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• Resource Pool sharing in Hyper-V Virtual Machines

  - by user67905

  I understand that we can install Hyper-V on one server and run a number of Virtual Machines on it, upto the limit of resources of that server. I want to know if it is possible to install Hyper-V lumped on two or more servers, so that the Virtual Machines can use the underlying resources pool of both the servers? And also if that same is possible for an “n” number of servers, instead of just 2 servers.

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• In a Virtual Machine, is the Virtual Processor using RAM or part of the Processor?

  - by Jason H

  I am running a 15" MacBook Pro (2.66GHz) and 4GB of RAM. I am considering downgrading to a 13 MacBook Pro (2.4GHz) with 8GB of RAM. Most of what I do at work is through Windows and I need to run it virtually. So my real question is when running a virtual machine will the virtual processor be utilizing RAM or part of the hosts processor? My assumption is that it will utilize the allocated RAM but I have seen zero documentation to support that.

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• Virtual session on windows xp

  - by dotnet-practitioner

  What is the easiest way to install , setup, and run virtual session on my fresh install on my windows xp computer? I want to be able to browse , install a new software in a new virtual session instead of machine itself. What is available out there? What kind of software it would take and are there any free solutions out there? Easiest solution would be very helpful for me.

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• What's the relationship between meta-circular interpreters, virtual machines and increased performance?

  - by Gomi

  I've read about meta-circular interpreters on the web (including SICP) and I've looked into the code of some implementations (such as PyPy and Narcissus). I've read quite a bit about two languages which made great use of metacircular evaluation, Lisp and Smalltalk. As far as I understood Lisp was the first self-hosting compiler and Smalltalk had the first "true" JIT implementation. One thing I've not fully understood is how can those interpreters/compilers achieve so good performance or, in other words, why is PyPy faster than CPython? Is it because of reflection? And also, my Smalltalk research led me to believe that there's a relationship between JIT, virtual machines and reflection. Virtual Machines such as the JVM and CLR allow a great deal of type introspection and I believe they make great use it in Just-in-Time (and AOT, I suppose?) compilation. But as far as I know, Virtual Machines are kind of like CPUs, in that they have a basic instruction set. Are Virtual Machines efficient because they include type and reference information, which would allow language-agnostic reflection? I ask this because many both interpreted and compiled languages are now using bytecode as a target (LLVM, Parrot, YARV, CPython) and traditional VMs like JVM and CLR have gained incredible boosts in performance. I've been told that it's about JIT, but as far as I know JIT is nothing new since Smalltalk and Sun's own Self have been doing it before Java. I don't remember VMs performing particularly well in the past, there weren't many non-academic ones outside of JVM and .NET and their performance was definitely not as good as it is now (I wish I could source this claim but I speak from personal experience). Then all of a sudden, in the late 2000s something changed and a lot of VMs started to pop up even for established languages, and with very good performance. Was something discovered about the JIT implementation that allowed pretty much every modern VM to skyrocket in performance? A paper or a book maybe?

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• C++ virtual functions.Problem with vtable

  - by adivasile

  I'm doing a little project in C++ and I've come into some problems regarding virtual functions. I have a base class with some virtual functions: #ifndef COLLISIONSHAPE_H_ #define COLLISIONSHAPE_H_ namespace domino { class CollisionShape : public DominoItem { public: // CONSTRUCTOR //------------------------------------------------- // SETTERS //------------------------------------------------- // GETTERS //------------------------------------------------- virtual void GetRadius() = 0; virtual void GetPosition() = 0; virtual void GetGrowth(CollisionShape* other) = 0; virtual void GetSceneNode(); // OTHER //------------------------------------------------- virtual bool overlaps(CollisionShape* shape) = 0; }; } #endif /* COLLISIONSHAPE_H_ */ and a SphereShape class which extends CollisionShape and implements the methods above /* SphereShape.h */ #ifndef SPHERESHAPE_H_ #define SPHERESHAPE_H_ #include "CollisionShape.h" namespace domino { class SphereShape : public CollisionShape { public: // CONSTRUCTOR //------------------------------------------------- SphereShape(); SphereShape(CollisionShape* shape1, CollisionShape* shape2); // DESTRUCTOR //------------------------------------------------- ~SphereShape(); // SETTERS //------------------------------------------------- void SetPosition(); void SetRadius(); // GETTERS //------------------------------------------------- cl_float GetRadius(); cl_float3 GetPosition(); SceneNode* GetSceneNode(); cl_float GetGrowth(CollisionShape* other); // OTHER //------------------------------------------------- bool overlaps(CollisionShape* shape); }; } #endif /* SPHERESHAPE_H_ */ and the .cpp file: /*SphereShape.cpp*/ #include "SphereShape.h" #define max(a,b) (a>b?a:b) namespace domino { // CONSTRUCTOR //------------------------------------------------- SphereShape::SphereShape(CollisionShape* shape1, CollisionShape* shape2) { } // DESTRUCTOR //------------------------------------------------- SphereShape::~SphereShape() { } // SETTERS //------------------------------------------------- void SphereShape::SetPosition() { } void SphereShape::SetRadius() { } // GETTERS //------------------------------------------------- void SphereShape::GetRadius() { } void SphereShape::GetPosition() { } void SphereShape::GetSceneNode() { } void SphereShape::GetGrowth(CollisionShape* other) { } // OTHER //------------------------------------------------- bool SphereShape::overlaps(CollisionShape* shape) { return true; } } These classes, along some other get compiled into a shared library. Building libdomino.so g++ -m32 -lpthread -ldl -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglut -lGLU -lGL -shared -lSDKUtil -lglut -lGLEW -lOpenCL -L/home/adrian/AMD-APP-SDK-v2.4-lnx32/lib/x86 -L/home/adrian/AMD-APP-SDK-v2.4-lnx32/TempSDKUtil/lib/x86 -L"/home/adrian/AMD-APP-SDK-v2.4-lnx32/lib/x86" -lSDKUtil -lglut -lGLEW -lOpenCL -o build/debug/x86/libdomino.so build/debug/x86//Material.o build/debug/x86//Body.o build/debug/x86//SphereShape.o build/debug/x86//World.o build/debug/x86//Engine.o build/debug/x86//BVHNode.o When I compile the code that uses this library I get the following error: ../../../lib/x86//libdomino.so: undefined reference to `vtable for domino::CollisionShape' ../../../lib/x86//libdomino.so: undefined reference to `typeinfo for domino::CollisionShape' Command used to compile the demo that uses the library: g++ -o build/debug/x86/startdemo build/debug/x86//CMesh.o build/debug/x86//CSceneNode.o build/debug/x86//OFF.o build/debug/x86//Light.o build/debug/x86//main.o build/debug/x86//Camera.o -m32 -lpthread -ldl -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglut -lGLU -lGL -lSDKUtil -lglut -lGLEW -ldomino -lSDKUtil -lOpenCL -L/home/adrian/AMD-APP-SDK-v2.4-lnx32/lib/x86 -L/home/adrian/AMD-APP-SDK-v2.4-lnx32/TempSDKUtil/lib/x86 -L../../../lib/x86/ -L"/home/adrian/AMD-APP-SDK-v2.4-lnx32/lib/x86" (the -ldomino flag) And when I run the demo, I manually tell it about the library: LD_LIBRARY_PATH=../../lib/x86/:$AMDAPPSDKROOT/lib/x86:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH bin/x86/startdemo After reading a bit about virtual functions and virtual tables I understood that virtual tables are handled by the compiler and I shouldn't worry about it, so I'm a little bit confused on how to handle this issue. I'm using gcc version 4.6.0 20110530 (Red Hat 4.6.0-9) (GCC) Later edit: I'm really sorry, but I wrote the code by hand directly here. I have defined the return types in the code. I apologize to the 2 people that answered below. I have to mention that I am a beginner at using more complex project layouts in C++.By this I mean more complex makefiles, shared libraries, stuff like that.

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• Visitor and templated virtual methods

  - by Thomas Matthews

  In a typical implementation of the Visitor pattern, the class must account for all variations (descendants) of the base class. There are many instances where the same method content in the visitor is applied to the different methods. A templated virtual method would be ideal in this case, but for now, this is not allowed. So, can templated methods be used to resolve virtual methods of the parent class? Given (the foundation): struct Visitor_Base; // Forward declaration. struct Base { virtual accept_visitor(Visitor_Base& visitor) = 0; }; // More forward declarations struct Base_Int; struct Base_Long; struct Base_Short; struct Base_UInt; struct Base_ULong; struct Base_UShort; struct Visitor_Base { virtual void operator()(Base_Int& b) = 0; virtual void operator()(Base_Long& b) = 0; virtual void operator()(Base_Short& b) = 0; virtual void operator()(Base_UInt& b) = 0; virtual void operator()(Base_ULong& b) = 0; virtual void operator()(Base_UShort& b) = 0; }; struct Base_Int : public Base { void accept_visitor(Visitor_Base& visitor) { visitor(*this); } }; struct Base_Long : public Base { void accept_visitor(Visitor_Base& visitor) { visitor(*this); } }; struct Base_Short : public Base { void accept_visitor(Visitor_Base& visitor) { visitor(*this); } }; struct Base_UInt : public Base { void accept_visitor(Visitor_Base& visitor) { visitor(*this); } }; struct Base_ULong : public Base { void accept_visitor(Visitor_Base& visitor) { visitor(*this); } }; struct Base_UShort : public Base { void accept_visitor(Visitor_Base& visitor) { visitor(*this); } }; Now that the foundation is laid, here is where the kicker comes in (templated methods): struct Visitor_Cout : public Visitor { template <class Receiver> void operator() (Receiver& r) { std::cout << "Visitor_Cout method not implemented.\n"; } }; Intentionally, Visitor_Cout does not contain the keyword virtual in the method declaration. All the other attributes of the method signatures match the parent declaration (or perhaps specification). In the big picture, this design allows developers to implement common visitation functionality that differs only by the type of the target object (the object receiving the visit). The implementation above is my suggestion for alerts when the derived visitor implementation hasn't implement an optional method. Is this legal by the C++ specification? (I don't trust when some says that it works with compiler XXX. This is a question against the general language.)

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• Why does virtual assignment behave differently than other virtual functions of the same signature?

  - by David Rodríguez - dribeas

  While playing with implementing a virtual assignment operator I have ended with a funny behavior. It is not a compiler glitch, since g++ 4.1, 4.3 and VS 2005 share the same behavior. Basically, the virtual operator= behaves differently than any other virtual function with respect to the code that is actually being executed. struct Base { virtual Base& f( Base const & ) { std::cout << "Base::f(Base const &)" << std::endl; return *this; } virtual Base& operator=( Base const & ) { std::cout << "Base::operator=(Base const &)" << std::endl; return *this; } }; struct Derived : public Base { virtual Base& f( Base const & ) { std::cout << "Derived::f(Base const &)" << std::endl; return *this; } virtual Base& operator=( Base const & ) { std::cout << "Derived::operator=( Base const & )" << std::endl; return *this; } }; int main() { Derived a, b; a.f( b ); // [0] outputs: Derived::f(Base const &) (expected result) a = b; // [1] outputs: Base::operator=(Base const &) Base & ba = a; Base & bb = b; ba = bb; // [2] outputs: Derived::operator=(Base const &) Derived & da = a; Derived & db = b; da = db; // [3] outputs: Base::operator=(Base const &) ba = da; // [4] outputs: Derived::operator=(Base const &) da = ba; // [5] outputs: Derived::operator=(Base const &) } The effect is that the virtual operator= has a different behavior than any other virtual function with the same signature ([0] compared to [1]), by calling the Base version of the operator when called through real Derived objects ([1]) or Derived references ([3]) while it does perform as a regular virtual function when called through Base references ([2]), or when either the lvalue or rvalue are Base references and the other a Derived reference ([4],[5]). Is there any sensible explanation to this odd behavior?

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• Can't ping my Window 7 machine from within a Windows XP virtual machine

  - by Jonathan Conway

  I have Windows 7 installed as my primary operating system, on a laptop that's on my home network (wireless). I'm using Microsoft Virtual PC 2007 SP1 to run a virtual machine of Windows XP SP3, in which I want to access the Windows 7 instance, both to browse a shared folder and access the local Apache server. So far I can ping my Windows 7 IP address (IPv4) and access the apache server through the web browser through HTTP. However using my machine name never seems to work. Pinging it fails, and I can't access my apache server using it either. The problem seems to be something to do with my machine's name being registered under IPv6 rather than IPv4. I'm at a loss what to do. Should I try to set up IPv6 on the virtual machine? Not sure how to go about that. Or maybe I should somehow get my machine name on Windows 7 to work with IPv4? Although I think it already does, because I can ping it from a separate box (running Ubuntu), which is only registered under IPv6.

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• Simulated NAT Traversal on Virtual Box

  - by Sumit Arora

  I have installed virtual box ( with Two virtual Adapters(NAT-type)) - Host (Ubuntu -10.10) - Guest-Opensuse-11.4 . Objective : Trying to simulate all four types of NAT as defined here : https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/TOP/NAT+Traversal+Testing Simulating the various kinds of NATs can be done using Linux iptables. In these examples, eth0 is the private network and eth1 is the public network. Full-cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i eth0 -j DNAT --to-destination Restricted cone iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p tcp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat POSTROUTING -o eth1 -p udp -j SNAT --to-source iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p tcp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -t nat PREROUTING -i eth1 -p udp -j DNAT --to-destination iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p tcp -m state --state NEW -j DROP iptables -A INPUT -i eth1 -p udp -m state --state NEW -j DROP Port-restricted cone iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source Symmentric echo "1" /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables --flush iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth1 -j MASQUERADE --random iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT What I did : OpenSuse guest with Two Virtual adapters - eth0 and eth1 -- eth1 with address 10.0.3.15 /eth1:1 as 10.0.3.16 -- eth0 with address 10.0.2.15 now running stund(http://sourceforge.net/projects/stun/) client/server : Server eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./server -v -h 10.0.3.15 -a 10.0.3.16 Client eKimchi@linux-6j9k:~/sw/stun/stund ./client -v 10.0.3.15 -i 10.0.2.15 On all Four Cases It is giving same results : test I = 1 test II = 1 test III = 1 test I(2) = 1 is nat = 0 mapped IP same = 1 hairpin = 1 preserver port = 1 Primary: Open Return value is 0x000001 Q-1 :Please let me know If any has ever done, It should behave like NAT as per description but nowhere it working as a NAT. Q-2: How NAT Implemented in Home routers (Usually Port Restricted), but those also pre-configured iptables rules and tuned Linux

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• "Error: Unknown error" when trying to start virtual machine from VMware server

  - by slhck

  Problem We are running VMware Server 2.0.0 build-116503 on a Ubuntu 10.04 LTS server. There is a virtual machine installed, running Lotus Domino on Windows Server 2003. Ever since a sudden power failure last week, the virtual machine won't properly start up. When I run the command: vmrun -T server -h https://127.0.0.1:8333/sdk -u root -p jk2x2208 start "[standard] lotus/test.vmx" … after 30 seconds it displays: Error: Unknown error That's about everything I get. I know the command is right, since that's what we've used all the time. This has happened last Saturday after a scheduled backup shutdown, and somehow I was able to start it again. This week, it happened again, and I can't get it back up. Occasionally, I also get: Error: Cannot connect to the virtual machine When I get this, and I run the start command, it seemingly works. Why is this so random? Which configuration could have been messed up? What I've tried / other info I already shut down VMware itself with /etc/init.d/vmware stop. This works. I tried to start VMware again with /etc/init.d/vmware start. It complains that it's "not configured", which is why I had to rm /etc/vmware/not_configured, and then try to start again. There have been no software updates on the machine, and no configuration changes

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• virtual web folder served by PHP script

  - by Martin

  I am trying to configure my apache to be able to display (virtual) pages like: mywebpage.com/something1 mywebpage.com/something2 mywebpage.com/folder/something3 I would like these "somethingX" and "folder" folders to be only virtual, not physical directories. For a start it would be great to send all requests to mywebpage to one PHP script which will somehow receive the original path information (there is some SERVER array as far as I know) and call necessary PHP functions (so far I use addresses like mywebpage.com/index.php?page=blabla&otherparameters=values...). Is that possible? I am struggling with different combination, currently I am with following file in /etc/apache2/conf.d/something.conf (not working of course). What is the correct way to proceed? Thanks. <Location /myweb> SetHandler my-handler Action my-handler /srv/www/htdocs/myweb/product.php virtual </Location> My pages are in /srv/www/htdocs/myweb. I tried with Location, with Directory, with Action and SetHandler, with AddHandler... ;-) Some configurations were ignored, some caused "object not found" with nothing relevant in error log.

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• Deploying multiple identical copies of a virtual machine for compute tasks

  - by Reid

  I have a compute task which has a large number of library dependencies. I would like to deploy it on some of my company's large Linux clusters, where I do not have root. I could probably track down, compile, and install the right versions of all the libraries, but this looks to be quite tedious and would have to be repeated if I deployed it again somewhere else. On the other hand, it's pretty easy to install on current Ubuntu. This led me to wonder about a virtual machine approach. Could I put together a virtual machine which booted up, ran the computation (with parameters from and results to the host), and then shut down? In other words, I'd like a command like this that I could run on the host: $ ./run-vm --ram N --task /path/on/host/foo.sh --results /another/host/dir/ This would boot the VM, run foo.sh, and put the (relatively small) results of the computation in /another/host/dir/. It's important to start up many instances of the VM simultaneously, both on a single node and multiple nodes of the cluster. So it would be nice if I didn't have to make many copies of the VM virtual disk and metadata. As the task instances are completely independent, the VMs would not need any network support once deployed, or any outside communications beyond reading and writing the host filesystem. Is this possible, and if so, how might I go about doing it? Are there assumptions I've made above which are bogus?

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• Virtual Server HDD shrinks without apparent reason

  - by Christian

  We have a virtual hosted Linux server, and in the last few months every now and then the HDD shrinks from 400GB down to the exact byte count that is in use. All existing data can be downloaded and displayed without a problem, but we can't upload or edit any files because of the "full" hard drive. Here is a screenshot, where "size" should be 400GB: This has happened twice before, and again today. The last times, when I reported the issue to the host, they said "that isn't possible, you must be doing it wrong", but soon after the call, the problem vanished without us doing anything, so I suppose that they have some kind of problem they're not willing to admit. Even after the fact, they acted like nothing was wrong and wrote me a mail in which they explained that I can use "df -h" to view available disk space (well duh, how do you think I noticed this particular issue?). Questions about if and what they had done were ignored. It has happened around the 25th to 28th of the month, so I suspect that they might have a cronjob running every 30 days or so which wreaks havoc with some VM configs. I just want to understand the problem, but the host support hasn't been very helpful in that regard. I have tried Googling the issue, but any combination of search terms I can come up with just gives me tutorials on how to change HDD size in a virtual machine. a) What could be the cause of shrinking HDD size in a Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS server? Could there be anything in our virtual machine or is it more likely to be an issue with the vm host? b) Can I do anything about it without needing to contact the host's support? c) Is there anyway I can prevent this from happening at all?

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• Win7 XP mode install fails with cryptic error

  - by MAW74656

  Trying to install XPmode on Win7 Professional 64-bit SP1, but getting an error. I downloaded XPMode, Virtual PC and the update as specified here: http://www.microsoft.com/windows/virtual-pc/download.aspx. When I open XP mode for the first time it goes into the setup ("Setting up Windows XP Mode for first use..."; pick your VM password, etc.), then it runs through the progress bar until almost the end (99%?). At that point I get the error: Could not complete Setup. Please try again. Whats going on here? I've uninstalled Virtual PC and xpmode, and reinstalled in several different orders, no luck. Is there some log file that will tell me whats happening? Theres nothing showing up in the Event log that I can find. How can I fix this?

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• Is there a virtual printer to output an Open Office doc to multiple images (jpg, png etc)?

  - by fred.bear

  I'm after a virtual printer which takes each page of "printed" output and converts into multiple images (one image for each page)... eg. .jpg, or .png, etc.. I'm specifically looking for something to work with Open-Office Writer, but I assume that such a virtual printer would work across the board for any app which can send its output to a "printer". Is there such a thing in the Ubuntu repository? PS. I want one "normal" picture image per page.. ie Many images are output. ...(like the Snagit virtual printer in Windows)

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• virtual keyword in different scenarios

  - by Mahesh

  I figured out 2 different meanings for virtual based on the situation it is being used. If a baseClass has a function defined virtual, then the derivedClass is going to override the function. The baseClass::~baseClass() should be defined virtual, if there is any class derived from it. Here it means, the derived class destruction first takes place followed by base class destruction. Are there any other situations where virtual hold a different meaning ?

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• Behavior of virtual function in C++

  - by Summer_More_More_Tea

  Hi everyone: I have a question, here are two class below: class Base{ public: virtual void toString(); // generic implementation } class Derive : public Base{ public: ( virtual ) void toString(); // specific implementation } The question is: If I wanna subclass of class Derive perform polymophism using a pointer of type Base, is keyword virtual in the bracket necessary? If the answer is no, what's the difference between member function toString of class Derive with and without virtual?

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• Make vmware virtual machine from HDD with bad sectros

  - by mike1616

  I have a notebook with a bad HDD (it has bad sectors). I would like make a virtual disk with VMware workstation from this computer. I installed VMware Workstation & VMware vCenter Converter Standalone Client on this notebook, then I used virtualize a physical machine. It started procedure but at 38% I got this error: FAILED: An error occurred during the conversion: 'BlockLevelVolumeCloneMgr::CloneVolume: Detected a write error during the cloning of volume \WindowsBitmapDriverVolumeId=[39-06-3A-06-00-02-13-4C-1D-00-00-00]. Error: 209 (type: 1, code: 13)' I Googled it and I think it means that I have bad sectors on the HDD. How can I solve this problem and make a virtual machine from HDD with bad sectors?

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• Windows7 and Virtual PC guest copy/paste intermittent delay

  - by James

  I've been using Virtual PC for some time now and have not had any issues with copy and paste until I upgraded my host to Windows7 64-bit. After the upgrade sometimes when I copy and paste some text there is like a 15-20 second delay before it completes, this is very frustrating when I'm trying to get my work done. The problem seems to be intermittent in nature, it seems to occur when I have not done a copy paste for a while. After the delay occurs copy and paste seem to work at normal speed until I don't copy and paste for a good length of time. My question is, is there any solutions or patches that can fix this copy/paste issue for virtual PC running in a 64-bit windows7 host?

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• To see virtual filesystems in Ubuntu

  - by Masi

  How can you see the virtual filesystems at root? They should be /proc and /dev.

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• Microsoft Virtual PC maximum hard disk PC

  - by Kanini

  What is the maximum space that I can allocate on a MS Virtual PC 2007?

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• install win 7 64 bit on virtual box running on win 7 32 bit

  - by Nrew

  Is it possible to install win 7 64 bit on virtual box running on win 7 32 bit?

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• Forgot Microsoft Virtual PC's password

  - by Kanini

  I have a Microsoft Virtual PC on which I run Windows 2003 Server. I am right now in the system, but have forgotten the password. So, while I can continue to work now, if I were to lock the computer or shut it down, I am locked out. Questions How can I ensure that the Virtual PC automatic lock does not happen? (Giving me time to try and remember the password or for future users, to look up this question!) How can I find out/reset my password?

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• Unable to receive any emails using postfix, dovecot, mysql, and virtual domain/mailboxes

  - by stkdev248

  I have been working on configuring my mail server for the last couple of weeks using postfix, dovecot, and mysql. I have one virtual domain and a few virtual mailboxes. Using squirrelmail I have been able to log into my accounts and send emails out (e.g. I can send to googlemail just fine), however I am not able to receive any emails--not from the outside world nor from within my own network. I am able to telnet in using localhost, my private ip, and my public ip on port 25 without any problems (I've tried it from the server itself and from another computer on my network). This is what I get in my logs when I send an email from my googlemail account to my mail server: mail.log Apr 14 07:36:06 server1 postfix/qmgr[1721]: BE01B520538: from=, size=733, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Apr 14 07:36:06 server1 postfix/pipe[3371]: 78BC0520510: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=45421, delays=45421/0/0/0.13, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied) Apr 14 07:36:06 server1 postfix/pipe[3391]: 8261B520534: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=38036, delays=38036/0.06/0/0.12, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) Apr 14 07:36:06 server1 postfix/pipe[3378]: 63927520532: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=38105, delays=38105/0.02/0/0.17, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) Apr 14 07:36:06 server1 postfix/pipe[3375]: 07F65520522: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=39467, delays=39467/0.01/0/0.17, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) Apr 14 07:36:06 server1 postfix/pipe[3381]: EEDE9520527: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=38361, delays=38360/0.04/0/0.15, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) Apr 14 07:36:06 server1 postfix/pipe[3379]: 67DFF520517: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=40475, delays=40475/0.03/0/0.16, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) Apr 14 07:36:06 server1 postfix/pipe[3387]: 3C7A052052E: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=38259, delays=38259/0.05/0/0.13, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) Apr 14 07:36:06 server1 postfix/pipe[3394]: BE01B520538: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=37682, delays=37682/0.07/0/0.11, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) Apr 14 07:36:07 server1 postfix/pipe[3384]: 3C7A052052E: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=38261, delays=38259/0.04/0/1.3, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) Apr 14 07:39:23 server1 postfix/anvil[3368]: statistics: max connection rate 1/60s for (smtp:209.85.213.169) at Apr 14 07:35:32 Apr 14 07:39:23 server1 postfix/anvil[3368]: statistics: max connection count 1 for (smtp:209.85.213.169) at Apr 14 07:35:32 Apr 14 07:39:23 server1 postfix/anvil[3368]: statistics: max cache size 1 at Apr 14 07:35:32 Apr 14 07:41:06 server1 postfix/qmgr[1721]: ED6005203B7: from=, size=1463, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Apr 14 07:41:06 server1 postfix/pipe[4594]: ED6005203B7: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=334, delays=334/0.01/0/0.13, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) Apr 14 07:51:06 server1 postfix/qmgr[1721]: ED6005203B7: from=, size=1463, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Apr 14 07:51:06 server1 postfix/pipe[4604]: ED6005203B7: to=, relay=dovecot, delay=933, delays=933/0.02/0/0.12, dsn=4.3.0, status=deferred (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ) mail-dovecot-log (the log I set for debugging): Apr 14 07:28:26 auth: Info: mysql(127.0.0.1): Connected to database postfixadmin Apr 14 07:28:26 auth: Debug: sql([email protected],127.0.0.1): query: SELECT password FROM mailbox WHERE username = '[email protected]' Apr 14 07:28:26 auth: Debug: client out: OK 1 [email protected] Apr 14 07:28:26 auth: Debug: master in: REQUEST 1809973249 3356 1 7cfb822db820fc5da67d0776b107cb3f Apr 14 07:28:26 auth: Debug: sql([email protected],127.0.0.1): SELECT '/home/vmail/mydomain.com/some.user1' as home, 5000 AS uid, 5000 AS gid FROM mailbox WHERE username = '[email protected]' Apr 14 07:28:26 auth: Debug: master out: USER 1809973249 [email protected] home=/home/vmail/mydomain.com/some.user1 uid=5000 gid=5000 Apr 14 07:28:26 imap-login: Info: Login: user=, method=PLAIN, rip=127.0.0.1, lip=127.0.0.1, mpid=3360, secured Apr 14 07:28:26 imap([email protected]): Debug: Effective uid=5000, gid=5000, home=/home/vmail/mydomain.com/some.user1 Apr 14 07:28:26 imap([email protected]): Debug: maildir++: root=/home/vmail/mydomain.com/some.user1/Maildir, index=/home/vmail/mydomain.com/some.user1/Maildir/indexes, control=, inbox=/home/vmail/mydomain.com/some.user1/Maildir Apr 14 07:48:31 imap([email protected]): Info: Disconnected: Logged out bytes=85/681 From the output above I'm pretty sure that my problems all stem from (temporary failure. Command output: Can't open log file /var/log/mail-dovecot.log: Permission denied ), but I have no idea why I'm getting that error. I've have the permissions to that log set just like the other mail logs: root@server1:~# ls -l /var/log/mail* -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 196653 2012-04-14 07:58 /var/log/mail-dovecot.log -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 62778 2012-04-13 21:04 /var/log/mail.err -rw-r----- 1 syslog adm 497767 2012-04-14 08:01 /var/log/mail.log Does anyone have any idea what I may be doing wrong? Here are my main.cf and master.cf files: main.cf: # See /usr/share/postfix/main.cf.dist for a commented, more complete version # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = server1.mydomain.com alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all # Virtual Configs virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf relay_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_relay_domains.cf smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unauth_destination, reject_unauth_pipelining, reject_invalid_hostname smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous virtual_transport=dovecot dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 master.cf: # # Postfix master process configuration file. For details on the format # of the file, see the master(5) manual page (command: "man 5 master"). # # Do not forget to execute "postfix reload" after editing this file. # # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd #smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen #smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd #dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog #tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy #submission inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}

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• Virtual memory on Linux doesn't add up?

  - by Brendan Long

  I was looking at System Monitor on Linux and noticed that Firefox is using 441 MB of memory, and several other applications are using 274, 257, 232, etc (adding up to over 3 GB of virtual memory). So I switch over to the Resources tab, and it says I'm using 462 MB of memory and not touching swap. I'm confused. What does the virtual memory amount mean then if the programs aren't actually using it. I was thinking maybe memory they've requested but aren't using, but how would the OS know that? I can't think of any "I might need this much memory in the future" function..

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