionMatrix[16];   /*     Structures */ typedef struct _Vertex {     float x, y, z, w;     float u, v; } Vertex;   typedef struct _Position {     float x, y; } Position;   typedef struct _Bitmap {     unsigned char *pixels;     unsigned int width, height; } Bitmap;   typedef struct _Texture {     GLuint id;     unsigned int width, height; } Texture;   typedef struct _VertexBuffer {     GLuint bufferObj, vertexArray; } VertexBuffer;   typedef struct _ShaderProgram {     GLuint vertexShader, fragmentShader, program; } ShaderProgram;   /*   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection */ void createOrthoProjection(float *projection, float width, float height, float far, float near)  {       const float left = 0;     const float right = width;     const float top = 0;     const float bottom = height;          projection[0] = 2.f / (right - left);     projection[1] = 0.f;     projection[2] = 0.f;     projection[3] = -(right+left) / (right-left);     projection[4] = 0.f;     projection[5] = 2.f / (top - bottom);     projection[6] = 0.f;     projection[7] = -(top + bottom) / (top - bottom);     projection[8] = 0.f;     projection[9] = 0.f;     projection[10] = -2.f / (far-near);     projection[11] = (far+near)/(far-near);     projection[12] = 0.f;     projection[13] = 0.f;     projection[14] = 0.f;     projection[15] = 1.f; }   /*     Textures */ void loadBitmap(const char *filename, Bitmap *bitmap, int *success) {     int error = lodepng_decode32_file(&bitmap->pixels, &bitmap->width, &bitmap->height, filename);       if (error != 0) {         printf("Failed to load bitmap. ");         printf(lodepng_error_text(error));         success = FALSE;         return;     } }   void destroyBitmap(Bitmap *bitmap) {     free(bitmap->pixels); }   void createTexture(Texture *texture, const Bitmap *bitmap) {     texture->id = 0;     glGenTextures(1, &texture->id);     glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture);       glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);     glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);       glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, bitmap->width, bitmap->height, 0,              GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bitmap->pixels);       glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); }   void destroyTexture(Texture *texture) {     glDeleteTextures(1, &texture->id);     texture->id = 0; }   /*     Vertex Buffer */ void createVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer *vertexBuffer, Vertex *vertices) {     glGenBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer->bufferObj);     glGenVertexArrays(1, &vertexBuffer->vertexArray);     glBindVertexArray(vertexBuffer->vertexArray);       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer->bufferObj);     glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(Vertex) * 6, (const GLvoid*)vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);       const unsigned int uvOffset = sizeof(float) * 4;       glVertexAttribPointer(0, 4, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), 0);     glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(Vertex), (GLvoid*)uvOffset);       glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);     glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);       glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);     glBindVertexArray(0); }   void destroyVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer *vertexBuffer) {     glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexBuffer->bufferObj);     glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &vertexBuffer->vertexArray); }   void bindVertexBuffer(VertexBuffer *vertexBuffer) {     glBindVertexArray(vertexBuffer->vertexArray);     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexBuffer->bufferObj); }   void drawVertexBufferMode(GLenum mode) {     glDrawArrays(mode, 0, 6); }   void drawVertexBuffer() {     drawVertexBufferMode(GL_TRIANGLES); }   void unbindVertexBuffer() {     glBindVertexArray(0);     glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0); }   /*     Shaders */ void compileShader(ShaderProgram *shaderProgram, const char *vertexSrc, const char *fragSrc) {     GLenum err;     shaderProgram->vertexShader = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);     shaderProgram->fragmentShader = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);       if (shaderProgram->vertexShader == 0) {         printf("Failed to create vertex shader.");         return;     }       if (shaderProgram->fragmentShader == 0) {         printf("Failed to create fragment shader.");         return;     }       glShaderSource(shaderProgram->vertexShader, 1, &vertexSrc, NULL);     glCompileShader(shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glGetShaderiv(shaderProgram->vertexShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &err);       if (err != GL_TRUE) {         printf("Failed to compile vertex shader.");         return;     }       glShaderSource(shaderProgram->fragmentShader, 1, &fragSrc, NULL);     glCompileShader(shaderProgram->fragmentShader);     glGetShaderiv(shaderProgram->fragmentShader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &err);       if (err != GL_TRUE) {         printf("Failed to compile fragment shader.");         return;     }       shaderProgram->program = glCreateProgram();     glAttachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glAttachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->fragmentShader);     glLinkProgram(shaderProgram->program);          glGetProgramiv(shaderProgram->program, GL_LINK_STATUS, &err);       if (err != GL_TRUE) {         printf("Failed to link shader.");         return;     } }   void destroyShader(ShaderProgram *shaderProgram) {     glDetachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glDetachShader(shaderProgram->program, shaderProgram->fragmentShader);       glDeleteShader(shaderProgram->vertexShader);     glDeleteShader(shaderProgram->fragmentShader);       glDeleteProgram(shaderProgram->program); }   GLuint getUniformLocation(const char *name, ShaderProgram *program) {     GLuint result = 0;     result = glGetUniformLocation(program->program, name);       return result; }   void setUniformMatrix(float *matrix, const char *name, ShaderProgram *program) {     GLuint loc = getUniformLocation(name, program);       if (loc == -1) {         printf("Failed to get uniform location in setUniformMatrix.\n");         return;     }       glUniformMatrix4fv(loc, 1, GL_FALSE, matrix); }   /*     General functions */ static int isRunning() {     return g_running && !glfwWindowShouldClose(gl_window); }   static void initializeGLFW(GLFWwindow **window, int width, int height, int *success) {     if (!glfwInit()) {         printf("Failed it inialize GLFW.");         *success = FALSE;        return;     }          glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, 0);     *window = glfwCreateWindow(width, height, "Alignments", NULL, NULL);          if (!*window) {         printf("Failed to create window.");         glfwTerminate();         *success = FALSE;         return;     }          glfwMakeContextCurrent(*window);       GLenum glewErr = glewInit();     if (glewErr != GLEW_OK) {         printf("Failed to initialize GLEW.");         printf(glewGetErrorString(glewErr));         *success = FALSE;         return;     }       glClearColor(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);     glViewport(0, 0, width, height);     *success = TRUE; }   int main(int argc, char **argv) {          int err = FALSE;     initializeGLFW(&gl_window, 480, 320, &err);     glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);     if (err == FALSE) {         return 1;     }          createOrthoProjection(gl_projectionMatrix, 480.f, 320.f, 0.f, 1.f);          g_running = TRUE;          ShaderProgram shader;     compileShader(&shader, VERT_SHADER, FRAG_SHADER);     glUseProgram(shader.program);     setUniformMatrix(&gl_projectionMatrix, "uProjectionMatrix", &shader);       Vertex rectangle[6];     VertexBuffer vbo;     rectangle[0] = (Vertex){0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f}; // Top left     rectangle[1] = (Vertex){3.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f, 0.f}; // Top right     rectangle[2] = (Vertex){0.f, 3.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f}; // Bottom left     rectangle[3] = (Vertex){3.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f, 0.f}; // Top left     rectangle[4] = (Vertex){0.f, 3.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f}; // Bottom left     rectangle[5] = (Vertex){3.f, 3.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f}; // Bottom right       createVertexBuffer(&vbo, &rectangle);            bindVertexBuffer(&vbo);          while (isRunning()) {         glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);         glfwPollEvents();                    drawVertexBuffer();                    glfwSwapBuffers(gl_window);     }          unbindVertexBuffer(&vbo);       glUseProgram(0);     destroyShader(&shader);     destroyVertexBuffer(&vbo);     glfwTerminate();     return 0; }

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  • Deferred rendering order?

    - by Nick Wiggill
    There are some effects for which I must do multi-pass rendering. I've got the basics set up (FBO rendering etc.), but I'm trying to get my head around the most suitable setup. Here's what I'm thinking... The framebuffer objects: FBO 1 has a color attachment and a depth attachment. FBO 2 has a color attachment. The render passes: Render g-buffer: normals and depth (used by outline & DoF blur shaders); output to FBO no. 1. Render solid geometry, bold outlines (as in toon shader), and fog; output to FBO no. 2. (can all render via a single fragment shader -- I think.) (optional) DoF blur the scene; output to the default frame buffer OR ELSE render FBO2 directly to default frame buffer. (optional) Mesh wireframes; composite over what's already in the default framebuffer. Does this order seem viable? Any obvious mistakes?

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  • IP queue buffer

    - by summerbulb
    I seem to have an issue with IP queue. I have a linux machine that I am using to run some experiments. The linux machine is configured to be a router, having two NICs, connecting two other computers, and managing their network traffic. All incoming packages are captured, using iptables, and analyzed by a C application. The application analyzing the packets has a built-in delay, as part of the experiment. So I have one very fast computer sending packets through my linux-router and a (relatively) slow linux-router that analyses and deals with the packets, one by one. This situation leads to the fact that when I fire up a sender application on one of the computers connected to the linux-router, my IP queue on the linux-router gets filled up (almost) instantaneously. The IP queue's max length is currently set to 1024, and if it overflows, the packets are dropped. This is expected and i'm OK with it. But, (and this is where it gets interesting), every now and then I get the following error: "Failed to receive netlink message: No buffer space available" At start, I thought this was due to the IP queue overflow, but after some analysis i found that sometimes I get the error even if the IP queue buffer did not overflow, and sometime I DON'T get the message even though the buffer DID overflow. When I run > cat /proc/net/ip_queue, I get the following table (also used to monitor the IP queue overflow): Peer PID : 27389 Copy mode : 2 Copy range : 65535 Queue length : 0 Queue max. length : 1024 Queue dropped : 1166875 Netlink dropped : 2916 Looking at the last two values, Queue dropped seems to refer to packets that did not manage to get into the IP queue because the buffer was full. I can see this value rise as I bombard the linux-router. Netlink dropped ( as it's name implies :) ) seems to have to do with the error i'm getting. I did my best to search for material on this error, but wasn't able to find anything that seemed to point me in the required direction. Bottom line: Why am I getting this error and what can I do to avoid it?

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  • How to convert ISampleGrabber::BufferCB's buffer to a bitmap

    - by user2509919
    I am trying to use the ISampleGrabberCB::BufferCB to convert the current frame to bitmap using the following code: int ISampleGrabberCB.BufferCB(double sampleTime, IntPtr buffer, int bufferLength) { try { Form1 form1 = new Form1("", "", ""); if (pictureReady == null) { Debug.Assert(bufferLength == Math.Abs(pitch) * videoHeight, "Wrong Buffer Length"); } Debug.Assert(imageBuffer != IntPtr.Zero, "Remove Buffer"); Bitmap bitmapOfCurrentFrame = new Bitmap(width, height, capturePitch, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb, buffer); MessageBox.Show("Works"); form1.changepicturebox3(bitmapOfCurrentFrame); pictureReady.Set(); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); } return 0; } However this does not seem to be working. Additionally it seems to call this function when i press a button which runs the following code: public IntPtr getFrame() { int hr; try { pictureReady.Reset(); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); } imageBuffer = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(Math.Abs(pitch) * videoHeight); try { gotFrame = true; if (videoControl != null) { hr = videoControl.SetMode(stillPin, VideoControlFlags.Trigger); DsError.ThrowExceptionForHR(hr); } if (!pictureReady.WaitOne(9000, false)) { throw new Exception("Timeout waiting to get picture"); } } catch { Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(imageBuffer); imageBuffer = IntPtr.Zero; } return imageBuffer; } Once this code is ran I get a message box which shows 'Works' thus meaning my BufferCB must of been called however does not update my picture box with the current image. Is the BufferCB not called after every new frame? If so why do I not recieve the 'Works' message box? Finally is it possible to convert every new frame into a bitmap (this is used for later processing) using BufferCB and if so how? Edited code: int ISampleGrabberCB.BufferCB(double sampleTime, IntPtr buffer, int bufferLength) { Debug.Assert(bufferLength == Math.Abs(pitch) * videoHeight, "Wrong Buffer Length"); Debug.Assert(imageBuffer != IntPtr.Zero, "Remove Buffer"); CopyMemory(imageBuffer, buffer, bufferLength); Decode(buffer); return 0; } public Image Decode(IntPtr imageData) { var bitmap = new Bitmap(width, height, pitch, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb, imageBuffer); bitmap.RotateFlip(RotateFlipType.RotateNoneFlipY); Form1 form1 = new Form1("", "", ""); form1.changepicturebox3(bitmap); bitmap.Save("C:\\Users\\...\\Desktop\\A2 Project\\barcode.jpg"); return bitmap; } Button code: public void getFrameFromWebcam() { if (iPtr != IntPtr.Zero) { Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(iPtr); iPtr = IntPtr.Zero; } //Get Image iPtr = sampleGrabberCallBack.getFrame(); Bitmap bitmapOfFrame = new Bitmap(sampleGrabberCallBack.width, sampleGrabberCallBack.height, sampleGrabberCallBack.capturePitch, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb, iPtr); bitmapOfFrame.RotateFlip(RotateFlipType.RotateNoneFlipY); barcodeReader(bitmapOfFrame); } public IntPtr getFrame() { int hr; try { pictureReady.Reset(); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString()); } imageBuffer = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem(Math.Abs(pitch) * videoHeight); try { gotFrame = true; if (videoControl != null) { hr = videoControl.SetMode(stillPin, VideoControlFlags.Trigger); DsError.ThrowExceptionForHR(hr); } if (!pictureReady.WaitOne(9000, false)) { throw new Exception("Timeout waiting to get picture"); } } catch { Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(imageBuffer); imageBuffer = IntPtr.Zero; } return imageBuffer; } I also still need to press the button to run the BufferCB Thanks for reading.

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  • Vertex Buffer Object not drawing in SDL window

    - by intregus
    I'm just using the opengl SDL template with Xcode, and everything runs fine. I removed the Atlantis code, and changed the main extension to .mm, then added some testing code to drawGL. Drawing a simple triangle (using immediate mode) at this point inside drawGL gives me a white triangle, but when I add the code to draw using a vertex buffer object, i just get a black window. Here is my VBO drawing code: glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer glLoadIdentity(); GLuint buffer; float vertices[] = { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f }; // VBO doesn't work :( glGenBuffers(1, &buffer); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer); glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(float) * 9, vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3); glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);

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  • Enable scratch buffer to execute R code in emacs-ess

    - by sheed03
    Hello, I have switched to using emacs-ess for my R code development and it is working great. I would like to be able to write some small R code I am using for debugging my R script into the scratch buffer, and be able to execute the scratch buffer code in the R process buffer. I've found how I could change the scratch buffer's mode to text by putting the following in the .emacs file: (setq initial-major-mode 'text-mode) Is there a similar statement I can put in my .emacs file that would make the scratch buffer have the ess-mode? I tried the following which results in an error about wrong type argument: (setq initial-major-mode 'ess-mode)

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  • Windows XP SP3 TCP/IP No buffer space available

    - by Natalia
    I have the exactly same problem as here: Windows XP TCP/IP No buffer space available On Windows XP Pro, SP3 if one does an experiment where one tries to open TCP/IP sockets in a loop (bascially, listen port 7000, listen port 7001, etc.) After approx 649 open sockets, one will start getting errors: No buffer space available (maximum connections reached?) I've tried to edit the registry as described here http://smallvoid.com/article/winnt-tcpip-max-limit.html I set MaxUserPort = 65534 and MaxFreeTcbs = 2000, but it didn't help. What else can I do? I need 1000 server sockets. Here is the error stack: 05.04.2012 10:23:57 java.net.SocketException: No buffer space available (maximum connections reached?): listen at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketChannelImpl.listen(Native Method) at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketChannelImpl.bind(ServerSocketChannelImpl.java:127) at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketAdaptor.bind(ServerSocketAdaptor.java:59) at sun.nio.ch.ServerSocketAdaptor.bind(ServerSocketAdaptor.java:52) at channelserver.NIOAppServer.initSelector(NIOAppServer.java:40) at channelserver.NIOAppServer.(NIOAppServer.java:27) at channelserver.NIOServer.main(NIOServer.java:433) at channelserver.NIOServer.main(NIOServer.java:438)

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  • TCP Windows Size vs Socket Buffer Size on Windows

    - by Patrick L
    I am new to Windows networking. When people talk about TCP tuning on Windows platform, they always mention about TCP Window Size. I am wondering whether Windows uses the concept of "Socket Buffer Size"? On Windows XP, the TCP window size is fixed. We can set it using the TCPWindowSize registry value. How about Socket Buffer Size? How can we set Socket Buffer size on Windows? Can we set it to a value different from TCP window size?

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  • nginx static file buffer

    - by Philip
    I have a nfs which several frontend-servers are connected to for making the files stored on the nfs available for http downloads. It looks like I have problems with the way apache is serving the files, there seems to be a very small buffer or no buffer at all which results in a lot disk seeks. I did some testing with loading the whole requested file into memory at once and serve it to the client from memory. With this technique I need less disk seeks for a download stream. Since I don't want to implement this by myself for production use I thought that I could maybe use nginx for that because the documentation says that it uses buffers for static file serving. Is it possible to increase the buffer size to a few mb, if so which config parameter do I have to change for this? Has anyone experience with large buffers for static file serving? Is there a better way to reduce disk seeks?

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  • Python - network buffer handling question...

    - by Patrick Moriarty
    Hi, I want to design a game server in python. The game will mostly just be passing small packets filled with ints, strings, and bytes stuffed into one message. As I'm using a different language to write the game, a normal packet would be sent like so: Writebyte(buffer, 5); // Delimit type of message Writestring(buffer, "Hello"); Sendmessage(buffer, socket); As you can see, it writes the bytes to the buffer, and sends the buffer. Is there any way to read something like this in python? I am aware of the struct module, and I've used it to pack things, but I've never used it to actually read something with mixed types stuck into one message. Thanks for the help.

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  • elisp: call command on current file

    - by Jasie
    Hello, I want to set a key in emacs to perform a shell command on the file in the buffer, and revert the buffer without prompting. The shell command is: p4 edit 'currentfilename.ext' (global-set-key [\C-E] (funcall 'revert-buffer 1 1 1)) ;; my attempt above to call revert-buffer with a non-nil ;; argument (ignoring the shell command for now) -- get an init error: ;; Error in init file: error: "Buffer does not seem to be associated with any file" Completely new to elisp. From the emacs manual, here is the definition of revert-buffer: Command: revert-buffer &optional ignore-auto noconfirm preserve-modes Thanks!

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