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  • What postgresql client version should I build against, if server is 8.x?

    - by Ben Voigt
    I'm planning updates to a system that is currently running with 8.x server on Windows, 8.x client on Windows, and 8.x client on Linux. Obviously that seems like a bad choice of platform in a mixed environment, but the Linux machine has no persistent writable storage (as an anti-rootkit measure). I'm concerned with compatibility between versions right now. Can a linux postgresql 9.0.x client connect to a Windows 8.x server? The server is using some third-party binary extensions, so upgrading it is a more involved task and will be done later. If combining a 9.0.x client and 8.x server is discouraged, would latest 8.x clients be able to continue to connect if I did upgrade the server first? META: What tag is appropriate for backward-compatibility questions?

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  • How to make changes in linux maintence mode

    - by Jack
    I notice when Linux boots in maintenance mode the filesystem is read-only. Is there a way to change this, perhaps remounting as writable? An example of this being a problem is that I was unable to open vi because there were too many session files.... Not to mention it would be nice to actually fix problems.... What are you meant to be able to do if you can't make any changes to the filesystem? What kind of maintenance can be expected?

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  • GitLab on a fresh Ubuntu 13 EC2 instance

    - by Polly
    I've spun up a fresh Amazon EC2 instance for a micro Ubuntu 13 server to be used as a GitLab server. I know the specs are a little low, but it should serve well for my purposes. It has an elastic (static) IP address that I have created an A record for git.mydomain.com. The first thing I did to the instance was add 1GB of swap to keep it happy from a memory perspective. I then set the hostname of the box to be git.mydomain.com and followed https://github.com/gitlabhq/gitlabhq/blob/6-2-stable/doc/install/installation.md to the letter. Everything seems to have worked, except for the web server side of things. Doing a gitlab:check shows the following: Checking Environment ... Git configured for git user? ... yes Has python2? ... yes python2 is supported version? ... yes Checking Environment ... Finished Checking GitLab Shell ... GitLab Shell version >= 1.7.4 ? ... OK (1.7.4) Repo base directory exists? ... yes Repo base directory is a symlink? ... no Repo base owned by git:git? ... yes Repo base access is drwxrws---? ... yes update hook up-to-date? ... yes update hooks in repos are links: ... can't check, you have no projects Running /home/git/gitlab-shell/bin/check Check GitLab API access: /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:878:in `initialize': Connection refused - connect(2) (Errno::ECONNREFUSED) from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:878:in `open' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:878:in `block in connect' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/timeout.rb:52:in `timeout' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:877:in `connect' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:862:in `do_start' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.0.0/net/http.rb:851:in `start' from /home/git/gitlab-shell/lib/gitlab_net.rb:62:in `get' from /home/git/gitlab-shell/lib/gitlab_net.rb:29:in `check' from /home/git/gitlab-shell/bin/check:11:in `<main>' gitlab-shell self-check failed Try fixing it: Make sure GitLab is running; Check the gitlab-shell configuration file: sudo -u git -H editor /home/git/gitlab-shell/config.yml Please fix the error above and rerun the checks. Checking GitLab Shell ... Finished Checking Sidekiq ... Running? ... yes Number of Sidekiq processes ... 1 Checking Sidekiq ... Finished Checking GitLab ... Database config exists? ... yes Database is SQLite ... no All migrations up? ... yes GitLab config exists? ... yes GitLab config outdated? ... no Log directory writable? ... yes Tmp directory writable? ... yes Init script exists? ... yes Init script up-to-date? ... yes projects have namespace: ... can't check, you have no projects Projects have satellites? ... can't check, you have no projects Redis version >= 2.0.0? ... yes Your git bin path is "/usr/bin/git" Git version >= 1.7.10 ? ... yes (1.8.3) Checking GitLab ... Finished It seems like I'm very nearly there. Searching on this error I have only found advice that unfortunately hasn't helped. I'm not using any kind of SSL setup, which a lot of the posts I found were about. I have tried appending 127.0.0.1 git.mydomain.com to /etc/hosts and giving the instance a reboot but there was no change. My config/gitlab.yml file has host: git.mydomain.com in it, and my gitlab-shell/config.yml has gitlab_url: "http://git.mydomain.com/" in it. I'm sure I'm missing something simple, but I've been through every relevant link I can find and have had no positive results; thank you in advance for any help!

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  • Wrong owner and group for files created under a samba shared directory

    - by agmao
    I am trying to make writing to a shared samba directory work. I got a very weird problem. Now the shared directory is writable from a client machine. But the files created under the samba share directory have weird owner and group names. I am writing to the shared directory as user mike under the client machine, but the file created always has user and group name as steve instead... Does anybody know why that would happen...? Another thing I just noticed is that on the samba server, the files have owner and user name as samba, which I created for samba clients. Thanks a lot

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  • Samba groups not working

    - by Josh
    I am trying to get samba working with groups. I am using CentOS. #sswords = yes lanman auth = no null passwords = no hosts allow = 129.130.155. netbios name = a server server string = base PHP server [team$] path= /var/www writable = yes valid users = @team force group = @team I have created a few users in linux, and added them to a group called team using groupadd -a -g username. I the attempted to login and got a NT_STATUS_NO_SUCH_GROUP. If I comment out the two last lines in the config it works, but I wish to have group ownership and prefer just to be able to add users to a group in Linux and for it to work with the samba.

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  • File permission set to 644 and wordpress cannot access them?

    - by Joel
    Hi everyone, I'm having problems with WordPress not be able to access files. When installing certain themes and plugins, it comes up with an error saying that it cannot create the directory. When I try to edit style.css it says that I need to make that file writable. The file permissions were set to 644. It wouldn't work until I changed the settings to 777 or 776. WordPress was installed by our local ISP. Anyone got any ideas? It seems that WordPress has not been setup properly. Is there anyway I can fix this without reinstalling the whole thing? Thanks, Joel

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  • Create network shares via command line with specific permissions

    - by Derek
    This is sort of a two-pronged question. I am developing an application that will need to be able to create network shares in Windows Server 2003 via the command line. So, firstly, how do I create shares in Windows via the command line? I tried researching it, and all I was able to find is that I should be using net, but other than that, there isn't much documentation. Also, in this share there will be a few directories with the names of users on the domain, and I would like for the directories to not be readable or writable by anyone else. For example, say I have two directories: jsmith and jdoe. I would like the user jsmith to write and read from the directory jsmith, but not the directory called jdoe, and vice versa.

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  • -w test on OS X gives command not found error

    - by RobV
    I'm writing a bash script which I'm testing on OS X though it will ultimately run on a standard Linux environment and running into a weird error. I have tests like this in my script: if [ ! -w $BP ]; then echo "'$1' not writable" exit 1 fi Which seems pretty sane to me and works fine under Linux but when trying to test on OS X I get the following error message: startSvr.sh: line 135: [: missing `]' startSvr.sh: line 135: -w: command not found So is this a case of OS X not supporting the -w test or is there some other reason this isn't working for me? e.g. environment

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  • How to allow Mac OS X's native Apache/PHP installation to access WebServer directories?

    - by Martin Bean
    I have a problem bugging me with Mac OS X's native Apache/PHP installation. With my PHP scripts, I have to alter the file permissions on each folder I want to access. For example, in an upload script I would have to set the destination directory to 'read & write' for the group 'everyone'. However, I believe this is not the best practice and would like all of my directories to be readily writable to PHP. My scripts are stored in /Library/WebServer/Documents/, which is Mac OS X's default directory to serve web pages locally.

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  • File/folder Write/Delete wise, is my server secure?

    - by acidzombie24
    I wanted to know if someone got access to my server by using a nonroot account, how much damage can he do? After i su someuser I used this command to find all files and folders that are writeable. find / -writable >> list.txt Here is the result. Its most /dev/something and /proc/something and these /var/lock /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock /var/tmp /var/lib/php5 Is my system secure? /var/tmp makes sense but i am unsure why this user has write access to those folders. Should i change them? stat /var/lib/php5 gives me 1733 which is odd. Why write access? why no read? is this some kind of weird use of a temp file?

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  • Startup script for Windows Recovery Environment?

    - by Recovery
    I'm trying to automate the Windows 7 Recovery Environment. I want the computer to be able to boot into the Recovery Environment, automatically run some commands, and then restart back into Windows. The reason for this is that I want to use the Recovery Environment to edit some system files that are not writable while Windows is running. (Of course, this could be done using GRUB and Linux, but it would be even better if one could use the built-in Windows Recovery Environment and avoid the need to install a separate bootloader and OS.) So far, I've found out how to tell Windows 7 to reboot into the recovery environment: reagentc /boottore shutdown /r /t 0 But once the Recovery Environment loads, it opens a dialog that requires user input to continue. Instead of that dialog, I would like to be able to specify a script to run instead. Any ideas on how to accomplish this would be appreciated. Thanks!

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  • How to give write permissions to multiple users?

    - by Daniel Rikowski
    I have a web server and I'm uploading files using an FTP client. Because of that the owner and the group of the file are taken from the user used during the upload. Now I have to make this file writable by the web server (apache/apache). One way would be to just change the owner and the group of the uploaded file to apache/apache, but that way I cannot modify the file using the FTP account. Another way would be to give the file 777 permissions. Both approaches seem not very professional and a little bit risky. Are there any other options? In Windows I can just add another user to the file. Can something similar done with Linux?

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  • How to "paint" the data layer of a CD using a CD drive?

    - by Jens
    I am looking for software to "paint" geometric shapes, dots or lines on the data layer of a writable CD (or DVD) using a standard drive. These do not have to be visible to the naked eye; I'd try to abuse the small dot size on the CD for some scientific measurements. I am aware of the "LightScribe" feature of some drives and that is not what I am looking for. Most of the software available is of course limited to write music or data, on does not offer the low-level "place a dot at this radius, this angle"-functionality. Is there something out there for me?

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  • Hiding samba share from browse list for unauthorised users

    - by karlbright
    Hey Guys, I have been trying to setup my samba shares correctly. The setup i was looking for was having a couple of shares available publicly, guest accounts are ok and can browse these shares all ok. I have this setup correctly. The problem comes when setting up a share that only certain users can view, although i have setup a share that will only allow certain users to access. I havent been able to hide this share from guests. I had a look into the browseable = yes option but this hides it from everyone, including the users that have logged in. Any idea on how to tackle this? The setup i have for this private share is follows: [private] comment = private share for certain users path = /media/drive/private create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 writable = yes public = no users = admin

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  • Git SSH RSA keys

    - by Michael
    I thought I set up my key pairs correctly -- I can do git pulls. I can do git commits. But when I do a git push, it counts objects, decompresses, then says: fatal: the remote end hung up unexpectedly. What's the issue here? I'm a super user, so it's not folder writable / readable access problems -- it must be the way I set up the encryption key pair... how do I debug this ... since git pull works?

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  • Scaling web application with SQL Server 2008 database

    - by John
    I have a database which has 90% of read only tables. 10% of the tables has writable data. We need to scale the ASP.NET application.We need to add more users who will not be writing to the database. We are thinking of adding another server and routing the users who need read only access to that server. Is there a way to replicate just some tables to another database server. Since the 90% of data doesnt change, we don't want to setup any full database replication. Please advise.

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  • Creating block devices for openstack deployment using MAAS and juju (nova-volume deployment)

    - by Tom Van Hoof
    Hi, I'm currently trying to get a openstack deployment working by using MAAS with 9 nodes and juju. To do this I found this guide, working with ubuntu 12.04 LTS https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuCloudInfrastructure and followed it as good as I can. After a vigorous amount of trial and error I finally got to the point where I'm supposed to deploy nova-volume using the "custom" config file. However when my node is started and shows up as running in the "juju status" report the service reports the installation failed. I'm trying to install with juju jitsu by the way. I think it has something to do with the following statement in the openstack.cfg file : nova-volume: # This must be a free block device that is writable on the nova-volume host. block-device: "xvdb" overwrite: "true" I did some research and found that (at least I think) this refers to a Xen Virtual Drive/device, and because the device is not present on the node it's being deployed to, the installation fails. What I don't understand is how I am supposed to have such a block device available on a machine which was completely managed by MAAS. Does anyone here have any experience with this and knows of a way to solve this, or am I missing something big here. Some kind of missing link between the MAAS and a separate XEN host ? My MAAS server is ubuntu 12.04LTS Server. All help is welcome. Kind regards, Tom

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  • Changing Endpoint URL for a Web Service Data Control

    - by vishal.s.jain(at)oracle.com
    When you move your application from Development to Production, there is more often then not, a need to change the web service endpoint URL in your ADF application. If you are using a Web Service Data Control(WSDC), you can do this in more than one ways. The following example illustrates how this can be done.At Design TimeIf the application workspace is in your control, you can quickly do this by updating the definition in DataControl.dcx file:Along with this, you will also need to change the endpoint in connections.xml. So invoke the Edit Connections dialog: Then, change the endpoint URL.At DeploymentAnother way to change is changing the endpoint at the ear level, at deployment. So when you select Deploy -> Application Server at the Application level, it will bring up a Deployment Configuration dialog, in which you can edit the WSDL URL:Also, change the Port URL:At Post DeploymentIf your need to change this post deployment, you can do it through Oracle Enterprise Manager. But for this, your application needs to be configured with a writable MDS repository. It is recommended you use a Database MDS store during deployment. So have your application configured (by having an entry in adf-config.xml) and server configured (by having a MDS store registered). Once done, you can configure the ADF Connection in EM for this application:Change the WSDL location here on 'Edit':Also, change the Port using Advance Connection Configuration:Change the Endpoint Address here:Apply Changes and you are done!

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  • USB Device first mounted as root, then by user

    - by Petr Marek
    When I connect my Kindle, it shows up as an usb0 media, which I can read but not write (owner = root). However, if I do sudo umount /media/usb0, usb0 gets unmounted and a Kindle media gets mounted properly (is writable etc.). What can cause such strange behavior? It's not only with Kindle, but with Flash drives etc. as well. My /etc/fstab: # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda2 during installation UUID=595815c2-d882-4ec8-a2cd-cce70471167c / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot was on /dev/sda6 during installation #UUID=1340a336-66ca-4743-a6e4-41a307af2dda /boot ext4 defaults 0 3 # swap was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=afa49f1d-d505-4166-82a2-2f44548a48c6 none swap sw 0 0 UUID=deb86039-528a-45f3-b5f9-ce528740c94e /data_hdd ext4 defaults 0 2 My groups: petr@sova:~$ groups petr petr : petr adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev fuse lpadmin sambashare bumblebee

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  • no way to use opendns on pppoe connection?

    - by magisterludi
    I have an old speedtouch usb modem (revision 0) and on my desktop with xubuntu 12.04 I've configured a pppoe connection. I can connect and my ISP assign an IP address and the DNS but the primary DNS address is not reachable by ping, the secondary yes but no address is resolved then I can't surf the web. Then I want to set the open DNS but there is bo way, if I change manually /etc/resolv.conf it is rewrited by some script (there is the flag usepeerdns on the configuration script, if I exclude it there is no way to assign any DNS server because resolv.conf is not read) also if I set not writable the file changing the default permission. I changed dhclient.conf with the code prepend domain-name-servers 208.67.222.222,208.67.220.220; and now if I connect by a wifi connection to my router I'm using openDNS server but ppp does not use this script as long as I can see and the DNS server is always setted by my ISP. How can I use set DNS manually to a PPP connection? Is there any way to change it after the connection? Why NetworkManager is not able to manage my dsl connection, it seems not able to manage the dsl usb cable modem. If I use pppoeconf NetworkManager doesn't start and I have to manually delete the lines added to /etc/network/interfaces because the system is not able to start with full configuration of network If I connect a modem-router to the same line I can surf with the DNS server assigned by my ISP, I can't figure why. Some suggestion? Thanks to all

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  • Java MapReduce read data

    - by Tatiana
    Hi I am having following map-reduce code by which I am trying to read records from my database. There's code: import java.io.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*; import org.apache.hadoop.io.*; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.*; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.db.DBConfiguration; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.db.DBInputFormat; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.db.DBWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.util.*; import org.apache.hadoop.conf.*; public class Connection extends Configured implements Tool { public int run(String[] args) throws IOException { JobConf conf = new JobConf(getConf(), Connection.class); conf.setInputFormat(DBInputFormat.class); DBConfiguration.configureDB(conf, "com.sun.java.util.jar.pack.Driver", "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/polyclinic", "postgres", "12345"); String[] fields = { "name" }; DBInputFormat.setInput(conf, MyRecord.class, "doctors", null, null, fields); conf.setMapOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class); conf.setMapOutputValueClass(MyRecord.class); conf.setOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class); conf.setOutputValueClass(TextOutputFormat.class); TextOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path(args[0])); JobClient.runJob(conf); return 0; } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int exitCode = ToolRunner.run(new Connection(), args); System.exit(exitCode); } } Class Mapper: import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.MapReduceBase; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Mapper; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.OutputCollector; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.Reporter; public class MyMapper extends MapReduceBase implements Mapper<LongWritable, MyRecord, Text, IntWritable> { public void map(LongWritable key, MyRecord val, OutputCollector<Text, IntWritable> output, Reporter reporter) throws IOException { output.collect(new Text(val.name), new IntWritable(1)); } } Class Record: import java.io.DataInput; import java.io.DataOutput; import java.io.IOException; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text; import org.apache.hadoop.io.Writable; import org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.db.DBWritable; class MyRecord implements Writable, DBWritable { String name; public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException { this.name = Text.readString(in); } public void readFields(ResultSet resultSet) throws SQLException { this.name = resultSet.getString(1); } public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException { } public void write(PreparedStatement stmt) throws SQLException { } } After this I got error: WARN mapred.JobClient: No job jar file set. User classes may not be found. See JobConf(Class) or JobConf#setJar(String). Can you give me any suggestion how to solve this problem?

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  • How would I batch rename a lot of files using command-line?

    - by Whisperity
    I have a problem which I am unable to solve: I need to rename a great dump of files using patterns. I tried using this, but I always get an error. I have a folder, inside with a lot of files. Running ls -1 | wc -l, it returns that I have like 160000 files inside. The problem is, that I wish to move these files to a Windows system, but most of them have characters like : and ? in them, which makes the file unaccessible on said Windows-based systems. (As a "do not solve but deal with" method, I tried booting up a LiveCD on the Windows system and moving the files using the live OS. Under that Ubuntu, the files were readable and writable on the mounted NTFS partition, but when I booted back on Windows, it showed that the file is there but Windows was unable to access it in any fashion: rename, delete or open.) I tried running rename 's/\:/_' * inside the folder, but I got Argument list too long error. Some search revealed that it happens because I have so many files, and then I arrived here. The problem is that I don't know how to alter the command to suit my needs, as I always end up having various errors like Trying find -name '*:*' | xargs rename : _, it gives xargs: unmatched single quote; by default quotes are special to xargs unless you use the -0 option [\n] syntax error at (eval 1) line 1, near ":" [\n] xargs: rename: exited with status 255; aborting Adding the -0 after xargs turns the error message to xargs: argument line too long These files are archive files generated by various PHP scripts. The best solution would be having a chance to rename them before they are moved to Windows, but if there is no way to do it, we might have a way to rename the files while they are moved to Windows. I use samba and proftpd to move the files. Unfortunately, graphical software are out of the question as the server containing the files is what it is, a server, with only command-line interface.

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  • Take a snapshot with JavaFX!

    - by user12610255
    JavaFX 2.2 has a "snapshot" feature that enables you to take a picture of any node or scene. Take a look at the API Documentation and you will find new snapshot methods in the javafx.scene.Scene class. The most basic version has the following signature: public WritableImage snapshot(WritableImage image) The WritableImage class (also introduced in JavaFX 2.2) lives in the javafx.scene.image package, and represents a custom graphical image that is constructed from pixels supplied by the application. In fact, there are 5 new classes in javafx.scene.image: PixelFormat: Defines the layout of data for a pixel of a given format. WritablePixelFormat: Represents a pixel format that can store full colors and so can be used as a destination format to write pixel data from an arbitrary image. PixelReader: Defines methods for retrieving the pixel data from an Image or other surface containing pixels. PixelWriter: Defines methods for writing the pixel data of a WritableImage or other surface containing writable pixels. WritableImage: Represents a custom graphical image that is constructed from pixels supplied by the application, and possibly from PixelReader objects from any number of sources, including images read from a file or URL. The API documentation contains lots of information, so go investigate and have fun with these useful new classes! -- Scott Hommel

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  • Dark NetBeans

    - by Geertjan
    Let's make NetBeans IDE look like this. Not saying it's a nice color or anything, just that it's possible to do so: I changed the coloring in the Java editor by going to Tools | Options, then chose "Fonts & Colors", then selected the "Norway Today" profile and changed the background setting to Dark Gray. Next, I put this themes.xml file into the "config" folder of the NetBeans IDE user directory, which you can identify as such by going to Help | About in the IDE. Go to the exact location defined by "User directory" in Help | About, and then go to the "config" folder within that folder: The "config" folder of the user directory is the readable/writable root of the NetBeans IDE virtual filesystem. If a themes.xml file is found there, it is used, as described here. Then, in netbeans.conf file, which is not in the NetBeans user directory but in the NetBeans installation directory, within its "etc" folder, I added the following to "netbeans_default_options": -J-Dnetbeans.useTheme=true --laf Metal The first of these enables usage of the themes.xml file, i.e., it notifies NetBeans IDE at startup to load the themes.xml file and to apply the content to the relevant UI components, while the second is needed because most/all of the themes only work if you're using the Metal Look and Feel. Note: I must add that in most cases, whatever it is you're trying to achieve via a themes.xml file can probably be achieved in a different, and better, way. The themes.xml mechanism has been there forever, but is not actively supported or tested, though it may work for the specific thing you're trying to do anyway. For example, if you're trying to change the background color of a TopComponent, use the paintComponent method of the TopComponent instead of using a themes.xml file.

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  • R Package Installation with Oracle R Enterprise

    - by Sherry LaMonica-Oracle
    Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Programming languages give developers the opportunity to write reusable functions and to bundle those functions into logical deployable entities. In R, these are called packages. R has thousands of such packages provided by an almost equally large group of third-party contributors. To allow others to benefit from these packages, users can share packages on the CRAN system for use by the vast R development community worldwide. R's package system along with the CRAN framework provides a process for authoring, documenting and distributing packages to millions of users. In this post, we'll illustrate the various ways in which such R packages can be installed for use with R and together with Oracle R Enterprise. In the following, the same instructions apply when using either open source R or Oracle R Distribution. In this post, we cover the following package installation scenarios for: R command line Linux shell command line Use with Oracle R Enterprise Installation on Exadata or RAC Installing all packages in a CRAN Task View Troubleshooting common errors 1. R Package Installation BasicsR package installation basics are outlined in Chapter 6 of the R Installation and Administration Guide. There are two ways to install packages from the command line: from the R command line and from the shell command line. For this first example on Oracle Linux using Oracle R Distribution, we’ll install the arules package as root so that packages will be installed in the default R system-wide location where all users can access it, /usr/lib64/R/library.Within R, using the install.packages function always attempts to install the latest version of the requested package available on CRAN:R> install.packages("arules")If the arules package depends upon other packages that are not already installed locally, the R installer automatically downloads and installs those required packages. This is a huge benefit that frees users from the task of identifying and resolving those dependencies.You can also install R from the shell command line. This is useful for some packages when an internet connection is not available or for installing packages not uploaded to CRAN. To install packages this way, first locate the package on CRAN and then download the package source to your local machine. For example:$ wget http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/arules_1.1-2.tar.gz Then, install the package using the command R CMD INSTALL:$ R CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-2.tar.gzA major difference between installing R packages using the R package installer at the R command line and shell command line is that package dependencies must be resolved manually at the shell command line. Package dependencies are listed in the Depends section of the package’s CRAN site. If dependencies are not identified and installed prior to the package’s installation, you will see an error similar to:ERROR: dependency ‘xxx’ is not available for package ‘yyy’As a best practice and to save time, always refer to the package’s CRAN site to understand the package dependencies prior to attempting an installation. If you don’t run R as root, you won’t have permission to write packages into the default system-wide location and you will be prompted to create a personal library accessible by your userid. You can accept the personal library path chosen by R, or specify the library location by passing parameters to the install.packages function. For example, to create an R package repository in your home directory: R> install.packages("arules", lib="/home/username/Rpackages")or$ R CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-2.tar.gz --library=/home/username/RpackagesRefer to the install.packages help file in R or execute R CMD INSTALL --help at the shell command line for a full list of command line options.To set the library location and avoid having to specify this at every package install, simply create the R startup environment file .Renviron in your home area if it does not already exist, and add the following piece of code to it:R_LIBS_USER = "/home/username/Rpackages" 2. Setting the RepositoryEach time you install an R package from the R command line, you are asked which CRAN mirror, or server, R should use. To set the repository and avoid having to specify this during every package installation, create the R startup command file .Rprofile in your home directory and add the following R code to it:cat("Setting Seattle repository")r = getOption("repos") r["CRAN"] = "http://cran.fhcrc.org/"options(repos = r)rm(r) This code snippet sets the R package repository to the Seattle CRAN mirror at the start of each R session. 3. Installing R Packages for use with Oracle R EnterpriseEmbedded R execution with Oracle R Enterprise allows the use of CRAN or other third-party R packages in user-defined R functions executed on the Oracle Database server. The steps for installing and configuring packages for use with Oracle R Enterprise are the same as for open source R. The database-side R engine just needs to know where to find the R packages.The Oracle R Enterprise installation is performed by user oracle, which typically does not have write permission to the default site-wide library, /usr/lib64/R/library. On Linux and UNIX platforms, the Oracle R Enterprise Server installation provides the ORE script, which is executed from the operating system shell to install R packages and to start R. The ORE script is a wrapper for the default R script, a shell wrapper for the R executable. It can be used to start R, run batch scripts, and build or install R packages. Unlike the default R script, the ORE script installs packages to a location writable by user oracle and accessible by all ORE users - $ORACLE_HOME/R/library.To install a package on the database server so that it can be used by any R user and for use in embedded R execution, an Oracle DBA would typically download the package source from CRAN using wget. If the package depends on any packages that are not in the R distribution in use, download the sources for those packages, also.  For a single Oracle Database instance, replace the R script with ORE to install the packages in the same location as the Oracle R Enterprise packages. $ wget http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/arules_1.1-2.tar.gz$ ORE CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-2.tar.gzBehind the scenes, the ORE script performs the equivalent of setting R_LIBS_USER to the value of $ORACLE_HOME/R/library, and all R packages installed with the ORE script are installed to this location. For installing a package on multiple database servers, such as those in an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) or a multinode Oracle Exadata Database Machine environment, use the ORE script in conjunction with the Exadata Distributed Command Line Interface (DCLI) utility.$ dcli -g nodes -l oracle ORE CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gz The DCLI -g flag designates a file containing a list of nodes to install on, and the -l flag specifies the user id to use when executing the commands. For more information on using DCLI with Oracle R Enterprise, see Chapter 5 in the Oracle R Enterprise Installation Guide.If you are using an Oracle R Enterprise client, install the package the same as any R package, bearing in mind that you must install the same version of the package on both the client and server machines to avoid incompatibilities. 4. CRAN Task ViewsCRAN also maintains a set of Task Views that identify packages associated with a particular task or methodology. Task Views are helpful in guiding users through the huge set of available R packages. They are actively maintained by volunteers who include detailed annotations for routines and packages. If you find one of the task views is a perfect match, you can install every package in that view using the ctv package - an R package for automating package installation. To use the ctv package to install a task view, first, install and load the ctv package.R> install.packages("ctv")R> library(ctv)Then query the names of the available task views and install the view you choose.R> available.views() R> install.views("TimeSeries") 5. Using and Managing R packages To use a package, start up R and load packages one at a time with the library command.Load the arules package in your R session. R> library(arules)Verify the version of arules installed.R> packageVersion("arules")[1] '1.1.2'Verify the version of arules installed on the database server using embedded R execution.R> ore.doEval(function() packageVersion("arules"))View the help file for the apropos function in the arules packageR> ?aproposOver time, your package repository will contain more and more packages, especially if you are using the system-wide repository where others are adding additional packages. It’s good to know the entire set of R packages accessible in your environment. To list all available packages in your local R session, use the installed.packages command:R> myLocalPackages <- row.names(installed.packages())R> myLocalPackagesTo access the list of available packages on the ORE database server from the ORE client, use the following embedded R syntax: R> myServerPackages <- ore.doEval(function() row.names(installed.packages()) R> myServerPackages 6. Troubleshooting Common ProblemsInstalling Older Versions of R packagesIf you immediately upgrade to the latest version of R, you will have no problem installing the most recent versions of R packages. However, if your version of R is older, some of the more recent package releases will not work and install.packages will generate a message such as: Warning message: In install.packages("arules") : package ‘arules’ is not availableThis is when you have to go to the Old sources link on the CRAN page for the arules package and determine which version is compatible with your version of R.Begin by determining what version of R you are using:$ R --versionOracle Distribution of R version 3.0.1 (--) -- "Good Sport" Copyright (C) The R Foundation for Statistical Computing Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (64-bit)Given that R-3.0.1 was released May 16, 2013, any version of the arules package released after this date may work. Scanning the arules archive, we might try installing version 0.1.1-1, released in January of 2014:$ wget http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/arules/arules_1.1-1.tar.gz$ R CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gzFor use with ORE:$ ORE CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gzThe "package not available" error can also be thrown if the package you’re trying to install lives elsewhere, either another R package site, or it’s been removed from CRAN. A quick Google search usually leads to more information on the package’s location and status.Oracle R Enterprise is not in the R library pathOn Linux hosts, after installing the ORE server components, starting R, and attempting to load the ORE packages, you may receive the error:R> library(ORE)Error in library(ORE) : there is no package called ‘ORE’If you know the ORE packages have been installed and you receive this error, this is the result of not starting R with the ORE script. To resolve this problem, exit R and restart using the ORE script. After restarting R and ">running the command to load the ORE packages, you should not receive any errors.$ ORER> library(ORE)On Windows servers, the solution is to make the location of the ORE packages visible to R by adding them to the R library paths. To accomplish this, exit R, then add the following lines to the .Rprofile file. On Windows, the .Rprofile file is located in R\etc directory C:\Program Files\R\R-<version>\etc. Add the following lines:.libPaths("<path to $ORACLE_HOME>/R/library")The above line will tell R to include the R directory in the Oracle home as part of its search path. When you start R, the path above will be included, and future R package installations will also be saved to $ORACLE_HOME/R/library. This path should be writable by the user oracle, or the userid for the DBA tasked with installing R packages.Binary package compiled with different version of RBy default, R will install pre-compiled versions of packages if they are found. If the version of R under which the package was compiled does not match your installed version of R you will get an error message:Warning message: package ‘xxx’ was built under R version 3.0.0The solution is to download the package source and build it for your version of R.$ wget http://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/arules/arules_1.1-1.tar.gz$ R CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gzFor use with ORE:$ ORE CMD INSTALL arules_1.1-1.tar.gzUnable to execute files in /tmp directoryBy default, R uses the /tmp directory to install packages. On security conscious machines, the /tmp directory is often marked as "noexec" in the /etc/fstab file. This means that no file under /tmp can ever be executed, and users who attempt to install R package will receive an error:ERROR: 'configure' exists but is not executable -- see the 'R Installation and Administration Manual’The solution is to set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables to a location which R will use as the compilation directory. For example:$ mkdir <some path>/tmp$ export TMPDIR= <some path>/tmp$ export TMP= <some path>/tmpThis error typically appears on Linux client machines and not database servers, as Oracle Database writes to the value of the TMP environment variable for several tasks, including holding temporary files during database installation. 7. Creating your own R packageCreating your own package and submitting to CRAN is for advanced users, but it is not difficult. The procedure to follow, along with details of R's package system, is detailed in the Writing R Extensions manual.

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