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  • Are lambda expressions/delegates in C# "pure", or can they be?

    - by Bob
    I recently asked about functional programs having no side effects, and learned what this means for making parallelized tasks trivial. Specifically, that "pure" functions make this trivial as they have no side effects. I've also recently been looking into LINQ and lambda expressions as I've run across examples many times here on StackOverflow involving enumeration. That got me to wondering if parallelizing an enumeration or loop can be "easier" in C# now. Are lambda expressions "pure" enough to pull off trivial parallelizing? Maybe it depends on what you're doing with the expression, but can they be pure enough? Would something like this be theoretically possible/trivial in C#?: Break the loop into chunks Run a thread to loop through each chunk Run a function that does something with the value from the current loop position of each thread For instance, say I had a bunch of objects in a game loop (as I am developing a game and was thinking about the possibility of multiple threads) and had to do something with each of them every frame, would the above be trivial to pull off? Looking at IEnumerable it seems it only keeps track of the current position, so I'm not sure I could use the normal generic collections to break the enumeration into "chunks". Sorry about this question. I used bullets above instead of pseudo-code because I don't even know enough to write pseudo-code off the top of my head. My .NET knowledge has been purely simple business stuff and I'm new to delegates and threads, etc. I mainly want to know if the above approach is good for pursuing, and if delegates/lambdas don't have to be worried about when it comes to their parallelization.

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  • How to iterate over modifed std::map values?

    - by Frank
    I have an std::map, and I would like to define an iterator that returns modified values. Typically, a std::map<int,double>::iterator iterates over std::pair<int,double>, and I would like the same behavior, just the double value is multiplied by a constant. I tried it with boost::transform_iterator, but it doesn't compile: #include <map> #include <boost/iterator/transform_iterator.hpp> #include <boost/functional.hpp> typedef std::map<int,double> Map; Map m; m[100] = 2.24; typedef boost::binder2nd< std::multiplies<double> > Function; typedef boost::transform_iterator<Function, Map::value_type*> MultiplyIter; MultiplyIter begin = boost::make_transform_iterator(m.begin(), Function(std::multiplies<double>(), 4)); // now want to similarly create an end iterator // and then iterate over the modified map The error is: error: conversion from 'boost ::transform_iterator< boost::binder2nd<multiplies<double> >, gen_map<int, double>::iterator , boost::use_default, boost::use_default >' to non-scalar type 'boost::transform_iterator< boost::binder2nd<multiplies<double> >, pair<const int, double> * , boost::use_default, boost::use_default >' requested What is gen_map and do I really need it? I adapted the transform_iterator tutorial code from here to write this code ...

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  • Learning Haskell maps, folds, loops and recursion

    - by Darknight
    I've only just dipped my toe in the world of Haskell as part of my journey of programming enlightenment (moving on from, procedural to OOP to concurrent to now functional). I've been trying an online Haskell Evaluator. However I'm now stuck on a problem: Create a simple function that gives the total sum of an array of numbers. In a procedural language this for me is easy enough (using recursion) (c#) : private int sum(ArrayList x, int i) { if (!(x.Count < i + 1)) { int t = 0; t = x.Item(i); t = sum(x, i + 1) + t; return t; } } All very fine however my failed attempt at Haskell was thus: let sum x = x+sum in map sum [1..10] this resulted in the following error (from that above mentioned website): Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type: a = a -> t Please bear in mind I've only used Haskell for the last 30 minutes! I'm not looking simply for an answer but a more explanation of it. Thanks in advanced.

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  • Printing a field with additional dots in haskell

    - by Frank Kluyt
    I'm writing a function called printField. This function takes an int and a string as arguments and then then prints a field like this "Derp..." with this: printField 7 "Derp". When the field consists of digits the output should be "...3456". The function I wrote looks like this: printField :: Int -> String -> String printField x y = if isDigit y then concat(replicate n ".") ++ y else y ++ concat(replicate n ".") where n = x - length y This obviously isn't working. The error I get from GHC is: Couldn't match type `[Char]' with `Char' Expected type: Char Actual type: String In the first argument of `isDigit', namely `y' In the expression: isDigit y In the expression: if isDigit y then concat (replicate n ".") ++ y else y ++ concat (replicate n ".") I can't get it to work :(. Can anyone help me out? Please keep in mind that I'm new to Haskell and functional programming in general.

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  • How to use boost::transform_iterator to iterate over modifed std::map values?

    - by Frank
    I have an std::map, and I would like to define an iterator that returns modified values. Typically, a std::map<int,double>::iterator iterates over std::pair<int,double>, and I would like the same behavior, just the double value is multiplied by a constant. I tried it with boost::transform_iterator, but it doesn't compile: #include <map> #include <boost/iterator/transform_iterator.hpp> #include <boost/functional.hpp> typedef std::map<int,double> Map; Map m; m[100] = 2.24; typedef boost::binder2nd< std::multiplies<double> > Function; typedef boost::transform_iterator<Function, Map::value_type*> MultiplyIter; MultiplyIter begin = boost::make_transform_iterator(m.begin(), Function(std::multiplies<double>(), 4)); // now want to similarly create an end iterator // and then iterate over the modified map The error is: error: conversion from 'boost ::transform_iterator< boost::binder2nd<multiplies<double> >, gen_map<int, double>::iterator , boost::use_default, boost::use_default >' to non-scalar type 'boost::transform_iterator< boost::binder2nd<multiplies<double> >, pair<const int, double> * , boost::use_default, boost::use_default >' requested What is gen_map and do I really need it? I adapted the transform_iterator tutorial code from here to write this code ...

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  • Invoking code both before and after WebControl.Render method

    - by Dirk
    I have a set of custom ASP.NET server controls, most of which derive from CompositeControl. I want to implement a uniform look for "required" fields across all control types by wrapping each control in a specific piece of HTML/CSS markup. For example: <div class="requiredInputContainer"> ...custom control markup... </div> I'd love to abstract this behavior in such a way as to avoid having to do something ugly like this in every custom control, present and future: public class MyServerControl : TextBox, IRequirableField { public IRequirableField.IsRequired {get;set;} protected override void Render(HtmlTextWriter writer){ RequiredFieldHelper.RenderBeginTag(this, writer) //render custom control markup RequiredFieldHelper.RenderEndTag(this, writer) } } public static class RequiredFieldHelper{ public static void RenderBeginTag(IRequirableField field, HtmlTextWriter writer){ //check field.IsRequired, render based on its values } public static void RenderEndTag(IRequirableField field, HtmlTextWriter writer){ //check field.IsRequired , render based on its values } } If I was deriving all of my custom controls from the same base class, I could conceivably use Template Method to enforce the before/after behavior;but I have several base classes and I'd rather not end up with really a convoluted class hierarchy anyway. It feels like I should be able to design something more elegant (i.e. adheres to DRY and OCP) by leveraging the functional aspects of C#, but I'm drawing a blank.

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  • Help! I'm a Haskell Newbie

    - by Darknight
    I've only just dipped my toe in the world of Haskell as part of my journey of programming enlightenment (moving on from, procedural to OOP to concurrent to now functional). I've been trying an online Haskell Evaluator. However I'm now stuck on a problem: Create a simple function that gives the total sum of an array of numbers. In a procedural language this for me is easy enough (using recursion) (c#) : private int sum(ArrayList x, int i) { if (!(x.Count < i + 1)) { int t = 0; t = x.Item(i); t = sum(x, i + 1) + t; return t; } } All very fine however my failed attempt at Haskell was thus: let sum x = x+sum in map sum [1..10] this resulted in the following error (from that above mentioned website): Occurs check: cannot construct the infinite type: a = a -> t Please bear in mind I've only used Haskell for the last 30 minutes! I'm not looking simply for an answer but a more explanation of it. Thanks in advanced.

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  • How can I implement a splay tree that performs the zig operation last, not first?

    - by Jakob
    For my Algorithms & Data Structures class, I've been tasked with implementing a splay tree in Haskell. My algorithm for the splay operation is as follows: If the node to be splayed is the root, the unaltered tree is returned. If the node to be splayed is one level from the root, a zig operation is performed and the resulting tree is returned. If the node to be splayed is two or more levels from the root, a zig-zig or zig-zag operation is performed on the result of splaying the subtree starting at that node, and the resulting tree is returned. This is valid according to my teacher. However, the Wikipedia description of a splay tree says the zig step "will be done only as the last step in a splay operation" whereas in my algorithm it is the first step in a splay operation. I want to implement a splay tree that performs the zig operation last instead of first, but I'm not sure how it would best be done. It seems to me that such an algorithm would become more complex, seeing as how one needs to find the node to be splayed before it can be determined whether a zig operation should be performed or not. How can I implement this in Haskell (or some other functional language)?

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  • Can you dynamically combine multiple conditional functions into one in Python?

    - by erich
    I'm curious if it's possible to take several conditional functions and create one function that checks them all (e.g. the way a generator takes a procedure for iterating through a series and creates an iterator). The basic usage case would be when you have a large number of conditional parameters (e.g. "max_a", "min_a", "max_b", "min_b", etc.), many of which could be blank. They would all be passed to this "function creating" function, which would then return one function that checked them all. Below is an example of a naive way of doing what I'm asking: def combining_function(max_a, min_a, max_b, min_b, ...): f_array = [] if max_a is not None: f_array.append( lambda x: x.a < max_a ) if min_a is not None: f_array.append( lambda x: x.a > min_a ) ... return lambda x: all( [ f(x) for f in f_array ] ) What I'm wondering is what is the most efficient to achieve what's being done above? It seems like executing a function call for every function in f_array would create a decent amount of overhead, but perhaps I'm engaging in premature/unnecessary optimization. Regardless, I'd be interested to see if anyone else has come across usage cases like this and how they proceeded. Also, if this isn't possible in Python, is it possible in other (perhaps more functional) languages?

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  • How can I write simulations in Erlang?

    - by rick
    Hi guys, I want to do some numerical stuff in Erlang like this: You've got an array with the following values: [2,3,4] In each iteration, you calculate 0.1 * [n-1] + 0.7 *[n] + 0.2 * [n+1] This becomes the new [n]. If n == 0 then [n-1] = 0. If [n] == length of array then [n] = 0. So I try an example: [2,3,4] calculations: 0.1 * 0 + 0.7 * 2 + 0.2 * 3 = 2 0.1 * 2 + 0.7 * 3 + 0.2 * 4 = 3.1 0.1 * 3 + 0.7 * 4 + 0.2 * 0 = 3.1 So [2,3,4] becomes to [2, 3.1, 3.1] after one iteration. I know how to write this in a non-functional language like C. But I have difficulties to imagine, how this could be done in Erlang. I found some tutorials on how you read a file to a list. So this is not the problem. How can I spawn different Erlang processes that each process has one element of the list? How can I do calculations by communicating with 'the neighbors', so that the neighbors know where their neigbors are generically, without specifying each? How can I collect the data into a list? Eventually, is it possible to solve that problem in Erlang at all? Thanks for your help.

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  • Assign a static function to a variable in PHP

    - by Felipe Almeida
    I would like to assign a static function to a variable so that I can send it around as a parameter. For example: class Foo{ private static function privateStaticFunction($arg1,$arg2){ //compute stuff on the args } public static function publicStaticFunction($foo,$bar){ //works $var = function(){ //do stuff }; //also works $var = function($someArg,$someArg2){ //do stuff }; //Fatal error: Undefined class constant 'privateStaticFunction' $var = self::privateStaticMethod; //same error $var = Foo::privateStaticFunction; //compiles, but errors when I try to run $var() somewhere else, as expected //Fatal error: Call to private method Foo::privateStaticMethod() from context '' $var = function(){ return Foo::privateStaticMethod(); }; } } I've tried a few more variations but none of them worked. I don't even expect this sort of functional hacking to work with PHP but hey, who knows? Is it possible to do that in PHP or will I need to come up with some hack using eval? P.S.: LawnGnome on ##php mentioned something about it being possible to do what I want using array('Foo','privateStaticMethod') but I didn't understand what he meant and I didn't press him further as he looked busy.

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  • Selenium Grid with parallel testing using C#/NUnit

    - by seth
    I've got several unit tests written with NUnit that are calling selenium commands. I've got 2 win2k3 server boxes setup, one is running selenium grid hub along with 2 selenium rc's. The other box is running 5 selenium rc's. All of them are registered with the hub as running Firefox on Windows (to keep it simple). In my unit test setup method I've got it connected to the hub's hostname at port 4444. When running the tests, they only run sequentially (as expected). I've done a lot of reading on NUnit's roadmap and how they are shooting for parallel testing abilities. I've seen lots of pointers to using PNUnit in the meantime. However this seems to completely defeat the purpose of the Selenium Grid. Have any of you successfully implemented parallel testing using C#/NUnit connected to a Selenium Grid setup? If so, please elaborate. I'm at a complete loss at how this will/can work using NUnit as it exists now (I'm using version 2.9.3)

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  • asp.net mvc controller actions testing

    - by Imran
    I was just wondering how others are going about testing controller actions in asp.net mvc? Most of my dependencies are injected in to my controllers so there is a not a huge amount of logic in the action methods but there may be some conditional logic for example which I think is unavoidable. In the past I have written tests for these action methods, mocked the dependencies and tested the results. I have found this is very brittle and a real PITA to maintain. Having 'Expect' and 'Stub' methods everywhere breaks very easily but I don't see any other way of testing controller actions. I actually think it might be easier to test some of these manually! Anyone have any suggestions? Perhaps I am missing something here? Thanks Imran

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  • CUDA: How to reuse kernels in multiple files (for unit testing)

    - by zenna
    How can I go about reusing the same kernel without getting fatal linking errors due to defining the symbol multiple times In Visual Studio I get "fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found" My current structure is as follows: Interface.h has an extern interface to a C function: myCfunction() (ala the C++ integration SDK example) Kernel.cu contains the actual __global__ kernels and is NOT included in the build: __global__ my_kernel() Wrapper.cu inlcudes Kernel.cu and Interface.h and calls my_kernel<<<...>>> This all works fine. But if I add another C function in another file which also includes Kernel.cu and uses those kernels, I get the errors. So how can I reuse the kernels in Kernel.cu among many C functions in different files. The purpose of this by the way is unit testing, and integrating my kernels with CPP unit, if there is no way to reuse kernels (there must be!) then other suggestions for unit testing kernels within my existing CPP unit framework would be appreciate. Thanks Zenna

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  • iphone - testing if an object exists

    - by Mike
    I have several apps in my app that can become nil at some point and I have methods that in theory are used to put these objects to nil. But, if I try to put to nil an object that does not exist, the app will crash. for example... [object1 release]; object1 = nil; //... and after that [object removeFromSuperview]; // this will crash Then I thought, why not testing to see if the object exists before removing... if (object1 != nil) [object removeFromSuperview]; // this will crash too, because object1 cannot be tested for nil because it does not exist How can I check if the object exists before testing if it is nil? something as if (object exists( { if(object != nil)) [object removeFromSuperview) } is this possible?

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  • Should I unit test the model returned by DefaultModelBinder?

    - by Byron Sommardahl
    I'm having some trouble unit testing the model returned by DefaultModelBinder. I want to feed in a fake form collection and check the model that it returns to make sure model properties are being bound properly. In my research, I'm not turning up -any- resources on testing the DefaultModelBinder. Maybe I'm missing something. Maybe I shouldn't be testing this part of MVC? Your thoughts?

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  • Testing Django web app with Hudson and Selenium

    - by ycseattle
    This might be a newbie question for Hudson. I am trying to setup Selenium testing for my Django website in my Hudson CI server. The question is, the Hudson will use subversion to checkout my Django code into its own path, how do I "deploy" the code into the same server for testing? This is not a question about deploying django, but instead how to access the source file in hudson workspace. Most tutorials/blogs is about building and running tests, but I couldn't find useful information about how to setup the web application on the server to run the test against. 1) Should I write some shell script to copy the source files from the hudson workspace? Is there an environment variable to use to access the workspace? 2) Is there a tutorial on how to grab web app files in hudson workspace and deploy them? I am sure this apply for other technologies like PHP as well. Thanks!

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  • Is this a good or bad way to use constructor chaining? (... to allow for testing).

    - by panamack
    My motivation for chaining my class constructors here is so that I have a default constructor for mainstream use by my application and a second that allows me to inject a mock and a stub. It just seems a bit ugly 'new'-ing things in the ":this(...)" call and counter-intuitive calling a parametrized constructor from a default constructor , I wondered what other people would do here? (FYI - SystemWrapper) using SystemWrapper; public class MyDirectoryWorker{ // SystemWrapper interface allows for stub of sealed .Net class. private IDirectoryInfoWrap dirInf; private FileSystemWatcher watcher; public MyDirectoryWorker() : this( new DirectoryInfoWrap(new DirectoryInfo(MyDirPath)), new FileSystemWatcher()) { } public MyDirectoryWorker(IDirectoryInfoWrap dirInf, FileSystemWatcher watcher) { this.dirInf = dirInf; if(!dirInf.Exists){ dirInf.Create(); } this.watcher = watcher; watcher.Path = dirInf.FullName; watcher.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.FileName; watcher.Created += new FileSystemEventHandler(watcher_Created); watcher.Deleted += new FileSystemEventHandler(watcher_Deleted); watcher.Renamed += new RenamedEventHandler(watcher_Renamed); watcher.EnableRaisingEvents = true; } public static string MyDirPath{get{return Settings.Default.MyDefaultDirPath;}} // etc... }

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  • Testing perceived performance

    - by Josh Kelley
    I recently got a shiny new development workstation. The only disadvantage of this is that the desktop apps I'm developing now run very, very fast, and so I fear that parts of the code that would be annoyingly slow on end users' machines will go unnoticed during my testing. Is there a good way to slow down an application for testing? I've tried searching around, but all of the results I've been able to find seem pretty fiddly to set up (e.g., manually setting up a high-priority CPU-bound task on the same CPU core as the target app, or running a background process that rapidly interrupts and resumes the target app), and I don't know if the end result is actually a good representation of running on a slower computer (with its slower CPU, slower RAM, slower disk I/O...). I don't think that this is a job for a profiler; I'm interested in the user's perception of end-to-end performance rather than in where the time goes for particular operations.

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  • Is a class that is hard to unit test badly designed?

    - by Extrakun
    I am now doing unit testing on an application which was written over the year, before I started to do unit-testing diligently. I realized that the classes I wrote are hard to unit test, for the following reasons: Relies on loading data from database. Which means I have to setup a row in the table just to run the unit test (and I am not testing database capabilities). Requires a lot of other external classes just to get the class I am testing to its initial state. On the whole, there don't seem to be anything wrong with the design except that it is too tightly coupled (which by itself is a bad thing). I figure that if I have written automated test cases with each of the class, hence ensuring that I don't heap extra dependencies or coupling for the class to work, the class might be better designed. Does this reason holds water? What are your experiences?

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  • Devising a test strategy

    - by Simon Callan
    As part of a new job, I have to devise and implement a complete test strategy for the companies new product. So far, all I really know about it is that it is written in C++, uses an SQL database and has a web API which is used by a browser client written using GWT. As far as I know, there isn't much of an existing strategy, except for using Python scripts to test the web API. I need to develop and implement a suitable strategy for unit, system, regression and release testing, preferably a fully automated one. I'm looking for good references for : Devising the complete test strategy. Testing the web API. Testing the GWT based application. Unit testing C++ code. In addition, any suitable tools would be appreciate

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  • Any homologue of InternalsVisibleToAttribute, but for internal classes?

    - by Will Marcouiller
    In my most recent question: Unit Testing Best Practice? / C# InternalsVisibleTo() attribute for VBNET 2.0 while testing?, I was asking about InternalsVisibleToAttribute. I have read the documentation on how to use it, and everything is fine and understood. However, I can't instantiate my class Groupe from my Testing project. I want to be able to instantiate my internal class in my wrapper assembly, from my testing assembly. Any help is appreciated! EDIT Here's the compile-time error I get when I do try to instantiate my type: Erreur 2 'Carra.Exemples.Blocs.ActiveDirectory.Groupe' n'est pas accessible dans ce contexte, car il est 'Private'. C:\Open\Projects\Exemples\Src\Carra.Exemples.Blocs.ActiveDirectory\Carra.Exemples.Blocs.ActiveDirectory.Tests\GroupeTests.vb 9 18 Carra.Exemples.Blocs.ActiveDirectory.Tests (This says that my type is not accessible in this context, because it is private.) But it's Friend (internal)!

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  • iPhone CSS and Display Testing

    - by Philip Arthur Moore
    Hi All. I recently coded and launched a website that displays consistently across Chrome, Firefox, Opera, IE8, IE7, and Safari. According to site visitors, though, the signup forms at the top and bottom of the site are mangled on the iPhone. I do not own an iPhone and I rarely test sites on the iPhone, and I would really hate to purchase it or an iPod Touch for the sake of occasional CSS/display testing. Question: is there a site online or a program I can use (I'm on Windows 7) for iPhone testing? An alternative question might be why the signup forms aren't displaying properly on the iPhone, when they look fine in all other browsers and a few other mobile devices that I've used? Many thanks.

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