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  • Mailgun Is Not Detecting My New MX Records

    - by Tyler Crompton
    When I issue a DiG command to verify my MX records, I get the following output: $ dig example.com MX ; <<>> DiG 9.9.5-3-Ubuntu <<>> example.com MX ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 47700 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 5, ADDITIONAL: 5 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;example.com. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: example.com. 85468 IN MX 10 mxa.mailgun.org. example.com. 85468 IN MX 10 mxb.mailgun.org. ;; REMAINDER OF OUTPUT REMOVED FOR BREVITY However, when I click "Check DNS Records Now" on Mailgun, it verifies the changes to the TXT and CNAME records but says that my MX records have not been changed. Type | Priority | Enter This Value | Current Value -----+----------+------------------+-------------------- MX | 10 | mxa.mailgun.org | 10 mail.example.com MX | 10 | mxb.mailgun.org | 10 mail.example.com I updated these records three to fours ago. I know it said to wait up to twenty-four to forty-eight hours. But I feel that if it detected the other DNS changes, then it should detect the MX record changes. Am I being impatient or is this a legitimate concern? What do you suggest I do? Note: I'd create a Mailgun tag for this; I feel that it'd be appropriate, but I don't have enough reputation to do so.

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  • Computing Number of Bits in Public Key

    - by eb80
    I am working with DKIM and trying to compute the public key size of some DKIM signatures. I know from tools that Gmail's is now 2048, but how could I have figured this out myself (i.e., what exact Linux commands and why)? user@host$ dig txt 20120113._domainkey.gmail.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.3-P1 <<>> txt 20120113._domainkey.gmail.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 52228 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;20120113._domainkey.gmail.com. IN TXT ;; ANSWER SECTION: 20120113._domainkey.gmail.com. 300 IN TXT "k=rsa\; p=MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA1Kd87/UeJjenpabgbFwh+eBCsSTrqmwIYYvywlbhbqoo2DymndFkbjOVIPIldNs/m40KF+yzMn1skyoxcTUGCQs8g3FgD2Ap3ZB5DekAo5wMmk4wimDO+U8QzI3SD0" "7y2+07wlNWwIt8svnxgdxGkVbbhzY8i+RQ9DpSVpPbF7ykQxtKXkv/ahW3KjViiAH+ghvvIhkx4xYSIc9oSwVmAl5OctMEeWUwg8Istjqz8BZeTWbf41fbNhte7Y+YqZOwq1Sd0DbvYAD9NOZK9vlfuac0598HY+vtSBczUiKERHv1yRbcaQtZFh5wtiRrN04BLUTD21MycBX5jYchHjPY/wIDAQAB" ;; Query time: 262 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) ;; WHEN: Mon Nov 19 10:52:06 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 462

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  • no A record show in the answer section in dig results

    - by eric low
    To check the record for the domain, run dig with domain name as the parameter. dig example.com any I get the below result. Why there is no A record show in the result. What did i do wrong during the setup. Please advice what suppose to look into it. Hope everyone can help me to resolve the case asap. ; <<>> DiG 9.9.3-P2 <<>> example.com any ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 44674 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 8, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;example.com. IN ANY ;; ANSWER SECTION: example.com. 3489 IN MX 100 biz.mail.com. example.com. 3482 IN NS ns1.domain.com. example.com. 3482 IN NS ns2.domain.com. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: example.com. 3482 IN NS ns2.domain.com. example.com. 3482 IN NS ns1.domain.com. ;; Query time: 0 msec ;; SERVER: xxx.252.xxx.xxx#53(xxx.252.xxx.xxx) ;; WHEN: Wed Oct 30 04:48:34 CDT 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 349

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  • ping incorrectly pinging 127.0.0.1

    - by AlexW
    I've got an odd DNS issue. I'm running a dual ipv4/ipv6 environment on Linux. Pinging some sites results in ping pinging 127.0.0.1. e.g. #> ping authserver.mojang.com PING authserver.mojang.com (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms 64 bytes from localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.043 ms 64 bytes from localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.058 ms --- authserver.mojang.com ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2000ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.043/0.048/0.058/0.010 ms Dig, however correctly returns the following: # dig authserver.mojang.com ; <<>> DiG 9.9.3-P2 <<>> authserver.mojang.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 15800 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;authserver.mojang.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: authserver.mojang.com. 5 IN A 54.235.119.47 ;; Query time: 14 msec ;; SERVER: 2001:4860:4860::8888#53(2001:4860:4860::8888) ;; WHEN: Sat Nov 09 15:34:40 GMT 2013 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 66 I'm confused! My web browser returns the correct website, and the same computer booted into Windows also works correctly.

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  • How to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux on Apple Macbook Pro MacBookPro4,1

    - by Todd V. Rovito
    I have a one year old Mac Book Pro that I am trying to get RHEL 5.4 installed on via bootcamp. No matter what I do I can't get the installer to boot. I have tried multiple DVD's and even verified the install works on a new Mac Book Pro. Most of the time the installer simply locks up. I usually use Linux text with all-generic-ide on the boot line. I removed the ide parameter and I just used linux text. The results I get are that a bunch of kernel messages appear then the background turns blue and a thin text box pops up saying its loading ata..... something it disappears too fast for me to read. Then the machine freezes. I pressed the alt function keys to see if I could look at the system log, here is what it says: Alt-f3 says "trying to mount CD device hda" Alt-f4 says status error: hda: lastFailedSense Hda: Failed opcode was: unknown Hda: Lost interrupt Hda: Drive not ready for command Ide-cd: command 0x3 timed out Above this junk it looks like it found the partition because it knew it was 20 GB and listed as /dev/sda3. I think it has something to do with the CD drive, is that possible? Thanks again for the support. PS I posted in the apple support forums ( Apple.com Support Discussions Boot Camp Installation and Storage) and didn't get an answer.

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  • What is wrong with my DNS entries?

    - by matheus
    I have some problems with a domain not working as expected. My registrar's controlpanel shows these records for mydomain.eu: www A 111.222.333.444 * A 111.222.333.444 I use the nameservers of my registrar. I get a correct answer if i do dig www.mydomain.eu dig whatever.mydomain.eu I can also ping/visit website etc with those adresses. But, dig mydomain.eu wont resolve to anything. I just get this: ; <<>> DiG 9.6-ESV-R1 <<>> mydomain.eu ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 46837 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;mydomain.eu. IN A ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: mydomain.eu. 1799 IN SOA ns1.binero.se. registry.binero.se. 1281647822 3600 240 1209600 3600 ;; Query time: 77 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) ;; WHEN: Thu Jan 6 01:36:31 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 83 The same A-record setup work for another domain/server ip, but that domain has other nameservers. What am I missing here?

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  • File exists but is unreadable by PHP

    - by Aron
    More than once I have ran into this issue: I have a cache file that is automatically generated by PHP. It contains some generated PHP code. However for some reason the file cannot be read and parsed by PHP. These are the symptoms: File actually exists on file system. Using Terminal you can navigate to the file, view its contents (which are fully intact), etcetc. PHP file_exists() will report that the file exists...which is correct since it does :) Then I include() the file. But when actually parsing the file, PHP will just consider it an empty file. No fatal error, just no PHP code actually executed. Again, its as if the file was completely empty (which I assure you, it is not)... It is not a permissions issue. Permissions are set as needed. Workaround: open the file in Terminal via 'nano' or some other text editor and just save it to the disk again. After that (despite no changes to the content) PHP will run it just fine... As a clarification, I'd like to add that this happens rarely, but frequently enough to be a problem. And even when it does, there are hundreds of other similar files on the same system that work without a problem... If this were an issue affecting only my own scripts, I would consider that there must be a bug in the way I generate the PHP code. But no, the issue has occurred more than once when deploying to a server (usually from Beanstalk repository via FTP). The issue has been present on various servers, Debian and Ubuntu running Zend Community Server. Any ideas? One that crossed my mind was opcode cache-ing (part of Zend Server CE)...could it be that an empty version of the file is cached if it is requested while the write operation is still in progress?

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  • Indy Write Buffering / Efficient TCP communication

    - by Smasher
    I know, I'm asking a lot of questions...but as a new delphi developer I keep falling over all these questions :) This one deals with TCP communication using indy 10. To make communication efficient, I code a client operation request as a single byte (in most scenarios followed by other data bytes of course, but in this case only one single byte). Problem is that var Bytes : TBytes; ... SetLength (Bytes, 1); Bytes [0] := OpCode; FConnection.IOHandler.Write (Bytes, 1); ErrorCode := Connection.IOHandler.ReadByte; does not send that byte immediately (at least the servers execute handler is not invoked). If I change the '1' to a '9' for example everything works fine. I assumed that Indy buffers the outgoing bytes and tried to disable write buffering with FConnection.IOHandler.WriteBufferClose; but it did not help. How can I send a single byte and make sure that it is immediatly sent? And - I add another little question here - what is the best way to send an integer using indy? Unfortunately I can't find function like WriteInteger in the IOHandler of TIdTCPServer...and WriteLn (IntToStr (SomeIntVal)) seems not very efficient to me. Does it make a difference whether I use multiple write commands in a row or pack things together in a byte array and send that once? Thanks for any answers! EDIT: I added a hint that I'm using Indy 10 since there seem to be major changes concerning the read and write procedures.

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  • x86 CMP Instruction Difference

    - by Pindatjuh
    Question What is the (non-trivial) difference between the following two x86 instructions? 39 /r CMP r/m32,r32 Compare r32 with r/m32 3B /r CMP r32,r/m32 Compare r/m32 with r32 Background I'm building a Java assembler, which will be used by my compiler's intermediate language to produce Windows-32 executables. Currently I have following code: final ModelBase mb = new ModelBase(); // create new memory model mb.addCode(new Compare(Register.ECX, Register.EAX)); // add code mb.addCode(new Compare(Register.EAX, Register.ECX)); // add code final FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("test.exe")); mb.writeToFile(fos); fos.close(); To output a valid executable file, which contains two CMP instruction in a TEXT-section. The executable outputted to "text.exe" will do nothing interesting, but that's not the point. The class Compare is a wrapper around the CMP instruction. The above code produces (inspecting with OllyDbg): Address Hex dump Command 0040101F |. 3BC8 CMP ECX,EAX 00401021 |. 3BC1 CMP EAX,ECX The difference is subtle: if I use the 39 byte-opcode: Address Hex dump Command 0040101F |. 39C1 CMP ECX,EAX 00401021 |. 39C8 CMP EAX,ECX Which makes me wonder about their synonymity and why this even exists.

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  • Why does Java's invokevirtual need to resolve the called method's compile-time class?

    - by Chris
    Consider this simple Java class: class MyClass { public void bar(MyClass c) { c.foo(); } } I want to discuss what happens on the line c.foo(). At the bytecode level, the meat of c.foo() will be the invokevirtual opcode, and, according to the documentation for invokevirtual, more or less the following will happen: Look up the foo method defined in compile-time class MyClass. (This involves first resolving MyClass.) Do some checks, including: Verify that c is not an initialization method, and verify that calling MyClass.foo wouldn't violate any protected modifiers. Figure out which method to actually call. In particular, look up c's runtime type. If that type has foo(), call that method and return. If not, look up c's runtime type's superclass; if that type has foo, call that method and return. If not, look up c's runtime type's superclass's superclass; if that type has foo, call that method and return. Etc.. If no suitable method can be found, then error. Step #3 alone seems adequate for figuring out which method to call and verifying that said method has the correct argument/return types. So my question is why step #1 gets performed in the first place. Possible answers seem to be: You don't have enough information to perform step #3 until step #1 is complete. (This seems implausible at first glance, so please explain.) The linking or access modifier checks done in #1 and #2 are essential to prevent certain bad things from happening, and those checks must be performed based on the compile-time type, rather than the run-time type hierarchy. (Please explain.)

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  • std::binary_function - no match for call?

    - by Venkat Shiva
    Hi, this is my code: #include <iostream> #include <functional> using namespace std; int main() { binary_function<double, double, double> operations[] = { plus<double>(), minus<double>(), multiplies<double>(), divides<double>() }; double a, b; int choice; cout << "Enter two numbers" << endl; cin >> a >> b; cout << "Enter opcode: 0-Add 1-Subtract 2-Multiply 3-Divide" << endl; cin >> choice; cout << operations[choice](a, b) << endl; } and the error I am getting is: Calcy.cpp: In function ‘int main()’: Calcy.cpp:17: error: no match for call to ‘(std::binary_function<double, double, double>) (double&, double&)’ Can anyone explain why I am getting this error and how to get rid of it?

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  • Android java.lang.VerifyError for private method with annotated argument.

    - by alex2k8
    I have a very simple project that compiles, but can't be started on Emulator. The problem is with this method: private void bar(@Some String a) {} // java.lang.VerifyError The issue can be avoided if annotation removed private void bar(String a) {} // OK or the method visibility changed: void bar(@Some String a) {} // OK public void bar(@Some String a) {} // OK protected void bar(@Some String a) {} // OK Any idea what is wrong with original method? Is this a dalvik bug, or? If some one whould like to experiment with code, here it is: Test.java: public class Test { private void bar(@Some String a) {} public void foo() { bar(null); } } Some.java: public @interface Some {} MainActivity.java: public class MainActivity extends Activity { @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); new Test().foo(); } } Stack trace: ERROR/dalvikvm(1358): Could not find method com.my.Test.bar, referenced from method com.my.Test.foo WARN/dalvikvm(1358): VFY: unable to resolve direct method 11: Lcom/my/Test;.bar (Ljava/lang/String;)V WARN/dalvikvm(1358): VFY: rejecting opcode 0x70 at 0x0001 WARN/dalvikvm(1358): VFY: rejected Lcom/my/Test;.foo ()V WARN/dalvikvm(1358): Verifier rejected class Lcom/my/Test; DEBUG/AndroidRuntime(1358): Shutting down VM WARN/dalvikvm(1358): threadid=3: thread exiting with uncaught exception (group=0x4000fe70) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): Uncaught handler: thread main exiting due to uncaught exception ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): java.lang.VerifyError: com.my.Test ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at com.my.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:13) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1123) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2231) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:2284) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at android.app.ActivityThread.access$1800(ActivityThread.java:112) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1692) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:123) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:3948) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invokeNative(Native Method) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:521) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(ZygoteInit.java:782) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:540) ERROR/AndroidRuntime(1358): at dalvik.system.NativeStart.main(Native Method)

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  • Multithreading and Interrupts

    - by Nicholas Flynt
    I'm doing some work on the input buffers for my kernel, and I had some questions. On Dual Core machines, I know that more than one "process" can be running simultaneously. What I don't know is how the OS and the individual programs work to protect collisions in data. There are two things I'd like to know on this topic: (1) Where do interrupts occur? Are they guaranteed to occur on one core and not the other, and could this be used to make sure that real-time operations on one core were not interrupted by, say, file IO which could be handled on the other core? (I'd logically assume that the interrupts would happen on the 1st core, but is that always true, and how would you tell? Or perhaps does each core have its own settings for interrupts? Wouldn't that lead to a scenario where each core could react simultaneously to the same interrupt, possibly in different ways?) (2) How does the dual core processor handle opcode memory collision? If one core is reading an address in memory at exactly the same time that another core is writing to that same address in memory, what happens? Is an exception thrown, or is a value read? (I'd assume the write would work either way.) If a value is read, is it guaranteed to be either the old or new value at the time of the collision? I understand that programs should ideally be written to avoid these kinds of complications, but the OS certainly can't expect that, and will need to be able to handle such events without choking on itself.

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  • How is a relative JMP (x86) implemented in an Assembler?

    - by Pindatjuh
    While building my assembler for the x86 platform I encountered some problems with encoding the JMP instruction: enc inst size in bytes EB cb JMP rel8 2 E9 cw JMP rel16 4 (because of 0x66 16-bit prefix) E9 cd JMP rel32 5 ... (from my favourite x86 instruction website, http://siyobik.info/index.php?module=x86&id=147) All are relative jumps, where the size of each encoding (operation + operand) is in the third column. Now my original (and thus fault because of this) design reserved the maximum (5 bytes) space for each instruction. The operand is not yet known, because it's a jump to a yet unknown location. So I've implemented a "rewrite" mechanism, that rewrites the operands in the correct location in memory, if the location of the jump is known, and fills the rest with NOPs. This is a somewhat serious concern in tight-loops. Now my problem is with the following situation: b: XXX c: JMP a e: XXX ... XXX d: JMP b a: XXX (where XXX is any instruction, depending on the to-be assembled program) The problem is that I want the smallest possible encoding for a JMP instruction (and no NOP filling). I have to know the size of the instruction at c before I can calculate the relative distance between a and b for the operand at d. The same applies for the JMP at c: it needs to know the size of d before it can calculate the relative distance between e and a. How do existing assemblers implement this, or how would you implement this? This is what I am thinking which solves the problem: First encode all the instructions to opcodes between the JMP and it's target, and if this region contains a variable-sized opcode, use the maximum size, i.e. 5 for JMP. Then in some conditions, the JMP is oversized (because it may fit in a smaller encoding): so another pass will search for oversized JMPs, shrink them, and move all instructions ahead), and set absolute branching instructions (i.e. external CALLs) after this pass is completed. I wonder, perhaps this is an over-engineered solution, that's why I ask this question.

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  • Code bacteria: evolving mathematical behavior

    - by Stefano Borini
    It would not be my intention to put a link on my blog, but I don't have any other method to clarify what I really mean. The article is quite long, and it's in three parts (1,2,3), but if you are curious, it's worth the reading. A long time ago (5 years, at least) I programmed a python program which generated "mathematical bacteria". These bacteria are python objects with a simple opcode-based genetic code. You can feed them with a number and they return a number, according to the execution of their code. I generate their genetic codes at random, and apply an environmental selection to those objects producing a result similar to a predefined expected value. Then I let them duplicate, introduce mutations, and evolve them. The result is quite interesting, as their genetic code basically learns how to solve simple equations, even for values different for the training dataset. Now, this thing is just a toy. I had time to waste and I wanted to satisfy my curiosity. however, I assume that something, in terms of research, has been made... I am reinventing the wheel here, I hope. Are you aware of more serious attempts at creating in-silico bacteria like the one I programmed? Please note that this is not really "genetic algorithms". Genetic algorithms is when you use evolution/selection to improve a vector of parameters against a given scoring function. This is kind of different. I optimize the code, not the parameters, against a given scoring function.

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  • Return a list of imported Python modules used in a script?

    - by Jono Bacon
    Hi All, I am writing a program that categorizes a list of Python files by which modules they import. As such I need to scan the collection of .py files ad return a list of which modules they import. As an example, if one of the files I import has the following lines: import os import sys, gtk I would like it to return: ["os", "sys", "gtk"] I played with modulefinder and wrote: from modulefinder import ModuleFinder finder = ModuleFinder() finder.run_script('testscript.py') print 'Loaded modules:' for name, mod in finder.modules.iteritems(): print '%s ' % name, but this returns more than just the modules used in the script. As an example in a script which merely has: import os print os.getenv('USERNAME') The modules returned from the ModuleFinder script return: tokenize heapq __future__ copy_reg sre_compile _collections cStringIO _sre functools random cPickle __builtin__ subprocess cmd gc __main__ operator array select _heapq _threading_local abc _bisect posixpath _random os2emxpath tempfile errno pprint binascii token sre_constants re _abcoll collections ntpath threading opcode _struct _warnings math shlex fcntl genericpath stat string warnings UserDict inspect repr struct sys pwd imp getopt readline copy bdb types strop _functools keyword thread StringIO bisect pickle signal traceback difflib marshal linecache itertools dummy_thread posix doctest unittest time sre_parse os pdb dis ...whereas I just want it to return 'os', as that was the module used in the script. Can anyone help me achieve this?

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  • Editing a .class file directly, playing around with opcodes

    - by echox
    Hi, today I just tried to play a little bit around with the opcodes in compiled java class file. After inserting iinc 1,1 the java virtual machine responds with: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassFormatError: Truncated class file at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:632) at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:616) at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:141) at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:283) at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:58) at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:197) at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method) at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:307) at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301) at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248) Could not find the main class: Test. Program will exit. This is my example source code: public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { int i = 5; i++; i++; i++; System.out.println("Number: " + i + "\n"); } } The opcode for an increment is 0x84 + 2 bytes for operands. There's only one section in the resulting class file, which contains 0x84: [..] 8401 0184 0101 8401 01[..] So I would translate this as: iinc 1,1 iinc 1,1 iinc 1,1 corresponding to my i++; i++; i++; I then tried to append just 840101 to increment the variable once more, but that didn't work and resulted in the ClassFormatError. Is there anything like a checksum for the class file? I looked up the format of a classfile in http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jvms/second_edition/html/ClassFile.doc.html but could not find anything which points out to some kind of bytes_of_classfile or something. I also don't understand why the error is "Truncated Class File", because I did append something :-) I know its not a good idea to edit class files directly, but I'm just interested on the VM internals here.

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  • x86_64 assembler: only one call per subroutine?

    - by zneak
    Hello everyone, I decided yesterday to start doing assembler. Most of it is okay (well, as okay as assembler can be), but I'm getting some problems with gas. It seems that I can call functions only once. After that, any subsequent call opcode with the same function name will fail. I must be doing something terribly wrong, though I can't see what. Take this small C function for instance: void path_free(path_t path) { if (path == NULL) return; free(((point_list_t*)path)->points); free(path); } I "translated" it to assembler like that: .globl _path_free _path_free: push rbp mov rbp, rsp cmp rdi, 0 jz byebye push rdi mov rdi, qword ptr [rdi] call _free pop rdi sub rsp, 8 call _free byebye: leave ret This triggers the following error for the second call _free: suffix or operands invalid for ``call''. And if I change it to something else, like free2, everything works (until link time, that is). Assembler code gcc -S gave me looks very similar to what I've done (except it's in AT&T syntax), so I'm kind of lost. I'm doing this on Mac OS X under the x86_64 architecture.

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  • Return a list of important Python modules in a script?

    - by Jono Bacon
    Hi All, I am writing a program that categorizes a list of Python files by which modules they import. As such I need to scan the collection of .py files ad return a list of which modules they import. As an example, if one of the files I import has the following lines: import os import sys, gtk I would like it to return: ["os", "sys", "gtk"] I played with modulefinder and wrote: from modulefinder import ModuleFinder finder = ModuleFinder() finder.run_script('testscript.py') print 'Loaded modules:' for name, mod in finder.modules.iteritems(): print '%s ' % name, but this returns more than just the modules used in the script. As an example in a script which merely has: import os print os.getenv('USERNAME') The modules returned from the ModuleFinder script return: tokenize heapq __future__ copy_reg sre_compile _collections cStringIO _sre functools random cPickle __builtin__ subprocess cmd gc __main__ operator array select _heapq _threading_local abc _bisect posixpath _random os2emxpath tempfile errno pprint binascii token sre_constants re _abcoll collections ntpath threading opcode _struct _warnings math shlex fcntl genericpath stat string warnings UserDict inspect repr struct sys pwd imp getopt readline copy bdb types strop _functools keyword thread StringIO bisect pickle signal traceback difflib marshal linecache itertools dummy_thread posix doctest unittest time sre_parse os pdb dis ...whereas I just want it to return 'os', as that was the module used in the script. Can anyone help me achieve this?

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  • dig works but dig +trace <domain_name> not working

    - by anoopmathew
    In my local system i can't get the proper result of dig +trace , but dig works fine. I'm using Ubuntu 10.04 LTS version. I'll attach the result of dig and dig +trace along with this updates. dig +trace gmail.com ; << DiG 9.7.0-P1 << +trace gmail.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Received 12 bytes from 4.2.2.4#53(4.2.2.4) in 291 ms dig gmail.com ; << DiG 9.7.0-P1 << gmail.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; -HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 59528 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;gmail.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: gmail.com. 49 IN A 74.125.236.118 gmail.com. 49 IN A 74.125.236.117 ;; Query time: 302 msec ;; SERVER: 4.2.2.4#53(4.2.2.4) ;; WHEN: Sat Oct 13 14:57:56 2012 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 59 Please anyone update a solution for this issue. I'm just worried about my issue.

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  • Writing a VM - well formed bytecode?

    - by David Titarenco
    Hi, I'm writing a virtual machine in C just for fun. Lame, I know, but luckily I'm on SO so hopefully no one will make fun :) I wrote a really quick'n'dirty VM that reads lines of (my own) ASM and does stuff. Right now, I only have 3 instructions: add, jmp, end. All is well and it's actually pretty cool being able to feed lines (doing it something like write_line(&prog[1], "jmp", regA, regB, 0); and then running the program: while (machine.code_pointer <= BOUNDS && DONE != true) { run_line(&prog[machine.cp]); } I'm using an opcode lookup table (which may not be efficient but it's elegant) in C and everything seems to be working OK. My question is more of a "best practices" question but I do think there's a correct answer to it. I'm making the VM able to read binary files (storing bytes in unsigned char[]) and execute bytecode. My question is: is it the VM's job to make sure the bytecode is well formed or is it just the compiler's job to make sure the binary file it spits out is well formed? I only ask this because what would happen if someone would edit a binary file and screw stuff up (delete arbitrary parts of it, etc). Clearly, the program would be buggy and probably not functional. Is this even the VM's problem? I'm sure that people much smarter than me have figured out solutions to these problems, I'm just curious what they are!

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  • Boost ASIO async_write "Vector iterator not dereferencable"

    - by xeross
    Hey, I've been working on an async boost server program, and so far I've got it to connect. However I'm now getting a "Vector iterator not dereferencable" error. I suspect the vector gets destroyed or dereferenced before he packet gets sent thus causing the error. void start() { Packet packet; packet.setOpcode(SMSG_PING); send(packet); } void send(Packet packet) { cout << "DEBUG> Transferring packet with opcode " << packet.GetOpcode() << endl; async_write(m_socket, buffer(packet.write()), boost::bind(&Session::writeHandler, shared_from_this(), placeholders::error, placeholders::bytes_transferred)); } void writeHandler(const boost::system::error_code& errorCode, size_t bytesTransferred) { cout << "DEBUG> Transfered " << bytesTransferred << " bytes to " << m_socket.remote_endpoint().address().to_string() << endl; } Start gets called once a connection is made. packet.write() returns a uint8_t vector Would it matter if I'd change void send(Packet packet) to void send(Packet& packet) Not in relation to this problem but performance wise.

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  • Reflection for a Field going wrong

    - by TiGer
    Hi, I have been trying to use reflection for a specifiec Field in the android.os.build class, the MANUFACTURER field... I have tried by using this code : try { Class myBuildClass = android.os.Build.class; Field m1 = Build.class.getDeclaredField("MANUFACTURER"); validField = true; manufacturer = Build.MANUFACTURER; } catch(Exception ex) { manufacturer = Build.PRODUCT; System.err.println("getDeviceSpecifics, got an exception during getting Field : " + ex.toString()); } I am gettign the following errors : 06-01 11:26:37.639: WARN/dalvikvm(7342): VFY: unable to resolve static field 2 (MANUFACTURER) in Landroid/os/Build; 06-01 11:26:37.639: WARN/dalvikvm(7342): VFY: rejecting opcode 0x62 at 0x0048 06-01 11:26:37.639: WARN/dalvikvm(7342): VFY: rejected Lmobilaria/android/managementModule/Management;.getDeviceSpecifics ()V 06-01 11:26:37.639: WARN/dalvikvm(7342): Verifier rejected class Lmobilaria/android/managementModule/Management; And when debugging I noticed that InvocationtargetException is continuesly thrown, so I am guessing I haven't been implementing the whole Reflection principle correctly... Any idea where things are going wrong or otherwise on how to implement Refelction for a single Field correctly ?

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  • ESXi with software iSCSI

    - by jharley
    Has anyone had any luck using the swiSCSI driver on ESXi? Following the instructions from VMWare.com I get to the point where I have the iSCSI HBA showing up but no LUNs/targets are showing up. The iSCSI target is running on Solaris 10 update 5 and works with other initiators fine. The ESXi initiator (from the logs) sees the targets but just logs in and out of them every 2 - 5 seconds. We're using unauthenticated discovery, and over and over in /var/log/messages I see: iSCSI: bus 0 target 0 trying to establish session 0xb203f90 to portal 0, address 10.1.100.9 port 3260 group 1 iSCSI: bus 0 target 0 establish session 0xb203f90 #4848 to port 0, address 10.1.100.9 port 3260 group 1, alias data/ESXi iSCSI: session 0xb203f90 dropping after receiving unexpected opcode 0x60 iSCSI: session 0xb203f90 to data/ESXi dropped iSCSI: session 0xb203f90 to data/ESXi waiting 2 seconds before next login attempt The only other thing that seems out of wack is that my 'Recent Tasks' pane keeps filling with 'Browse Diagnostic Manager' events and /var/log/vmware/hostd.log is filled with messages like this up to two times per second: [2008-09-19 16:05:57.901 'TaskManager' 196621 info] Task Created: haTask-ha-host-vim.DiagnosticManager.browser-776 [2008-09-19 16:05:57.094 'TaskManager' 196621 info] Task Completed: haTask-ha-host-vim.DiagnosticManager.browser-766 Any help would be appreciated.

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  • java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError thrown with my own packages in Android 1.5

    - by TiGer
    Hi, I have developed an application which has several packages within it's project... A class in one of those packages is called right away in the first line of code, which throws the dreaded java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError error... I don't get it, the package simply is within the project, and it works fine on my Android 1.6 device, but won't work with my 1.5 device... I do have to say that the project was originally set for 1.6, but then I changed the within the manifest from 4 to 3... Is that bad practice ? Or maybe it has nothing to do with the platform version ? Also I do get these lines as wel from the DDMS : 05-04 17:24:59.921: WARN/dalvikvm(2041): VFY: unable to resolve static field 2 (MANUFACTURER) in Landroid/os/Build; 05-04 17:24:59.921: WARN/dalvikvm(2041): VFY: rejecting opcode 0x62 at 0x0034 05-04 17:24:59.921: WARN/dalvikvm(2041): VFY: rejected Lmobilaria/android/managementModule/Management;.getDeviceSpecifics ()V 05-04 17:24:59.921: WARN/dalvikvm(2041): Verifier rejected class Lmobilaria/android/managementModule/Management; Thats the ManagementModule which also tries to retrieve several info-fields of the device itself... Again, this works just fine on the 1.6 device, even though thats a development device whilst my 1.5 device is a non-development device...

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