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  • Memory issues - Living vs. overall -> app is killed

    - by D33
    I'm trying to check my applications memory issues in Instruments. When I load the application I play some sounds and show some animations in UIImageViews. To save some memory I load the sounds only when I need it and when I stop playing it I free it from the memory. problem 1: My application is using about 5.5MB of Living memory. BUT The Overall section is growing after start to 20MB and then it's slowly growing (about 100kB/sec). But responsible Library is OpenAL (OAL::Buffer), dyld (_dyld_start)-I am not sure what this really is, and some other stuff like ft_mem_qrealloc, CGFontStrikeSetValue, … problem 2: When the overall section breaks about 30MB, application crashes (is killed). According to the facts I already read about overall memory, it means then my all allocations and deallocation is about 30MB. But I don't really see the problem. When I need some sound for example I load it to the memory and when I don't need it anymore I release it. But that means when I load 1MB sound, this operation increase overall memory usage with 2MB. Am I right? And when I load 10 sounds my app crashes just because the fact my overall is too high even living is still low??? I am very confused about it. Could someone please help me clear it up? (I am on iOS 5 and using ARC) SOME CODE: creating the sound OpenAL: MYOpenALSound *sound = [[MyOpenALSound alloc] initWithSoundFile:filename willRepeat:NO]; if(!sound) return; [soundDictionary addObject:sound]; playing: [sound play]; dispatch_after(dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, ((sound.duration * sound.pitch) + 0.1) * NSEC_PER_SEC), dispatch_get_current_queue(), ^{ [soundDictionary removeObjectForKey:[NSNumber numberWithInt:soundID]]; }); } creating the sound with AVAudioPlayer: [musics replaceObjectAtIndex:ID_MUSIC_MAP withObject:[[Music alloc] initWithFilename:@"mapMusic.mp3" andWillRepeat:YES]]; pom = [musics objectAtIndex:musicID]; [pom playMusic]; and stop and free it: [musics replaceObjectAtIndex:ID_MUSIC_MAP withObject:[NSNull null]]; AND IMAGE ANIMATIONS: I load images from big PNG file (this is realated also to my other topic : Memory warning - UIImageView and its animations) I have few UIImageViews and by time I'm setting animation arrays to play Animations... UIImage *source = [[UIImage alloc] initWithCGImage:[[UIImage imageNamed:@"imageSource.png"] CGImage]]; cutRect = CGRectMake(0*dimForImg.width,1*dimForImg.height,dimForImg.width,dimForImg.height); image1 = [[UIImage alloc] initWithCGImage:CGImageCreateWithImageInRect([source CGImage], cutRect)]; cutRect = CGRectMake(1*dimForImg.width,1*dimForImg.height,dimForImg.width,dimForImg.height); ... image12 = [[UIImage alloc] initWithCGImage:CGImageCreateWithImageInRect([source CGImage], cutRect)]; NSArray *images = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:image1, image2, image3, image4, image5, image6, image7, image8, image9, image10, image11, image12, image12, image12, nil]; and this array I just use simply like : myUIImageView.animationImages = images, ... duration -> startAnimating

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  • SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #038

    - by Pinal Dave
    Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 CASE Statement in ORDER BY Clause – ORDER BY using Variable This article is as per request from the Application Development Team Leader of my company. His team encountered code where the application was preparing string for ORDER BY clause of the SELECT statement. Application was passing this string as variable to Stored Procedure (SP) and SP was using EXEC to execute the SQL string. This is not good for performance as Stored Procedure has to recompile every time due to EXEC. sp_executesql can do the same task but still not the best performance. SSMS – View/Send Query Results to Text/Grid/Files Results to Text – CTRL + T Results to Grid – CTRL + D Results to File – CTRL + SHIFT + F 2008 Introduction to SPARSE Columns Part 2 I wrote about Introduction to SPARSE Columns Part 1. Let us understand the concept of the SPARSE column in more detail. I suggest you read the first part before continuing reading this article. All SPARSE columns are stored as one XML column in the database. Let us see some of the advantage and disadvantage of SPARSE column. Deferred Name Resolution How come when table name is incorrect SP can be created successfully but when an incorrect column is used SP cannot be created? 2009 Backup Timeline and Understanding of Database Restore Process in Full Recovery Model In general, databases backup in full recovery mode is taken in three different kinds of database files. Full Database Backup Differential Database Backup Log Backup Restore Sequence and Understanding NORECOVERY and RECOVERY While doing RESTORE Operation if you restoring database files, always use NORECOVER option as that will keep the database in a state where more backup file are restored. This will also keep database offline also to prevent any changes, which can create itegrity issues. Once all backup file is restored run RESTORE command with a RECOVERY option to get database online and operational. Four Different Ways to Find Recovery Model for Database Perhaps, the best thing about technical domain is that most of the things can be executed in more than one ways. It is always useful to know about the various methods of performing a single task. Two Methods to Retrieve List of Primary Keys and Foreign Keys of Database When Information Schema is used, we will not be able to discern between primary key and foreign key; we will have both the keys together. In the case of sys schema, we can query the data in our preferred way and can join this table to another table, which can retrieve additional data from the same. Get Last Running Query Based on SPID PID is returns sessions ID of the current user process. The acronym SPID comes from the name of its earlier version, Server Process ID. 2010 SELECT * FROM dual – Dual Equivalent Dual is a table that is created by Oracle together with data dictionary. It consists of exactly one column named “dummy”, and one record. The value of that record is X. You can check the content of the DUAL table using the following syntax. SELECT * FROM dual Identifying Statistics Used by Query Someone asked this question in my training class of query optimization and performance tuning.  “Can I know which statistics were used by my query?” 2011 SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 14 of 31 What are the basic functions for master, msdb, model, tempdb and resource databases? What is the Maximum Number of Index per Table? Explain Few of the New Features of SQL Server 2008 Management Studio Explain IntelliSense for Query Editing Explain MultiServer Query Explain Query Editor Regions Explain Object Explorer Enhancements Explain Activity Monitors SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 15 of 31 What is Service Broker? Where are SQL server Usernames and Passwords Stored in the SQL server? What is Policy Management? What is Database Mirroring? What are Sparse Columns? What does TOP Operator Do? What is CTE? What is MERGE Statement? What is Filtered Index? Which are the New Data Types Introduced in SQL SERVER 2008? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 16 of 31 What are the Advantages of Using CTE? How can we Rewrite Sub-Queries into Simple Select Statements or with Joins? What is CLR? What are Synonyms? What is LINQ? What are Isolation Levels? What is Use of EXCEPT Clause? What is XPath? What is NOLOCK? What is the Difference between Update Lock and Exclusive Lock? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 17 of 31 How will you Handle Error in SQL SERVER 2008? What is RAISEERROR? What is RAISEERROR? How to Rebuild the Master Database? What is the XML Datatype? What is Data Compression? What is Use of DBCC Commands? How to Copy the Tables, Schema and Views from one SQL Server to Another? How to Find Tables without Indexes? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 18 of 31 How to Copy Data from One Table to Another Table? What is Catalog Views? What is PIVOT and UNPIVOT? What is a Filestream? What is SQLCMD? What do you mean by TABLESAMPLE? What is ROW_NUMBER()? What are Ranking Functions? What is Change Data Capture (CDC) in SQL Server 2008? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 19 of 31 How can I Track the Changes or Identify the Latest Insert-Update-Delete from a Table? What is the CPU Pressure? How can I Get Data from a Database on Another Server? What is the Bookmark Lookup and RID Lookup? What is Difference between ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE and WITH NO_WAIT during ALTER DATABASE? What is Difference between GETDATE and SYSDATETIME in SQL Server 2008? How can I Check that whether Automatic Statistic Update is Enabled or not? How to Find Index Size for Each Index on Table? What is the Difference between Seek Predicate and Predicate? What are Basics of Policy Management? What are the Advantages of Policy Management? SQL SERVER – Interview Questions and Answers – Frequently Asked Questions – Day 20 of 31 What are Policy Management Terms? What is the ‘FILLFACTOR’? Where in MS SQL Server is ’100’ equal to ‘0’? What are Points to Remember while Using the FILLFACTOR Argument? What is a ROLLUP Clause? What are Various Limitations of the Views? What is a Covered index? When I Delete any Data from a Table, does the SQL Server reduce the size of that table? What are Wait Types? How to Stop Log File Growing too Big? If any Stored Procedure is Encrypted, then can we see its definition in Activity Monitor? 2012 Example of Width Sensitive and Width Insensitive Collation Width Sensitive Collation: A single-byte character (half-width) represented as single-byte and the same character represented as a double-byte character (full-width) are when compared are not equal the collation is width sensitive. In this example we have one table with two columns. One column has a collation of width sensitive and the second column has a collation of width insensitive. Find Column Used in Stored Procedure – Search Stored Procedure for Column Name Very interesting conversation about how to find column used in a stored procedure. There are two different characters in the story and both are having a conversation about how to find column in the stored procedure. Here are two part story Part 1 | Part 2 SQL SERVER – 2012 Functions – FORMAT() and CONCAT() – An Interesting Usage Generate Script for Schema and Data – SQL in Sixty Seconds #021 – Video In simple words, in many cases the database move from one place to another place. It is not always possible to back up and restore databases. There are possibilities when only part of the database (with schema and data) has to be moved. In this video we learn that we can easily generate script for schema for data and move from one server to another one. INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS and Value Character Maximum Length -1 I often see the value -1 in the CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH column of INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS table. I understand that the length of any column can be between 0 to large number but I do not get it when I see value in negative (i.e. -1). Any insight on this subject? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Instant database snapshot

    - by raj
    My product uses oracle 9 database in its backend. every week the new release of the product is launched which will want to fire some DML, DDL queries to the database. I usually test the product release in a dummy database before applying it in the main database. I create a database dump using exp command, then import them into dummy database using imp. then i test the product in the dummy database and checks if there are any errors. This exp and imp takes about 3 hours to complete. Is there any alternative as : instant snapshot of the live database (which will be independent of the live one)? or is there any option to keep dummydatabase in sync with the originl database always. Yhis can be done by making the product firing DML&DDL queries to both the databases.. but this will be a HUGE performance problem.. how can i overcome this?

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  • Very high memory usage, but not claimed by any process?

    - by SharkWipf
    While stress-testing LVM on one of our Debian servers, I came across this issue where memory would fill up a lot to the point where it would run the server out of memory, but no process would claim the memory. See http://i.imgur.com/cLn5ZHS.png, and see http://serverfault.com/a/449102/125894 for an explanation on the colors used in htop. Why is this happening? And is there any way to see what process is using the memory? Htop is configured not to hide any processes, so what is it that htop is missing? In this particular case, I can fairly certainly say that it is caused, directly or indirectly, by lvmcreate, lvmremove or dmsetup, as I was stress-testing that. Do note that this question is not about solving the LVM problem, but about why the memory isn't claimed by any process. Stopping all LVM commands does bring the memory back down to <600MB.

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  • Cached memory refers to both cached memory (that is currently usable) and used memory (that was previous cached)?

    - by Pacerier
    Hi all I was trying to confirm my understanding of "standby list" and "modified list" as stated in this article. Is it true that "Cached memory" (as shown in the image below) refers to memory that is currently cached (available for use), and memory that was previous cached (previously available for use), but currently used (now not available for use) ? So if x = "Cached memory" (1184), y = "modified cache pages", z = "cached and were modified", x = y + z holds true ?

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  • Mac OS X: What is using my 'active' memory?

    - by badkitteh
    Hello fellas, I'm using a recent MacBook Pro with 8 GB of RAM and after a few hours of using it at work I notice the amount of 'active' memory growing and growing. Whenever I reboot my Mac, everything looks fine and it is hardly using any RAM. But after a few hours it looks like this: As you can see, in this case it's about 4.3 GB. Being a developer, I know that 'active memory' is the amount of memory that is currently used by running processes. So the first thing I did was quitting all applications and killing all processes that don't seem to belong to Mac OS X. After I did that, my active memory came down about 400 MB, but got stuck at what you see in the screenshot. There are no more processes or applications to quit. Now I'm wondering what is actually holding on to the memory? top and Activity Monitor don't report any processes with a high memory usage. Any ideas? Thanks!

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  • Windows 7 100% Memory Usage (without any process listed as using that much memory)

    - by Paul Tarjan
    When I plug my external USB 2TB hard drive into my windows 7 box, my RAM usage climbs up to all 4 Gigs (but in task manager it shows that all process are small) and the hard drive is churning like crazy. My CPU is only about 20% utilized All I can think of is there is a Virus scanner or an indexer running like crazy. I've tried to kill all virus scanners (AVG and Windows Security Essentials) and it still keeps going. My computer is completely unusable as everything is constantly swapping. I've tried leaving it on for 2 days now and it still hasn't finished whatever it was doing. Any ideas?

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  • Webcast - Oracle Database In-Memory Option

    - by Thanos Terentes Printzios
    Next to the recent announcement by Larry Ellison on the Future of the Database, we are happy to share this exclusive series of live webcasts from Oracle Database Product Management, where you can learn more about the brand new Oracle Database 12c In-Memory option. Oracle Database In-Memory is Oracle’s new memory-optimized technology that transparently accelerates analytic, data warehousing, and reporting workloads, while also accelerating transaction processing (OLTP) workloads. Participants will learn about Oracle Database In-Memory benefits, features, and leading edge architecture.  The Database In-Memory architecture provides the ability to easily process data orders of magnitude faster by simply enabling the feature and identifying tables to bring in-memory without application changes. Details on Oracle Database In-Memory’s ease of use and management, scalability, and availability will also be covered. Please join us to learn more about Oracle Database In-Memory and get first-hand knowledge of this important new feature. Delivery Format This FREE online LIVE eSeminar will be delivered over the Web.These Oracle webcasts are FREE for Customers, System Integrators, ISVs, VARs and Platform Partners. Presenter: Richard Jacobs, Oracle Solution Architect  Europe Webcast 1 Date: August 29, 2014 @ 10:00 am to 11:00 am Central European Summer Time (CEST)Register Here! Europe Webcast 2 Date: September 29, 2014 @ 10:00 am to 11:00 am Central European Summer Time (CEST)Register Here!

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  • Reserved Memory Addresses?

    - by Nate
    Is there a list of reserved memory addresses out there - a list of addresses that the memory of a user-space program could never be allocated to? I realize this is most likely per-OS or per-architecture, but I was hoping someone might know some of the more common OSes and Arches. I could only dig one up for a few versions of windows: for windows NT,2k and XP that would be: 0x00000000 - 0x0000ffff - lowest page is protected to simplify debugging 0x00001000 - 0x7ffeffff - memory area for your application 0x7fff0000 - 0x7fffffff - protected area to keep memory-functions from damaging the following part 0x80000000 - 0xffffffff - memory where the system including drivers and so on is located Anyone know about for Linux, or BSD (or anything else, for that matter)?

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  • SQL SERVER – guest User and MSDB Database – Enable guest User on MSDB Database

    - by pinaldave
    I have written a few articles recently on the subject of guest account. Here’s a quick list of these articles: SQL SERVER – Disable Guest Account – Serious Security Issue SQL SERVER – Force Removing User from Database – Fix: Error: Could not drop login ‘test’ as the user is currently logged in. SQL SERVER – Detecting guest User Permissions – guest User Access Status One of the advices which I gave in all the three blog posts was: Disable the guest user in the user-created database. Additionally, I have mentioned that one should let the user account become enabled in MSDB database. I got many questions asking if there is any specific reason why this should be kept enabled, questions like, “What is the reason that MSDB database needs guest user?” Honestly, I did not know that the concept of the guest user will create so much interest in the readers. So now let’s turn this blog post into questions and answers format. Q: What will happen if the guest user is disabled in MSDB database? A:  Lots of bad things will happen. Error 916 - Logins can connect to this instance of SQL Server but they do not have specific permissions in a database to receive the permissions of the guest user. Q: How can I determine if the guest user is enabled or disabled for any specific database? A: There are many ways to do this. Make sure that you run each of these methods with the context of the database. For an example for msdb database, you can run the following code: USE msdb; SELECT name, permission_name, state_desc FROM sys.database_principals dp INNER JOIN sys.server_permissions sp ON dp.principal_id = sp.grantee_principal_id WHERE name = 'guest' AND permission_name = 'CONNECT' There are many other methods to detect the guest user status. Read them here: Detecting guest User Permissions – guest User Access Status Q: What is the default status of the guest user account in database? A: Enabled in master, TempDb, and MSDB. Disabled in model database. Q: Why is the default status of the guest user disabled in model database? A: It is not recommended to enable the guest in user database as it can introduce serious security threat. It can seriously damage the database if configured incorrectly. Read more here: Disable Guest Account – Serious Security Issue Q: How to disable guest user? A: REVOKE CONNECT FROM guest Q: How to enable guest user? A: GRANT CONNECT TO guest Did I miss any critical question in the list? Please leave your question as a comment and I will add it to this list. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Security, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • How can i get more low memory with the following setup:

    - by user539484
    Modules using memory below 1 MB: Name Total = Conventional + Upper Memory -------- ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- MSDOS 14 317 (14K) 14 317 (14K) 0 (0K) HIMEM 1 120 (1K) 1 120 (1K) 0 (0K) EMM386 3 120 (3K) 3 120 (3K) 0 (0K) OAKCDROM 36 064 (35K) 36 064 (35K) 0 (0K) POWER 80 (0K) 80 (0K) 0 (0K) NLSFUNC 2 784 (3K) 2 784 (3K) 0 (0K) COMMAND 2 928 (3K) 2 928 (3K) 0 (0K) MSCDEX 15 712 (15K) 15 712 (15K) 0 (0K) SMARTDRV 30 384 (30K) 13 984 (14K) 16 400 (16K) KEYB 6 752 (7K) 6 752 (7K) 0 (0K) MOUSE 17 296 (17K) 17 296 (17K) 0 (0K) DISPLAY 8 336 (8K) 0 (0K) 8 336 (8K) SETVER 512 (1K) 0 (0K) 512 (1K) DOSKEY 4 144 (4K) 0 (0K) 4 144 (4K) POWER 4 672 (5K) 0 (0K) 4 672 (5K) Free 552 944 (540K) 539 088 (526K) 13 856 (14K) Memory Summary: Type of Memory Total = Used + Free ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Conventional 653 312 114 224 539 088 Upper 47 920 34 064 13 856 Reserved 0 0 0 Extended (XMS)* 64 898 256 2 671 824 62 226 432 ---------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Total memory 65 599 488 2 820 112 62 779 376 Total under 1 MB 701 232 148 288 552 944 Total Expanded (EMS) 33 947 648 (33 152K Free Expanded (EMS)* 33 538 048 (32 752K * EMM386 is using XMS memory to simulate EMS memory as needed. Free EMS memory may change as free XMS memory changes. Largest executable program size 538 976 (526K) Largest free upper memory block 7 488 (7K) MS-DOS is resident in the high memory area. I'm running MS-DOS 6.22 on VMWare virtual hardware. This is memory state after memmaker pass, so i'm looking for optimization beyond memmaker. Note: NLS drivers (DISPLAY, KEYB, NSLFUNC) are essential for me. Thanks to @mtone for valuable reminder about MSCDEX /E which gave me 16KiB of low memory (see the diff)!

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  • The Debut of Oracle Database Firewall at RSA 2011

    - by Troy Kitch
    We're very proud of the coverage and headlines Oracle Database Firewall made this past week during RSA Conference 2011 in San Francisco. In case you missed our previous post, we announced the availability of this latest addition to the Oracle Defense-in-Depth database security solutions. The announcement was picked up many publications including eWeek, CRN, InformationWeek and more. Here is just some of the press on this very important security solution: "It's rare to find a new product category these days, but I think a new product from Oracle fills the bill. In the crowded enterprise security field, that's saying something." Enterprise System Journal: A New Approach to Database Security By James E. Powell "Databases and the content they store are among the most valuable IT assets - and the most targeted by hackers. In an effort to help secure databases, Oracle today is launching the new Oracle Database Firewall as an approach to defend databases against SQL injection and other database attacks." Database Journal: Oracle Debuts Database Firewall (also appeared in InternetNews.com) By Sean Michael Kerner "Oracle Database Firewall understands SQL-statement formats, and can be configured to blacklist and whitelist traffic based on source. When it detects suspicious statements within SQL traffic -- ones that might indicate SQL injection attacks, for example -- it can replace them with neutral statements that will keep the session running without allowing potentially harmful traffic through." Network World: Oracle Database Firewall defuses SQL injection attacks By Tim Green "The firewall uses "SQL grammar analysis" to prevent SQL injection attacks and other attempts to grab information. The Oracle Database Firewall features white and black lists policies, exceptions and rules that mark the time of day, IP address, application and user." ZDNet: RSA Roundup: Oracle Database Firewall By Larry Dignan "The database giant announced Oracle Database Firewall on Feb. 14 at the RSA Conference in San Francisco. The firewall application establishes a "defensive perimeter" around databases by monitoring and enforcing normal application behavior in real-time, the company said." eWEEK: Oracle Database Firewall Delivers Vendor-Agnostic Security By Fahmida Y. Rashid

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  • SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #031

    - by Pinal Dave
    Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 Find Table without Clustered Index – Find Table with no Primary Key Clustered index is very important concept for any table. They impact the performance very heavily. Here is a quick script to find tables without a clustered index. Replace TEXT with VARCHAR(MAX) – Stop using TEXT, NTEXT, IMAGE Data Types Question: “Is VARCHAR (MAX) big enough to store the TEXT field?” Answer: “Yes, VARCHAR(MAX) is big enough to accommodate TEXT field. TEXT, NTEXT and IMAGE data types of SQL Server 2000 will be deprecated in a future version of SQL Server, SQL Server 2005 provides backward compatibility to data types but it is recommended to use new data types which are VARHCAR (MAX), NVARCHAR (MAX) and VARBINARY (MAX).” Limiting Result Sets by Using TABLESAMPLE – Examples Introduced in SQL Server 2005, TABLESAMPLE allows you to extract a sampling of rows from a table in the FROM clause. The rows retrieved are random and they are are not in any order. This sampling can be based on a percentage of number of rows. You can use TABLESAMPLE when only a sampling of rows is necessary for the application instead of a full result set. User Defined Functions (UDF) Limitations UDF have its own advantage and usage but in this article we will see the limitation of UDF. Things UDF can not do and why Stored Procedure are considered as more flexible then UDFs. Stored Procedure are more flexibility then User Defined Functions(UDF). However, this blog post is a good read to know what are the limitations of UDF. Change Database Compatible Level – Backward Compatibility For a long time SQL Server stayed on the compatibility level of 80 which is of SQL Server 2000. However, as soon as SQL Server 2005 introduced the issue of compatibility was quite a major issue. Since that time MS has been releasing the versions at every 2-3 years, changing compatibility is a ever popular topic. In this blog post, we learn how we can do the same using T-SQL. We can also do the same using SSMS and here is the blog post for the same: Change Database Compatible Level – Backward Compatibility – Part 2 – Management Studio. Constraint on VARCHAR(MAX) Field To Limit It Certain Length How can I limit the VARCHAR(MAX) field with maximum length of 12500 characters only. His Question was valid as our application was allowed 12500 characters. First of all – this requirement is bit strange but if someone wants to do the same, they can do it as described in this blog post. 2008 UNPIVOT Table Example Understanding UNPIVOT can be very complicated at times. In this blog post, I have attempted to explain the same concept in very simple words. Create Default Constraint Over Table Column A simple straight to script blog post – I still use this blog quite many times for my own reference. UDF – Get the Day of the Week Function It took me 4 iteration to find this very simple function which can immediately get the day of the week in a single line. 2009 Find Hostname and Current Logged In User Name There are two tricks listed in this blog post where users can find out the hostname and current logged user name immediately and very easily. Interesting Observation of Logon Trigger On All Servers When I was doing a project, I made an interesting observation of executing a logon trigger multiple times. It was absolutely unexpected for me! As I was logging only once, naturally, I was expecting the entry only once. However, it did it multiple times on different threads – indeed an eccentric phenomenon at first sight! Difference Between Candidate Keys and Primary Key One needs to be very careful in selecting the Primary Key as an incorrect selection can adversely impact the database architect and future normalization. For a Candidate Key to qualify as a Primary Key, it should be Non-NULL and unique in any domain. I have observed quite often that Primary Keys are seldom changed. I would like to have your feedback on not changing a Primary Key. Create Multiple Filegroup For Single Database Why should one create multiple file group for any database and what are the advantages of the same. In this blog post, I explain the same in detail. List All Objects Created on All Filegroups in Database In this blog post we discuss the essential question – “How can I find which object belongs to which filegroup. Is there any way to know this?” 2010 DATE and TIME in SQL Server 2008 When DATE is converted to DATETIME it adds the of midnight. When TIME is converted to DATETIME it adds the date of 1900 and it is something one wants to consider if you are going to run scripts from SQL Server 2008 to earlier version with CONVERT. Disabled Index and Update Statistics If you do not need a nonclustered index, I suggest you to drop it as keeping them disabled is an overhead on your system. This is because every time the statistics are updated for system all the statistics for disabled indexes are also updated. Precision of SMALLDATETIME – A 1 Minute Precision The precision of the datatype SMALLDATETIME is 1 minute. It discards the seconds by rounding up or rounding down any seconds greater than zero. 2011 Getting Columns Headers without Result Data – SET FMTONLY ON SET FMTONLY ON returns only metadata to the client. It can be used to test the format of the response without actually running the query. When this setting is ON the resultset only have headers of the results but no data. Copy Database from Instance to Another Instance – Copy Paste in SQL Server SQL Server has a feature which copy database from one database to another database and it can be automated as well using SSIS. Make sure you have SQL Server Agent Turned on as this feature will create a job. Puzzle – SELECT * vs SELECT COUNT(*) If you have ever wondered SELECT * gives error when executed alone but SELECT COUNT(*) does not. Why? in that case, you should read this blog post. Creating All New Database with Full Recovery Model This blog post is very based on very interesting story where the user wants to do something by default for every single new database created. Model database is a secret weapon which should be used very carefully and with proper evalution. If used carefully this can be a very much beneficiary when we need a newly created database behave in certain fashion. 2012 In year 2012 I had two interesting series ran on the blog. If there is no fun in learning, the learning becomes a burden. For the same reason, I had decided to build a three part quiz around SEQUENCE. The quiz was to identify the next value of the sequence. I encourage all of you to take part in this fun quiz. Guess the Next Value – Puzzle 1 Guess the Next Value – Puzzle 2 Guess the Next Value – Puzzle 3 Can anyone remember their final day of schooling?  This is probably a silly question because – of course you can!  Many people mark this as the most exciting, happiest day of their life.  It marks the end of testing, the end of following rules set by teachers, and the beginning of finally being able to earn money and work in your chosen field. Read five part series on developer training subject Developer Training - Importance and Significance - Part 1 Developer Training – Employee Morals and Ethics – Part 2 Developer Training – Difficult Questions and Alternative Perspective - Part 3 Developer Training – Various Options for Developer Training – Part 4 Developer Training – A Conclusive Summary- Part 5 Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Questions and considerations to ask client for designing a database

    - by Julia
    Hi guys! so as title says, I would like to hear your advices what are the most important questions to consider and ask end-users before designing database for their application. We are to make database-oriented app, with special attenion to pay on db security (access control, encryption, integrity, backups)... Database will also keep some personal information about people, which is considered sensitive by law regulations, so security must be good. I worked on school projects with databases, but this is first time working "in real world", where this db security has real implications. So I found some advices and questions to ask on internet, but here I always get best ones. All help appreciated! Thank you!

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  • SQL Server 2012 Memory Manager KB articles

    - by SQLOS Team
    Since the release of SQL Server 2012 with a redesigned memory manager, a steady stream of KB articles have been produced by CSS to provide guidance on the new or changed options, as well as fixes that have been published..   How has memory sizing changed in SQL 2012? 2663912 Memory configuration and sizing considerations in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2663912     Setting "locked pages" to avoid SQL Server memory pages getting swapped has been simplified, particularly for Standard Edition, the details can be found here: 2659143 How to enable the "locked pages" feature in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2659143   Note the following deprecation (particularly relevant for 32-bit installations): 2644592 The "AWE enabled" SQL Server feature is deprecated - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2644592   Note the following fixes available: 2708594 FIX: Locked page allocations are enabled without any warning after you upgrade to SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2708594/EN-US 2688697 FIX: Out-of-memory error when you run an instance of SQL Server 2012 on a computer that uses NUMA - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2688697/EN-US Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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  • Oracle Database 12c Spatial: Vector Performance Acceleration

    - by Okcan Yasin Saygili-Oracle
    Most business information has a location component, such as customer addresses, sales territories and physical assets. Businesses can take advantage of their geographic information by incorporating location analysis and intelligence into their information systems. This allows organizations to make better decisions, respond to customers more effectively, and reduce operational costs – increasing ROI and creating competitive advantage. Oracle Database, the industry’s most advanced database,  includes native location capabilities, fully integrated in the kernel, for fast, scalable, reliable and secure spatial and massive graph applications. It is a foundation for deploying enterprise-wide spatial information systems and locationenabled business applications. Developers can extend existing Oracle-based tools and applications, since they can easily incorporate location information directly in their applications, workflows, and services. Spatial Features The geospatial data features of Oracle Spatial and Graph option support complex geographic information systems (GIS) applications, enterprise applications and location services applications. Oracle Spatial and Graph option extends the spatial query and analysis features included in every edition of Oracle Database with the Oracle Locator feature, and provides a robust foundation for applications that require advanced spatial analysis and processing in the Oracle Database. It supports all major spatial data types and models, addressing challenging business-critical requirements from various industries, including transportation, utilities, energy, public sector, defense and commercial location intelligence. Network Data Model Graph Features The Network Data Model graph explicitly stores and maintains a persistent data model withnetwork connectivity and provides network analysis capability such as shortest path, nearest neighbors, within cost and reachability. It loads partitioned networks into memory on demand, overcomingthe limitations of in-memory analysis. Partitioning massive networks into manageable sub-networkssimplifies the network analysis. RDF Semantic Graph Features RDF Semantic Graph has native support for World Wide Web Consortium standards. It has open, scalable, and secure features for storing RDF/OWL ontologies anddata; native inference with OWL 2, SKOS and user-defined rules; and querying RDF/OWL data withSPARQL 1.1, Java APIs, and SPARQLgraph patterns in SQL. Video: Oracle Spatial and Graph Overview Oracle spatial is embeded on oracle database product. So ,we can use oracle installer (OUI).The Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) is used to install Oracle Database software. OUI is a graphical user interface utility that enables you to view the Oracle software that is installed on your machine, install new Oracle Database software, and delete Oracle software that you no longer need to use. Online Help is available to guide you through the installation process. One of the installation options is to create a database. If you select database creation, OUI automatically starts Oracle Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to guide you through the process of creating and configuring a database. If you do not create a database during installation, you must invoke DBCA after you have installed the software to create a database. You can also use DBCA to create additional databases. For installing Oracle Database 12c you may check the Installing Oracle Database Software and Creating a Database tutorial under the Oracle Database 12c 2-Day DBA Series.You can always check if spatial is available in your database using  "select comp_id, version, status, comp_name from dba_registry where comp_id='SDO';"   One of the most notable improvements with Oracle Spatial and Graph 12c can be seen in performance increases in vector data operations. Enabling the Spatial Vector Acceleration feature (available with the Spatial option) dramatically improves the performance of commonly used vector data operations, such as sdo_distance, sdo_aggr_union, and sdo_inside. With 12c, these operations also run more efficiently in parallel than in prior versions through the use of metadata caching. For organizations that have been facing processing limitations, these enhancements enable developers to make a small set of configuration changes and quickly realize significant performance improvements. Results include improved index performance, enhanced geometry engine performance, optimized secondary filter optimizations for Spatial operators, and improved CPU and memory utilization for many advanced vector functions. Vector performance acceleration is especially beneficial when using Oracle Exadata Database Machine and other large-scale systems. Oracle Spatial and Graph vector performance acceleration builds on general improvements available to all SDO_GEOMETRY operations in these areas: Caching of index metadata, Concurrent update mechanisms, and Optimized spatial predicate selectivity and cost functions. These optimizations enable more efficient use of: CPU, Memory, and Partitioning Resulting in substantial query performance improvements.UsageTo accelerate the performance of spatial operators, it is recommended that you set the SPATIAL_VECTOR_ACCELERATION database system parameter to the value TRUE. (This parameter is authorized for use only by licensed Oracle Spatial users, and its default value is FALSE.) You can set this parameter for the whole system or for a single session. To set the value for the whole system, do either of the following:Enter the following statement from a suitably privileged account:   ALTER SYSTEM SET SPATIAL_VECTOR_ACCELERATION = TRUE;Add the following to the database initialization file (xxxinit.ora):   SPATIAL_VECTOR_ACCELERATION = TRUE;To set the value for the current session, enter the following statement from a suitably privileged account:   ALTER SESSION SET SPATIAL_VECTOR_ACCELERATION = TRUE; Checkout the complete list of new features on Oracle.com @ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/options/spatialandgraph/overview/index.html Spatial and Graph Data Sheet (PDF) Spatial and Graph White Paper (PDF)

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  • SQL Server 2012 Memory Manager KB articles

    - by SQLOS Team
    Since the release of SQL Server 2012 with a redesigned memory manager, a steady stream of KB articles have been produced by CSS to provide guidance on the new or changed options, as well as fixes that have been published..   How has memory sizing changed in SQL 2012? 2663912 Memory configuration and sizing considerations in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2663912     Setting "locked pages" to avoid SQL Server memory pages getting swapped has been simplified, particularly for Standard Edition, the details can be found here: 2659143 How to enable the "locked pages" feature in SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2659143   Note the following deprecation (particularly relevant for 32-bit installations): 2644592 The "AWE enabled" SQL Server feature is deprecated - http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;EN-US;2644592   Note the following fixes available: 2708594 FIX: Locked page allocations are enabled without any warning after you upgrade to SQL Server 2012 - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2708594/EN-US 2688697 FIX: Out-of-memory error when you run an instance of SQL Server 2012 on a computer that uses NUMA - http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2688697/EN-US Originally posted at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sqlosteam/

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  • How could RDBMSes be considered a fad?

    - by StuperUser
    Completing my Computing A-level in 2003 and getting a degree in Computing in 2007, and learning my trade in a company with a lot of SQL usage, I was brought up on the idea of Relational Databases being used for storage. So, despite being relatively new to development, I was taken-aback to read a comment (on Is LinqPad site quote "Tired of querying in antiquated SQL?" accurate? ) that said: [Some devs] despise [SQL] and think that it and RDBMS are a fad Obviously, a competent dev will use the right tool for the right job and won't create a relational database when e.g. flat file or another solution for storage is appropriate, but RDBMs are useful in a massive number of circumstances, so how could they be considered a fad?

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  • SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #006

    - by pinaldave
    Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2006 This was my very first year of blogging so I was every day learning something new. As I have said many times, that blogging was never an intention. I had really not understood what exactly I am working on or beginning when I was beginning blogging in 2006. I had never knew that my life was going to change forever, once I started blogging. When I look back all of this year, I am happy that we are here together. 2007 IT Outsourcing to India – Top 10 Reasons Companies Outsource Outsourcing is about trust, collaboration and success. Helping other countries in need has been always the course of mankind, outsourcing is nothing different then that. With information technology and process improvements increasing the complexity, costs and skills required to accomplish routine tasks as well as challenging complex tasks, companies are outsourcing such tasks to providers who have the expertise to perform them at lower costs , with greater value and quality outcome. UDF – Remove Duplicate Chars From String This was a very interesting function I wrote in my early career. I am still using this function when I have to remove duplicate chars from strings. I have yet to come across a scenario where it does not work so I keep on using it till today. Please leave a comment if there is any better solution to this problem. FIX : Error : 3702 Cannot drop database because it is currently in use This is a very generic error when DROP Database is command is executed and the database is not dropped. The common mistake user is kept the connection open with this database and trying to drop the database. The database cannot be dropped if there is any other connection open along with it. It is always a good idea to take database in single user mode before dropping it. Here is the quick tutorial regarding how to bring the database in single user mode: Using T-SQL | Using SSMS. 2008 Install SQL Server 2008 – How to Upgrade to SQL Server 2008 – Installation Tutorial This was indeed one of the most popular articles in SQL Server 2008. Lots of people wanted to learn how to install SQL SErver 2008 but they were facing various issues while installation. I build this tutorial which becomes reference points for many. Default Collation of SQL Server 2008 What is the collation of SQL Server 2008 default installations? I often see this question confusing many experienced developers as well. Well the answer is in following image. Ahmedabad SQL Server User Group Meeting – November 2008 User group meetings are fun, now a days I am going to User Group meetings every week but there was a case when I have been just a beginner on this subject. The bug of the community was caught on me years ago when I started to present in Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar SQ LServer User Groups. 2009 Validate an XML document in TSQL using XSD My friend Jacob Sebastian wrote an excellent article on the subject XML and XSD. Because of the ‘eXtensible’ nature of XML (eXtensible Markup Language), often there is a requirement to restrict and validate the content of an XML document to a pre-defined structure and values. XSD (XML Schema Definition Language) is the W3C recommended language for describing and validating XML documents. SQL Server implements XSD as XML Schema Collections. Star Join Query Optimization At present, when queries are sent to very large databases, millions of rows are returned. Also the users have to go through extended query response times when joining multiple tables are involved with such queries. ‘Star Join Query Optimization’ is a new feature of SQL Server 2008 Enterprise Edition. This mechanism uses bitmap filtering for improving the performance of some types of queries by the effective retrieval of rows from fact tables. 2010 These puzzles are very interesting and intriguing – there was lots of interest on this subject. If you have free time this weekend. You may want to try them out. SQL SERVER – Challenge – Puzzle – Usage of FAST Hint (Solution)  SQL SERVER – Puzzle – Challenge – Error While Converting Money to Decimal (Solution)  SQL SERVER – Challenge – Puzzle – Why does RIGHT JOIN Exists (Open)  Additionally, I had great fun presenting SQL Server Performance Tuning seminar at fantastic locations in Hyderabad. Installing AdventeWorks Database This has been the most popular request I have received on my blog. Here is the quick video about how one can install AdventureWorks. 2011 Effect of SET NOCOUNT on @@ROWCOUNT There was an interesting incident once while I was presenting a session. I wrote a code and suddenly 10 hands went up in the air.  This was a bit surprise to me as I do not know why they all got alerted. I assumed that there should be something wrong with either project, screen or my display. However the real reason was very interesting – I suggest you read the complete blog post to understand this interesting scenario. Error: Deleting Offline Database and Creating the Same Name This is very interesting because once a user deletes the offline database the MDF and LDF file still exists and if the user attempts to create a new database with the same name it will give error. I found this very interesting and the blog explains the concept very quickly. Have you ever faced a similar situation? Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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  • Best memory allocation strategy for iOS ?

    - by Mr.Gando
    Hey guys, I'm debating myself about memory allocation on iOS. I write most of my code in C++ and I really like using ObjectPools, FreeLists, etc. In order to pre-allocate a lot of the stuff that I'll be constantly "alloc/dealloc" during the course of my game, ( like particles, game entities, etc ). Still on iOS, it's not like we are developing for a console like PSP, where I can know for fact that I'll get a fixed amount of memory. iOS , will issue "memory warnings" when the system needs memory. Does anyone have some suggestions about this ? Is it too serious since the new iPod touch/iPhone 4 are carrying more RAM ? or it's still a big concern ? Thanks!

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  • Swap is not copied back into physical memory

    - by GradGuy
    I have a question regarding swap and physical memory. Often times I run a program that requires a lot of memory and as a result I can see some of the data is copied from the physical memory into swap. However, once the program is terminated, and the physical memory is freed I can still see a considerable amount of data on swap which significantly slows down the system and is annoying! What is the reason behind this and how does the OS decide which part of data should go to swap? How long is this data supposed to be there and how is it "freed"?

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  • NPOT texture and video memory usage

    - by Eonil
    I read in this QA that NPOT will take memory as much as next POT sized texture. It means it doesn't give any benefit than POT texture with proper management. (maybe even worse because NPOT should be slower!) Is this true? Does NPOT texture take and waste same memory like POT texture? I am considering NPOT texture for post-processing, so if it doesn't give memory space benefit, using of NPOT texture is meaningless to me. Maybe answer can be different for each platforms. I am targeting mobile devices. Such as iPhone or Androids. Does NPOT texture takes same amount of memory on mobile GPUs?

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  • Aide On a Low Memory System

    - by Jason Mock
    I have a Linux server running on a Linode.com VPS, where I'm trying to utilize aide to detect any issues. However, the nightly aide run uses up all of my available memory and swap (512MB RAM / 384MB SWAP). I've tried adding a script to /etc/cron.daily that would stop/start services using a lot of memory (apache2, mysql) during the aide run. Unfortunately, it seems like aide continued to use every available byte (including the space freed up from apache2 and mysql). Here's a graph from munin showing what happens when aide runs: Note the spike of memory usage, well into swap, when aide runs Any suggestions on tuning aide to not use so much memory, or is there an alternative to aide that doesn't behave this way?

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  • Single Table Inheritance (Database Inheritance design options) pros and cons and in which case it us

    - by Yosef
    Hi, I study about today about 2 database design inheritance approaches: 1. Single Table Inheritance 2. Class Table Inheritance In my student opinion Single Table Inheritance make database more smaller vs other approaches because she use only 1 table. But i read that the more favorite approach is Class Table Inheritance according Bill Karwin. My Question is: Single Table Inheritance pros and cons and in which case it used? thanks, Yosef

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