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  • Google indexed the same page under two URLs (despite rel-canonical)

    - by unor
    The Super User question "Playing mp3 in quodlibet displays “GStreamer output pipeline could not be initialized” error" is indexed under two URLs in Google: http://superuser.com/questions/651591/playing-mp3-in-quodlibet-displays-gstreamer-output-pipeline-could-not-be-initia http://superuser.com/questions/651591/playing-mp3-in-quodlibet-displays-gstreamer-output-pipeline-could-not-be-initia/652058 The first one is the canonical one; the corresponding rel-canonical is included in both pages: <link rel="canonical" href="http://superuser.com/questions/651591/playing-mp3-in-quodlibet-displays-gstreamer-output-pipeline-could-not-be-initia" /> Google also indexed http://superuser.com/a/652058, which redirects to the answer: http://superuser.com/questions/651591/playing-mp3-in-quodlibet-displays-gstreamer-output-pipeline-could-not-be-initia/652058#652058 Now, the second URL from above is the same as this one minus the fragment #652058. So Google seems to strip the fragment, which results in exactly the same page under another URL (= containing the answer ID /652058 as suffix), and indexes it, too -- despite rel-canonical and duplicate content. Shouldn’t Google recognize this and only index the canonical variant? And what could be the reason why Stack Exchange includes the answer ID in the URL path, and not only in the fragment (resulting in various URL variants for the same page)?

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  • How can I render a semi transparent model with OpenGL correctly?

    - by phobitor
    I'm using OpenGL ES 2 and I want to render a simple model with some level of transparency. I'm just starting out with shaders, and I wrote a simple diffuse shader for the model without any issues but I don't know how to add transparency to it. I tried to set my fragment shader's output (gl_FragColor) to a non opaque alpha value but the results weren't too great. It sort of works, but it looks like certain model triangles are only rendered based on the camera position... It's really hard to describe what's wrong so please watch this short video I recorded: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s0JqA0rZabE I thought this was a depth testing issue so I tried playing around with enabling/disabling depth testing and back face culling. Enabling back face culling changes the output slightly but the problem in the video is still there. Enabling/disabling depth testing doesn't seem to do anything. Could anyone explain what I'm seeing and how I can add some simple transparency to my model with the shader? I'm not looking for advanced order independent transparency implementations. edit: Vertex Shader: // color varying for fragment shader varying mediump vec3 LightIntensity; varying highp vec3 VertexInModelSpace; void main() { // vec4 LightPosition = vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0); vec3 LightColor = vec3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0); vec3 DiffuseColor = vec3(1.0, 0.25, 0.0); // find the vector from the given vertex to the light source vec4 vertexInWorldSpace = gl_ModelViewMatrix * vec4(gl_Vertex); vec3 normalInWorldSpace = normalize(gl_NormalMatrix * gl_Normal); vec3 lightDirn = normalize(vec3(LightPosition-vertexInWorldSpace)); // save vertexInWorldSpace VertexInModelSpace = vec3(gl_Vertex); // calculate light intensity LightIntensity = LightColor * DiffuseColor * max(dot(lightDirn,normalInWorldSpace),0.0); // calculate projected vertex position gl_Position = gl_ModelViewProjectionMatrix * gl_Vertex; } Fragment Shader: // varying to define color varying vec3 LightIntensity; varying vec3 VertexInModelSpace; void main() { gl_FragColor = vec4(LightIntensity,0.5); }

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  • Proper way to do texture mapping in modern OpenGL?

    - by RubyKing
    I'm trying to do texture mapping using OpenGL 3.3 and GLSL 150. The problem is the texture shows but has this weird flicker I can show a video here. My texcords are in a vertex array. I have my fragment color set to the texture values and texel values. I have my vertex shader sending the texture cords to texture cordinates to be used in the fragment shader. I have my ins and outs setup and I still don't know what I'm missing that could be causing that flicker. Here is my code: Fragment shader #version 150 uniform sampler2D texture; in vec2 texture_coord; varying vec3 texture_coordinate; void main(void) { gl_FragColor = texture(texture, texture_coord); } Vertex shader #version 150 in vec4 position; out vec2 texture_coordinate; out vec2 texture_coord; uniform vec3 translations; void main() { texture_coord = (texture_coordinate); gl_Position = vec4(position.xyz + translations.xyz, 1.0); } Last bit Here is my vertex array with texture coordinates: GLfloat vVerts[] = { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}; //tex x and y If you need to see all the code, here is a link to every file. Thank you for your help.

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  • Why using Fragments?

    - by ahmed_khan_89
    I have read the documentation and some other questions' threads about this topic and I don't really feel convinced; I don't see clearly the limits of use of this technique. Fragments are now seen as a Best Practice; every Activity should be basically a support for one or more Fragments and not call a layout directly. Fragments are created in order to: allow the Activity to use many fragments, to change between them, to reuse these units... == the Fragment is totally dependent to the Context of an activity , so if I need something generic that I can reuse and handle in many Activities, I can create my own custom layouts or Views ... I will not care about this additional Complexity Developing Layer that fragments would add. a better handling to different resolution == OK for tablets/phones in case of long process that we can show two (or more) fragments in the same Activity in Tablets, and one by one in phones. But why would I use fragments always ? handling callbacks to navigate between Fragments (i.e: if the user is Logged-in I show a fragment else I show another fragment). === Just try to see how many bugs facebook SDK Log-in have because of this, to understand that it is really (?) ... considering that an Android Application is based on Activities... Adding another life cycles in the Activity would be better to design an Application... I mean the modules, the scenarios, the data management and the connectivity would be better designed, in that way. === This is an answer of someone who's used to see the Android SDK and Android Framework with a Fragments vision. I don't think it's wrong, but I am not sure it will give good results... And it is really abstract... ==== Why would I complicate my life, coding more, in using them always? else, why is it a best practice if it's just a tool for some cases? what are these cases?

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  • Cannot create Desktop shortcut

    - by Pantelis
    I have a WiX project and I want to automatically create a ProgramMenu and Desktop shortcut. I've tried the following but the Desktop shortcut is not created. The ProgramMenu shortcut works great. <Product Id="*" Name="Application Name" Language="1033" Version="1.0.0.0" Manufacturer="Company Name"> <Package InstallerVersion="200" Compressed="yes" InstallScope="perMachine" Description="A description" Comments="Some Comments" /> <MajorUpgrade DowngradeErrorMessage="A newer version of [ProductName] is already installed." /> <MediaTemplate EmbedCab="yes"/> <!-- Minimal UI --> <UIRef Id="WixUI_Minimal"/> <!-- Adding the referenced components --> <Feature Id="Complete" Title="inStorHDRadio Complete" Level="1"> <ComponentGroupRef Id="InstallationComponents" /> <ComponentRef Id="ApplicationProgramsMenuShortcut"/> <ComponentRef Id="ApplicationDesktopShortcut"/> </Feature> </Product> <Fragment> <Directory Id="TARGETDIR" Name="SourceDir"> <!-- Installation Folder --> <Directory Id="ProgramFilesFolder"> <Directory Id="CompanyFolder" Name="CompanyName"> <Directory Id="InstallationFolder" Name="ApplicationName"/> </Directory> </Directory> <!-- Programs Menu Shortcut Folder --> <Directory Id="ProgramMenuFolder" Name="ProgramsMenu"> <Directory Id="ProgramsMenuCompanyFolder" Name="CompanyName"> <Directory Id="ProgramsMenuShortcutFolder" Name="ApplicationName"/> </Directory> </Directory> <!-- Desktop Shortcut Folder --> <Directory Id="DesktopShortcutFolder" Name="Desktop"/> </Directory> </Fragment> <!-- Compoments --> <Fragment> <ComponentGroup Id="inStorHDRadioComponents" Directory="InstallationFolder"> <!-- All application components in Program Files --> </ComponentGroup> <!-- SHORTCUTS --> <!--ProgramsMenu--> <DirectoryRef Id='ProgramsMenuShortcutFolder'> <Component Id='ApplicationProgramsMenuShortcut'> <RemoveFolder Id='RemoveProgramsMenuShortcutFolder' Directory='ProgramsMenuShortcutFolder' On='uninstall' /> <RemoveFolder Id='RemoveProgramsMenuCompanyFolder' Directory='ProgramsMenuCompanyFolder' On='uninstall' /> <Shortcut Id='ApplicationProgramsMenuShortcut' Name='Company Name' Target='[#Application.exe]' WorkingDirectory='InstallationFolder' Icon='application.ico' /> <RegistryValue Name='RegistryValueProgramMenuShortcut' Root='HKCU' Key='Software\Microsoft\[Manufacturer]\[ProductName]' Type='integer' Value='1' /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> <!--Desktop--> <DirectoryRef Id='DesktopShortcutFolder'> <Component Id='ApplicationDesktopShortcut'> <RemoveFolder Id='RemoveDesktopShortcutFolder' Directory='DesktopShortcutFolder' On='uninstall'/> <Shortcut Id='ApplicationDesktopShortcut' Name='Application Name' Target='[#Bootstrapper.exe]' WorkingDirectory='InstallationFolder' Directory='DesktopShortcutFolder' Advertise='no' Icon='application.ico'/> <RegistryValue Name='RegistryValDesktopShortcut' Root='HKCU' Key='Software\[Manufacturer]\[ProductName]' KeyPath='yes' Type='integer' Value='1' /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> </Fragment> <Fragment> <Icon Id="application.ico" SourceFile="Files\application.ico" /> <Icon Id="programs.ico" SourceFile="Files\programs.ico"/> <Property Id="ARPPRODUCTICON" Value="programs.ico" /> <Property Id="ARPHELPLINK" Value="http://www.company.com" /> </Fragment> Whats wrong with the code? The ProgramMenu shortcut is working perfectly fine, but the desktop one is not getting created.

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  • In GLSL is it possible to offset vertices based on height map colour?

    - by Rob
    I am attempting to generate some terrain based upon a heightmap. I have generated a 32 x 32 grid and a corresponding height map - In my vertex shader I am trying to offset the position of the Y axis based upon the colour of the heightmap, white vertices being higher than black ones. //Vertex Shader Code #version 330 uniform mat4 modelMatrix; uniform mat4 viewMatrix; uniform mat4 projectionMatrix; uniform sampler2D heightmap; layout (location=0) in vec4 vertexPos; layout (location=1) in vec4 vertexColour; layout (location=3) in vec2 vertexTextureCoord; layout (location=4) in float offset; out vec4 fragCol; out vec4 fragPos; out vec2 fragTex; void main() { // Retreive the current pixel's colour vec4 hmColour = texture(heightmap,vertexTextureCoord); // Offset the y position by the value of current texel's colour value ? vec4 offset = vec4(vertexPos.x , vertexPos.y + hmColour.r, vertexPos.z , 1.0); // Final Position gl_Position = projectionMatrix * viewMatrix * modelMatrix * offset; // Data sent to Fragment Shader. fragCol = vertexColour; fragPos = vertexPos; fragTex = vertexTextureCoord; } However the code I have produced only creates a grid with none of the y vertices higher than any others. This is the C++ code that generates the grid and texture co-orientates which I believe to be correct as the texture is mapped to the grid, hence the white blob in the middle. The grid-lines are generated in the fragment shader, sorry for any confusion. I have tried multiplying the r value of hmColour by 1000 unfortunately that had no effect. The only other problem it could be is that the texture coordinate data is incorrect ? for (int z = 0; z < MAP_Z ; z++) { for(int x = 0; x < MAP_X ; x++) { //Generate Vertex Buffer vertexData[iVertex++] = float (x) * MAP_X; vertexData[iVertex++] = 0; vertexData[iVertex++] = -(float) (z) * MAP_Z; //Colour Buffer NOT NEEDED colourData[iColour++] = 255.0f; // R colourData[iColour++] = 1.0f; // G colourData[iColour++] = 0.0f; // B //Texture Buffer textureData[iTexture++] = (float ) x * (1.0f / MAP_X); textureData[iTexture++] = (float ) z * (1.0f / MAP_Z); } } The heightmap texture I am trying to use appears like so (without grid-lines). This is the corresponding fragment shader // Fragment Shader Code #version 330 uniform sampler2D hmTexture; layout (location=0) out vec4 fragColour; in vec2 fragTex; in vec4 pos; void main(void) { vec2 line = fragTex * 32; // Without Gridlines fragColour = texture(hmTexture,fragTex); // With grid lines // + mix(vec4(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0), vec4(1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0), // smoothstep(0.05,fract(line.y), 0.99) * smoothstep(0.05,fract(line.x),0.99)); }

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  • JSF ui:repeat and f:ajax giving wrong value for h:inputText after rerender.

    - by Andrew
    I have a list of questions and I can display them ok using a ui:repeat, but after clicking the Edit button the rerendered inputText is given the wrong question.id. For some reason, if you click Edit on the first item, the inputText value assigned is that of the second item in the list, even though other outputs (other than the h:inputText element) are correct. <h:form id="questionnaireForm"> <ui:repeat value="#{ProjectManager.currentProject.preQuestions}" var="question" varStatus="current" id="preQuestionsRepeat"> <div> <ui:fragment rendered="#{!question.editing}"> <f:ajax render="@form"> <p>#{question.id} #{question.questionText}</p> <h:inputText value="#{question.id}"/> <h:commandLink styleClass="link" action="#{question.setEditing}" value="Edit"> </h:commandLink> </f:ajax> </ui:fragment> </div> <div> <ui:fragment rendered="#{question.editing}"> <f:ajax render="@form"> <p>#{question.id} #{question.questionText}</p> <h:inputText value="#{question.id}"/> </f:ajax> </ui:fragment> </div> </ui:repeat> </h:form> Obviously I don't really want to edit the id. I just want the correct question.something to show up in my inputText :-) Perhaps I'm not using correctly? It seems fine according to my reading so far. Many thanks for your assistance.

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  • Android, FragmentActivity and prevent Swipe

    - by FIG-GHD742
    I use android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity for create a app with multi fragment/panels that can be access by drag/swipe between different part of the app. In one of my fragment I has a zoomable view and my problem is in case I is on the zoomable view I will prevent the use for drag/swipe to a other fragment. I has try to hack into android.support.v4.view.ViewPager for get the action from on Touch event but not work. I has try all of this case but not work: (All code is a a part of subclass to android.support.v4.view.ViewPager) Case 1: // Not working @Override protected void onPageScrolled(int position, float offset, int offsetPixels) { if (isPreventDrag()) { super.onPageScrolled(position, 1, 0); } else { super.onPageScrolled(position, offset, offsetPixels); } } Case 2: // Work but stop all event include the event to the target image view. @Override public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { switch (ev.getAction()) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: lastX = ev.getX(); // float lockScroll = false; return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: this.lockScroll = this.isPreventDrag(); break; } if (lockScroll) { ev.setLocation(lastX, ev.getY()); return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); } else { return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); } } Case 3: // Work good, but by some unknown error I can drag the screen // some pixels before this stop the event. @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { if (this.isPreventDrag()) { return true; } else { return super.onTouchEvent(ev); } } I want a easy way to deactivate stop or deactivate if the use is allow to switch to a other Fragment. Here is a working code for me, I don't know what error I do before. // This work for me, @Override public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) { if (this.isPreventDrag()) { return false; } else { return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev); } }

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  • Removing elements using XSLT 1.0

    - by pmdarrow
    I'm attempting to remove Component elements from the XML below that have File children with the extension "config." I've managed to do this part, but I also need to remove the matching ComponentRef elements that have the same IDs as these Components. <Fragment> <DirectoryRef Id="MyWebsite"> <Component Id="Comp1"> <File Source="Web.config" /> </Component> <Component Id="Comp2"> <File Source="Default.aspx" /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> </Fragment> <Fragment> <ComponentGroup Id="MyWebsite"> <ComponentRef Id="Comp1" /> <ComponentRef Id="Comp2" /> </ComponentGroup> </Fragment> Based on other SO answers, I've come up with the following XSLT to remove these Component elements: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" /> <xsl:template match="Component[File[substring(@Source, string-length(@Source)- string-length('config') + 1) = 'config']]" /> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Unfortunately, this doesn't remove the matching ComponentRef elements. The XSLT will remove the component with the Id "Comp1" but not the ComponentRef with Id "Comp1". How do I achieve this using XSLT 1.0?

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  • jQuery Ajax load images problem

    - by jackysee
    I have a code that would call $.load() to get an HTML fragment. In the fragment there will be a list of images and a script that would do some calculation based on the list size. The fragment looks like <div> <ul> <li><img .../></li> <li><img .../></li> ... </ul> </div> <script> //... script to do calculation on the list width </script> Originally, I use css's max-width to ensure that the image would not exceed 180px. But as IE has no max-width, I use the expression hack. However, it seems when the image are first load, the script cannot get a correct width of image list. Seems like the script load earlier than the CSS expression. If it is a new page, I can certainly call $(window).load() to ensure all the images are loaded. But what can I do in an ajax html fragment request?

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  • Removing related elements using XSLT 1.0

    - by pmdarrow
    I'm attempting to remove Component elements from the XML below that have File children with the extension "config." I've managed to do this part, but I also need to remove the matching ComponentRef elements that have the same "Id" values as these Components. <Fragment> <DirectoryRef Id="MyWebsite"> <Component Id="Comp1"> <File Source="Web.config" /> </Component> <Component Id="Comp2"> <File Source="Default.aspx" /> </Component> </DirectoryRef> </Fragment> <Fragment> <ComponentGroup Id="MyWebsite"> <ComponentRef Id="Comp1" /> <ComponentRef Id="Comp2" /> </ComponentGroup> </Fragment> Based on other SO answers, I've come up with the following XSLT to remove these Component elements: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes" /> <xsl:template match="Component[File[substring(@Source, string-length(@Source)- string-length('config') + 1) = 'config']]" /> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> Unfortunately, this doesn't remove the matching ComponentRef elements (i.e. those that have the same "Id" values). The XSLT will remove the component with the Id "Comp1" but not the ComponentRef with Id "Comp1". How do I achieve this using XSLT 1.0?

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  • ANTLR : How to replace all characters defined as space with actual space

    - by Puneet Pawaia
    Hi All, My ANTLR code is as follow : LPARENTHESIS : ('('); RPARENTHESIS : (')'); fragment CHARACTER : ('a'..'z'|'0'..'9'|); fragment QUOTE : ('"'); fragment WILDCARD : ('*'); fragment SPACE : (' '|'\n'|'\r'|'\t'|'\u000C'|';'|':'|','); WILD_STRING : (CHARACTER)* ( ('?') (CHARACTER)* )+ ; PREFIX_STRING : (CHARACTER)+ ( ('*') )+ ; WS : (SPACE) { $channel=HIDDEN; }; PHRASE : (QUOTE)(LPARENTHESIS)?(WORD)(WILDCARD)?(RPARENTHESIS)?((SPACE)+(LPARENTHESIS)?(WORD)(WILDCARD)?(RPARENTHESIS)?)*(SPACE)+(QUOTE); WORD : (CHARACTER)+; What I would like to do is to replace all characters marked as space to be replaced with actual space character in the PHRASE. Also if possible, I would then like all continuous spaces to be represented by a single space. Any help would be most appreciated. For some reason, I am finding it hard to understand ANTLR. Any good tutorials out there ?

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  • How frequently IP packets are fragmented at the source host?

    - by Methos
    I know that if IP payload MTU then routers usually fragment the IP packet. Finally all the fragmented packets are assembled at the destination using the fields IP-ID, IP fragment offsets and fragmentation flags. Max length of IP payload is 64K. Thus its very plausible for L4 to hand over payload which is 64K. If the L2 protocol is Ethernet, which often is the case, then the MTU will be about 1600 bytes. Hence IP packet will be fragmented at the source host itself. However, a quick search about IP implementation in Linux tells me that in recent kernels, L4 protocols are fragment friendly i.e. they try to save the fragmentation work for IP by handing over buffers of size which is close to MTU. Considering these two facts, I am wondering about how frequently does the IP packet gets fragmented at the source host itself. Does it occur sometimes/rarely/never? Does anyone know if there are exceptions to the rule of fragmentation in linux kernel (i.e. are there situations where L4 protocols are not fragment friendly)? How is this handled in other common OSes like windows? In general how frequently IP packets are fragmented?

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  • Force orientation change in testcase with fragments

    - by user1202032
    I have an Android test project in which I wish to programatically change the orientation. My test: public class MainActivityLandscapeTest extends ActivityInstrumentationTestCase2<MainActivity> { public MainActivityLandscapeTest() { super(MainActivity.class); } private MainActivity mActivity; private Fragment mDetailFragment; private Fragment mListFragment; private Solo mSolo; @Override protected void setUp() throws Exception { super.setUp(); mSolo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity()); mSolo.setActivityOrientation(Solo.LANDSCAPE); mActivity = getActivity(); mListFragment = (Fragment) mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager() .findFragmentById(R.id.listFragment); mDetailFragment = (Fragment) mActivity.getSupportFragmentManager() .findFragmentById(R.id.detailFragment); } public void testPreConditions() { assertTrue(mActivity != null); assertTrue(mSolo != null); assertTrue(mListFragment != null); assertTrue(getActivity().getResources().getConfiguration().orientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_LANDSCAPE); } /** * Only show detailFragment in landscape mode */ public void testOrientation() { assertTrue(mListFragment.isVisible()); assertTrue(mDetailFragment.isVisible()); } } The layouts for the activity is in seperate folders, layout-port and layout-land layout-port fragment_main.xml layout-land fragment_main.xml In landscape mode, the layout contains 2 fragments (Detail and list) while in portrait it contains 1(List only). If the device/emulator is already in landscape mode before testing begins, this test passes. If in portrait, it fails with a NullPointerException on mListFragment and mDetailFragment. Adding a delay (waitForIdleSync() and/or waitForActivity()) did NOT seem to solve my problem. How do i force the orientation to landscape in my test, while still being able to find the fragments using findFragmentById()?

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  • Javascript memory leak/ performance issue?

    - by Tom
    I just cannot for the life of me figure out this memory leak in Internet Explorer. insertTags simple takes string str and places each word within start and end tags for HTML (usually anchor tags). transliterate is for arabic numbers, and replaces normal numbers 0-9 with a &#..n; XML identity for their arabic counterparts. fragment = document.createDocumentFragment(); for (i = 0, e = response.verses.length; i < e; i++) { fragment.appendChild((function(){ p = document.createElement('p'); p.setAttribute('lang', (response.unicode) ? 'ar' : 'en'); p.innerHTML = ((response.unicode) ? (response.surah + ':' + (i+1)).transliterate() : response.surah + ':' + (i+1)) + ' ' + insertTags(response.verses[i], '<a href="#" onclick="window.popup(this);return false;" class="match">', '</a>'); try { return p } finally { p = null; } })()); } params[0].appendChild( fragment ); fragment = null; I would love some links other than MSDN and about.com, because neither of them have sufficiently explained to me why my script leaks memory. I am sure this is the problem, because without it everything runs fast (but nothing displays). I've read that doing a lot of DOM manipulations can be dangerous, but the for loops a max of 286 times (# of verses in surah 2, the longest surah in the Qur'an).

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  • BNF – how to read syntax?

    - by Piotr Rodak
    A few days ago I read post of Jen McCown (blog) about her idea of blogging about random articles from Books Online. I think this is a great idea, even if Jen says that it’s not exciting or sexy. I noticed that many of the questions that appear on forums and other media arise from pure fact that people asking questions didn’t bother to read and understand the manual – Books Online. Jen came up with a brilliant, concise acronym that describes very well the category of posts about Books Online – RTFM365. I take liberty of tagging this post with the same acronym. I often come across questions of type – ‘Hey, i am trying to create a table, but I am getting an error’. The error often says that the syntax is invalid. 1 CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 2 (guid uniqueidentifier CONSTRAINT DEFAULT Guid_Default NEWSEQUENTIALID() ROWGUIDCOL, 3 Employee_Name varchar(60) 4 CONSTRAINT Guid_PK PRIMARY KEY (guid) ); 5 The answer is usually(1), ‘Ok, let me check it out.. Ah yes – you have to put name of the DEFAULT constraint before the type of constraint: 1 CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 2 (guid uniqueidentifier CONSTRAINT Guid_Default DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID() ROWGUIDCOL, 3 Employee_Name varchar(60) 4 CONSTRAINT Guid_PK PRIMARY KEY (guid) ); Why many people stumble on syntax errors? Is the syntax poorly documented? No, the issue is, that correct syntax of the CREATE TABLE statement is documented very well in Books Online and is.. intimidating. Many people can be taken aback by the rather complex block of code that describes all intricacies of the statement. However, I don’t know better way of defining syntax of the statement or command. The notation that is used to describe syntax in Books Online is a form of Backus-Naur notatiion, called BNF for short sometimes. This is a notation that was invented around 50 years ago, and some say that even earlier, around 400 BC – would you believe? Originally it was used to define syntax of, rather ancient now, ALGOL programming language (in 1950’s, not in ancient India). If you look closer at the definition of the BNF, it turns out that the principles of this syntax are pretty simple. Here are a few bullet points: italic_text is a placeholder for your identifier <italic_text_in_angle_brackets> is a definition which is described further. [everything in square brackets] is optional {everything in curly brackets} is obligatory everything | separated | by | operator is an alternative ::= “assigns” definition to an identifier Yes, it looks like these six simple points give you the key to understand even the most complicated syntax definitions in Books Online. Books Online contain an article about syntax conventions – have you ever read it? Let’s have a look at fragment of the CREATE TABLE statement: 1 CREATE TABLE 2 [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . | schema_name . ] table_name 3 ( { <column_definition> | <computed_column_definition> 4 | <column_set_definition> } 5 [ <table_constraint> ] [ ,...n ] ) 6 [ ON { partition_scheme_name ( partition_column_name ) | filegroup 7 | "default" } ] 8 [ { TEXTIMAGE_ON { filegroup | "default" } ] 9 [ FILESTREAM_ON { partition_scheme_name | filegroup 10 | "default" } ] 11 [ WITH ( <table_option> [ ,...n ] ) ] 12 [ ; ] Let’s look at line 2 of the above snippet: This line uses rules 3 and 5 from the list. So you know that you can create table which has specified one of the following. just name – table will be created in default user schema schema name and table name – table will be created in specified schema database name, schema name and table name – table will be created in specified database, in specified schema database name, .., table name – table will be created in specified database, in default schema of the user. Note that this single line of the notation describes each of the naming schemes in deterministic way. The ‘optionality’ of the schema_name element is nested within database_name.. section. You can use either database_name and optional schema name, or just schema name – this is specified by the pipe character ‘|’. The error that user gets with execution of the first script fragment in this post is as follows: Msg 156, Level 15, State 1, Line 2 Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'DEFAULT'. Ok, let’s have a look how to find out the correct syntax. Line number 3 of the BNF fragment above contains reference to <column_definition>. Since column_definition is in angle brackets, we know that this is a reference to notion described further in the code. And indeed, the very next fragment of BNF contains syntax of the column definition. 1 <column_definition> ::= 2 column_name <data_type> 3 [ FILESTREAM ] 4 [ COLLATE collation_name ] 5 [ NULL | NOT NULL ] 6 [ 7 [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] DEFAULT constant_expression ] 8 | [ IDENTITY [ ( seed ,increment ) ] [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] 9 ] 10 [ ROWGUIDCOL ] [ <column_constraint> [ ...n ] ] 11 [ SPARSE ] Look at line 7 in the above fragment. It says, that the column can have a DEFAULT constraint which, if you want to name it, has to be prepended with [CONSTRAINT constraint_name] sequence. The name of the constraint is optional, but I strongly recommend you to make the effort of coming up with some meaningful name yourself. So the correct syntax of the CREATE TABLE statement from the beginning of the article is like this: 1 CREATE TABLE dbo.Employees 2 (guid uniqueidentifier CONSTRAINT Guid_Default DEFAULT NEWSEQUENTIALID() ROWGUIDCOL, 3 Employee_Name varchar(60) 4 CONSTRAINT Guid_PK PRIMARY KEY (guid) ); That is practically everything you should know about BNF. I encourage you to study the syntax definitions for various statements and commands in Books Online, you can find really interesting things hidden there. Technorati Tags: SQL Server,t-sql,BNF,syntax   (1) No, my answer usually is a question – ‘What error message? What does it say?’. You’d be surprised to know how many people think I can go through time and space and look at their screen at the moment they received the error.

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  • Append XML string block WITH NAMESPACE REF to existing XmlDocument in .NET

    - by FT
    I have an xml document (XmlDocument) which looks like this... <stuff xmlns:n="hhtp://tempuri.com/"> </stuff> ... and a "fragment" (string) which looks like this <things> <thing n:type="info"> </thing> </things> I want to "inject" the fragment into the main document. How? (HINT: You can't use XmlDocumentFragment because the namespace 'n' isn't declared in the fragment, and the object model complains about this - throwing an 'unknown namespace' error even though the resultant document will be perfectly valid.)

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  • Csharp component which generates fragments with highlights for diffs for 2 strings

    - by MicMit
    I need C# implementation ( ideally open source ) which is similar to Delphi DLL. I am currently using the wrapper ( C# syntax is provided , but it is a call from a different language ) zdiff( string ref str1, string ref str2, int range , int trim ) it calls inside str1 = GetHiDiff(@str1,1,trim) str2 = GetHiDiff(@str1,2,trim) where function GetHiDiff(s:pchar; sIndex:integer; wtrim:integer): pchar; stdcall; What it does it returns a left fragment html of str1 and a right html fragment of str2 with diffs highlighted as strings are passed by reference. Range parameter determines the size of html fragment. Not sure what trim 0 does.

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  • Csharp component which generates fragmens with highlights for diffs for 2 strings

    - by MicMit
    I need C# equivalent ( ideally open source ) which is similar to Delphi DLL. I am currently using the wrapper ( C# syntax is provided , but it is a call from a different language ) zdiff( string ref str1, string ref str2, int range , int trim ) it calls inside str1 = GetHiDiff(@str1,1,trim) str2 = GetHiDiff(@str1,2,trim) where function GetHiDiff(s:pchar; sIndex:integer; wtrim:integer): pchar; stdcall; What it does it returns a left fragment html of str1 and a right html fragment of str2 with diffs highlighted as strings are passed by reference. Range parameter determines the size of html fragment. Not sure what trim 0 does.

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  • Bug in the official Android Fragments training sample?

    - by Jeff Axelrod
    It seems to me that there must be a bug in the Android Fragments demo. As background, Fragments are apparently sometimes instantiated by the Android OS and thus need a public no-arg constructor: All subclasses of Fragment must include a public empty constructor. The framework will often re-instantiate a fragment class when needed, in particular during state restore, and needs to be able to find this constructor to instantiate it. If the empty constructor is not available, a runtime exception will occur in some cases during state restore. But the NewsReader demo from the official Android training on Fragments constructs the HeadlinesFragment class and configures it with setOnHeadlineSelectedListener(this) from NewsReaderActivity.onCreate(). If the Android OS re-instantiates this fragment, the mHeadlineSelectedListener field will be null because HeadlinesFragment doesn't save or restore its state. Is this a bug or am I missing something?

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  • How to make Nokogiri transparently return un/encoded Html entities untouched?

    - by svenfuchs
    How can I use Nokogiri with having html entities (like German umlauts) untouched? I.e.: # this is fine node = Nokogiri::HTML.fragment('<p>&ouml;</p>') node.to_s # => '<p>&ouml;</p>' # this is not node = Nokogiri::HTML.fragment('<p>ö</p>') node.to_s # => '<p>&ouml;</p>' # this is what I need node = Nokogiri::HTML.fragment('<p>ö</p>') node.to_s # => '<p>ö</p>' I've tried to mess with both PARSE_OPTIONS and :save_with options but could not come up with a way to have Nokogiri just transparently behave like above. Any pointers?

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  • How do multipass shaders work in OpenGL?

    - by Boreal
    In Direct3D, multipass shaders are simple to use because you can literally define passes within a program. In OpenGL, it seems a bit more complex because it is possible to give a shader program as many vertex, geometry, and fragment shaders as you want. A popular example of a multipass shader is a toon shader. One pass does the actual cel-shading effect and the other creates the outline. If I have two vertex shaders, "cel.vert" and "outline.vert", and two fragment shaders, "cel.frag" and "outline.frag" (similar to the way you do it in HLSL), how can I combine them to create the full toon shader? I don't want you saying that a geometry shader can be used for this because I just want to know the theory behind multipass GLSL shaders ;)

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  • How do I send traffic from my Mac's wifi to my VPN client?

    - by Heath Borders
    I need to connect my Android to a Juniper VPN. Unfortunately, Juniper doesn't support Android on our VPN version. We've already put in a feature request for it, but we have no idea how long it will take to be complete. Right now, I connect to the Juniper VPN with a Juniper Mac OSX VPN client that uses Java to install kernel extensions to start and stop the VPN. Thus, I can't use the Network panel in System Preferences to create a VPN device, which means it won't show up in the 'Sharing' panel's Internet Sharing Share your connection from: menu, as suggested here. I used newproc.d to see what /usr/libexec/InternetSharing did when it ran, and it runs the following processes: 2013 Nov 1 00:26:54 5565 <1> 64b /usr/libexec/launchdadd 2013 Nov 1 00:26:55 5566 <1> 64b /usr/libexec/InternetSharing 2013 Nov 1 00:26:56 5568 <5566> 64b natpmpd -d -y bridge100 en0 2013 Nov 1 00:26:56 5569 <1> 64b /usr/libexec/pfd -d 2013 Nov 1 00:26:56 5567 <5566> 64b bootpd -d -P My Juniper VPN client creates the following devices (output of ifconfig): jnc0: flags=841<UP,RUNNING,SIMPLEX> mtu 1400 inet 10.61.9.61 netmask 0xffffffff open (pid 920) jnc1: flags=841<UP,RUNNING,SIMPLEX> mtu 1450 closed So, it seems like I should just be able to do this and have everything work: sudo killall -9 natpmpd sudo /usr/libexec/natpmpd -y bridge100 jnc0 My android connected fine and could hit public internet sites, but it couldn't hit private VPN sites. I assume this is because I need to change the routes that /usr/libexec/InternetSharing sets up. This is the output from sudo pfctl -s all before starting Internet Sharing: No ALTQ support in kernel ALTQ related functions disabled TRANSLATION RULES: nat-anchor "com.apple/*" all rdr-anchor "com.apple/*" all FILTER RULES: scrub-anchor "com.apple/*" all fragment reassemble anchor "com.apple/*" all DUMMYNET RULES: dummynet-anchor "com.apple/*" all INFO: Status: Disabled for 0 days 00:11:02 Debug: Urgent State Table Total Rate current entries 0 searches 22875 34.6/s inserts 1558 2.4/s removals 1558 2.4/s Counters match 2005 3.0/s bad-offset 0 0.0/s fragment 0 0.0/s short 0 0.0/s normalize 0 0.0/s memory 0 0.0/s bad-timestamp 0 0.0/s congestion 0 0.0/s ip-option 12 0.0/s proto-cksum 0 0.0/s state-mismatch 1 0.0/s state-insert 0 0.0/s state-limit 0 0.0/s src-limit 0 0.0/s synproxy 0 0.0/s dummynet 0 0.0/s TIMEOUTS: tcp.first 120s tcp.opening 30s tcp.established 86400s tcp.closing 900s tcp.finwait 45s tcp.closed 90s tcp.tsdiff 60s udp.first 60s udp.single 30s udp.multiple 120s icmp.first 20s icmp.error 10s grev1.first 120s grev1.initiating 30s grev1.estblished 1800s esp.first 120s esp.estblished 900s other.first 60s other.single 30s other.multiple 120s frag 30s interval 10s adaptive.start 6000 states adaptive.end 12000 states src.track 0s LIMITS: states hard limit 10000 app-states hard limit 10000 src-nodes hard limit 10000 frags hard limit 5000 tables hard limit 1000 table-entries hard limit 200000 OS FINGERPRINTS: 696 fingerprints loaded This is the output from sudo pfctl -s all after starting Internet Sharing: No ALTQ support in kernel ALTQ related functions disabled TRANSLATION RULES: nat-anchor "com.apple/*" all nat-anchor "com.apple.internet-sharing" all rdr-anchor "com.apple/*" all rdr-anchor "com.apple.internet-sharing" all FILTER RULES: scrub-anchor "com.apple/*" all fragment reassemble scrub-anchor "com.apple.internet-sharing" all fragment reassemble anchor "com.apple/*" all anchor "com.apple.internet-sharing" all DUMMYNET RULES: dummynet-anchor "com.apple/*" all STATES: ALL tcp 10.0.1.32:50593 -> 74.125.225.113:443 SYN_SENT:CLOSED ALL udp 10.0.1.32:61534 -> 10.0.1.1:53 SINGLE:NO_TRAFFIC ALL udp 10.0.1.32:55433 -> 10.0.1.1:53 SINGLE:NO_TRAFFIC ALL udp 10.0.1.32:64041 -> 10.0.1.1:53 SINGLE:NO_TRAFFIC ALL tcp 10.0.1.32:50619 -> 74.125.225.131:443 SYN_SENT:CLOSED INFO: Status: Enabled for 0 days 00:00:01 Debug: Urgent State Table Total Rate current entries 5 searches 22886 22886.0/s inserts 1563 1563.0/s removals 1558 1558.0/s Counters match 2010 2010.0/s bad-offset 0 0.0/s fragment 0 0.0/s short 0 0.0/s normalize 0 0.0/s memory 0 0.0/s bad-timestamp 0 0.0/s congestion 0 0.0/s ip-option 12 12.0/s proto-cksum 0 0.0/s state-mismatch 1 1.0/s state-insert 0 0.0/s state-limit 0 0.0/s src-limit 0 0.0/s synproxy 0 0.0/s dummynet 0 0.0/s TIMEOUTS: tcp.first 120s tcp.opening 30s tcp.established 86400s tcp.closing 900s tcp.finwait 45s tcp.closed 90s tcp.tsdiff 60s udp.first 60s udp.single 30s udp.multiple 120s icmp.first 20s icmp.error 10s grev1.first 120s grev1.initiating 30s grev1.estblished 1800s esp.first 120s esp.estblished 900s other.first 60s other.single 30s other.multiple 120s frag 30s interval 10s adaptive.start 6000 states adaptive.end 12000 states src.track 0s LIMITS: states hard limit 10000 app-states hard limit 10000 src-nodes hard limit 10000 frags hard limit 5000 tables hard limit 1000 table-entries hard limit 200000 TABLES: OS FINGERPRINTS: 696 fingerprints loaded It looks like I need to change the pf settings that /usr/libexec/InternetSharing set up, but I have no idea how to do that.

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  • Separate shaders from HTML file in WebGL

    - by Chris Smith
    I'm ramping up on WebGL and was wondering what is the best way to specify my vertex and fragment shaders. Looking at some tutorials, the shaders are embedded directly in the HTML. (And referenced via an ID.) For example: <script id="shader_1-fs" type="x-shader/x-fragment"> precision highp float; void main(void) { // ... } </script> <script id="shader_1-vs" type="x-shader/x-vertex"> attribute vec3 aVertexPosition; uniform mat4 uMVMatrix; // ... My question is, is it possible to have my shaders referenced in a separate file? (Ideally as plain text.) I presume this is straight forward in JavaScript. Is there essentially a way to do this: var shaderText = LoadRemoteFileOnSever('/shaders/shader_1.txt');

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  • Ray Tracing Shadows in deferred rendering

    - by Grieverheart
    Recently I have programmed a raytracer for fun and found it beutifully simple how shadows are created compared to a rasterizer. Now, I couldn't help but I think if it would be possible to implement somthing similar for ray tracing of shadows in a deferred renderer. The way I though this could work is after drawing to the gbuffer, in a separate pass and for each pixel to calculate rays to the lights and draw them as lines of unique color together with the geometry (with color 0). The lines will be cut-off if there is occlusion and this fact could be used in a fragment shader to calculate which rays are occluded. I guess there must be something I'm missing, for example I'm not sure how the fragment shader could save the occlusion results for each ray so that they are available for pixel at the ray's origin. Has this method been tried before, is it possible to implement it as I described and if yes what would be the drawbacks in performance of calculating shadows this way?

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