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• Upgrade from 12.04 to 13.04? [duplicate]

  - by user12008

  This question already has an answer here: Can I skip over releases when upgrading? 15 answers I have Kubuntu 12.04, and would like to upgrade, but Muon Software Updates tells me that "The software on this computer is up to date". What can I make to make it see new version of the distribution? In shell, do-release-upgrade, also says: No new release found.

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• Laptop won't boot with both memory slots used

  - by Johnny W

  I'm currently trying to upgrade my old Sony Vaio VGN-SZ1HP/B to 2GB of RAM. It already had 1GB of Crucial RAM in one of its slots, and one empty. I checked on Crucial.com and it confirms that each bank can hold 1GB of PC2-5300. The 1GB stick already installed was this, but Crucial's page recommended this... The two are identical from what I can make out, so I just ordered another one of the former. Unfortunately the machine refuses to even POST with both sticks installed. If I remove the old RAM from Slot 1 and replace it with the new RAM it runs fine. If I leave Slot 1 empty and put RAM (either stick) in Slot 2, it won't POST. Basically it seems that Slot 2 just isn't working properly. Does anyone have any ideas on how to solve this problem? Or maybe have any experience with this sort of thing with Sony Vaios? Thanks for any help!

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• Macbook memory upgrade question

  - by James Evans

  I've read some conflicting articles on Macbooks and memory upgrades. Some say you have to buy the "special" Mac memory (bulls$%t), others say manufacturers like Partriot and Ocz will work fine. My Macbook (non-pro) is about 6 mos old with it's 2 GB of memory (SO-DIMM 1066MHz DDR3). Does anyone have any definitive information of what will work? Thanks!

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• Clarification of the difference between PCI memory addressing and I/O addressing?

  - by KevinM

  Could someone please clarify the difference between memory and I/O addresses on the PCI/PCIe bus? I understand that I/O addresses are 32-bit, limited to the range 0 to 4GB, and do not map onto system memory (RAM), and that memory addresses are either 32-bit or 64-bit. I get the impression that memory addressing must map onto available RAM, is this true? That if a PCI device wishes to transfer data to a memory address, that address must exist in actual system RAM (and is allocated during PCI configuration) and not virtual memory. So if a PCI device only needs to transfer a small amount of data at a time, where there is no advantage to putting it into RAM or using DMA, then I/O addressing is fine (e.g. a parallel port implemented on a PCI card). And why do I keep reading that PCI/PCIe I/O addressing is being deprecated in favour of memory addressing? Thanks!

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• Large virtual memory size of ElasticSearch JVM

  - by wfaulk

  I am running a JVM to support ElasticSearch. I am still working on sizing and tuning, so I left the JVM's max heap size at ElasticSearch's default of 1GB. After putting data in the database, I find that the JVM's process is showing 50GB in SIZE in top output. It appears that this is actually causing performance problems on the system; other processes are having trouble allocating memory. In asking the ElasticSearch community, they suggested that it's "just" filesystem caching. In my experience, filesystem caching doesn't show up as memory used by a particular process. Of course, they may have been talking about something other than the OS's filesystem cache, maybe something that the JVM or ElasticSearch itself is doing on top of the OS. But they also said that it would be released if needed, and that didn't seem to be happening. So can anyone help me figure out how to tune the JVM, or maybe ElasticSearch itself, to not use so much RAM. System is Solaris 10 x86 with 72GB RAM. JVM is "Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_45-b18)".

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• Can't upgrade ubuntu 9.xx to 12.04

  - by andrej spyk

  I can't upgrade old Ubuntu 9.10 to new, if I check for upgrade it says: Could not download all repository indexes *Failed to fetch ttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-security/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-security/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-security/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-security/restricted/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-security/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-security/universe/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/restricted/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/universe/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-security/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch tp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/multiverse/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch htp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-security/multiverse/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/restricted/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch http://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/universe/source/Sources 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found Failed to fetch ttp://cz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/multiverse/source/Sources 404 Not Found Some index files failed to download, they have been ignored, or old ones used instead.* How I can upgrade if I can't burn new CD?

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• apt-get upgrade gives "403 forbidden" error

  - by 3l4ng

  I'm running Ubuntu 13.04 64b. sudo apt-get update works fine, but when I run sudo apt-get upgrade I get these errors: Err http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates/main python3.3-minimal amd64 3.3.1-1ubuntu5.2 403 Forbidden Err http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu/ raring/main gimp amd64 2.8.6-0raring1~ppa 403 Forbidden Err http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-security/main python3.3-minimal amd64 3.3.1-1ubuntu5.2 403 Forbidden Err http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu/ raring/main gimp-help-en all 1:2.8-0raring16~ppa 403 Forbidden Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/p/python3.3/python3.3-minimal_3.3.1-1ubuntu5.2_amd64.deb 403 Forbidden Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gimp/gimp_2.8.6-0raring1~ppa_amd64.deb 403 Forbidden Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/otto-kesselgulasch/gimp/ubuntu/pool/main/g/gimp-help/gimp-help-en_2.8-0raring16~ppa_all.deb 403 Forbidden E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing? Running sudo apt-get upgrade --fix-missing installs some updates, but the above errors still persist when I run apt-get upgrade again. The software update app shows the error: https://www.dropbox.com/s/2cr450557hmahzz/software_update.jpg and selecting continue shows: https://www.dropbox.com/s/l7u32sxyfbxxeeg/soft_upd2.jpg (sorry for the links, I don't have enough rep to post images) I am behind a proxy, but apt-get update and web browsing work without issues. I also do not believe a server being down is causing this, as the problem has been there over a month. Any ideas on how to fix this?

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• Upgrade from Linux Mint 12 to Kubuntu 12.04?

  - by MountainX

  Is there an "easy" way to "upgrade" my existing Linux Mint 12 install to Kubuntu 12.04 beta 2? I know I could reinstall. Usually I would do a clean install to avoid unexpected issues. But in this case, I don't have time to reconfigure everything from my printers to my installed software, so I am looking for the quick/easy way, but I also want to avoid big risks of an upgrade gone wrong. I'm hoping to just change some repos and run a few commands from the terminal. I don't mind editing a few config files as long as I can find good HOWTOs. But I don't want to be the pioneer (arrows in back). I'm hoping someone has done this before and has a set of steps. For context, I recently installed KDE 4.8 SC onto Kubuntu 11.10 using PPAs. This was on another computer. That wasn't a problem. But I decided to do a fresh install of Kubuntu 12.04 later. I like it well enough that I want to change my other computer from Linux Mint 12 to Kubuntu. (I'm going all-in with KDE. It's now my desktop of choice.) This Linux Mint upgrade will be a move from Gnome and MGSE to KDE, so that will probably complicate things at bit compared to something like upgrading Kubuntu 11.10 to KDE 4.8. References: http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/kde Is it safe to install Kubuntu-desktop in 11.10?

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• Distribution upgrade (12.04 -> 14.04 LTS) halted while unpacking/installing packages

  - by Bob Sully

  As the title states...it just stopped unpacking/installing. "Preparing to unpack .../lirc_0.9.0-0ubuntu5_amd64.deb ..." then stopped in its tracks. Everything else is still running. The update manager process is still alive; if I hit ctrl-c, it gives me the warning message about leaving the system in a broken state. Also, if I run top, there is a process called "trusty" which is still running. I have NOT killed either process. lsb_release -a gives: LSB Version: core-2.0-amd64:core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-amd64:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-amd64:core-3.1-noarch:core-3.2-amd64:core-3.2-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS Release: 14.04 Codename: trusty I assume that if I try to restart update-manager, I won't be offered the option to upgrade again. Anyone have a way I can get the update-manager/dist-upgrade process to simply finish the upgrade? Thanks!

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• How does landscape calculate memory usage?

  - by David Planella

  I'm trying to debug an OOM situation in an Ubuntu 12.04 server, and looking at the Memory graphs in Landscape, I noticed that there wasn't any serious memory usage spike. Then I looked at the output of the free command and I wasn't quite sure how both memory usage results relate to each other. Here's landscape's output on the server: $ landscape-sysinfo System load: 0.0 Processes: 93 Usage of /: 5.6% of 19.48GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 26% IP address for eth0: - Swap usage: 2% Then I ran the free command and I get: $ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 486 381 105 0 4 165 -/+ buffers/cache: 212 274 Swap: 255 7 248 I can understand the 2% swap usage, but where does the 26% memory usage come from?

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• How does landscape calculate free memory?

  - by David Planella

  I'm trying to debug an OOM situation in an Ubuntu 12.04 server, and looking at the Memory graphs in Landscape, I noticed that there wasn't any serious memory usage spike spike. Then I looked at the output of the free command and I wasn't quite sure how both memory usage results relate to each other. Here's landscape's output on the server: $ landscape-sysinfo System load: 0.0 Processes: 93 Usage of /: 5.6% of 19.48GB Users logged in: 1 Memory usage: 26% IP address for eth0: - Swap usage: 2% Then I run the free command and I get: $ free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 486 381 105 0 4 165 -/+ buffers/cache: 212 274 Swap: 255 7 248 I can understand the 2% swap usage, but where does the 26% memory usage come from?

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• Interrupted Upgrade from 11.10 to 12.04

  - by Tamil

  My upgrade using alternative iso from 11.10 to 12.04 got interrupted and I had to hard restart my machine. Now I feel that everything is recovered except my already installed packages like vim. How do I backup my home folder for fresh installation of ubuntu? Following are the errors I'm facing I couldn't mark any package for re-installation in synaptic or remove and install too. output of sudo apt-get install vim Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package vim is not available, but is referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source E: Package 'vim' has no installation candidate If I try installing it from synaptic I get apache2.2-common: Package apache2.2-common has no available version, but exists in the database. This typically means that the package was mentioned in a dependency and never uploaded, has been obsoleted or is not available with the contents of sources.list my sources.list file # added by the release upgrader # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120822.4)]/ precise main restricted # added by the release upgrader # # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120822.4)]/ precise main restricted # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 11.04 _Natty Narwhal_ - Release amd64 (20110427.1)]/ natty main restricted # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-updates multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports' ## repository. ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. # deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu natty partner ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party ## developers who want to ship their latest software. deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main # deb http://tamil.3758_gmail.com:[email protected]/free unstable main # disabled on upgrade to oneiric # deb http://debian.datastax.com/natty oneiric main # disabled on upgrade to oneiric sudo apt-get update Err http://archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Err http://archive.canonical.com precise InRelease Err http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease Err http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-security InRelease Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise InRelease Err http://archive.canonical.com precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to 172.16.140.249:3142: Err http://archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to 172.16.140.249:3142: Err http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates Release.gpg Unable to connect to 172.16.140.249:3142: Err http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg Unable to connect to 172.16.140.249:3142: Err http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg Unable to connect to 172.16.140.249:3142: W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/InRelease

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• Manual memory allocation and purity

  - by Eonil

  Language like Haskell have concept of purity. In pure function, I can't mutate any state globally. Anyway Haskell fully abstracts memory management, so memory allocation is not a problem here. But if languages can handle memory directly like C++, it's very ambiguous to me. In these languages, memory allocation makes visible mutation. But if I treat making new object as impure action, actually, almost nothing can be pure. So purity concept becomes almost useless. How should I handle purity in languages have memory as visible global object?

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• ImageMagick's `convert` utility takes *too much* memory with PDF input

  - by o_O Tync

  I often use ImageMagick's convert for *-PNG conversion, but when PDF has more than 50 pages — convert eats more that 3 Gib (!!!) of memory. I guess it first loads everything. That's unacceptable. It should read PDF page by page, why the heck all of them at once! Maybe there's a way to tune it somehow? Or any good alternatives?

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• Does Firefox still have memory leaks?

  - by tom

  I've had my Firefox 3.6.3 browser consume up to 1.5GB of RAM after a few days of usage without closing it. This is even true when, after a few days of opening/closing tabs, there's only 1 tab open. Does Firefox still have memory leaks?

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• Windows 7 see memory consumed by process

  - by dmessf

  Hi, is there any command/tool on windows 7 to see the memory consumed by a process in bytes, just like tasklist/taskmanager, but in bytes?

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• obiee memory usage

  - by user554629

  Heap memory is a frequent customer topic. Here's the quick refresher, oriented towards AIX, but the principles apply to other unix implementations. 1. 32-bit processes have a maximum addressability of 4GB; usable application heap size of 2-3 GB.  On AIX it is controlled by an environment variable: export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x080000000   # 2GB ( The leading zero is deliberate, not required )   1a. It is  possible to get 3.25GB  heap size for a 32-bit process using @DSA (Discontiguous Segment Allocation)     export LDR_CNTRL=MAXDATA=0xd0000000@DSA  # 3.25 GB 32-bit only        One side-effect of using AIX segments "c" and "d" is that shared libraries will be loaded privately, and not shared.        If you need the additional heap space, this is worth the trade-off.  This option is frequently used for 32-bit java.   1b. 64-bit processes have no need for the @DSA option. 2. 64-bit processes can double the 32-bit heap size to 4GB using: export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x100000000  # 1 with 8-zeros    2a. But this setting would place the same memory limitations on obiee as a 32-bit process    2b. The major benefit of 64-bit is to break the binds of 32-bit addressing.  At a minimum, use 8GB export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x200000000  # 2 with 8-zeros    2c.  Many large customers are providing extra safety to their servers by using 16GB: export LDR_CNTRL=....=MAXDATA=0x400000000  # 4 with 8-zeros There is no performance penalty for providing virtual memory allocations larger than required by the application.  - If the server only uses 2GB of space in 64-bit ... specifying 16GB just provides an upper bound cushion.    When an unexpected user query causes a sudden memory surge, the extra memory keeps the server running. 3.  The next benefit to 64-bit is that you can provide huge thread stack sizes for      strange queries that might otherwise crash the server.      nqsserver uses fast recursive algorithms to traverse complicated control structures.    This means lots of thread space to hold the stack frames.    3a. Stack frames mostly contain register values;  64-bit registers are twice as large as 32-bit          At a minimum you should  quadruple the size of the server stack threads in NQSConfig.INI          when migrating from 32- to 64-bit, to prevent a rogue query from crashing the server.           Allocate more than is normally necessary for safety.    3b. There is no penalty for allocating more stack size than you need ...           it is just virtual memory;   no real resources  are consumed until the extra space is needed.    3c. Increasing thread stack sizes may require the process heap size (MAXDATA) to be increased.          Heap space is used for dynamic memory requests, and for thread stacks.          No performance penalty to run with large heap and thread stack sizes.           In a 32-bit world, this safety would require careful planning to avoid exceeding 2GM usable storage.     3d. Increasing the number of threads also may require additional heap storage.          Most thread stack frames on obiee are allocated when the server is started,          and the real memory usage increases as threads run work. Does 2.8GB sound like a lot of memory for an AIX application server? - I guess it is what you are accustomed to seeing from "grandpa's applications". - One of the primary design goals of obiee is to trade memory for services ( db, query caches, etc) - 2.8GB is still well under the 4GB heap size allocated with MAXDATA=0x100000000 - 2.8GB process size is also possible even on 32-bit Windows applications - It is not unusual to receive a sudden request for 30MB of contiguous storage on obiee.- This is not a memory leak;  eventually the nqsserver storage will stabilize, but it may take days to do so. vmstat is the tool of choice to observe memory usage.  On AIX vmstat will show  something that may be  startling to some people ... that available free memory ( the 2nd column ) is always  trending toward zero ... no available free memory.  Some customers have concluded that "nearly zero memory free" means it is time to upgrade the server with more real memory.   After the upgrade, the server again shows very little free memory available. Should you be concerned about this?   Many customers are !!  Here is what is happening: - AIX filesystems are built on a paging model.   If you read/write a  filesystem block it is paged into memory ( no read/write system calls ) - This filesystem "page" has its own "backing store" on disk, the original filesystem block.   When the system needs the real memory page holding the file block, there is no need to "page out".    The page can be stolen immediately, because the original is still on disk in the filesystem. - The filesystem  pages tend to collect ... every filesystem block that was ever seen since    system boot is available in memory.  If another application needs the file block, it is retrieved with no physical I/O. What happens if the system does need the memory ... to satisfy a 30MB heap request by nqsserver, for example? - Since the filesystem blocks have their own backing store ( not on a paging device )   the kernel can just steal any filesystem block ... on a least-recently-used basis   to satisfy a new real memory request for "computation pages". No cause for alarm.   vmstat is accurately displaying whether all filesystem blocks have been touched, and now reside in memory.   Back to nqsserver:  when should you be worried about its memory footprint? Answer:  Almost never.   Stop monitoring it ... stop fussing over it ... stop trying to optimize it. This is a production application, and nqsserver uses the memory it requires to accomplish the job, based on demand. C'mon ... never worry?   I'm from New York ... worry is what we do best. Ok, here is the metric you should be watching, using vmstat: - Are you paging ... there are several columns of vmstat outputbash-2.04$ vmstat 3 3 System configuration: lcpu=4 mem=4096MB kthr    memory              page              faults        cpu    ----- ------------ ------------------------ ------------ -----------  r  b    avm   fre  re  pi  po  fr   sr  cy  in   sy  cs us sy id wa  0  0 208492  2600   0   0   0   0    0   0  13   45  73  0  0 99  0  0  0 208492  2600   0   0   0   0    0   0   9   12  77  0  0 99  0  0  0 208492  2600   0   0   0   0    0   0   9   40  86  0  0 99  0 avm is the "available free memory" indicator that trends toward zerore   is "re-page".  The kernel steals a real memory page for one process;  immediately repages back to original processpi  "page in".   A process memory page previously paged out, now paged back in because the process needs itpo "page out" A process memory block was paged out, because it was needed by some other process Light paging activity ( re, pi, po ) is not a concern for worry.   Processes get started, need some memory, go away. Sustained paging activity  is cause for concern.   obiee users are having a terrible day if these counters are always changing. Hang on ... if nqsserver needs that memory and I reduce MAXDATA to keep the process under control, won't the nqsserver process crash when the memory is needed? Yes it will.   It means that nqsserver is configured to require too much memory and there are  lots of options to reduce the real memory requirement.  - number of threads  - size of query cache  - size of sort But I need nqsserver to keep running. Real memory is over-committed.    Many things can cause this:- running all application processes on a single server    ... DB server, web servers, WebLogic/WebSphere, sawserver, nqsserver, etc.   You could move some of those to another host machine and communicate over the network  The need for real memory doesn't go away, it's just distributed to other host machines. - AIX LPAR is configured with too little memory.     The AIX admin needs to provide more real memory to the LPAR running obiee. - More memory to this LPAR affects other partitions. Then it's time to visit your friendly IBM rep and buy more memory.

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• Any dangers in using DDR memory with a higher frequency than the FSB?

  - by raw_noob

  I'm looking to upgrade memory in an older motherboard. The processor is an AMD Sempron 2500+ with a maximum speed of 333/166MHz. The motherboard is an MSI MS-7061 (KV3M-V), which accepts up to 2Gb of DDR memory maximum PC2700 in 2 slots and has a maximum FSB of 333MHz. The board does not have dual-channel support. Existing memory includes a stick of 512Mb PC3200, which seems to be running OK (presumably at PC2700) but is rated 200MHz, which is below the FSB speed. The other stick is 256Mb PC2100/133MHz, again below the FSB speed. (All figures from CPU-Z.) I have a chance to acquire a single used stick of PC3200/400MHz memory very cheaply. Crucial's system scanner seems to suggest that this will be OK with my system, but other sites have suggested that running memory with a higher frequency than the FSB can cause instability. Is this true? Would I be better waiting until I can buy the correct PC2700/333MHz stick? I'm assuming that the mixed memory I have at present is running as 768Mb at 133MHz. Is this a reasonable assumption? If so, would you expect the performance differences between 768Mb/133MHz and 1Gb/333MHz to be very noticeable? If I install the new 1Gb/400 or 333MHz stick in slot 1, am I right in thinking that adding back the existing 512Mb/200MHz stick in slot 2 would pull the whole 1.5Gb system memory speed down to 200MHz? If so, which would be better - 1.5Gb/200MHz, or the single 1Gb stick at the full 333MHz that the FSB permits? Is more headroom more important than extra speed? Any help - or even opinions - gratefully received. I can't find reliable information, and I can't afford to make expensive mistakes.

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• What to do?! Upgrading from 12.10 to 13.04 failed :(

  - by Jon Ramirez

  I got an update reminder to go from 12.10 to 13.04. I followed the instructions, was able to download the package, and started installing. Up to a point where my computer (seemed to) restart and there was just a black screen (with the backlight on) for more than an hour. Then I decided that this was too long for an installation and forced my laptop to shut down. I think that messed it up. Now I'm stuck in what seems to be 13.04 with bits of 12.10 in it. I tried to upgrade again through software updater but it goes to Partial Upgrade. But when I try that, I get this error message: "An upgrade from 'raring' to 'quantal' is not supported by this tool." Help! What should I do! I'm running my Ubuntu on my Dell Inspiron.

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• Thread Local Memory for Scratch Memory.

  - by Hassan Syed

  I am using Protocol Buffers and OpensSSL to generate, HMACs and then CBC encrypt the two fields to obfuscate the session cookies -- similar Kerberos tokens. Protocol Buffers' API communicates with std::strings and has a buffer caching mechanism; I exploit the caching mechanism, for successive calls in the the same thread, by placing it in thread local memory; additionally the OpenSSL HMAC and EVP CTX's are also placed in the same thread local memory structure ( see this question for some detail on why I use thread local memory and the massive amount of speedup it enables even with a single thread). The generation and deserialization, "my algorithms", of these cookie strings uses intermediary void *s and std::strings and since Protocol Buffers has an internal memory retention mechanism I want these characteristics for "my algorithms". So how do I implement a common scratch memory ? I don't know much about the rdbuf of the std::string object. I would presumeably need to grow it to the lowest common size ever encountered during the execution of "my algorithms". Thoughts ?

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• Can memory be cleaned up?

  - by Tom

  I am working in Delphi 5 (with FastMM installed) on a Win32 project, and have recently been trying to drastically reduce the memory usage in this application. So far, I have cut the usage nearly in half, but noticed something when working on a separate task. When I minimized the application, the memory usage shrunk from 45 megs down to 1 meg, which I attributed to it paging out to disk. When I restored it and restarted working, the memory went up only to 15 megs. As I continued working, the memory usage slowly went up again, and a minimize and restore flushed it back down to 15 megs. So to my thinking, when my code tells the system to release the memory, it is still being held on to according to Windows, and the actual garbage collection doesn't kick in until a lot later. Can anyone confirm/deny this sort of behavior? Is it possible to get the memory cleaned up programatically? If I keep using the program without doing this manual flush, I get an out of memory error after a while, and would like to eliminate that. Thanks.

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• High memory usage for dummies

  - by zaf

  I've just restarted my firefox web browser again because it started stuttering and slowing down. This happens every other day due to (my understanding) of excessive memory usage. I've noticed it takes 40M when it starts and then, by the time I notice slow down, it goes to 1G and my machine has nothing more to offer unless I close other applications. I'm trying to understand the technical reasons behind why its such a difficult problem to sol ve. Mozilla have a page about high memory usage: http://support.mozilla.com/en-US/kb/High+memory+usage But I'm looking for a slightly more in depth and satisfying explanation. Not super technical but enough to give the issue more respect and please the crowd here. Some questions I'm already pondering (they could be silly so take it easy): When I close all tabs, why doesn't the memory usage go all the way down? Why is there no limits on extensions/themes/plugins memory usage? Why does the memory usage increase if it's left open for long periods of time? Why are memory leaks so difficult to find and fix? App and language agnostic answers also much appreciated.

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• Reducing Oracle LOB Memory Use in PHP, or Paul's Lesson Applied to Oracle

  - by christopher.jones

  Paul Reinheimer's PHP memory pro tip shows how re-assigning a value to a variable doesn't release the original value until the new data is ready. With large data lengths, this unnecessarily increases the peak memory usage of the application. In Oracle you might come across this situation when dealing with LOBS. Here's an example that selects an entire LOB into PHP's memory. I see this being done all the time, not that that is an excuse to code in this style. The alternative is to remove OCI_RETURN_LOBS to return a LOB locator which can be accessed chunkwise with LOB->read(). In this memory usage example, I threw some CLOB rows into a table. Each CLOB was about 1.5M. The fetching code looked like: $s = oci_parse ($c, 'SELECT CLOBDATA FROM CTAB'); oci_execute($s); echo "Start Current :" . memory_get_usage() . "\n"; echo "Start Peak : " .memory_get_peak_usage() . "\n"; while(($r = oci_fetch_array($s, OCI_RETURN_LOBS)) !== false) { echo "Current :" . memory_get_usage() . "\n"; echo "Peak : " . memory_get_peak_usage() . "\n"; // var_dump(substr($r['CLOBDATA'],0,10)); // do something with the LOB // unset($r); } echo "End Current :" . memory_get_usage() . "\n"; echo "End Peak : " . memory_get_peak_usage() . "\n"; Without "unset" in loop, $r retains the current data value while new data is fetched: Start Current : 345300 Start Peak : 353676 Current : 1908092 Peak : 2958720 Current : 1908092 Peak : 4520972 End Current : 345668 End Peak : 4520972 When I uncommented the "unset" line in the loop, PHP's peak memory usage is much lower: Start Current : 345376 Start Peak : 353676 Current : 1908168 Peak : 2958796 Current : 1908168 Peak : 2959108 End Current : 345744 End Peak : 2959108 Even if you are using LOB->read(), unsetting variables in this manner will reduce the PHP program's peak memory usage. With LOBS in Oracle DB there is also DB memory use to consider. Using LOB->free() is worthwhile for locators. Importantly, the OCI8 1.4.1 extension (from PECL or included in PHP 5.3.2) has a LOB fix to free up Oracle's locators earlier. For long running scripts using lots of LOBS, upgrading to OCI8 1.4.1 is recommended.

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• Can I perform a distribution upgrade without rebooting?

  - by Martin Eve

  Hi, I would, ideally, like to run a distribution upgrade that doesn't end in a complete reboot of the machine (owing to an irritation in my hardware that requires a period of disconnection from the power supply before my SSD can be detected). What would be the procedure for doing this from a desktop environment? I would image: dist-upgrade shutdown all graphical services restart X I'd appreciate any advice (particularly on the exact procedure for step 2, if this correct). NB. I'm using KSplice for in-memory kernel patching, so the kernel is already dealt with. Many thanks, Martin

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• Changing memory allocator to Jemalloc Centos 6

  - by Brian Lovett

  After reading this blog post about the impact of memory allocators like jemalloc on highly threaded applications, I wanted to test things on a larger scale on some of our cluster of servers. We run sphinx, and apache using threads, and on 24 core machines. Installing jemalloc was simple enough. We are running Centos 6, so yum install jemalloc jemalloc-devel did the trick. My question is, how do we change everything on the system over to using jemalloc instead of the default malloc built into Centos. Research pointed me at this as a potential option: LD_PRELOAD=$LD_PRELOAD:/usr/lib64/libjemalloc.so.1 Would this be sufficient to get everything using jemalloc?

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