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  • Algorithms after load-balancer?

    - by Vimvq1987
    I need to study about load-balancers, such as Network Load Balancing, Linux Virtual Server, HAProxy,...There're somethings under-the-hood I need to know: What algorithms/technologies are used in these load-balancers? Which is the most popular? most effective? I expect that these algorithms/technologies will not be too complicated. Are there some resources written about them? Thank you very much for your help.

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  • What does it mean when ARP shows <incomplete> on eth1

    - by Geoff Dalgas
    We have been using HAProxy along with heartbeat from the Linux-HA project. We are using two linux instances to provide a failover. Each server has with their own public IP and a single IP which is shared between the two using a virtual interface (eth1:1) at IP: 69.59.196.211 The virtual interface (eth1:1) IP 69.59.196.211 is configured as the gateway for the windows servers behind them and we use ip_forwarding to route traffic. We are experiencing an occasional network outage on one of our windows servers behind our linux gateways. HAProxy will detect the server is offline which we can verify by remoting to the failed server and attempting to ping the gateway: Pinging 69.59.196.211 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 69.59.196.220: Destination host unreachable. Running arp -a on this failed server shows that there is no entry for the gateway address (69.59.196.211): Interface: 69.59.196.220 --- 0xa Internet Address Physical Address Type 69.59.196.161 00-26-88-63-c7-80 dynamic 69.59.196.210 00-15-5d-0a-3e-0e dynamic 69.59.196.212 00-21-5e-4d-45-c9 dynamic 69.59.196.213 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.215 00-21-5e-4d-61-1a dynamic 69.59.196.217 00-21-5e-4d-2c-e8 dynamic 69.59.196.219 00-21-5e-4d-38-e5 dynamic 69.59.196.221 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.222 00-15-5d-0a-3e-09 dynamic 69.59.196.223 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 225.0.0.1 01-00-5e-00-00-01 static On our linux gateway instances arp -a shows: peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at <incomplete> on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-222.peak.org (69.59.196.222) at 00:15:5d:0a:3e:09 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 Why would arp occasionally set the entry for this failed server as <incomplete>? Should we be defining our arp entries statically? I've always left arp alone since it works 99% of the time, but in this one instance it appears to be failing. Are there any additional troubleshooting steps we can take help resolve this issue? THINGS WE HAVE TRIED I added a static arp entry for testing on one of the linux gateways which still didn't help. root@haproxy2:~# arp -a peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-221.peak.org (69.59.196.221) at 00:15:5d:00:b2:0d [ether] on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d [ether] PERM on eth1 root@haproxy2:~# arp -i eth1 -s 69.59.196.220 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d root@haproxy2:~# ping 69.59.196.220 PING 69.59.196.220 (69.59.196.220) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 69.59.196.220 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 6006ms Rebooting the windows web server solves this issue temporarily with no other changes to the network but our experience shows this issue will come back. Swapping network cards and switches I noticed the link light on the port of the switch for the failed windows server was running at 100Mb instead of 1Gb on the failed interface. I moved the cable to several other open ports and the link indicated 100Mb for each port that I tried. I also swapped the cable with the same result. I tried changing the properties of the network card in windows and the server locked up and required a hard reset after clicking apply. This windows server has two physical network interfaces so I have swapped the cables and network settings on the two interfaces to see if the problem follows the interface. If the public interface goes down again we will know that it is not an issue with the network card. (We also tried another switch we have on hand, no change) Changing network hardware driver versions We've had the same problem with the latest Broadcom driver, as well as the built-in driver that ships in Windows Server 2008 R2. Replacing network cables As a last ditch effort we remembered another change that occurred was the replacement of all of the patch cords between our servers / switch. We had purchased two sets, one green of lengths 1ft - 3ft for the private interfaces and another set of red cables for the public interfaces. We swapped out all of the public interface patch cables with a different brand and ran our servers without issue for a full week ... aaaaaand then the problem recurred. Disable checksum offload, remove TProxy We also tried disabling TCP/IP checksum offload in the driver, no change. We're now pulling out TProxy and moving to a more traditional x-forwarded-for network arrangement without any fancy IP address rewriting. We'll see if that helps.

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  • Software for failover across multiple external hosts

    - by Lin
    I have multiple webservers with the same content, hosted across different providers. However, I can't seem to find a nice, simple failover solution. Load-balancing software (Pound, HAProxy, etc.) are unnecessary, and I need the flexibility to manage over 100+ domains, so the paid DNS failover solutions I've found are too expensive. So far the simplest solution I've thought of is just to set a very low TTL (30min - 1hr) in each zone entry on my nameservers (running BIND). Then, continuously monitor each server, and temporarily remove failed servers from zone entries. But this seems like something that should be currently available. I only have root access to different VPSes running CentOS. Any suggestions? Thanks!

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  • Load balancing Apache on a budget?

    - by Industrial
    Hi everyone, I am trying to get my head around the concept of load balancing to ensure availability and redundancy to keep users happy when things go wrong, rather than load balancing for the sake of offering blistering speed to millions of users. We're on a budget and trying to stick to the stuff where there's plenty of knowledge available, so running Apache on Ubuntu VPS's seems like the strategy until some famous search engine acquire us (Saturday irony included, please note). At least to me, it's a complete jungle of different solutions available. Apaches own mod_proxy & HAproxy are two that we found by a quick google search, but having zero experience of load balancing, I have no idea of what would be appropriate for our situation, or what we would look after while choosing a solution to solve our availability concerns. What is the best option for us? What should we do to get availability high whilst staying inside our budgets?

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  • Best Linux distro for load-balancers?

    - by Vimvq1987
    I wanted to try HAProxy/Linux Virtual Server like front-end load-balancers, but as far I know, they're Linux-based software. I don't have any experiences with Linux yet. so there're quite many questions to ask: What is the best Linux distro(s) for load-balancing? I plan to use VirtualPC to run some virtual machines. How much RAM is the best for each machine run that distro? I want to simulate a load-balancer with can handle about 100 hits/second, is it possible? Thank you very much!

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  • Does Apache2 Configured as ReverseProxy Hide Cookies Set by Backend Servers?

    - by Ianthe
    I use Apache 2.2.16 as Reverse Proxy. For a static website, I don't have any issues. However, when began to use cookies, I've noticed that cookies are not being sent to the client. Here's a snippet of my config: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName app.somewhere.com:80 ServerAlias app ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass /app http://10.x.x.x/app ProxyPassReverse /app http://10.x.x.x/app <Location /> Order allow,deny Allow from all </Location> </VirtualHost> But when I try to access the app server directly, I receive the cookies ok. Is this an expected behaviour for Apache2? I'm using HAProxy for another application that sends cookies to the client and I get all of them.

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  • How do I host multiple SSL websites on a single EC2 instance using Amazon Elastic Load Balancers?

    - by Developr
    If I have 3 separate websites which all require SSL (separate certificates) that I want to host on the same EC2 instance(s) across multiple availability zones so that we have the ability to scale and be highly available, how do I achieve this using ELBs in my Amazon VPC? Each site requires a separate IP address, so I have added multiple private IPs to the EC2 instance, but I am unsure how to bind the ELB to a certain IP on the instance. I was also able to setup multiple ELB pointing to the same instance, but again, I am not seeing any way to bind each ELB to a separate IP on the instance. If this is not possible, what is the best option? Run each site on a separate EC2 instance / ELB combo (expensive and harder to maintain) Give each site a separate public IP and use Route 53 to do the load balancing (seems like a hack) Use a different load balancer option such as HAProxy that should be able to work like a normal load balancer appliance. Please help!

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  • Configuring BIND to use VM's DNS for specific domain

    - by Srirangan
    I work on a project for which I use an Ubuntu server vm on an Ubuntu host. The VM runs all the services / webapps through haproxy and nginx and serves it on the domain (xyz.com). I manually modify my resolv.conf to use the VMs IP address as the nameserver and I can run my app on the host browser. The problem is I am modifying an auto-generated file (resolv.conf) and I need to do it each time. Is there a smart way to say: -- are you accessing xyz.com? -- if yes use VM's DNS server, else use the hosts

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  • UDP Reverse Proxy

    - by user180195
    I have found a way to make reverse-proxy to an external IP. Here is how someone making a request will see it's request being passed: Clients sends request Request reaches the Datacenter one in some place That datacenter, acting as a reverse proxy will redirect the same exact request to another datacenter. The datacenter will then process the request Although, this only works with TCP/HTTP (Looking currently at HaProxy). I am hosting game servers at the other datacenter (where the proxy is not) that are using UDP protocol. Do you know how can I setup a reverse proxy using the UDP protocol.

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  • Protect apache pages by URL

    - by Thomas
    Is it possible to allow access to specific URLs only to certain networks? Basically, I would like to restrict access to the admin area only to the local network This area's pages are prefixed by /admin Essentially, I would like all /admin/* to be forbidden from public access. Can apache handle such a case? Thanks UPDATE Using your suggestions I came up to <LocationMatch admin> Order allow,deny deny from all Allow From 192.168.11.0/255.255.255.0 </LocationMatch> However, I get 403 even though I am on the network. Additionally, if I put apache behind haproxy, is this going to work? Because the traffic will be coming from 127.0.0.1 to apache

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  • Apply SetEnvIf after Apache RewriteRule

    - by coneybeare
    I have a working apache rewrite rule: RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^.*foo.com RewriteRule (.*) http://bar.com$1 [R=301,QSA,L] and some working dontlog SetEnvIfs: SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/server-status$" dontlog SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/home/ping$" dontlog SetEnvIf Request_URI "^/haproxy-status$" dontlog SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*internal dummy connection.*" dontlog CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.log combined env=!dontlog but I can't figure out how to stop the RewriteRule from logging a duplicate line. foo.com and bar.com are both on the same machine. I would expect this rule to work, but it did not: SetEnvIf Host "foo.com" dontlog I still get duplicates in the Apache Log: 10.250.18.97 - - [06/Apr/2012:16:57:12 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 732 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3" 68.194.30.42 - - [06/Apr/2012:16:57:12 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 732 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3" .... where 10.250.18.97 is the server's IP. How can I prevent that RewriteRule from logging?

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  • Has ec2 made self-hosting possible for 'amateur' sysadmins possible?

    - by Blankman
    I'm a developer, and it seems ec2 has made it possible for a amateur sysadmin like me to setup and maintain a fairly large set of servers. Now I don't mean to undermine real sys admins, as I know the value of them but what I am trying to get at is that someone like me can setup and maintain a cluster of servers (front end web servers, with some db servers) using tools like ec2 and capistrano with the help of google. Now this isn't something I would do as a long term thing, but as a startup, one-man operation, I think I can pull this off until business takes off and I can hire this important role out. With ec2, I get my firewall, so I basically open up port 80 on my public facing server, which will run haproxy and route requests to my cluster of servers. Ofcourse I am simplifying the setup, but just want a feel for what you guys think about my perception. My application is a web application, that will be runing Ruby on rails (passenger) and talking to mysql or postgresql.

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  • How to manage SOAP requests to a pool of VM each listening on a HTTP port with a priority value in these requests?

    - by sputnick
    I have a front SOAP web-server under Linux. It will have to communicate with Windows Servers VM listening each on a HTTP port, for a HTTP POST request. The chosen VM should return a report of the task to the SOAP client. In the SOAP requests, there's a special variable : the priority of the request (kind of SLA), and my question is coming right now : I think of using a ha software (nginx, HAProxy, HeartBeat...) that can manage priority in this point of view. Is it relevant or do you think I need to implement a queue by myself with some specific developments? Ex: I have a SOAP requests with low priority in the pipe : the weight priority for these VM should be decreased if I have high priority SOAP requests at the same time. Any clue will be really appreciated.

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  • How to push changes from Test server to Live server?

    - by anonymous
    As a beginner, I finally noticed the issue with making changes to the live server I've been working on, now that I have a couple users on it, since I bring it down so often. I created an EC2 image of my live server and set up a separate instance on EC2, so now I have 2 EC2 instances, Stage and Production. I set up GitHub and push changes to stage and test my code there, and when it's all done and working, I push it to the production branch, and everything is good. And there is a slight issue here since I name my files config_stage.js and config_production.js and set up .gitignore on each server, and in my code, I would have it read the ENV flags and set up the appropriate configs, is this the correct approach? And my main question is: how do you keep track of non-code changes to the server? For example, I installed HAProxy, Stunnel, Redis, MongoDB and several other things onto the Stage server for testing and now that it's all working and good, how do I deploy them to production? Right now, I'm just keeping track of everything I installed and copying configuration files over, which is very tedious and I'm afraid I may have missed a step somewhere. Is there a better way to port these changes over from my test server to my live server?

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  • Reading / Writing from a Unix Socket in Ruby

    - by Olly
    I'm trying to connect, read and write from a UNIX socket in Ruby. It is a stats socket used by haproxy. My code is the following: require 'socket' socket = UNIXSocket.new("/tmp/haproxy.stats.socket") # First attempt: works socket.puts("show stat") while(line = socket.gets) do puts line end # Second attemp: fails socket.puts("show stat") while(line = socket.gets) do puts line end It succeeds the first time, but on the second attempt fails. I'm not sure why. # pxname,svname,qcur,qmax,scur,smax,slim,stot,bin,bout,dreq,dresp,ereq,econ,eresp,wretr,wredis,status,weight,act,bck,chkfail,chkdown,lastchg,downtime,qlimit,pid,iid,sid,throttle,lbtot,tracked,type,rate,rate_lim,rate_max,check_status,check_code,check_duration,hrsp_1xx,hrsp_2xx,hrsp_3xx,hrsp_4xx,hrsp_5xx,hrsp_other,hanafail,req_rate,req_rate_max,req_tot,cli_abrt,srv_abrt, stats,FRONTEND,,,0,0,2000,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,OPEN,,,,,,,,,1,1,0,,,,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0,0,0,0,0,,0,0,0,,, stats,BACKEND,0,0,0,0,2000,0,0,0,0,0,,0,0,0,0,UP,0,0,0,,0,22,0,,1,1,0,,0,,1,0,,0,,,,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,0,0, legacy_socket,FRONTEND,,,0,0,1000,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,OPEN,,,,,,,,,1,2,0,,,,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0,0,0,0,0,,0,0,0,,, all,FRONTEND,,,0,0,10000,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,OPEN,,,,,,,,,1,3,0,,,,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0,0,0,0,0,,0,0,0,,, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,22,22,,1,4,1,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,22,22,,1,4,2,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,22,22,,1,4,3,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,22,22,,1,4,4,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,22,22,,1,4,5,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,22,22,,1,4,6,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,22,22,,1,4,7,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,21,21,,1,4,8,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,21,21,,1,4,9,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,socket,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,21,21,,1,4,10,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, socket_backend,BACKEND,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,0,0,0,,1,21,21,,1,4,0,,0,,1,0,,0,,,,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,0,0, api_backend,api,0,0,0,0,200,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,22,0,,1,5,1,,0,,2,0,,0,L4OK,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, api_backend,api,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,22,0,,1,5,2,,0,,2,0,,0,L4OK,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, api_backend,api,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,DOWN,1,1,0,0,1,21,21,,1,5,3,,0,,2,0,,0,L4CON,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, api_backend,BACKEND,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,0,0,0,0,UP,2,2,0,,0,22,0,,1,5,0,,0,,1,0,,0,,,,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,0,0, www_backend,ruby-www,0,0,0,0,10000,0,0,0,,0,,0,0,0,0,UP,1,1,0,0,0,22,0,,1,6,1,,0,,2,0,,0,L4OK,,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,0,0, www_backend,BACKEND,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,,0,0,0,0,UP,1,1,0,,0,22,0,,1,6,0,,0,,1,0,,0,,,,0,0,0,0,0,0,,,,,0,0, /Users/Olly/Desktop/haproxy_stats.rb:14:in `write': Broken pipe (Errno::EPIPE) from /Users/Olly/Desktop/haproxy_stats.rb:14:in `puts' from /Users/Olly/Desktop/haproxy_stats.rb:14 What is the problem? Is there a good reference to using UNIX sockets and Ruby?

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  • Amazon EC2 Load Balancer: Defending against DoS attack?

    - by netvope
    We usually blacklist IPs address with iptables. But in Amazon EC2, if a connection goes through the Elastic Load Balancer, the remote address will be replaced by the load balancer's address, rendering iptables useless. In the case for HTTP, apparently the only way to find out the real remote address is to look at the HTTP header HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR. To me, blocking IPs at the web application level is not an effective way. What is the best practice to defend against DoS attack in this scenario? In this article, someone suggested that we can replace Elastic Load Balancer with HAProxy. However, there are certain disadvantages in doing this, and I'm trying to see if there is any better alternatives.

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  • Windows Server 2008 R2 network adapter stops working, requires hard reboot

    - by Geoff Dalgas
    TL;DR version: Turns out this was a Windows Server 2008 R2 kernel networking bug. After siccing Microsoft support on it, we (eventually) got an unpublished kernel hotfix from Microsoft to address it. If you, too, are experiencing mysterious low-level network driver failures requiring a reboot/bluescreen cycle, you might want that hotfix (or maybe Service Pack 1 whenever it is released, too.) We have been using HAProxy along with heartbeat from the Linux-HA project. We are using two linux instances to provide a failover. Each server has with their own public IP and a single IP which is shared between the two using a virtual interface (eth1:1) at IP: 69.59.196.211 The virtual interface (eth1:1) IP 69.59.196.211 is configured as the gateway for the windows servers behind them and we use ip_forwarding to route traffic. We are experiencing an occasional network outage on one of our windows servers behind our linux gateways. HAProxy will detect the server is offline which we can verify by remoting to the failed server and attempting to ping the gateway: Pinging 69.59.196.211 with 32 bytes of data: Reply from 69.59.196.220: Destination host unreachable. Running arp -a on this failed server shows that there is no entry for the gateway address (69.59.196.211): Interface: 69.59.196.220 --- 0xa Internet Address Physical Address Type 69.59.196.161 00-26-88-63-c7-80 dynamic 69.59.196.210 00-15-5d-0a-3e-0e dynamic 69.59.196.212 00-21-5e-4d-45-c9 dynamic 69.59.196.213 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.215 00-21-5e-4d-61-1a dynamic 69.59.196.217 00-21-5e-4d-2c-e8 dynamic 69.59.196.219 00-21-5e-4d-38-e5 dynamic 69.59.196.221 00-15-5d-00-b2-0d dynamic 69.59.196.222 00-15-5d-0a-3e-09 dynamic 69.59.196.223 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 225.0.0.1 01-00-5e-00-00-01 static On our linux gateway instances arp -a shows: peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at <incomplete> on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-222.peak.org (69.59.196.222) at 00:15:5d:0a:3e:09 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 Why would arp occasionally set the entry for this failed server as <incomplete>? Should we be defining our arp entries statically? I've always left arp alone since it works 99% of the time, but in this one instance it appears to be failing. Are there any additional troubleshooting steps we can take help resolve this issue? THINGS WE HAVE TRIED I added a static arp entry for testing on one of the linux gateways which still didn't help. root@haproxy2:~# arp -a peak-colo-196-215.peak.org (69.59.196.215) at 00:21:5e:4d:61:1a [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-221.peak.org (69.59.196.221) at 00:15:5d:00:b2:0d [ether] on eth1 stackoverflow.com (69.59.196.212) at 00:21:5e:4d:45:c9 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-219.peak.org (69.59.196.219) at 00:21:5e:4d:38:e5 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-209.peak.org (69.59.196.209) at 00:26:88:63:c7:80 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-217.peak.org (69.59.196.217) at 00:21:5e:4d:2c:e8 [ether] on eth1 peak-colo-196-220.peak.org (69.59.196.220) at 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d [ether] PERM on eth1 root@haproxy2:~# arp -i eth1 -s 69.59.196.220 00:21:5e:4d:30:8d root@haproxy2:~# ping 69.59.196.220 PING 69.59.196.220 (69.59.196.220) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 69.59.196.220 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 6006ms Rebooting the windows web server solves this issue temporarily with no other changes to the network but our experience shows this issue will come back. Swapping network cards and switches I noticed the link light on the port of the switch for the failed windows server was running at 100Mb instead of 1Gb on the failed interface. I moved the cable to several other open ports and the link indicated 100Mb for each port that I tried. I also swapped the cable with the same result. I tried changing the properties of the network card in windows and the server locked up and required a hard reset after clicking apply. This windows server has two physical network interfaces so I have swapped the cables and network settings on the two interfaces to see if the problem follows the interface. If the public interface goes down again we will know that it is not an issue with the network card. (We also tried another switch we have on hand, no change) Changing network hardware driver versions We've had the same problem with the latest Broadcom driver, as well as the built-in driver that ships in Windows Server 2008 R2. Replacing network cables As a last ditch effort we remembered another change that occurred was the replacement of all of the patch cords between our servers / switch. We had purchased two sets, one green of lengths 1ft - 3ft for the private interfaces and another set of red cables for the public interfaces. We swapped out all of the public interface patch cables with a different brand and ran our servers without issue for a full week ... aaaaaand then the problem recurred. Disable checksum offload, remove TProxy We also tried disabling TCP/IP checksum offload in the driver, no change. We're now pulling out TProxy and moving to a more traditional x-forwarded-for network arrangement without any fancy IP address rewriting. We'll see if that helps. Switch Virtualization providers On the off chance this was related to Hyper-V in some way (we do host Linux VMs on it), we switched to VMWare Server. No change. Switch host model We've reached the end of our troubleshooting rope and are now formally involving Microsoft support. They recommended changing the host model: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_model http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/2007.09.cableguy.aspx We did that, and.. we'll see.

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  • xinetd 'connection reset by peer'

    - by ceejayoz
    I'm using percona-clustercheck (which comes with Percona's XtraDB Cluster packages) with xinetd and I'm getting an error when trying to curl the clustercheck service. /usr/bin/clustercheck: #!/bin/bash # # Script to make a proxy (ie HAProxy) capable of monitoring Percona XtraDB Cluster nodes properly # # Author: Olaf van Zandwijk <[email protected]> # Documentation and download: https://github.com/olafz/percona-clustercheck # # Based on the original script from Unai Rodriguez # MYSQL_USERNAME="clustercheckuser" MYSQL_PASSWORD="clustercheckpassword!" ERR_FILE="/dev/null" AVAILABLE_WHEN_DONOR=0 # # Perform the query to check the wsrep_local_state # WSREP_STATUS=`mysql --user=${MYSQL_USERNAME} --password=${MYSQL_PASSWORD} -e "SHOW STATUS LIKE 'wsrep_local_state';" 2>${ERR_FILE} | awk '{if (NR!=1){print $2}}' 2>${ERR_FILE}` if [[ "${WSREP_STATUS}" == "4" ]] || [[ "${WSREP_STATUS}" == "2" && ${AVAILABLE_WHEN_DONOR} == 1 ]] then # Percona XtraDB Cluster node local state is 'Synced' => return HTTP 200 /bin/echo -en "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n" /bin/echo -en "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" /bin/echo -en "\r\n" /bin/echo -en "Percona XtraDB Cluster Node is synced.\r\n" /bin/echo -en "\r\n" exit 0 else # Percona XtraDB Cluster node local state is not 'Synced' => return HTTP 503 /bin/echo -en "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n" /bin/echo -en "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n" /bin/echo -en "\r\n" /bin/echo -en "Percona XtraDB Cluster Node is not synced.\r\n" /bin/echo -en "\r\n" exit 1 fi /etc/xinetd.mysqlchk: # default: on # description: mysqlchk service mysqlchk { # this is a config for xinetd, place it in /etc/xinetd.d/ disable = no flags = REUSE socket_type = stream port = 9200 wait = no user = nobody server = /usr/bin/clustercheck log_on_failure += USERID only_from = 10.0.0.0/8 127.0.0.1 # recommended to put the IPs that need # to connect exclusively (security purposes) per_source = UNLIMITED } When attempting to curl the service, I get a valid response (HTTP 200, text) but a 'connection reset by peer' notice at the end: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/plain Percona XtraDB Cluster Node is synced. curl: (56) Recv failure: Connection reset by peer Unfortunately, Amazon ELB appears to see this as a failed check, not a succeeded one. How can I get clustercheck to exit gracefully in a manner that curl doesn't see a connection failure?

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  • Extract Key and Certificate from Kemp Loadmaster?

    - by Matt Simmons
    I'm trying very hard to get away from a set of Kemp Loadmasters that I bought years ago to provide HA access to our website. Part of that process is going to be putting the key and certificate in the new solution (HAproxy with nginx doing SSL). Unfortunately, I've come up against a problem... The Kemp has built-in certificate management, and it generates CSR's at the touch of a button. It also supported importing of signed certificates, however it does not, so far as I can tell, allow any kind of export of the key itself. There is a "backup key and certificates" ability, however here's the text from the manual: LoadMaster supports exporting of ALL certificate information. This includes private key, host and intermediate certificates. The export file is designed to be used for import into another LoadMaster and is encrypted. Export and import can be completed using the WUI at Certificates -> Backup/Restore Certs. Please make sure to note the pass phrase used to create the export, it will be required to complete the import. You can selectively resort only Virtual Service certificates including private keys, intermediate certificates or both. Well, that is great, but as for actually DEALING with the certs, I'm apparently out of luck. Of course, I'm not going to give up that easily. I ran "file" on the saved cert bundle and got this: $ file client1.certs.backup client1.certs.backup: gzip compressed data, from Unix Well, awesome, I thought. Maybe it's just a .tar.gz, so I unzipped it, and that went fine, but my attempts to untar it didn't work, and running "file" on it now just gives this: $ file client1.certs.backup client1.certs.backup: data So that's where I'm stuck. Anyone have experience with these?

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  • How to push changes from Test server to Live server?

    - by anonymous
    As a beginner, I finally noticed the issue with making changes to the live server I've been working on, now that I have a couple users on it, since I bring it down so often. I created an EC2 image of my live server and set up a separate instance on EC2, so now I have 2 EC2 instances, Stage and Production. I set up GitHub and push changes to stage and test my code there, and when it's all done and working, I push it to the production branch, and everything is good. And there is a slight issue here since I name my files config_stage.js and config_production.js and set up .gitignore on each server, and in my code, I would have it read the ENV flags and set up the appropriate configs, is this the correct approach? And my main question is: how do you keep track of non-code changes to the server? For example, I installed HAProxy, Stunnel, Redis, MongoDB and several other things onto the Stage server for testing and now that it's all working and good, how do I deploy them to production? Right now, I'm just keeping track of everything I installed and copying configuration files over, which is very tedious and I'm afraid I may have missed a step somewhere. Is there a better way to port these changes over from my test server to my live server?

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  • Node.js, Nginx and Varnish with WebSockets

    - by Joe S
    I'm in the process of architecting the backend of a new Node.js web app that i'd like to be pretty scalable, but not overkill. In all of my previous Node.js deployments, I have used Nginx to serve static assets such as JS/CSS and reverse proxy to Node (As i've heard Nginx does a much better job of this / express is not really production ready). However, Nginx does not support WebSockets. I am making extensive use of Socket.IO for the first time and discovered many articles detailing this limitation. Most of them suggest using Varnish to direct the WebSockets traffic directly to node, bypassing Nginx. This is my current setup: Varnish : Port 80 - Routing HTTP requests to Nginx and WebSockets directly to node Nginx : Port 8080 - Serving Static Assets like CSS/JS Node.js Express: Port 3000 - Serving the App, over HTTP + WebSockets However, there is now the added complexity that Varnish doesn't support HTTPS, which requires Stunnel or some other solution, it's also not load balanced yet (Perhaps i will use HAProxy or something). The complexity is stacking up! I would like to keep things simpler than this if possible. Is it still necessary to reverse proxy Node.js using Nginx when Varnish is also present? As even if express is slow at serving static files, they should theoretically be cached by Varnish. Or are there better ways to implement this?

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  • Is there any way to detect when nginx has completed a graceful shutdown?

    - by Daniel Vandersluis
    I have a ruby on rails application which is running on passenger and nginx, with one main webserver and multiple application servers. I am trying to update my deployment process in order to minimize (or ideally, remove) any downtime caused by the deployment. The main roadblock right now is that passenger takes some time to restart (ie. reload the application), so in order to get around this, I want to stagger my restarts so that only one app server gets restart at a time. In order to do this without losing any long running passenger processes, I am thinking I need to gracefully shutdown the app server's nginx instance, which will cause it to no longer accept new connections but continue to process the existing ones; as well, HAProxy will detect that the app server is down and route new requests to the other server. However, assuming that there is a long-running process, I am not sure how to detect when the graceful shutdown has completed so that I can start it back up. Since the shutdown is caused by sending a signal (ie. kill -QUIT $( cat /var/run/nginx.pid )), and the kill command will return immediately, I cannot combine commands (ie. kill ... && touch restarted), as the touch command will execute immediately, even if nginx hasn't completed its shutdown. Is there any good way to do this?

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  • nginx reverse ssl proxy with multiple subdomains

    - by BrianM
    I'm trying to locate a high level configuration example for my current situation. We have a wildcard SSL certificate for multiple subdomains which are on several internal IIS servers. site1.example.com (X.X.X.194) -> IISServer01:8081 site2.example.com (X.X.X.194) -> IISServer01:8082 site3.example.com (X.X.X.194) -> IISServer02:8083 I am looking to handle the incoming SSL traffic through one server entry and then pass on the specific domain to the internal IIS application. It seems I have 2 options: Code a location section for each subdomain (seems messy from the examples I have found) Forward the unencrypted traffic back to the same nginx server configured with different server entries for each subdomain hostname. (At least this appears to be an option). My ultimate goal is to consolidate much of our SSL traffic to go through nginx so we can use HAProxy to load balance servers. Will approach #2 work within nginx if I properly setup the proxy_set_header entries? I envision something along the lines of this within my final config file (using approach #2): server { listen Y.Y.Y.174:443; #Internally routed IP address server_name *.example.com; proxy_pass http://Y.Y.Y.174:8081; } server { listen Y.Y.Y.174:8081; server_name site1.example.com; -- NORMAL CONFIG ENTRIES -- proxy_pass http://IISServer01:8081; } server { listen Y.Y.Y.174:8081; server_name site2.example.com; -- NORMAL CONFIG ENTRIES -- proxy_pass http://IISServer01:8082; } server { listen Y.Y.Y.174:8081; server_name site3.example.com; -- NORMAL CONFIG ENTRIES -- proxy_pass http://IISServer02:8083; } This seems like a way, but I'm not sure if it's the best way. Am I missing a simpler approach to this?

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  • Designing a software based load balancer

    - by Kishore pandey
    Hello to all Server fault users, I am new to this website but have constantly been using the mother website, stackover flow. Well to begin with, i would like to design a load balancer for the organization i am working for. As i am very new to this whole, idea about load balancing and networks. I am finding it very difficult to start my project. I did a lot of research on already existing load balancer and found some(HAPROXY,NGINX) that could solve my problems, but the point is, I am still in a dilemma if they could answer the following requirements of mine: The client and server in my architecture are distributed. The load balancer should take care of the firewall. LB server should balance the load among all servers present in WWW cloud. The LB server should have some sort of configuration file, with the help of which it is possible to configure the servers. Heart beat: With the help of which it would be possible to check if any server is down, if any server is down the request should be passed to some other server. Various load balancing algorithms of the incoming requests. Easy error handling. It should be fairly possible to prioritize the incoming requests. Is there any already available load balncer solution on the market that could satisfy these requirements? If not is there any base code available with the help of which i could develop my own load balncer. If not where should i start from scratch? I am practically new to everything. Any help from a load balancer expert is very much appreciated. Thanx a ton in advance. Cheers and regards. Kishore

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  • White Screen, No Errors.

    - by GruffTech
    So.. Interesting problem for you guys, As I'm completely lost as to what to do, or where to take the next step. Server & Application Environment. CentOS release 5.3 (Final) Apache 2.2.3-22 EnableSendfile off EnableMMAP off ErrorLog logs/error_log LogLevel debug PHP-5.2.6-2 error_reporting = E_ALL display_errors = on log_errors = on max_execution_time=300 max_input_time=60 memory_limit=512mb Kohana 2.3 PHP Environment. HAProxy 1.3.15.6-2 MemCacheD 1.2.6-1 Our application is split between 3 web servers, mounting a NFS Storage server, and sticky load balancing between the 3 web servers. The application seemingly runs great, but every so often, instead of loading, the application just shows a pure white page. Not a 404 Error, or a 500 Server Error, a clean white page. And it returns instantly, so its not a execution time error. Nothing in the Error log, or Server-Error Log, Proxy log shows standard proxied connection, Just the standard 200-Status in Access log, with 256 bytes transferred. To me, this leads to tell me that the application itself is having a problem. A rare, unexplainable, seemingly random, problem that causes what we've now called the "White Screen of Death." Our developers all say that since there is nothing going to our error logs, that it must be a server problem. But I say the same thing, There's nothing going to ANY of our logs (relevent to this anyway), and we're not having httpd children crash from what i can tell. Any ideas on how i can increase my logs, or somehow prove that its not a bug in PHP, Apache, CentOS, ect? Or if it is somehow a bug, identify it?

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