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• MMGR Questions, code use and thread-saftey

  - by chadb

  1) Is MMGR thread safe? 2) I was hoping someone could help me understand some code. I am looking at something where a macro is used, but I don't understand the macro. I know it contains a function call and an if check, however, the function is a void function. How does wrapping "(m_setOwner (FILE,_LINE_,FUNCTION),false)" ever change return types? #define someMacro (m_setOwner(__FILE__,__LINE__,__FUNCTION__),false) ? NULL : new ... void m_setOwner(const char *file, const unsigned int line, const char *func); 3) What is the point of the reservoir? 4) On line 770 ("void *operator new(size_t reportedSize)" there is the line "// ANSI says: allocation requests of 0 bytes will still return a valid value" Who/what is ANSI in this context? Do they mean the standards? 5) This is more of C++ standards, but where does "reportedSize" come from for "void *operator new(size_t reportedSize)"? 6) Is this the code that is actually doing the allocation needed? "au-actualAddress = malloc(au-actualSize);"

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• Access to map data

  - by herzl shemuelian

  I have a complex map that defined typedef short short1 typedef short short2 typedef map<short1,short2> data_list; typedef map<string,list> table_list; I have a class that fill table_list class GroupingClass { table_list m_table_list; string Buildkey(OD e1){ string ostring; ostring+=string(e1.m_Date,sizeof(Date)); ostring+=string(e1.m_CT,sizeof(CT)); ostring+=string(e1.m_PT,sizeof(PT)); return ostring; } void operator() (const map<short1,short2>::value_type& myPair) { OptionsDefine e1=myPair.second; string key=Buildkey(e1); m_table_list[key][e1.m_short2]=e1.m_short2; } operator table_list() { return m_table_list; } }; and I use it by table_list TL2 GroupingClass gc; TL2=for_each(mapOD.begin(), mapOD.end(), gc); but when I try to access to internal map I have problems for example data_list tmp; tmp=TL2["AAAA"]; short i=tmp[1]; //I dont update i variable but if i use a loop by itrator this work properly why this no work at first way thanks herzl

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• Error using to_char // to_timetamp

  - by pepersview

  Hello, I have a database in PostgreSQL and I'm developing an application in PHP using this database. The problem is that when I execute the following query I get a nice result in phpPgAdmin but in my PHP application I get an error. The query: SELECT t.t_name, t.t_firstname FROM teachers AS t WHERE t.id_teacher IN (SELECT id_teacher FROM teacher_course AS tcourse JOIN course_timetable AS coursetime ON tcourse.course = coursetime.course AND to_char(to_timestamp('2010-4-12', 'YYYY-MM-DD'),'FMD') = (coursetime.day +1)) AND t.id_teacher NOT IN (SELECT id_teacher FROM teachers_fill WHERE date = '2010-4-12') ORDER BY t.t_name ASC And this is the error in PHP operator does not exist: text = integer (to_timestamp('', 'YYYY-MM-DD'),'FMD') = (courset... ^ HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You might need to add explicit type casts. The purpose to solve this error is to use the ORIGINAL query in php with : $date = "2010"."-".$selected_month."-".$selected_day; SELECT t.t_name, t.t_firstname FROM teachers AS t WHERE t.id_teacher IN (SELECT id_teacher FROM teacher_course AS tcourse JOIN course_timetable AS coursetime ON tcourse.course = coursetime.course AND to_char(to_timestamp('$date', 'YYYY-MM-DD'),'FMD') = (coursetime.day +1)) AND t.id_teacher NOT IN (SELECT id_teacher FROM teachers_fill WHERE date = '$date') ORDER BY t.t_name ASC

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• Evaluate an expression tree

  - by Phronima

  Hi, This project that I'm working on requires that an expression tree be constructed from a string of single digit operands and operators both represented as type char. I did the implmentation and the program up to that point works fine. I'm able to print out the inorder, preorder and postorder traversals in the correct way. The last part calls for evaulating the expression tree. The parameters are an expression tree "t" and its root "root". The expression tree is ((3+2)+(6+2)) which is equal to 13. Instead I get 11 as the answer. Clearly I'm missing something here and I've done everything short of bashing my head against the desk. I would greatly appreciate it if someone can point me in the right direction. (Note that at this point I'm only testing addition and will add in the other operators when I get this method working.) public int evalExpression( LinkedBinaryTree t, BTNode root ) { if( t.isInternal( root ) ) { int x = 0, y = 0, value = 0; char operator = root.element(); if( root.getLeft() != null ) x = evalExpression(t, t.left( root ) ); if( root.getRight() != null ) y = evalExpression(t, t.right( root ) ); if( operator == '+' ) { value = value + Character.getNumericValue(x) + Character.getNumericValue(y); } return value; } else { return root.element(); } }

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• Why strings behave like ValueType

  - by AJP

  I was perplexed after executing this piece of code, where strings seems to behave as if they are value types. I am wondering whether the assignment operator is operating on values like equality operator for strings. Here is the piece of code I did to test this behavior. using System; namespace RefTypeDelimma { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { string a1, a2; a1 = "ABC"; a2 = a1; //This should assign a1 reference to a2 a2 = "XYZ"; //I expect this should change the a1 value to "XYZ" Console.WriteLine("a1:" + a1 + ", a2:" + a2);//Outputs a1:ABC, a2:XYZ //Expected: a1:XYZ, a2:XYZ (as string being a ref type) Proc(a2); //Altering values of ref types inside a procedure //should reflect in the variable thats being passed into Console.WriteLine("a1: " + a1 + ", a2: " + a2); //Outputs a1:ABC, a2:XYZ //Expected: a1:NEW_VAL, a2:NEW_VAL (as string being a ref type) } static void Proc(string Val) { Val = "NEW_VAL"; } } } In the above code if I use a custom classes instead of strings, I am getting the expected behavior. I doubt is this something to do with the string immutability? welcoming expert views on this.

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• Should I delete the string members of a C++ class?

  - by Bobby

  If I have the following declaration: #include <iostream> #include <string> class DEMData { private: int bitFldPos; int bytFldPos; std::string byteOrder; std::string desS; std::string engUnit; std::string oTag; std::string valType; int idx; public: DEMData(); DEMData(const DEMData &d); void SetIndex(int idx); int GetIndex() const; void SetValType(const char* valType); const char* GetValType() const; void SetOTag(const char* oTag); const char* GetOTag() const; void SetEngUnit(const char* engUnit); const char* GetEngUnit() const; void SetDesS(const char* desS); const char* GetDesS() const; void SetByteOrder(const char* byteOrder); const char* GetByteOrder() const; void SetBytFldPos(int bytFldPos); int GetBytFldPos() const; void SetBitFldPos(int bitFldPos); int GetBitFldPos() const; friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &stream, DEMData d); bool operator==(const DEMData &d) const; ~DEMData(); }; what code should be in the destructor? Should I "delete" the std::string fields?

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• How to extract data from F# list

  - by David White

  Following up my previous question, I'm slowly getting the hang of FParsec (though I do find it particularly hard to grok). My next newbie F# question is, how do I extract data from the list the parser creates? For example, I loaded the sample code from the previous question into a module called Parser.fs, and added a very simple unit test in a separate module (with the appropriate references). I'm using XUnit: open Xunit [<Fact>] let Parse_1_ShouldReturnListContaining1 () = let interim = Parser.parse("1") Assert.False(List.isEmpty(interim)) let head = interim.Head // I realise that I have only one item in the list this time Assert.Equal("1", ???) Interactively, when I execute parse "1" the response is: val it : Element list = [Number "1"] and by tweaking the list of valid operators, I can run parse "1+1" to get: val it : Element list = [Number "1"; Operator "+"; Number "1"] What do I need to put in place of my ??? in the snippet above? And how do I check that it is a Number, rather than an Operator, etc.?

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• Threads are blocked in malloc and free, virtual size

  - by Albert Wang

  Hi, I'm running a 64-bit multi-threaded program on the windows server 2003 server (X64), It run into a case that some of the threads seem to be blocked in the malloc or free function forever. The stack trace is like follows: ntdll.dll!NtWaitForSingleObject() + 0xa bytes ntdll.dll!RtlpWaitOnCriticalSection() - 0x1aa bytes ntdll.dll!RtlEnterCriticalSection() + 0xb040 bytes ntdll.dll!RtlpDebugPageHeapAllocate() + 0x2f6 bytes ntdll.dll!RtlDebugAllocateHeap() + 0x40 bytes ntdll.dll!RtlAllocateHeapSlowly() + 0x5e898 bytes ntdll.dll!RtlAllocateHeap() - 0x1711a bytes MyProg.exe!malloc(unsigned __int64 size=0) Line 168 C MyProg.exe!operator new(unsigned __int64 size=1) Line 59 + 0x5 bytes C++ ntdll.dll!NtWaitForSingleObject() ntdll.dll!RtlpWaitOnCriticalSection() ntdll.dll!RtlEnterCriticalSection() ntdll.dll!RtlpDebugPageHeapFree() ntdll.dll!RtlDebugFreeHeap() ntdll.dll!RtlFreeHeapSlowly() ntdll.dll!RtlFreeHeap() MyProg.exe!free(void * pBlock=0x000000007e8e4fe0) C BTW, the param values passed to the new operator is not correct here maybe due to optimization. Also, at the same time, I found in the process Explorer, the virtual size of this program is 10GB, but the private bytes and working set is very small (<2GB). We did have some threads using virtualalloc but in a way that commit the memory in the call, and these threads are not blocked. m_pBuf = VirtualAlloc(NULL, m_size, MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_READWRITE); ...... VirtualFree(m_pBuf, 0, MEM_RELEASE); This looks strange to me, seems a lot of virtual space is reserved but not committed, and malloc/free is blocked by lock. I'm guessing if there's any corruptions in the memory/object, so plan to turn on gflag with pageheap to troubleshoot this. Does anyone has similar experience on this before? Could you share with me so I may get more hints? Thanks a lot!

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• C++ Template problem adding two data types

  - by Sara

  I have a template class with an overloaded + operator. This is working fine when I am adding two ints or two doubles. How do I get it to add and int and a double and return the double? template <class T> class TemplateTest { private: T x; public: TemplateTest<T> operator+(const TemplateTest<T>& t1)const { return TemplateTest<T>(x + t1.x); } } in my main function i have void main() { TemplateTest intTt1 = TemplateTest<int>(2); TemplateTest intTt2 = TemplateTest<int>(4); TemplateTest doubleTt1 = TemplateTest<double>(2.1d); TemplateTest doubleTt2 = TemplateTest<double>(2.5d); std::cout << intTt1 + intTt2 << /n; std::cout << doubleTt1 + doubleTt2 << /n; } I want to be able to also do this std::cout << doubleTt1 + intTt2 << /n;

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• Conversion between different template instantiation of the same template

  - by Naveen

  I am trying to write an operator which converts between the differnt types of the same implementation. This is the sample code: template <class T = int> class A { public: A() : m_a(0){} template <class U> operator A<U>() { A<U> u; u.m_a = m_a; return u; } private: int m_a; }; int main(void) { A<int> a; A<double> b = a; return 0; } However, it gives the following error for line u.m_a = m_a;. Error 2 error C2248: 'A::m_a' : cannot access private member declared in class 'A' d:\VC++\Vs8Console\Vs8Console\Vs8Console.cpp 30 Vs8Console I understand the error is because A<U> is a totally different type from A<T>. Is there any simple way of solving this (may be using a friend?) other than providing setter and getter methods? I am using Visual studio 2008 if it matters.

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• std::map keys in C++

  - by Soumava

  I have a requirement to create two different maps in C++. The Key is of type CHAR * and the Value is a pointer to a struct. I am filling 2 maps with these pairs, in separate iterations. After creating both maps I need find all such instances in which the value of the string referenced by the CHAR * are same. For this i am using the following code : typedef struct _STRUCTTYPE { .. } STRUCTTYPE, *PSTRUCTTYPE; typedef pair {CHAR *,PSTRUCTTYPE} kvpair; .. CHAR *xyz; PSTRUCTTYPE abc; after filling the information; Map.insert (kvpair(xyz,abc)); the above is repeated x times for the first map, and y times for the second map. after both are filled out; std::map {CHAR *, PSTRUCTTYPE} :: iterator Iter,findIter; for (Iter=iteratedMap-begin();Iter!=iteratedMap-end();mapIterator++) { char *key = Iter-first; printf("%s\n",key); findIter=otherMap-find(key); //printf("%u",findIter-second); if (findIter!=otherMap-end()) { printf("Match!\n"); } } The above code does not show any match, although the list of keys in both maps show obvious matches. My understanding is that the equals operator for CHAR * just equates the memory address of the pointers. My question is, what should i do to alter the equals operator for this type of key or could I use a different datatype for the string? *note : {} has been used instead of angle brackets as the content inside angle brackets was not showing up in the post.

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• How to support comparisons for QVariant objects containing a custom type?

  - by Tyler McHenry

  According to the Qt documentation, QVariant::operator== does not work as one might expect if the variant contains a custom type: bool QVariant::operator== ( const QVariant & v ) const Compares this QVariant with v and returns true if they are equal; otherwise returns false. In the case of custom types, their equalness operators are not called. Instead the values' addresses are compared. How are you supposed to get this to behave meaningfully for your custom types? In my case, I'm storing an enumerated value in a QVariant, e.g. In a header: enum MyEnum { Foo, Bar }; Q_DECLARE_METATYPE(MyEnum); Somewhere in a function: QVariant var1 = QVariant::fromValue<MyEnum>(Foo); QVariant var2 = QVariant::fromValue<MyEnum>(Foo); assert(var1 == var2); // Fails! What do I need to do differently in order for this assertion to be true? I understand why it's not working -- each variant is storing a separate copy of the enumerated value, so they have different addresses. I want to know how I can change my approach to storing these values in variants so that either this is not an issue, or so that they do both reference the same underlying variable. It don't think it's possible for me to get around needing equality comparisons to work. The context is that I am using this enumeration as the UserData in items in a QComboBox and I want to be able to use QComboBox::findData to locate the item index corresponding to a particular enumerated value.

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• Using a variable in a mysql query, in a C++ MFC program.

  - by D.Gaughan

  Hi, after extensive trawling of the internet I still havent found any solution for this problem. I`m writing a small C++ app that connects to an online database and outputs the data in a listbox. I need to enable a search function using an edit box, but I cant get the query to work while using a variable. My code is: res = mysql_perform_query (conn, "select distinct artist from Artists"); //res = mysql_perform_query (conn, "select album from Artists where artist = ' ' "); while((row = mysql_fetch_row(res)) != NULL){ CString str; UpdateData(); str = ("%s\n", row[0]); UpdateData(FALSE); m_list_control.AddString(str); } the first "res = " line is working fine, but I need the second one to work. I have a member variable m_search_edit set up for the edit box, but any way I try to include it in the sql statement causes errors. eg. res = mysql_perform_query (conn, "select album from Artists where artist = '"+m_search_edit+" ' "); causes this error: error C2664: 'mysql_perform_query' : cannot convert parameter 2 from 'class CString' to 'char *' No user-defined-conversion operator available that can perform this conversion, or the operator cannot be called" And when I convert m_search_edit to a char* it gives me a " Cannot add 2 pointers" error. Any way around this???

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• Compare two variant with boost static_visitor

  - by Zozzzzz

  I started to use the boost library a few days ago so my question is maybe trivial. I want to compare two same type variants with a static_visitor. I tried the following, but it don't want to compile. struct compare:public boost::static_visitor<bool> { bool operator()(int& a, int& b) const { return a<b; } bool operator()(double& a, double& b) const { return a<b; } }; int main() { boost::variant<double, int > v1, v2; v1 = 3.14; v2 = 5.25; compare vis; bool b = boost::apply_visitor(vis, v1,v2); cout<<b; return 0; } Thank you for any help or suggestion!

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• Creating simple calculator with bison & flex in C++ (not C)

  - by ak91

  Hey, I would like to create simple C++ calculator using bison and flex. Please note I'm new to the creating parsers. I already found few examples in bison/flex but they were all written in C. My goal is to create C++ code, where classes would contain nodes of values, operations, funcs - to create AST (evaluation would be done just after creating whole AST - starting from the root and going forward). For example: my_var = sqrt(9 ** 2 - 32) + 4 - 20 / 5 my_var * 3 Would be parsed as: = / \ my_var + / \ sqrt - | / \ - 4 / / \ / \ ** 32 20 5 / \ 9 2 and the second AST would look like: * / \ my_var 3 Then following pseudocode reflects AST: ast_root = create_node('=', new_variable("my_var"), exp) where exp is: exp = create_node(OPERATOR, val1, val2) but NOT like this: $$ = $1 OPERATOR $3 because this way I directly get value of operation instead of creation the Node. I believe the Node should contain type (of operation), val1 (Node), val2 (Node). In some cases val2 would be NULL, like above mentioned sqrt which takes in the end one argument. Right? It will be nice if you can propose me C++ skeleton (without evaluation) for above described problem (including *.y file creating AST) to help me understand the way of creating/holding Nodes in AST. Code can be snipped, just to let me get the idea. I'll also be grateful if you point me to an existing (possibly simple) example if you know any. Thank you all for your time and assistance!

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• Failed to specialize function template

  - by citizencane

  This is homework, although it's already submitted with a different approach. I'm getting the following from Visual Studio 2008 error C2893: Failed to specialize function template 'void std::sort(_RanIt,_RanIt,_Pr)' The code is as follows main.cpp Database<> db; db.loadDatabase(); db.sortDatabase(sort_by_title()); Database.cpp void Database<C>::sortDatabase(const sort_by &s) { std::sort(db_.begin(), db_.end(), s); } And the function objects are defined as struct sort_by : public std::binary_function<const Media *, const Media *, bool> { virtual bool operator()(const Media *l, const Media *r) const = 0; }; struct sort_by_title : public sort_by { bool operator()(const Media *l, const Media *r) const { ... } }; ... What's the cure here? [Edit] Sorry, maybe I should have made the inheritance clear template <typename C = std::vector<Media *> > class Database : public IDatabase<C> [/Edit]

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• SFINAE and detecting if a C++ function object returns void.

  - by Tom Swirly

  I've read the various authorities on this, include Dewhurst and yet haven't managed to get anywhere with this seemingly simple question. What I want to do is to call a C++ function object, (basically, anything you can call, a pure function or a class with ()), and return its value, if that is not void, or "true" otherwise. #include <stdio.h> struct Foo { void operator()() {} }; struct Bar { bool operator()() { return false; } }; Foo foo; Bar bar; bool baz() { return false; } void bang() {} const char* print(bool b) { printf(b ? "true, " : "false, "); } template <typename Functor> bool magicCallFunction(Functor f) { return true; // lots of template magic occurs here... } int main(int argc, char** argv) { print(magicCallFunction(foo)); print(magicCallFunction(bar)); print(magicCallFunction(baz)); print(magicCallFunction(bang)); printf("\n"); }

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• Return multiple IDs from a function and use the result in a query

  - by NewK

  I have this function that returns me all children of a tree node: CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION fn_category_get_childs_v2(id_pai integer) RETURNS integer[] AS $BODY$ DECLARE ids_filhos integer array; BEGIN SELECT array ( SELECT category_id FROM category WHERE category_id IN ( (WITH RECURSIVE parent AS ( SELECT category_id , parent_id from category WHERE category_id = id_pai UNION ALL SELECT t.category_id , t.parent_id FROM parent INNER JOIN category t ON parent.category_id = t.parent_id ) SELECT category_id FROM parent WHERE category_id <> id_pai ) ) ) into ids_filhos; return ids_filhos; END; and I would like to use it in a select statement like this: select * from teste1_elements where category_id in (select * from fn_category_get_childs_v2(12)) I've also tried this way with the same result: select * from teste1_elements where category_id=any(select * from fn_category_get_childs_v2(12))) But I get the following error: ERROR: operator does not exist: integer = integer[] LINE 1: select * from teste1_elements where category_id in (select *... ^ HINT: No operator matches the given name and argument type(s). You might need to add explicit type casts. The function returns an integer array, is that the problem? SELECT * from fn_category_get_childs_v2(12) retrieves the following array (integer[]): '{30,32,34,20,19,18,17,16,15,14}'

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• "error: Expected a type, got 'classname'" in C++

  - by Bay

  Using the following code: template <typename T> class node { [. . .] }; class b_graph { friend istream& operator>> (istream& in, b_graph& ingraph); friend ostream& operator<< (ostream& out, b_graph& outgraph); public: [...] private: vector<node> vertices; //This line I'm getting: error: type/value mismatch at argument 1 in template parameter list for ‘template<class _Tp, class _Alloc> class std::vector’ error: expected a type, got 'node' error: template argument 2 is invalid On the indicated line. Node is clearly defined before b_graph which uses it - what have I done here?

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• MDX: Filtering a member set by a measure's table values

  - by oyvinro

  I have some numbers in a fact table, and have generated a measure which use the SUM aggregator to summarize the numbers. But the problem is that I only want to sum the numbers that are higher than, say 10. I tried using a generic expression in the measure definition, and that works of course, but the problem is that I need to be able to dynamically set that value, because it's not always 10, meaning users should be able to select it themselves. More specifically, my current MDX looks like this: WITH SET [Email Measures] AS '{[Measures].[Number Of Answered Cases], [Measures].[Max Expedition Time First In Case], [Measures].[Avg Expedition Times First In Case], [Measures].[Number Of Incoming Email Requests], [Measures].[Avg Number Of Emails In Cases], [Measures].[Avg Expedition Times Total],[Measures].[Number Of Answered Incoming Emails]}' SET [Organizations] AS '{[Organization.Id].[860]}' SET [Operators] AS '{[Operator.Id].[3379],[Operator.Id].[3181]}' SET [Email Accounts] AS '{[Email Account.Id].[6]}' MEMBER [Time.Date].[Date Period] AS Aggregate ({[Time.Date].[2008].[11].[11] :[Time.Date].[2009].[1].[2] }) MEMBER [Email.Type].[Email Types] AS Aggregate ({[Email.Type].[0]}) SELECT {[Email Measures]} ON columns, [Operators] ON rows FROM [Email_Fact] WHERE ( [Time.Date].[Date Period] ) Now, the member in question is the calculated member [Avg Expedition Times Total]. This member takes in two measures; [Sum Expedition Times] and [Nr of Expedition Times] and splits one on the other to get the average, all this presently works. However, I want [Sum Expedition Times] to only summarize values over or under a parameter of my/the user's wish. How do I filter the numbers [Sum Expedition Times] iterates through, rather than filtering on the sum that the measure gives me in the end?

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• Imbricated C++ template

  - by gregseth

  I have the following pattern: template <int a, int b> class MyClass { template <int c> MyClass<a, c> &operator*(MyClass<c, b> const &other) const; }; // ../.. template <int a, int b> template <int c> MyClass<a, c> &MyClass<a, b>::operator*(MyClass<c, b> const &other) const { MyClass<a, c> result; // ..do stuff.. return result; } It doesn't compile, the error message is Error C2975. invalid template argument 'number', constant expression expected. If I replace template <int c> by template <int c, int d> and use it accordignly, it works fine. But I want d to be the same value as b. My questions: Why the example doesn't work? How can I enforce d to be the same than b? Thanks.

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• Defining implicit and explicit casts for C# interfaces

  - by ehdv

  Is there a way to write interface-based code (i.e. using interfaces rather than classes as the types accepted and passed around) in C# without giving up the use of things like implicit casts? Here's some sample code - there's been a lot removed, but these are the relevant portions. public class Game { public class VariantInfo { public string Language { get; set; } public string Variant { get; set; } } } And in ScrDictionary.cs, we have... public class ScrDictionary: IScrDictionary { public string Language { get; set; } public string Variant { get; set; } public static implicit operator Game.VariantInfo(ScrDictionary s) { return new Game.VariantInfo{Language=sd.Language, Variant=sd.Variant}; } } And the interface... public interface IScrDictionary { string Language { get; set; } string Variant { get; set; } } I want to be able to use IScrDictionary instead of ScrDictionary, but still be able to implicitly convert a ScrDictionary to a Game.VariantInfo. Also, while there may be an easy way to make this work by giving IScrDictionary a property of type Game.VariantInfo my question is more generally: Is there a way to define casts or operator overloading on interfaces? (If not, what is the proper C# way to maintain this functionality without giving up interface-oriented design?)

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• Is this an error in "More Effective C++" in Item28?

  - by particle128

  I encountered a question when I was reading the item28 in More Effective C++ .In this item, the author shows to us that we can use member template in SmartPtr such that the SmartPtr<Cassette> can be converted to SmartPtr<MusicProduct>. The following code is not the same as in the book,but has the same effect. #include <iostream> class Base{}; class Derived:public Base{}; template<typename T> class smart{ public: smart(T* ptr):ptr(ptr){} template<typename U> operator smart<U>() { return smart<U>(ptr); } ~smart(){delete ptr;} private: T* ptr; }; void test(const smart<Base>& ) {} int main() { smart<Derived> sd(new Derived); test(sd); return 0; } It indeed can be compiled without compilation error. But when I ran the executable file, I got a core dump. I think that's because the member function of the conversion operator makes a temporary smart, which has a pointer to the same ptr in sd (its type is smart<Derived>). So the delete directive operates twice. What's more, after calling test, we can never use sd any more, since ptr in sd has already been delete. Now my questions are : Is my thought right? Or my code is not the same as the original code in the book? If my thought is right, is there any method to do this? Thanks very much for your help.

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• Best strategies for reading J code

  - by estanford

  I've been using J for a few months now, and I find that reading unfamiliar code (e.g. that I didn't write myself) is one of the most challenging aspects of the language, particularly when it's in tacit. After a while, I came up with this strategy: 1) Copy the code segment into a word document 2) Take each operator from (1) and place it on a separate line, so that it reads vertically 3) Replace each operator with its verbal description in the Vocabulary page 4) Do a rough translation from J syntax into English grammar 5) Use the translation to identify conceptually related components and separate them with line breaks 6) Write a description of what each component from (5) is supposed to do, in plain English prose 7) Write a description of what the whole program is supposed to do, based on (6) 8) Write an explanation of why the code from (1) can be said to represent the design concept from (7). Although I learn a lot from this process, I find it to be rather arduous and time-consuming -- especially if someone designed their program using a concept I never encountered before. So I wonder: do other people in the J community have favorite ways to figure out obscure code? If so, what are the advantages and disadvantages of these methods?

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• const pod and std::vector

  - by Baz

  To get this code to compile: std::vector<Foo> factory() { std::vector<Foo> data; return data; } I have to define my POD like this: struct Foo { const int i; const int j; Foo(const int _i, const int _j): i(_i), j(_j) {} Foo(Foo& foo): i(foo.i), j(foo.j){} Foo operator=(Foo& foo) { Foo f(foo.i, foo.j); return f; } }; Is this the correct approach for defining a pod where I'm not interested in changing the pod members after creation? Why am I forced to define a copy constructor and overload the assignment operator? Is this compatible for different platform implementations of std::vector? Is it wrong in your opinion to have const PODS like this? Should I just leave them as non-const?

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