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  • Power of programming languages

    - by Casebash
    Are there any objective measures for measuring the power of programming languages? Turing-completeness is one, but it is not particularly discriminating. I also remember there being a few others measures of power which are more limited versions (like finite-state-autonoma), but is there any objective measure that is more powerful?

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  • List of Lua derived VMs and Languages

    - by Shane Holloway
    Is there a compendium of virtual machines and languages derived or inspired by Lua? By derived, I mean usage beyond embedding and extending with modules. I'm wanting to research the Lua technology tree, and am looking for our combined knowledge of what already exists. Current List: Bright - A C-like Lua Derivative http://bluedino.net/luapix/Bright.pdf Agena - An Algol68/SQL like Lua Derivative http://agena.sourceforge.net/ LuaJIT - A (very impressive) JIT for Lua http://luajit.org MetaLua - An ML-style language extension http://metalua.luaforge.net/

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  • Chart for deciphering terms in different programming languages

    - by Nathan Adams
    This has been bugging me every since I started to use Python - in PHP you have this ability to use a string as a key in an array. PHP calls these associative arrays. Python calls these dictionaries. Does anyone know of a premade chart that will let me see what the different terminology is in different languages. For example: PHP             | Python Assosicative array | Dictionary

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  • Why do we have so many programming-languages?

    - by ntsbjctve
    Most people would probably answer with "You won't build a house using only a hammer", but my argument against this is: There is also only one real mathematical language used for everything from chemical to architectural calculations, and as programming-languages are in many ways similar to maths, why should it be so different with them?

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  • Why there are no semicolons and {} blocks in some languages

    - by Incognito
    I know the question has no practical value, but it is interesting why in some languages semicolons and {} blocks are removed although their predecessor have them. Actually it makes me nervous to write a code in Python as there are no ";" and {}. Also in new language Google-GO semicolons are also missing although it says that lexer uses a rule to insert semicolons automatically as it scans. So is there any secret :) reason for this.

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  • Advantages/disadvantages of Python and Ruby

    - by Seburdis
    I know this is going to seem a little like all the other python vs ruby question out there, but I'm not looking specifically to pick one over the other all the time. My question is, essentially, why would you use one language over the other when you are starting a new project? What features does ruby have that python doesn't that would make you decide on it for a given project? What about python over ruby? I was just recently thinking about the differentiation between the two languages because of Jamis Buck's "There is no magic, only awesome" series of articles (4 parts, available here) when I realized I really don't know enough about the two languages to know when to choose one over the other. I'm hoping to get objective answers from people who have experience with both languages, rather than just "python is better, ruby sucks" kind of responses. If you know of a feature in one language that doesn't exist in the other and is great in a certain situation, feel free to chime in and say why you think it's awesome. If you have another language comparable to these that you'd like to suggest pros/cons for, like groovy for example, that would be appreciated too. Some thing I know each language has going for it: Ruby: Awesome metaprogramming Great community Wide selection of Gems Rails Great code readability, usually MacRuby is great for native development on Mac without objc Amazing testing tools (cucumber, rspec, shoulda, autotest, etc.) Python: Whitespace indentation List comprehensions Better functional programming support? Lots of support on linux Easy_install isn't far from gems Great variety of libraries available

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  • Have you ever done a project using a languages that is not the mainstream choice for the specific niche of the project? Why?

    - by EpsilonVector
    I was thinking about my academic experience with Smalltalk (well, Squeak) a while ago and whether I would like to use it for something, and it got me thinking: sure, it's as good and capable as any popular language, and it has some nice ideas, but there are certain languages that are already well entrenched in certain niches of programming (C is for systems programming, Java is for portability, and so on...), and Smalltalk and co. don't seem to have any obvious differentiating features to make them the right choice under certain circumstances, or at least not as far as I can tell, and when you add to it the fact that it's harder to find programmers who know it it adds all sorts of other problems for the organization itself. So if you ever worked on a project where a non-mainstream language (like Smalltalk) was used over a more mainstream one, what was the reason for it? To clarify: I'd like to focus this on imperative languages.

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  • Advantages of compilers for functional languages over compilers for imperative languages

    - by Onorio Catenacci
    As a follow up to this question What are the advantages of built-in immutability of F# over C#?--am I correct in assuming that the F# compiler can make certain optimizations knowing that it's dealing with largely immutable code? I mean even if a developer writes "Functional C#" the compiler wouldn't know all of the immutability that the developer had tried to code in so that it couldn't make the same optimizations, right? In general would the compiler of a functional language be able to make optimizations that would not be possible with an imperative language--even one written with as much immutability as possible?

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  • What problems can arise from emulating concepts from another languages?

    - by Vandell
    I've read many times on the web that if your language doesn't support some concept, for example, object orientation, or maybe function calls, and it's considered a good practice in this other context, you should do it. The only problem I can see now is that other programmers may find your code too different than the usual, making it hard for them to program. What other problems do you think may arise from this?

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  • What is the right option of programming languages and tools for building our website?

    - by Goma
    We are 3 persons trying to build a large website which will be available in 3 languges. However, we will start with one language and with small idea then we are going to improve it and make it larger! What do you think the best tools and language that we should use? We are caring alot about the speed of loading the pages and tools that provide excellent qulaity with cheaper fees. Edit: We are graphic designers, so we did not choose the programming language yet. But we studied computer science and we have an idea but we found that this is the best place to ask the question and expect the right answer from you. Should we use ASP.NET for example? or PHP? We do not want an expesive option that will cost us alot in the future and we do not want to change the technology at least for the first 5 years. Thanks!

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  • What operating systems are used in airplanes, and what programming languages are they developed in?

    - by adhg
    I was wondering if anyone knows what is the operating system used in commercial airplanes (say Boeing or Airbus). Also, what is the (preferred) real-time programing language? I heard that Ada is used in Boeing, so my question is - why Ada? what are the criteria the Boeing-guys had to choose this language? (I guess Java wouldn't be a great choice if the exactly in lift off the garbage collector wakes up).

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  • What are some non-MS languages that can write xlsx (Excel 2007+) documents efficiently?

    - by Honus Wagner
    Unfortunately, Excel format is required for the project I am working on. I have no problems getting the data I need in objects and arrays, and currently PHPExcel is doing handling the document generation. It works, but it's slow and loopy. Was wondering if there is a more efficient server language to generate Excel documents (not CSVs). This is a pure Linux environment so I need to stay away from .NET. I am open to any programming language that does it cleanly and efficiently. Thanks.

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  • Is there a well grounded theory on backward and forward compatibility of formats, languages, grammars and vocabularies?

    - by Breton
    I have a friend who has the specific problem of building a case against the use of a custom HTML <wrapper> tag in some site's markup. Now, intuitively we can answer that use of such a tag is risky, as future HTML specs may define a wrapper tag with semantics that conflict with its use on the site. We can also appeal to a particular section of the HTML5 spec which also recommends against the use of custom tags for this reason. And while I agree with the conclusion, I find these arguments a little on the weak side, on their own. Is there some well grounded and proven theory in computer science from which we can derive this conclusion? Have programming language theorists created proofs about the properties of vocabulary versioning, or some such thing?

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  • What's the reason exceptions are heavily used in managed (C# and Java) languages but not in C++? [on hold]

    - by ZijingWu
    AFAIK, a lot of C++ projects don't allow exceptions and deny them in coding guidelines. I have a lot of reasons, for example, exception is hard to handle correctly if your binary needs to be compiled by separate and different compilers. But it doesn't fully convince me, there is a lot of projects which are just using one compiler. Compared to C++, exceptions are heavily used in C# and Java and the reason can only be that exception are not bringing enough benefit. One point is debugbility in practice. Exception can not get the call stack in C++ code, but in C# and Java you can get the call stack from exception, it is significant and makes debugging easier. No-callstack is not the fault of the exception, it is the language difference, but it impacts the exception usage. So what's the reason that exceptions are frowned upon in c++ programs?

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  • what languages are used in AI research today?

    - by aaa
    hi. I am currently dabbling in expert systems, emacs lisp, and reading up about artificial intelligence. Traditionally, artificial intelligence is associated with LISP and expert systems with CLIPS. However, I have noticed in computational sciences how much Python is being used. What about the area of artificial intelligence and machine learning? is it still been dominated by LISP? how much is python being used in AI? are any of the newer functional languages, clojure for example, being used in research? in the area of expert systems, which shells are most used/popular today? are there any interesting developments language wise which you know of? Thanks a lot

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  • Are All Dynamic Languages Typo-friendly?

    - by yar
    With Java on one side and Ruby/Groovy on the other, I know that in the second camp I'm free to make typos which will not get caught until run-time. Is this true of all dynamically-typed languages? Edit: I've been asked to elaborate on the type of typo. In Ruby and in Groovy, you can assign to a variable with an accidental name that is never read. You can call methods that don't exist (obviously your tests should catch this, it's been said). You can refer to classes that don't exist, etc. etc. Basically any valid syntax, even with typographical errors, is valid in both Ruby and Groovy.

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