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• Final classes in Python 3.x- something Guido isn't telling me?

  - by GlenCrawford

  This question is built on top of many assumptions. If one assumption is wrong, then the whole thing falls over. I'm still relatively new to Python and have just entered the curious/exploratory phase. It is my understanding that Python does not support the creating of classes that cannot be subclassed (final classes). However, it seems to me that the bool class in Python cannot be subclassed. This makes sense when the intent of the bool class is considered (because bool is only supposed to have two values: true and false), and I'm happy with that. What I want to know is how this class was marked as final. So my question is: how exactly did Guido manage to prevent subclassing of bool? >>> class TestClass(bool): pass Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#2>", line 1, in <module> class TestClass(bool): TypeError: type 'bool' is not an acceptable base type Related question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2172189/why-i-cant-extend-bool-in-python

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• Android maps out of memory error

  - by SamB09

  Hi , sometimes when running a google maps program with an overlay image i will receive a bit map out of memory error. It always seems to be at a random point in the app. Im not sure how to solve this. Anyone have any ideas ? My overlay code is below , im not sure if you need to see the class its called in though? public class MyOverlay2 extends Overlay { private static final double MAX_TAP_DISTANCE_KM = 3; // Rough approximation - one degree = 50 nautical miles private static final double MAX_TAP_DISTANCE_DEGREES = MAX_TAP_DISTANCE_KM * 0.5399568 * 50; private final GeoPoint gPoint; private final Context cont; private final int draw; // private final int lat; public MyOverlay2(Context cont, GeoPoint gPoint1, int draw) { // constructor will be called in the userLocation class to draw an overly image this.cont = cont; this.gPoint = gPoint1; this.draw = draw; } @Override public boolean draw(Canvas canvas, MapView mapView, boolean shadow, long when) { // constructor takes 3 arguments super.draw(canvas, mapView, shadow); // Convert geo coordinates to screen pixels Point screenPoint = new Point(); mapView.getProjection().toPixels(gPoint, screenPoint); //Read the image from the xml resource using a bitmap factory BitmapFactory.Options options=new BitmapFactory.Options(); options.inSampleSize = 1; Bitmap preview_bitmap=BitmapFactory.decodeResource(cont.getResources(),R.drawable.monday12,options); //draw the image at the location specified by the co-ordinates canvas.drawBitmap(preview_bitmap, screenPoint.x - preview_bitmap.getWidth() /2, screenPoint.y - preview_bitmap.getHeight()/2 , null); // get the images height and width values divided by two draw the image at the specified screen points return true; } @Override public boolean onTap(GeoPoint s, MapView mapView) { // Handle tapping on the overlay here return true; } }

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• How to read/write high-resolution (24-bit, 8 channel) .wav files in Java?

  - by dB'

  I'm trying to write a Java application that manipulates high resolution .wav files. I'm having trouble importing the audio data, i.e. converting the .wav file into an array of doubles. When I use a standard approach an exception is thrown. AudioFileFormat as = AudioSystem.getAudioFileFormat(new File("orig.wav")); --> javax.sound.sampled.UnsupportedAudioFileException: file is not a supported file type Here's the file format info according to soxi: dB$ soxi orig.wav soxi WARN wav: wave header missing FmtExt chunk Input File : 'orig.wav' Channels : 8 Sample Rate : 96000 Precision : 24-bit Duration : 00:00:03.16 = 303526 samples ~ 237.13 CDDA sectors File Size : 9.71M Bit Rate : 24.6M Sample Encoding: 32-bit Floating Point PCM Can anyone suggest the simplest method for getting this audio into Java? I've tried using a few techniques. As stated above, I've experimented with the Java AudioSystem (on both Mac and Windows). I've also tried using Andrew Greensted's WavFile class, but this also fails (WavFileException: Compression Code 3 not supported). One workaround is to convert the audio to 16 bits using sox (with the -b 16 flag), but this is suboptimal since it increases the noise floor. Incidentally, I've noticed that the file CAN be read by libsndfile. Is my best bet to write a jni wrapper around libsndfile, or can you suggest something quicker? Note that I don't need to play the audio, I just need to analyze it, manipulate it, and then write it out to a new .wav file. * UPDATE * I solved this problem by modifying Andrew Greensted's WavFile class. His original version only read files encoded as integer values ("format code 1"); my files were encoded as floats ("format code 3"), and that's what was causing the problem. I'll post the modified version of Greensted's code when I get a chance. In the meantime, if anyone wants it, send me a message.

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• Thread safe lazy contruction of a singleton in C++

  - by pauldoo

  Is there a way to implement a singleton object in C++ that is: Lazily constructed in a thread safe manner (two threads might simultaneously be the first user of the singleton - it should still only be constructed once). Doesn't rely on static variables being constructed beforehand (so the singleton object is itself safe to use during the construction of static variables). (I don't know my C++ well enough, but is it the case that integral and constant static variables are initialized before any code is executed (ie, even before static constructors are executed - their values may already be "initialized" in the program image)? If so - perhaps this can be exploited to implement a singleton mutex - which can in turn be used to guard the creation of the real singleton..) Excellent, it seems that I have a couple of good answers now (shame I can't mark 2 or 3 as being the answer). There appears to be two broad solutions: Use static initialisation (as opposed to dynamic initialisation) of a POD static varible, and implementing my own mutex with that using the builtin atomic instructions. This was the type of solution I was hinting at in my question, and I believe I knew already. Use some other library function like pthread_once or boost::call_once. These I certainly didn't know about - and am very grateful for the answers posted.

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• WHy am I unable to add text along with <%# Container.DataItem %> in repeater in user control

  - by Jamie Hartnoll

  I have a User Control which is dynamically placed by CodeBehind as follows: Dim myControl As Control = CType(Page.LoadControl("~/Controls/mainMenu.ascx"), Control) If InStr(Request.ServerVariables("url"), "/Login.aspx") <= 0 Then mainMenu.Controls.Add(myControl) End If As per an example from my previous question on here. Within this Control is a repeater which calls a database to generate values. My Repeater mark-up is as follows <asp:Repeater runat="server" ID="locationRepeater" OnItemDataBound="getQuestionCount"> <ItemTemplate> <p id='locationQuestions' title='<%# Container.DataItem %>' runat='server'></p> </ItemTemplate> </asp:Repeater> The example above works fine, but I want to be able to prepend text to <%# Container.DataItem %> in the title attribute of that <p to print to the browser like this is some text DATA_ITEM_OUTPUT When I try to do that though, it prints this is some text <%# Container.DataItem %> exactly like that, ie, turning <%# Container.DataItem %> into text, NOT the value from the repeater code. It was working fine before I made it into a dynamically inserted control, so I am thinking I might have something being generated in the wrong order, but given that it works without any prepended text, I am stumped to fix it! I'm new to .net and using vb.net, please could someone point me in the right direction?

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• calling .ajax() from an eventHandler c# asp.ent

  - by ibininja

  Good day...! In the code behind (upload.aspx) I have an event that returns the number of bytes being streamed; and as I debug it, it works fine. I wanted to reflect the numbers returned from the eventHandler on a progress bar and this is where I got lost. I tried using jQuery's .ajax() function. this is how I implemented it: In the EventHandler in my code behind I added this code to call the .ajax() function: Page.ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(this.GetType(), "UpdateProgress", "<script type='text/javascript'>updateProgress();</script>"); My plan is whenever the eventHandler function changes the values of bytes being streamed it calls the javascript function "updateProgress()" The .ajax() function "UpdateProgress()" is as: function updateProgress() { $.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "upload.aspx/GetData", data: "{}", contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8", dataType: "json", async: true, success: function (msg) { $("#progressbar").progressbar("option", "value", msg.d); } }); } I made sure that the function GetData() is [System.Web.Services.WebMethod] and that it is static as well. so the workflow of what I am trying to implement is as: - Click On Upload button - The Behind code starts executing and EventHandler triggers - The EventHandler calls .ajax() function - The .ajax() function retrieves the bytes being streamed and updates progress bar. When I ran the code; all runs well except that the .ajax() is only executed when upload is finished (and progress bar also updates only when finished upload); even though I call .ajax() function every time in the eventHandler function as reflected above... What am I doing wrong? Am I thinking of this right? is there anything else I should add maybe an updatePanel or something? thank you

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• WM_NCHITTEST and secondary monitor to left of primary monitor

  - by AlanKley

  The described setup with 2nd monitor to left of primary causes WM_NCHITTEST to send negative values which is apparently not supported according to this post. I have a custom control written in win32 that is like a Group control. It has a small clickable area. No MOUSE events are coming to my control when the window containing the custom control lies on a second monitor to the left of the primary monitor. SPY++ shows WM_NCHITTEST messages but no Mouse messages. When window is moved to primary monitor or secondary monitor is positioned to right of primary (all points are positive) then everything works fine. Below is how the WM_NCHITTEST is handled in my custom control. In general I need it to return HTTRANSPARENT so as not to obscure other controls placed inside of it. Anybody have any suggestions what funky coordinate translation I need to do and what to return in response to WM_NCHITTEST to get Mouse messages translated and sent to my control in the case where it is on a 2nd monitor placed to the left of the primary monitor? case WM_NCHITTEST: { POINT Pt = {LOWORD(lP), HIWORD(lP)}; int i; ScreenToClient (hWnd, &Pt); if (PtInRect (&rClickableArea, Pt)) { return(DefWindowProc( hWnd, Msg, wP, lP )); } } lReturn = HTTRANSPARENT; break;

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• A couple of questions about NHibernate's GuidCombGenerator

  - by Eyvind

  The following code can be found in the NHibernate.Id.GuidCombGenerator class. The algorithm creates sequential (comb) guids based on combining a "random" guid with a DateTime. I have a couple of questions related to the lines that I have marked with *1) and *2) below: private Guid GenerateComb() { byte[] guidArray = Guid.NewGuid().ToByteArray(); // *1) DateTime baseDate = new DateTime(1900, 1, 1); DateTime now = DateTime.Now; // Get the days and milliseconds which will be used to build the byte string TimeSpan days = new TimeSpan(now.Ticks - baseDate.Ticks); TimeSpan msecs = now.TimeOfDay; // *2) // Convert to a byte array // Note that SQL Server is accurate to 1/300th of a millisecond so we divide by 3.333333 byte[] daysArray = BitConverter.GetBytes(days.Days); byte[] msecsArray = BitConverter.GetBytes((long) (msecs.TotalMilliseconds / 3.333333)); // Reverse the bytes to match SQL Servers ordering Array.Reverse(daysArray); Array.Reverse(msecsArray); // Copy the bytes into the guid Array.Copy(daysArray, daysArray.Length - 2, guidArray, guidArray.Length - 6, 2); Array.Copy(msecsArray, msecsArray.Length - 4, guidArray, guidArray.Length - 4, 4); return new Guid(guidArray); } First of all, for *1), wouldn't it be better to have a more recent date as the baseDate, e.g. 2000-01-01, so as to make room for more values in the future? Regarding *2), why would we care about the accuracy for DateTimes in SQL Server, when we only are interested in the bytes of the datetime anyway, and never intend to store the value in an SQL Server datetime field? Wouldn't it be better to use all the accuracy available from DateTime.Now?

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• How to sort objects in a many-to-many relationship in ruby on rails?

  - by Kenji Kina

  I've been trying to deal with this problem for a couple of hours now and haven't been able to come up with a clean solution. It seems I'm not too good with rails... Anyway, I have the following: In code: class Article < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :line_aspects, :dependent => :destroy has_many :aspects, :through => :line_aspects #plus a name field end class LineAspect < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :article belongs_to :aspect end class Aspect < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :data_type has_many :line_aspects has_many :articles, :through => :line_aspects end Now, what I would like to do, is to sort these in two steps. First list of Articles by their Articles.name, and then inside sort them by Aspect.name (note, not the middleman). For instance, alphabetically (sorry if the notation is not correct): [{ article => 'Apple', line_aspects => [ {:value => 'red'}, #corresponding to the Attribute with :name => 'color' {:value => 'small'} #corresponding to the Attribute with :name => 'shape' ] },{ article => 'Watermelon', line_aspects => [ {:value => 'green'}, #corresponding to the Attribute with :name => 'color' {:value => 'big'} #corresponding to the Attribute with :name => 'shape' ] }] Again, note that these are ordered by the aspect name (color before shape) instead of the specific values of each line (red before green). (NOTE: My intention is to displaye these in a table in the view) I have not found a good way to do this in rails yet (without resorting to N queries). Can anyone tell me a good way to do it?

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• Issue in parsing the GridViewRows in a Telerik RadGridView

  - by cricketmovies

  Hi, I would like to do something similar what we do in ASP.NET where we parse through all the rows in a GridView and assign a particular value to a particular cell in a row which has a matching TaskId as the current Id. This has to happen in a Tick function of a Dispatcher Timer object. Since I have a Start Timer button Column for every row in a GridView. Upon a particular row's Start Timer Button click, I have to start its timer and display in a cell in that row. Similarly there can be multiple timers running in parallel. For this I need to be able to check the task Id of the particular task and keep updating the cell values with the updated time in all of the tasks that have a Timer Started. TimeSpan TimeRemaining = somevalue; string CurrentTaskId = "100"; foreach(GridViewRow row in RadGridView1.Rows) // Here I tried RadGridView1.ChildrenOfType() as well but it has null { if( (row.DataContext as Task).TaskId == CurrentTaskId ) row.Cells[2].Content = a.TaskTimeRemaining.ToString(); } Can someone please let me know how do I get this functionality using the Telerik RadGridView? Cheers, Syed.

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• MySQL where condition but not limited by it

  - by Manny Calavera

  Hello. I would like to run a query on my database like this: SELECT SUM( t1.value ) AS total1, SUM( t2.value ) AS total2, SUM( t3.value ) AS total3, SUM( t4.value ) AS total4 FROM pay1 t1, pay2 t2, pay3 t3, pay4 t4 WHERE t1.date = '2010-04-29' AND t2.date = '2010-04-29' AND t3.date = '2010-04-29' AND t4.date = '2010-04-29' I am generating a report on payments and I would like to see a total of payments from each table based on the matching date. The problem is that some of the tables would not meet the condition of date and I want them to show up with 0 value if not. Currently, if any of the tables does not match the date, I get 0 results. I want to display value of 0 anywhere the date is not met and other fields should appear with the found values. The perfect operand for me would be "ANDOR" so that it won't be limited by any date that doesn't math in any table. Unfortunately, ANDOR does not exist as I am aware of so what should I do ? Can anyone help ? Thanks.

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• how to clear jqgrid when i click button in asp.net mvc

  - by sandeep

  hi ,i am new to jqgrid , i'm placing the code what i did .my question is that when i click html button i need to refresh the grid value with new values?how i pass paramateres to controller? thanks in advance jQuery(document).ready(function() { $("#btnSearch").click(function() { jqGridContainer.dir. var StateId = document.getElementById('StateId').value; var CityId = document.getElementById('CityId').value; var HName = document.getElementById('HospitalName').value; alert(CityId); alert(StateId); alert(HName); if (StateId 0 && CityId == '' && HName == '') { CityId = 0; HName = 'Default'.toString(); alert("elseif0" + HName.toString()); } else if (CityId 0 && StateId == '') { alert("elseif1"); alert("Please Select State..") } else if (CityId 0 && StateId 0 && HName == '') { alert("elseif2"); alert(CityId); alert(StateId); HName = "Default"; } else { alert("else"); StateId = 0; CityId = 0; HName = "Default"; } // $("#Submit1").click(function() { // //{ function gridReload() { // //var customer = $(this).val(); // $('#list').setGridParam({ url: '/Claim/DynamicGridData/?StateId=' + StateId + '&CityId=' + CityId + '&hospname=' + HName, page: 1 // }).trigger("reloadGrid"); // Submit1.trigger("reloadGrid"); jQuery("#list").jqGrid({ url: '/Claim/DynamicGridData/?StateId=' + StateId + '&CityId=' + CityId + '&hospname=' + HName, datatype: 'json', mtype: 'GET', colNames: ['Id', 'HospitalName', 'Address', 'City', 'District', 'FaxNumber', 'PhoneNumber'], colModel: [{ name: 'HospitalId', index: 'HospitalId', width: 40, align: 'left' }, { name: 'HospitalName', index: 'HospitalName', width: 40, align: 'left' }, { name: 'Address1', Address: 'Address1', width: 300 }, { name: 'CityName', index: 'CityName', width: 100 }, { name: 'DistName', index: 'DistName', width: 100 }, { name: 'FaxNo', index: 'FaxNo', width: 100 }, { name: 'ContactNo1', index: 'PhoneNumber', width: 100 } ], jsonReader: { repeatitems: true, id: "0" }, pager: jQuery('#pager'), rowNum: 10, rowList: [5, 10, 20, 50], // sortname: 'Id,', sortname: '1', sortorder: "asc", viewrecords: true, //multiselect: true, //multikey: "ctrlKey", imgpath: '/scripts/themes/coffee/images', caption: 'Hospital Search', width: 700, height: 250 }); }); });

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• Alternatives to using web.config to store settings (for complex solutions)

  - by Brian MacKay

  In our web applications, we seperate our Data Access Layers out into their own projects. This creates some problems related to settings. Because the DAL will eventually need to be consumed from perhaps more than one application, web.config does not seem like a good place to keep the connection strings and some of the other DAL-related settings. To solve this, on some of our recent projects we introduced a third project just for settings. We put the setting in a system of .Setting files... With a simple wrapper, the ability to have different settings for various enviroments (Dev, QA, Staging, Production, etc) was easy to achieve. The only problem there is that the settings project (including the .Settings class) compiles into an assembly, so you can't change it without doing a build/deployment, and some of our customers want to be able to configure their projects without Visual Studio. So, is there a best practice for this? I have that sense that I'm reinventing the wheel. Some solutions such as storing settings in a fixed directory on the server in, say, our own XML format occurred to us. But again, I would rather avoid having to re-create encryption for sensitive values and so on. And I would rather keep the solution self-contained if possible. EDIT: The original question did not contain the really penetrating reason that we can't (I think) use web.config ... That puts a few (very good) answers out of context, my bad.

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• Python access an object byref / Need tagging

  - by Aaron C. de Bruyn

  I need to suck data from stdin and create a object. The incoming data is between 5 and 10 lines long. Each line has a process number and either an IP address or a hash. For example: pid=123 ip=192.168.0.1 - some data pid=123 hash=ABCDEF0123 - more data hash=ABCDEF123 - More data ip=192.168.0.1 - even more data I need to put this data into a class like: class MyData(): pid = None hash = None ip = None lines = [] I need to be able to look up the object by IP, HASH, or PID. The tough part is that there are multiple streams of data intermixed coming from stdin. (There could be hundreds or thousands of processes writing data at the same time.) I have regular expressions pulling out the PID, IP, and HASH that I need, but how can I access the object by any of those values? My thought was to do something like this: myarray = {} for each line in sys.stdin.readlines(): if pid and ip: #If we can get a PID out of the line myarray[pid] = MyData().pid = pid #Create a new MyData object, assign the PID, and stick it in myarray accessible by PID. myarray[pid].ip = ip #Add the IP address to the new object myarray[pid].lines.append(data) #Append the data myarray[ip] = myarray[pid] #Take the object by PID and create a key from the IP. <snip>do something similar for pid and hash, hash and ip, etc...</snip> This gives my an array with two keys (a PID and an IP) and they both point to the same object. But on the next iteration of the loop, if I find (for example) an IP and HASH and do: myarray[hash] = myarray[ip] The following is False: myarray[hash] == myarray[ip] Hopefully that was clear. I hate to admit that waaay back in the VB days, I remember being able handle objects byref instead of byval. Is there something similar in Python? Or am I just approaching this wrong?

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• C#: Easy access to the member of a singleton ICollection<> ?

  - by Rosarch

  I have an ICollection that I know will only ever have one member. Currently, I loop through it, knowing the loop will only ever run once, to grab the value. Is there a cleaner way to do this? I could alter the persistentState object to return single values, but that would complicate the rest of the interface. It's grabbing data from XML, and for the most part ICollections are appropriate. // worldMapLinks ensured to be a singleton ICollection<IDictionary<string, string>> worldMapLinks = persistentState.GetAllOfType("worldMapLink"); string levelName = ""; //worldMapLinks.GetEnumerator().Current['filePath']; // this loop will only run once foreach (IDictionary<string, string> dict in worldMapLinks) // hacky hack hack hack { levelName = dict["filePath"]; } // proceed with levelName loadLevel(levelName); Here is another example of the same issue: // meta will be a singleton ICollection<IDictionary<string, string>> meta = persistentState.GetAllOfType("meta"); foreach (IDictionary<string, string> dict in meta) // this loop should only run once. HACKS. { currentLevelName = dict["name"]; currentLevelCaption = dict["teaserCaption"]; } Yet another example: private Vector2 startPositionOfKV(ICollection<IDictionary<string, string>> dicts) { Vector2 result = new Vector2(); foreach (IDictionary<string, string> dict in dicts) // this loop will only ever run once { result.X = Single.Parse(dict["x"]); result.Y = Single.Parse(dict["y"]); } return result; }

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• ASP.NET MVC UpdateModel doesn't update inherited public properties??

  - by mrjoltcola

  I refactored some common properties into a base class and immediately my model updates started failing. UpdateModel() and TryUpdateModel() do not seem to update inherited public properties. I cannot find detailed info on MSDN nor Google as to the rules or semantics of these methods. The docs are terse (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd470933.aspx), simply stating: Updates the specified model instance using values from the controller's current value provider. Well that leads us to believe it is as simple as that. It makes no mention of limitations with inheritance. My assumption is the methods are reflecting on the top class only, ignoring base properties, but this seems to be an ugly shortcoming, if so. SOLVED: Eep, this turned out to have nothing to do with inheritance. My base class was implemented with public fields, not properties. Switching them to formal properties (adding {get; set; }) was all I needed. This has bitten me before, I keep wanting to use simple, public fields.

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• Important question about linq to SQL performance on high loaded web applications

  - by Alex

  I started working with linq to SQL several weeks ago. I got really tired of working with SQL server directly through the SQL queries (sqldatareader, sqlcommand and all this good stuff).  After hearing about linq to SQL and mvc I quickly moved all my projects to these technologies. I expected linq to SQL work slower but it suprisongly turned out to be pretty fast, primarily because I always forgot to close my connections when using datareaders. Now I don't have to worry about it. But there's one problem that really bothers me. There's one page that's requested thousands of times a day. The system gets data in the beginning, works with it and updates it. Primarily the updates are ++ @ -- (increase and decrease values). I used to do it like this UPDATE table SET value=value+1 WHERE ID=@I'd It worked with no problems obviously. But with linq to SQL the data is taken in the beginning, moved to the class, changed and then saved. Stats.registeredusers++; Db.submitchanges(); Let's say there were 100 000 users. Linq will say "let it be 100 001" instead of "let it be increased by 1". But if there value of users has already been increased (that happens in my site all the time) then linq will be like oops, this value is already 100 001. Whatever I'll throw an exception" You can change this behavior so that it won't throw an exception but it still will not set the value to 100 002. Like I said, it happened with me all the time. The stas value was increased twice a second on average. I simply had to rewrite this chunk of code with classic ado net. So my question is how can you solve the problem with linq

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• Linq join two dictionaries using a common key

  - by rboarman

  Hello, I am trying to join two Dictionary collections together based on a common lookup value. var idList = new Dictionary<int, int>(); idList.Add(1, 1); idList.Add(3, 3); idList.Add(5, 5); var lookupList = new Dictionary<int, int>(); lookupList.Add(1, 1000); lookupList.Add(2, 1001); lookupList.Add(3, 1002); lookupList.Add(4, 1003); lookupList.Add(5, 1004); lookupList.Add(6, 1005); lookupList.Add(7, 1006); // Something like this: var q = from id in idList.Keys join entry in lookupList on entry.Key equals id select entry.Value; The Linq statement above is only an example and does not compile. For each entry in the idList, pull the value from the lookupList based on matching Keys. The result should be a list of Values from lookupList (1000, 1002, 1004). What’s the easiest way to do this using Linq? Thank you, Rick

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• Differing styles in Python program: what do you suggest?

  - by Noctis Skytower

  A friend of mine wanted help learning to program, so he gave me all the programs that he wrote for his previous classes. The last program that he wrote was an encryption program, and after rewriting all his programs in Python, this is how his encryption program turned out (after adding my own requirements). #! /usr/bin/env python ################################################################################ """\ CLASS INFORMATION ----------------- Program Name: Program 11 Programmer: Stephen Chappell Instructor: Stephen Chappell for CS 999-0, Python Due Date: 17 May 2010 DOCUMENTATION ------------- This is a simple encryption program that can encode and decode messages.""" ################################################################################ import sys KEY_FILE = 'Key.txt' BACKUP = '''\ !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO\ PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ _@/6-UC'GzaV0%5Mo9g+yNh8b">Bi=<Lx [sQn#^R.D2Xc(\ Jm!4e${lAEWud&t7]H\`}pvPw)FY,Z~?qK|3SOfk*:1;jTrI''' ################################################################################ def main(): "Run the program: loads key, runs processing loop, and saves key." encode_map, decode_map = load_key(KEY_FILE) try: run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map) except SystemExit: pass save_key(KEY_FILE, encode_map) def run_interface_loop(encode_map, decode_map): "Shows the menu and runs the appropriate command." print('This program handles encryption via a customizable key.') while True: print('''\ MENU ==== (1) Encode (2) Decode (3) Custom (4) Finish''') switch = get_character('Select: ', tuple('1234')) FUNC[switch](encode_map, decode_map) def get_character(prompt, choices): "Gets a valid menu option and returns it." while True: sys.stdout.write(prompt) sys.stdout.flush() line = sys.stdin.readline()[:-1] if not line: sys.exit() if line in choices: return line print(repr(line), 'is not a valid choice.') ################################################################################ def load_key(filename): "Gets the key file data and returns encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = open_file(filename) return dict(zip(plain, cypher)), dict(zip(cypher, plain)) def open_file(filename): "Load the keys and tries to create it when not available." while True: try: with open(filename) as file: plain, cypher = file.read().split('\n') return plain, cypher except: with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(BACKUP) def save_key(filename, encode_map): "Dumps the map into two buffers and saves them to the key file." plain = cypher = str() for p, c in encode_map.items(): plain += p cypher += c with open(filename, 'w') as file: file.write(plain + '\n' + cypher) ################################################################################ def encode(encode_map, decode_map): "Encodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to encode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(encode_map[char] if char in encode_map else char) def decode(encode_map, decode_map): "Decodes message for the user." print('Enter your message to decode (EOF when finished).') message = get_message() for char in message: sys.stdout.write(decode_map[char] if char in decode_map else char) def custom(encode_map, decode_map): "Allows user to edit the encoding/decoding dictionaries." plain, cypher = get_new_mapping() for p, c in zip(plain, cypher): encode_map[p] = c decode_map[c] = p ################################################################################ def get_message(): "Gets and returns text entered by the user (until EOF)." buffer = [] while True: line = sys.stdin.readline() if line: buffer.append(line) else: return ''.join(buffer) def get_new_mapping(): "Prompts for strings to edit encoding/decoding maps." while True: plain = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode from?') cypher = get_unique_chars('What do you want to encode to?') if len(plain) == len(cypher): return plain, cypher print('Both lines should have the same length.') def get_unique_chars(prompt): "Gets strings that only contain unique characters." print(prompt) while True: line = input() if len(line) == len(set(line)): return line print('There were duplicate characters: please try again.') ################################################################################ # This map is used for dispatching commands in the interface loop. FUNC = {'1': encode, '2': decode, '3': custom, '4': lambda a, b: sys.exit()} ################################################################################ if __name__ == '__main__': main() For all those Python programmers out there, your help is being requested. How should the formatting (not necessarily the coding by altered to fit Python's style guide? My friend does not need to be learning things that are not correct. If you have suggestions on the code, feel free to post them to this wiki as well.

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• Safe way to set computed environment variables

  - by sfink

  I have a bash script that I am modifying to accept key=value pairs from stdin. (It is spawned by xinetd.) How can I safely convert those key=value pairs into environment variables for subprocesses? I plan to only allow keys that begin with a predefined prefix "CMK_", to avoid IFS or any other "dangerous" variable getting set. But the simplistic approach function import () { local IFS="=" while read key val; do case "$key" in CMK_*) eval "$key=$val";; esac done } is horribly insecure because $val could contain all sorts of nasty stuff. This seems like it would work: shopt -s extglob function import () { NORMAL_IFS="$IFS" local IFS="=" while read key val; do case "$key" in CMK_*([a-zA-Z_]) ) IFS="$NORMAL_IFS" eval $key='$val' IFS="=" ;; esac done } but (1) it uses the funky extglob thing that I've never used before, and (2) it's complicated enough that I can't be comfortable that it's secure. My goal, to be specific, is to allow key=value settings to pass through the bash script into the environment of called processes. It is up to the subprocesses to deal with potentially hostile values getting set. I am modifying someone else's script, so I don't want to just convert it to Perl and be done with it. I would also rather not change it around to invoke the subprocesses differently, something like #!/bin/sh ...start of script... perl -nle '($k,$v)=split(/=/,$_,2); $ENV{$k}=$v if $k =~ /^CMK_/; END { exec("subprocess") }' ...end of script...

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• Pass Variable to Java Method from an Ant Target

  - by user200317

  At the moment I have a .properties file to store settings related to the framework. Example: default.auth.url=http://someserver-at008:8080/ default.screenshots=false default.dumpHTML=false And I have written a class to extract those values and here is the method of that class. public static String getResourceAsStream(String defaultProp) { String defaultPropValue = null; //String keys = null; try { InputStream inputStream = SeleniumDefaultProperties.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(PROP_FILE); Properties properties = new Properties(); //load the input stream using properties. properties.load(inputStream); defaultPropValue = properties.getProperty(defaultProp); }catch (IOException e) { log.error("Something wrong with .properties file, check the location.", e); } return defaultPropValue; } Throughout the application I use method like follows to just exact property needed, public String getBrowserDefaultCommand() { String bcmd = SeleniumDefaultProperties.getResourceAsStream("default.browser.command"); if(bcmd.equals("")) handleMissingConfigProperties(SeleniumDefaultProperties.getResourceAsStream("default.browser.command")); return bcmd; } But I have not decided do a change to this and use ant and pass a parameter instead of using it from .properties file. I was wondering how could I pass a value to a Java Method using ANT. Non of these classes have Main methods and will not have any main. Due to this I was unable to use it as a java system properties. Thanks in advance.

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• Misalignement in the output Bitmap created from a byte array

  - by Daniel

  I am trying to understand why I have troubles creating a Bitmap from a byte array. I post this after a careful scrutiny of the existing posts about Bitmap creation from byte arrays, like the followings: Creating a bitmap from a byte[], Working with Image and Bitmap in c#?, C#: Bitmap Creation using bytes array My code is aimed to execute a filter on a digital image 8bppIndexed writing the pixel value on a byte [] buffer to be converted again (after some processing to manage gray levels) in a 8BppIndexed Bitmap My input image is a trivial image created by means of specific perl code: https://www.box.com/shared/zqt46c4pcvmxhc92i7ct Of course, after executing the filter the output image has lost the first and last rows and the first and last columns, due to the way the filter manage borders, so from the original 256 x 256 image i get a 254 x 254 image. Just to stay focused on the issue I have commented the code responsible for executing the filter so that the operation really performed is an obvious: ComputedPixel = InputImage.GetPixel(myColumn, myRow).R; I know, i should use lock and unlock but I prefer one headache one by one. Anyway this code should be a sort of identity transform, and at last i use: private unsafe void FillOutputImage() { OutputImage = new Bitmap (OutputImageCols, OutputImageRows , PixelFormat .Format8bppIndexed); ColorPalette ncp = OutputImage.Palette; for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) ncp.Entries[i] = Color .FromArgb(255, i, i, i); OutputImage.Palette = ncp; Rectangle area = new Rectangle(0, 0, OutputImageCols, OutputImageRows); var data = OutputImage.LockBits(area, ImageLockMode.WriteOnly, OutputImage.PixelFormat); Marshal .Copy (byteBuffer, 0, data.Scan0, byteBuffer.Length); OutputImage.UnlockBits(data); } The output image I get is the following: https://www.box.com/shared/p6tubyi6dsf7cyregg9e It is quite clear that I am losing a pixel per row, but i cannot understand why: I have carefully controlled all the parameters: OutputImageCols, OutputImageRows and the byte [] byteBuffer length and content even writing known values as way to test. The code is nearly identical to other code posted in stackOverflow and elsewhere. Someone maybe could help to identify where the problem is? Thanks a lot

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• jquery ui drag and drop showing feedback

  - by sea_1987

  Hi there, I have some drag and drop functionality on my website, I am wanting to hightlight the area that is droppable with a chage in border color when the draggable element is clicked/starting to be dragged. If the click/or drag stops I want the border of the droppable element to change back to its origianl state, I currently have this code, but it does not work very well. $(".drag_check").draggable({helper:"clone", opacity:"0.5"}); $(".drag_check").mousedown(function() { $('.searchPage').css("border", "solid 3px #00FF66").fadeIn(1000); }); $(".drag_check").mouseup(function(){ $('.searchPage').css("border", "solid 3px #E2E5F1").fadeIn(1000); }) $(".searchPage").droppable({ accept:".drag_check", hoverClass: "dropHover", drop: function(ev, ui) { var droppedItem = ui.draggable.children(); cv_file = ui.draggable.map(function() {//map the names and values of each of the selected checkboxes into array return ui.draggable.children().attr('name')+"="+ui.draggable.children().attr('value'); }).get(); var link = ui.draggable.children().attr('name').substr(ui.draggable.children().attr('name').indexOf("[")+1, ui.draggable.children().attr('name').lastIndexOf("]")-8) $.ajax({ type:"POST", url:"/search", data:ui.draggable.children().attr('name')+"="+ui.draggable.children().val()+"&save=Save CVs", success:function(){ window.alert(cv_file+"&save=Save CVs"); $('.shortList').append('<li><span class="inp_bg"><input type="checkbox" name="remove_cv'+link+'" value="Y" /></span><a href="/cv/'+link+'/">'+link+'</a></li>'); $('.searchPage').css("border", "solid 3px #E2E5F1").fadeIn(1000); }, error:function() { alert("Somthing has gone wrong"); } }); } });

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• Database relationships using phpmyAdmin (composite keys)

  - by Cool Hand Luke UK

  Hi, I hope this question is not me being dense. I am using phpmyAdmin to create a database. I have the following four tables. Don't worry about that fact place and price are optional they just are. Person (Mandatory) Item (Mandatory) Place (Optional) Price (Optional) Item is the main table. It will always have person linked. * I know you do joins in mysql for the tables. If I want to link the tables together I could use composite keys (using the ids from each table), however is this the most correct way to link the tables? It also means item will have 5 ids including its own. This all cause null values (apparently a big no no, which I can understand) because if place and price are optional and are not used on one entry to the items table I will have a null value there. Please help! Thanks in advance. I hope this makes sense.

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• Rails - handling global site settings

  - by egarcia

  I'm developing a new rails application which is supposed to be installed several times in order to implement several sites. There are some things, like the "Site Title" or the "Default Number of Items per Page" that clearly belong to a "global settings" table / config file. I've made a list of the things I think I'll need: ActiveRecord model that is capable of: Storing different kinds of data. I suppose this would be accomplished encoding the values on a string on the db, probably with a "type" field. Indexing settings by name Validations based on a "type" attribute (i.e. don't accept invalid dates on "date" settings) Validations based on a allows_nil property. A controller that allows me to change settings via views. I'm pretty sure I could implement this myself, but I'm not willing to reinvent the wheel. I've done some searching, but I could only find rails-settings, which doesn't really serve me: I need a proper model & controller so I can use declarative-authorization, and it does not provide any controller or view facilities. Is there a gem or plugin out there that implements what I want, or any library I should look at? Thanks a lot.

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