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• Generic Singleton Façade design pattern

  - by Paul

  Hi I try write singleton façade pattern with generics. I have one problem, how can I call method from generic variable. Something like this: T1 t1 = new T1(); //call method from t1 t1.Method(); In method SingletonFasadeMethod I have compile error: Error 1 'T1' does not contain a definition for 'Method' and no extension method 'Method' accepting a first argument of type 'T1' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) Any advace? Thank, I am beginner in C#. All code is here: namespace GenericSingletonFasade { public interface IMyInterface { string Method(); } internal class ClassA : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return " Calling MethodA "; } } internal class ClassB : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return " Calling MethodB "; } } internal class ClassC : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return "Calling MethodC"; } } internal class ClassD : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return "Calling MethodD"; } } public class SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3> where T1 : class,new() where T2 : class,new() where T3 : class,new() { private static T1 t1; private static T2 t2; private static T3 t3; private SingletonFasade() { t1 = new T1(); t2 = new T2(); t3 = new T3(); } class SingletonCreator { static SingletonCreator() { } internal static readonly SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3> uniqueInstace = new SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3>(); } public static SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3> UniqueInstace { get { return SingletonCreator.uniqueInstace; } } public string SingletonFasadeMethod() { //Problem is here return t1.Method() + t2.Method() + t3.Method(); } } } I use this for my problem. public class SingletonFasade<T1, T2, T3> where T1 : class, IMyInterface, new() where T2 : class, IMyInterface, new() where T3 : class, IMyInterface, new() {//...} Is any solution without Interfaces ??

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• FLV performance and garbage collection

  - by justinbach

  I'm building a large flash site (AS3) that uses huge FLVs as transition videos from section to section. The FLVs are 1280x800 and are being scaled to 1680x1050 (much of which is not displayed to users with smaller screens), and are around 5-8 seconds apiece. I'm encoding the videos using On2's hi-def codec, VP6-S, and playback is pretty good with native FLV players, Perian-equipped Quicktime, and simple proof-of-concept FLV playback apps built in AS3. The problem I'm having is that in the context of the actual site, playback isn't as smooth; the framerate isn't quite as good as it should be, and more problematically, there's occasional jerkiness and dropped frames (sometimes pausing the video for as long as a quarter of a second or so). My guess is that this is being caused by garbage collection in the Flash player, which happens nondeterministically and is therefore hard to test and control for. I'm using a single instance of FLVPlayback to play the videos; I originally was using NetStream objects and so forth directly but switched to FLVPlayback for this reason. Has anyone experienced this sort of jerkiness with FLVPlayback (or more generally, with hi-def Flash video)? Am I right about GC being the culprit here, and if so, is there any way to prevent it during playback of these system-intensive transitions?

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• Some Async Socket Code - Help with Garbage Collection?

  - by divinci

  Hi all, I think this question is really about my understanding of Garbage collection and variable references. But I will go ahead and throw out some code for you to look at. // Please note do not use this code for async sockets, just to highlight my question // SocketTransport // This is a simple wrapper class that is used as the 'state' object // when performing Async Socket Reads/Writes public class SocketTransport { public Socket Socket; public byte[] Buffer; public SocketTransport(Socket socket, byte[] buffer) { this.Socket = socket; this.Buffer = buffer; } } // Entry point - creates a SocketTransport, then passes it as the state // object when Asyncly reading from the socket. public void ReadOne(Socket socket) { SocketTransport socketTransport_One = new SocketTransport(socket, new byte[10]); socketTransport_One.Socket.BeginRecieve ( socketTransport_One.Buffer, // Buffer to store data 0, // Buffer offset 10, // Read Length SocketFlags.None // SocketFlags new AsyncCallback(OnReadOne), // Callback when BeginRead completes socketTransport_One // 'state' object to pass to Callback. ); } public void OnReadOne(IAsyncResult ar) { SocketTransport socketTransport_One = ar.asyncState as SocketTransport; ProcessReadOneBuffer(socketTransport_One.Buffer); // Do processing // New Read // Create another! SocketTransport (what happens to first one?) SocketTransport socketTransport_Two = new SocketTransport(socket, new byte[10]); socketTransport_Two.Socket.BeginRecieve ( socketTransport_One.Buffer, 0, 10, SocketFlags.None new AsyncCallback(OnReadTwo), socketTransport_Two ); } public void OnReadTwo(IAsyncResult ar) { SocketTransport socketTransport_Two = ar.asyncState as SocketTransport; .............. So my question is: The first SocketTransport to be created (socketTransport_One) has a strong reference to a Socket object (lets call is ~SocketA~). Once the async read is completed, a new SocketTransport object is created (socketTransport_Two) also with a strong reference to ~SocketA~. Q1. Will socketTransport_One be collected by the garbage collector when method OnReadOne exits? Even though it still contains a strong reference to ~SocketA~ Thanks all!

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• Android ListActivity with Bitmaps and Garbage Collection issue

  - by chis54

  I have a ListActivity and in it I set my list items with a class that extends SimpleCursorAdapter. I'm overriding bindView to set my Views. I have some TextViews and ImageViews. This is how I set my list items in my cursor adapter: String variableName = "drawable/q" + num + "_200px"; int imageResource = context.getResources().getIdentifier(variableName, "drawable", context.getPackageName()); if (imageResource != 0 ) { // The drawable exists Bitmap b = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), imageResource); width = b.getWidth(); height = b.getHeight(); imageView.getLayoutParams().width = (int) (width); imageView.getLayoutParams().height = (int) (height); imageView.setImageResource(imageResource); } else { imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.25trans_200px); } The problem I'm having is whenever I update my list with setListAdapter I get a large amount of garbage collection: D/dalvikvm(18637): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 125K, 51% free 2710K/5447K, external 2022K/2137K, paused 75ms D/dalvikvm(18637): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 30K, 51% free 2701K/5447K, external 2669K/2972K, paused 64ms D/dalvikvm(18637): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 23K, 51% free 2713K/5447K, external 3479K/3579K, paused 53ms D/dalvikvm(18637): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 22K, 51% free 2706K/5447K, external 3303K/3352K, paused 64ms D/dalvikvm(18637): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 21K, 51% free 2722K/5447K, external 3569K/3685K, paused 102ms D/dalvikvm(18637): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 23K, 50% free 2755K/5447K, external 3499K/3605K, paused 65ms D/dalvikvm(18637): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 23K, 50% free 2771K/5447K, external 4213K/4488K, paused 53ms D/dalvikvm(18637): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 18K, 49% free 2796K/5447K, external 5057K/5343K, paused 75ms D/dalvikvm(18637): GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 28K, 49% free 2803K/5447K, external 5944K/5976K, paused 53ms D/dalvikvm( 435): GC_EXPLICIT freed 6K, 54% free 2544K/5511K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 50ms D/dalvikvm( 165): GC_EXPLICIT freed 85K, 52% free 2946K/6087K, external 4838K/5980K, paused 111ms D/dalvikvm( 448): GC_EXPLICIT freed 1K, 54% free 2540K/5511K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 50ms D/dalvikvm( 294): GC_EXPLICIT freed 8K, 55% free 2598K/5703K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 64ms What can I do to avoid this? It's causing my UI to be sluggish and when I scroll, too.

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• Java Generic Type and Reflection

  - by Tom Tucker

  I have some tricky generic type problem involving reflection. Here's the code. public @interface MyConstraint { Class<? extends MyConstraintValidator<?>> validatedBy(); } public interface MyConstraintValidator<T extends Annotation> { void initialize(T annotation); } /** @param annotation is annotated with MyConstraint. */ public void run(Annotation annotation) { Class<? extends MyConstraintValidator<? extends Annotation>> validatorClass = annotation.annotationType().getAnnotation(MyConstraint.class).validatedBy(); validatorClass.newInstance().initialize(annotation) // will not compile! } The run() method above will not compile because of the following error. The method initialize(capture#10-of ? extends Annotation) in the type MyConstraintValidator<capture#10-of ? extends Annotation> is not applicable for the arguments (Annotation) If I remove the wild cards, then it compiles and works fine. What would be the propert way to declare the type parameter for the vairable validatorClass? Thanks.

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• Generic Singleton Fasade design pattern

  - by Paul

  Hi I try write singleton fasede pattern with generics. I have one problem, how can I call method from generic variable. Something like this: T1 t1 = new T1(); //call method from t1 t1.Method(); In method SingletonFasadeMethod I have compile error: Error 1 'T1' does not contain a definition for 'Method' and no extension method 'Method' accepting a first argument of type 'T1' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) Any advace? Thank, I am beginner in C#. All code is here: namespace GenericSingletonFasade { public interface IMyInterface { string Method(); } internal class ClassA : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return " Calling MethodA "; } } internal class ClassB : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return " Calling MethodB "; } } internal class ClassC : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return "Calling MethodC"; } } internal class ClassD : IMyInterface { public string Method() { return "Calling MethodD"; } } public class SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3> where T1 : class,new() where T2 : class,new() where T3 : class,new() { private static T1 t1; private static T2 t2; private static T3 t3; private SingletonFasade() { t1 = new T1(); t2 = new T2(); t3 = new T3(); } class SingletonCreator { static SingletonCreator() { } internal static readonly SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3> uniqueInstace = new SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3>(); } public static SingletonFasade<T1,T2,T3> UniqueInstace { get { return SingletonCreator.uniqueInstace; } } public string SingletonFasadeMethod() { //Problem is here return t1.Method() + t2.Method() + t3.Method(); } } }

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• Criteria for triggering garbage collection in .Net

  - by Kennet Belenky

  I've come across some curious behavior with regard to garbage collection in .Net. The following program will throw an OutOfMemoryException very quickly (after less than a second on a 32-bit, 2GB machine). The Foo finalizer is never called. class Foo { static Dictionary<Guid, WeakReference> allFoos = new Dictionary<Guid, WeakReference>(); Guid guid = Guid.NewGuid(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1000000]; static Random rand = new Random(); public Foo() { // Uncomment the following line and the program will run forever. // rand.NextBytes(buffer); allFoos[guid] = new WeakReference(this); } ~Foo() { allFoos.Remove(guid); } static public void Main(string args[]) { for (; ; ) { new Foo(); } } } If the rand.nextBytes line is uncommented, it will run ad infinitum, and the Foo finalizer is regularly invoked. Why is that? My best guess is that in the former case, either the CLR or the Windows VMM is lazy about allocating physical memory. The buffer never gets written to, so the physical memory is never used. When the address space runs out, the system crashes. In the latter case, the system runs out of physical memory before it runs out of address space, the GC is triggered and the objects are collected. However, here's the part I don't get. Assuming my theory is correct, why doesn't the GC trigger when the address space runs low? If my theory is incorrect, then what's the real explanation?

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• write a function using generic

  - by user296551

  hi,guy, i want write a function using c#, and it accept any type parameter,i want use generic list to do, but i can't finish, it's wrong, how to do it? perhaps there are other ways?? thinks! public class City { public int Id; public int? ParentId; public string CityName; } public class ProductCategory { public int Id; public int? ParentId; public string Category; public int Price; } public class Test { public void ReSortList<T>(IEnumerable<T> sources, ref IEnumerable<T> returns, int parentId) { //how to do like this: /* var parents = from source in sources where source.ParentId == parentId && source.ParentId.HasValue select source; foreach (T child in parents) { returns.Add(child); ReSortList(sources, ref returns, child.Id); } */ } public void Test() { IList<City> city = new List<City>(); city.Add(new City() { Id = 1, ParentId = 0, CityName = "China" }); city.Add(new City() { Id = 2, ParentId = null, CityName = "America" }); city.Add(new City() { Id = 3, ParentId = 1, CityName = "Guangdong" }); IList<City> results = new List<City>(); ReSortList<City>(city, ref results, 0); //error } }

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• Serializing Class Derived from Generic Collection yet Deserializing the Generic Collection

  - by Stacey

  I have a Repository Class with the following method... public T Single<T>(Predicate<T> expression) { using (var list = (Models.Collectable<T>)System.Xml.Serializer.Deserialize(typeof(Models.Collectable<T>), FileName)) { return list.Find(expression); } } Where Collectable is defined.. [Serializable] public class Collectable<T> : List<T>, IDisposable { public Collectable() { } public void Dispose() { } } And an Item that uses it is defined.. [Serializable] [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRoot("Titles")] public partial class Titles : Collectable<Title> { } The problem is when I call the method, it expects "Collectable" to be the XmlRoot, but the XmlRoot is "Titles" (all of object Title). I have several classes that are collected in .xml files like this, but it seems pointless to rewrite the basic methods for loading each up when the generic accessors do it - but how can I enforce the proper root name for each file without hard coding methods for each one? The [System.Xml.Serialization.XmlRoot] seems to be ignored. When called like this... var titles = Repository.List<Models.Title>(); I get the exception <Titlesxmlns=''> was not expected. The XML is formatted such as. .. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-16"?> <Titles xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <Title> <Id>442daf7d-193c-4da8-be0b-417cec9dc1c5</Id> </Title> </Titles> Here is the deserialization code. public static T Deserialize<T>(String xmlString) { System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer XmlFormatSerializer = new System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer(typeof(T)); StreamReader XmlStringReader = new StreamReader(xmlString); //XmlTextReader XmlFormatReader = new XmlTextReader(XmlStringReader); try { return (T)XmlFormatSerializer.Deserialize(XmlStringReader); } catch (Exception e) { throw e; } finally { XmlStringReader.Close(); } }

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• get_or_create generic relations in Django & python debugging in general

  - by rabidpebble

  I ran the code to create the generically related objects from this demo: http://www.djangoproject.com/documentation/models/generic_relations/ Everything is good intially: >>> bacon.tags.create(tag="fatty") <TaggedItem: fatty> >>> tag, newtag = bacon.tags.get_or_create(tag="fatty") >>> tag <TaggedItem: fatty> >>> newtag False But then the use case that I'm interested in for my app: >>> tag, newtag = bacon.tags.get_or_create(tag="wholesome") Traceback (most recent call last): File "<console>", line 1, in <module> File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/manager.py", line 123, in get_or_create return self.get_query_set().get_or_create(**kwargs) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/db/models/query.py", line 343, in get_or_create raise e IntegrityError: app_taggeditem.content_type_id may not be NULL I tried a bunch of random things after looking at other code: >>> tag, newtag = bacon.tags.get_or_create(tag="wholesome", content_type=TaggedItem) ValueError: Cannot assign "<class 'generics.app.models.TaggedItem'>": "TaggedItem.content_type" must be a "ContentType" instance. or: >>> tag, newtag = bacon.tags.get_or_create(tag="wholesome", content_type=TaggedItem.content_type) InterfaceError: Error binding parameter 3 - probably unsupported type. etc. I'm sure somebody can give me the correct syntax, but the real problem here is that I have no idea what is going on. I have developed in strongly typed languages for over ten years (x86 assembly, C++ and C#) but am new to Python. I find it really difficult to follow what is going on in Python when things like this break. In the languages I mentioned previously it's fairly straightforward to figure things like this out -- check the method signature and check your parameters. Looking at the Django documentation for half an hour left me just as lost. Looking at the source for get_or_create(self, **kwargs) didn't help either since there is no method signature and the code appears very generic. A next step would be to debug the method and try to figure out what is happening, but this seems a bit extreme... I seem to be missing some fundamental operating principle here... what is it? How do I resolve issues like this on my own in the future?

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• Problem Registering a Generic Repository with Windsor IoC

  - by Robin

  I’m fairly new to IoC and perhaps my understanding of generics and inheritance is not strong enough for what I’m trying to do. You might find this to be a mess. I have a generic Repository base class: public class Repository<TEntity> where TEntity : class, IEntity { private Table<TEntity> EntityTable; private string _connectionString; private string _userName; public string UserName { get { return _userName; } set { _userName = value; } } public Repository() {} public Repository(string connectionString) { _connectionString = connectionString; EntityTable = (new DataContext(connectionString)).GetTable<TEntity>(); } public Repository(string connectionString, string userName) { _connectionString = connectionString; _userName = userName; EntityTable = (new DataContext(connectionString)).GetTable<TEntity>(); } // Data access methods ... ... } and a SqlClientRepository that inherits Repository: public class SqlClientRepository : Repository<Client> { private Table<Client> ClientTable; private string _connectionString; private string _userName; public SqlClientRepository() {} public SqlClientRepository(string connectionString) : base(connectionString) { _connectionString = connectionString; ClientTable = (new DataContext(connectionString)).GetTable<Client>(); } public SqlClientRepository(string connectionString, string userName) : base(connectionString, userName) { _connectionString = connectionString; _userName = userName; ClientTable = (new DataContext(connectionString)).GetTable<Client>(); } // data access methods unique to Client repository ... } The Repository class provides some generics methods like Save, Delete, etc, that I want all my repository derived classes to share. The TEntity parameter is constrained to the IEntity interface: public interface IEntity { int Id { get; set; } NameValueCollection GetSaveRuleViolations(); NameValueCollection GetDeleteRuleViolations(); } This allows the Repository class to reference these methods within its Save and Delete methods. Unit tests work fine on mock SqlClientRepository instances as well as live unit tests on the real database. However, in the MVC context: public class ClientController : Controller { private SqlClientRepository _clientRepository; public ClientController(SqlClientRepository clientRepository) { this._clientRepository = clientRepository; } public ClientController() { } // ViewResult methods ... ... } ... _clientRepository is always null. I’m using Windor Castle as an IoC container. Here is the configuration: <component id="ClientRepository" service="DomainModel.Concrete.Repository`1[[DomainModel.Entities.Client, DomainModel]], DomainModel" type="DomainModel.Concrete.SqlClientRepository, DomainModel" lifestyle="PerWebRequest"> <parameters> <connectionString>#{myConnStr}</connectionString> </parameters> </component> I’ve tried many variations in the Windsor configuration file. I suspect it’s more of a design flaw in the above code. As I'm looking over my code, it occurs to me that when registering components with an IoC container, perhaps service must always be an interface. Could this be it? Does anybody have a suggestion? Thanks in advance.

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• Installed Ubuntu 14.04LTS

  - by user291729

  On my laptop which came pre-installed with Windows 8.1. Felt I needed to see the competition for myself to establish which was a better OS. So I followed the channels to dual boot. All seemed fine and I accessed Ubuntu with no issues after selecting this from the menu to select the OS. I should add that the boot method was changed to legacy. However, since using Ubuntu, I no longer have the ability to select the OS. The laptop simply logs straight into Ubuntu. I therefore attempted to access the recovery options, only it appears the Windows 8 bootloader has somehow been corrupted as I am now told to use the Windows 8 recovery disc (which, as this was pre-installed - I do not have). Left with no other alternative, I have scoured these forums without success, and so I am hoping someone in the know (or who has experienced similar) can help. I have tried boot repair again without success. On rebooting I am only presented with a basic splash screen asking me to select Ubuntu, Memtest, Windows 8 Recovery or Windows 8 Bootloader (The bootloaders again require I insert the disc). I have tried Code: cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg df -h sudo fdisk -l cat /proc/partitions # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="0" fi if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=800x600 load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_GB insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then set timeout=-1 else if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=menu set timeout=20 # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. else set timeout=20 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf } menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-7A6A69D66A698FA5' { insmod part_gpt insmod ntfs set root='hd0,gpt2' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 7A6A69D66A698FA5 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7A6A69D66A698FA5 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } menuentry 'Windows 8 (loader) (on /dev/sda3)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-8C88-80F7' { insmod part_gpt insmod fat set root='hd0,gpt3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8C88-80F7 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8C88-80F7 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } set timeout_style=menu if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi if [ "${next_entry}" ] ; then set default="${next_entry}" set next_entry= save_env next_entry set boot_once=true else set default="0" fi if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=800x600 load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=en_GB insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ] ; then set timeout=-1 else if [ x$feature_timeout_style = xy ] ; then set timeout_style=menu set timeout=20 # Fallback normal timeout code in case the timeout_style feature is # unavailable. else set timeout=20 fi fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } submenu 'Advanced options for Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-29-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-29-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-29-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-29-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-29-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-advanced-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro vga=789 quiet quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-24-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.13.0-24-generic-recovery-d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi echo 'Loading Linux 3.13.0-24-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-24-generic root=UUID=d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad ro recovery nomodeset vga=789 quiet echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-24-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi knetbsd /boot/memtest86+.elf } menuentry 'Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)' { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='hd0,gpt9' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt9 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt9 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt9 d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root d2f10f36-e3bb-4d83-a9b8-5d456fc454ad fi linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Windows Recovery Environment (loader) (on /dev/sda2)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-7A6A69D66A698FA5' { insmod part_gpt insmod ntfs set root='hd0,gpt2' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt2 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt2 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt2 7A6A69D66A698FA5 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 7A6A69D66A698FA5 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } menuentry 'Windows 8 (loader) (on /dev/sda3)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-8C88-80F7' { insmod part_gpt insmod fat set root='hd0,gpt3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,gpt3 --hint-efi=hd0,gpt3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,gpt3 8C88-80F7 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 8C88-80F7 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } set timeout_style=menu if [ "${timeout}" = 0 ]; then set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### john@john-SVE1713Y1EB:~$ ^C john@john-SVE1713Y1EB:~$ ^C john@john-SVE1713Y1EB:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda9 84G 7.1G 73G 9% / none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup udev 3.9G 4.0K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs 794M 1.4M 793M 1% /run none 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none 3.9G 80K 3.9G 1% /run/shm none 100M 52K 100M 1% /run/user /dev/sdc1 7.5G 2.2G 5.4G 29% /media/john/DYLANMUSIC /dev/sr0 964M 964M 0 100% /media/john/Ubuntu 14.04 LTS amd64 /dev/sdb1 1.9T 892G 972G 48% /media/john/Storage Main WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0x4e2ccf75 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 1953525167 976762583+ ee GPT Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/sdc: 8011 MB, 8011120640 bytes 41 heads, 41 sectors/track, 9307 cylinders, total 15646720 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc3072e18 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 8064 15646719 7819328 b W95 FAT32 Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders, total 3907029168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xc7d968ff Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 64 3907029119 1953514528 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT major minor #blocks name 8 0 976762584 sda 8 1 266240 sda1 8 2 1509376 sda2 8 3 266240 sda3 8 4 131072 sda4 8 5 841012780 sda5 8 6 358400 sda6 8 7 35376128 sda7 8 8 1024 sda8 8 9 89501696 sda9 8 10 8337408 sda10 11 0 987136 sr0 8 32 7823360 sdc 8 33 7819328 sdc1 8 16 1953514584 sdb 8 17 1953514528 sdb1 I am no expert on this and I'm at a loss as how to correct this without having to re-format everything and reinstall Windows 8. However, if I'm to try using Ubuntu again then there is the risk this problem may come back. Again, I did not do anything manually - the installer did everything (with the exception of changing the boot to Legacy to allow the booting of another bootloader). LiveCD works but doesn't give me the options that I've seen here and as mentioned earlier, only boot recovery only gives me the options as mentioned earlier. Also this fails to load via USB (possibly because HDD comes before USB in the boot order?). Being used to a Windows environment, the Ubuntu (and Linux) environment is a dive at a less than comfortable depth at present (but one I fully intend to get to grips with - especially the commands being more common via Terminal). I very much appreciate the help with this guys.

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• Should I use a collection here?

  - by Eva

  So I have code set up like this: public interface IInterface { public void setField(Object field); } public abstract class AbstractClass extends JPanel implements IInterface { private Object field_; public void setField(Object field) { field_ = field; } } public class ClassA extends AbstractClass { public ClassA() { // unique ClassA constructor stuff } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(1, 1); } } public class ClassB extends AbstractClass { public ClassB() { // unique ClassB constructor stuff } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(42, 42); } } public class ConsumerA { public ConsumerA(Collection<AbstractClass> collection) { for (AbstractClass abstractClass : collection) { abstractClass.setField(this); abstractClass.repaint(); } } } All hunky-dory so far, until public class ConsumerB { // Option 1 public ConsumerB(ClassA a, ClassB b) { methodThatOnlyTakesA(a); methodThatOnlyTakesB(b); } // Option 2 public ConsumerB(Collection<AbstractClass> collection) { for (IInterface i : collection) { if (i instanceof ClassA) { methodThatOnlyTakesA((ClassA) i); else if (i instanceof ClassB) { methodThatOnlyTakesB((ClassB) i); } } } } public class UsingOption1 { public static void main(String[] args) { ClassA a = new ClassA(); ClassB b = new ClassB(); Collection<AbstractClass> collection = Arrays.asList(a, b); ConsumerA consumerA = new ConsumerA(collection); ConsumerB consumerB = new ConsumerB(a, b); } } public class UsingOption2 { public static void main(String[] args) { Collection<AbstractClass> collection = Arrays.asList(new ClassA(), new ClassB()); ConsumerA = new ConsumerA(collection); ConsumerB = new ConsumerB(collection); } } With a lot more classes extending AbstractClass, both options get unwieldly. Option1 would make the constructor of ConsumerB really long. Also UsingOption1 would get long too. Option2 would have way more if statements than I feel comfortable with. Is there a viable Option3? If it helps, ClassA and ClassB have all the same methods, they're just implemented differently. Thanks for slogging through my code!

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• Strings and Garbage Collection

  - by Kyle Rozendo

  I have heard conflicting stories on this topic and am looking for a little bit of clarity. How would one dispose of a string object immediately, or at the very least clear traces of it?

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• Creating generic list of instances of a class.

  - by Jim Branson

  I have several projects where I build a dictionary from a small class. I'm using C# 2008, Visual studio 2008 and .net 3.5 This is the code: namespace ReportsTest { class Junk { public static Dictionary<string, string> getPlatKeys() { Dictionary<string, string> retPlatKeys = new Dictionary<string, string>(); SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("Data Source=JB55LTARL;Initial Catalog=HldiReports;Integrated Security=True"); SqlDataReader Dr = null; conn.Open(); SqlCommand cmnd = new SqlCommand("SELECT Make, Series, RedesignYear, SeriesName FROM CompPlatformKeys", conn); Dr = cmnd.ExecuteReader(); while (Dr.Read()) { utypPlatKeys rec = new utypPlatKeys(Dr); retPlatKeys.Add(rec.Make + rec.Series + rec.RedesignYear, rec.SeriesName); } conn = null; Dr = null; return retPlatKeys; } } public class utypPlatKeys { public string Make { get; set; } public string Series { get; set; } public string RedesignYear { get; set; } public string SeriesName { get; set; } public utypPlatKeys(SqlDataReader dr) { this.Make = dr.GetInt16(dr.GetOrdinal("Make")).ToString("D3"); this.Series = dr.GetInt16(dr.GetOrdinal("Series")).ToString("D3"); this.RedesignYear = dr.GetInt16(dr.GetOrdinal("RedesignYear")).ToString(); this.SeriesName = dr["SeriesName"].ToString(); } } } The immediate window shows all of the entries in retPlatKeys and if you hover over retPlatKeys after loading it indicates the number of elements like this: "retPlatKeys| Count = 923 which is correct. I went to create a new project using this pattern only now the immediate window says retPlatKeys is out of scope and hovering over retPlatKeys after loading I get something like retPlatKeys|0x0000000002578900. Any help is greatly appreciated.

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• How does Garbage Collection in Java work?

  - by Bright010957

  I was wondering how the garbage collector in Java deals with the following situation. Object A has a reference to Object B and Object B has a reference to Object C. The main program has a reference to Object A. So you can use Object B trough Object A, and Object C trough Object B trough Object A. What happens to Object B and Object C, if the link between Object A and Object B is set to null? Should Object B and Object C now been collected by the Garbage Collector? I mean there is still a connection between Object B and Object C.

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• Why other languages don't have automatic garbage collection similar as that of the Java Garbage Coll

  - by anonymous

  What are the reason/s behind other languages not having a Garbage Collector?

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• Collection.contains(Enum.Value) in HQL?

  - by Seth

  I'm a little confused about how to do something in HQL. So let's say I have a class Foo that I'm persisting in hibernate. It contains a set of enum values, like so: public class Foo { @CollectionOfElements private Set<Bar> barSet = new HashSet<Bar>(); //getters and setters here ... } and public enum Bar { A, B } Is there an HQL statement I can use to fetch only Foo instances who'se barSet containst Bar.B? List foos = session.createQuery("from Foo as foo " + "where foo.barSet.contains.Bar.B").list(); Or am I stuck fetching all Foo instances and filtering them out at the DAO level? List foos = session.createQuery("from Foo as foo").list(); List results = new ArrayList(); for(Foo f : foos) { if(f.barSet.contains(Bar.B)) results.add(f); } Thanks!

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• C# collection/string .Contains vs collection/string.IndexOf

  - by Daniel

  Is there a reason to use .Contains on a string/list instead of .IndexOf? Most code that I would write using .Contains would shortly after need the index of the item and therefore would have to do both statements. But why not both in one? if ((index = blah.IndexOf(something) = 0) // i know that Contains is true and i also have the index

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• Resolving a Generic with a Generic parameter in Castle Windsor

  - by Aaron Fischer

  I am trying to register a type like IRequestHandler1[GenericTestRequest1[T]] which will be implemented by GenericTestRequestHandler`1[T] but I am currently getting an error from Windsor "Castle.MicroKernel.ComponentNotFoundException : No component for supporting the service " Is this type of operation supported? Or is it to far removed from the suppored register( Component.For(typeof( IList<).ImplementedBy( typeof( List< ) ) ) below is an example of a breaking test. ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// public interface IRequestHandler{} public interface IRequestHandler<TRequest> : IRequestHandler where TRequest : Request{} public class GenericTestRequest<T> : Request{} public class GenericTestRequestHandler<T> : RequestHandler<GenericTestRequest<T>>{} [TestFixture] public class ComponentRegistrationTests{ [Test] public void DoNotAutoRegisterGenericRequestHandler(){ var IOC = new Castle.Windsor.WindsorContainer(); var type = typeof( IRequestHandler<> ).MakeGenericType( typeof( GenericTestRequest<> ) ); IOC.Register( Component.For( type ).ImplementedBy( typeof( GenericTestRequestHandler<> ) ) ); var requestHandler = IoC.Container.Resolve( typeof(IRequestHandler<GenericTestRequest<String>>)); Assert.IsInstanceOf <IRequestHandler<GenericTestRequest<String>>>( requestHandler ); Assert.IsNotNull( requestHandler ); } }

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• Generic List<T> as IEnumerable<object>

  - by Avi

  I'm trying to do cast a List to an IEnumerable, so I can verify that different lists are not null or empty: Suppose myList is a List < T . Then in the caller code I wanted: Validator.VerifyNotNullOrEmpty(myList as IEnumerable<object>, @"myList", @"ClassName.MethodName"); The valdiating code would be: public static void VerifyNotNullOrEmpty(IEnumerable<object> theIEnumerable, string theIEnumerableName, string theVerifyingPosition) { string errMsg = theVerifyingPosition + " " + theIEnumerableName; if (theIEnumerable == null) { errMsg += @" is null"; Debug.Assert(false); throw new ApplicationException(errMsg); } else if (theIEnumerable.Count() == 0) { errMsg += @" is empty"; Debug.Assert(false); throw new ApplicationException(errMsg); } } However, this doens't work. It compiles, but theIEnumerable is null! Why?

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• Nhibernate get collection by ICriteria

  - by Andrew Kalashnikov

  Hello, colleagues. I've got a problem at getting my entity. MApping: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <hibernate-mapping xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2" assembly="Clients.Core" namespace="Clients.Core.Domains"> <class name="Sales, Clients.Core" table='sales'> <id name="Id" unsaved-value="0"> <column name="id" not-null="true"/> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="Guid"> <column name="guid"/> </property> <set name="Accounts" table="sales_users" lazy="false"> <key column="sales_id" /> <element column="user_id" type="Int32" /> </set> </class> Domain: public class Sales : BaseDomain { ICollection<int> accounts = new List<int>(); public virtual ICollection<int> Accounts { get { return accounts; } set { accounts = value; } } public Sales() { } } I want get query such as SELECT * FROM sales s INNER JOIN sales_users su on su.sales_id=s.id WHERE su.user_id=:N How can i do this through ICriterion object? Thanks a lot.

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• weak references and garbage collection

  - by FredOverflow

  Suppose I have a weak reference to a car which has an ordinary reference to an engine. No other references to the car or the engine exist. Can the engine be garbage collected?

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• Datatype to use for collection of QT buttons

  - by different

  Hi Everyone, I am brand new to QT and need to develop the Mancala game. Since I'm brand new to the QT environment, my plan it to keep things very simple. I will be using the "Push Button" widget as pieces on the game. Since two players play this game, my idea is to have to arrays of buttons. One array for player 1 and the other for player 2. My question is since I am using "Push Button" widgets, how can I group them to iterate through? I notice that QT has both the array and vector data types but I'm confused on how these data types can be used to "group" the buttons. Does anyone know of any sample code or tutorials to look at to learn more? Thanks for your time and any input provided.

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• Casting a non-generic type to a generic one

  - by John Sheehan

  I've got this class: class Foo { public string Name { get; set; } } And this class class Foo<T> : Foo { public T Data { get; set; } } Here's what I want to do: public Foo<T> GetSome() { Foo foo = GetFoo(); Foo<T> foot = (Foo<T>)foo; foot.Data = GetData<T>(); return foot; } What's the easiest way to convert Foo to Foo<T>? I can't cast directly InvalidCastException) and I don't want to copy each property manually (in my actual use case, there's more than one property) if I don't have to. Is a user-defined type conversion the way to go?

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