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  • active record relations – who needs it?

    - by M2_
    Well, I`m confused about rails queries. For example: Affiche belongs_to :place Place has_many :affiches We can do this now: @affiches = Affiche.all( :joins => :place ) or @affiches = Affiche.all( :include => :place ) and we will get a lot of extra SELECTs, if there are many affiches: Place Load (0.2ms) SELECT "places".* FROM "places" WHERE "places"."id" = 3 LIMIT 1 Place Load (0.3ms) SELECT "places".* FROM "places" WHERE "places"."id" = 3 LIMIT 1 Place Load (0.8ms) SELECT "places".* FROM "places" WHERE "places"."id" = 444 LIMIT 1 Place Load (1.0ms) SELECT "places".* FROM "places" WHERE "places"."id" = 222 LIMIT 1 ...and so on... And (sic!) with :joins used every SELECT is doubled! Technically we cloud just write like this: @affiches = Affiche.all( ) and the result is totally the same! (Because we have relations declared). The wayout of keeping all data in one query is removing the relations and writing a big string with "LEFT OUTER JOIN", but still there is a problem of grouping data in multy-dimentional array and a problem of similar column names, such as id. What is done wrong? Or what am I doing wrong? UPDATE: Well, i have that string Place Load (2.5ms) SELECT "places".* FROM "places" WHERE ("places"."id" IN (3,444,222,57,663,32,154,20)) and a list of selects one by one id. Strange, but I get these separate selects when I`m doing this in each scope: <%= link_to a.place.name, **a.place**( :id => a.place.friendly_id ) %> the marked a.place is the spot, that produces these extra queries.

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  • Django: Determining if a user has voted or not

    - by TheLizardKing
    I have a long list of links that I spit out using the below code, total votes, submitted by, the usual stuff but I am not 100% on how to determine if the currently logged in user has voted on a link or not. I know how to do this from within my view but do I need to alter my below view code or can I make use of the way templates work to determine it? I have read http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1528583/django-vote-up-down-method but I don't quite understand what's going on ( and don't need any ofjavascriptery). Models (snippet): class Link(models.Model): category = models.ForeignKey(Category, blank=False, default=1) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) modified = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) url = models.URLField(max_length=1024, unique=True, verify_exists=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=512) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s (%s)' % (self.name, self.url) class Vote(models.Model): link = models.ForeignKey(Link) user = models.ForeignKey(User) created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) def __unicode__(self): return u'%s vote for %s' % (self.user, self.link) Views (snippet): def hot(request): links = Link.objects.select_related().annotate(votes=Count('vote')).order_by('-created') for link in links: delta_in_hours = (int(datetime.now().strftime("%s")) - int(link.created.strftime("%s"))) / 3600 link.popularity = ((link.votes - 1) / (delta_in_hours + 2)**1.5) if request.user.is_authenticated(): try: link.voted = Vote.objects.get(link=link, user=request.user) except Vote.DoesNotExist: link.voted = None links = sorted(links, key=lambda x: x.popularity, reverse=True) links = paginate(request, links, 15) return direct_to_template( request, template = 'links/link_list.html', extra_context = { 'links': links, }) The above view actually accomplishes what I need but in what I believe to be a horribly inefficient way. This causes the dreaded n+1 queries, as it stands that's 33 queries for a page containing just 29 links while originally I got away with just 4 queries. I would really prefer to do this using Django's ORM or at least .extra(). Any advice?

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  • OpenGL ES - how to keep some object at a fixed size?

    - by OMH
    I'm working on a little game in OpenGL ES. In the background, there is a world/map. The map is just a large texture. Zoom/pinch/pan is used to move around. And I'm using glOrthof (left, right, bottom, top, zNear, zFar) to implement the zoom/pinch. When I zoom in, the sprites on top of the map is also zoomed in. But I would like to have some sprites stay at a fixed size. I could probably calculate a scale factor, depending on the parameters to glOrthof, but there must be a more natural and straightforward way of doing that, instead of scaling the sprites down when I zoom in. If I add some text or some GUI elements on top of the map, they should definately have a fixed size. Is there a solution to do this, or do I have to leave fixed values in glOrthof and implement zoom/pinch in another way? EDIT: To be more clear: I want sprites that zoom in/out along with the map, but stay at the same size. I have some elements that are like the pins on the iPhone's map application. When you zoom, the pins stay the same size, but move around on the screen to stay on the same spot on the map. That is mainly what I want a solution for. Solutions for this already came below, thanks!

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  • I can learn either C or Java, which one should I choose first? Should I take them concurrently?

    - by GR1000
    I realize this is a subject of hot debate, but I'm interested in opinions that relate to my specific situation. I want to learn the basics and fundamentals of programming, so I'm already taking a college course in general programming concepts. It isn't covering a specific language, but it's giving me a solid foundation that I can build upon when I move on to a class that teaches a specific language. My two options for a specific language are Java and C because those are the two languages taught at the college I want to take classes from. What I want to do is learn a complex language so that I can apply that knowledge to languages that I use, or will eventually use, in my current job building web pages: XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, XML, ActionScript. I'm not necessariy interested in becoming a Java developer or a C developer in the immediate future, but I do have aspirations of developing web applications and iPod/iPhone applications. So, basically, I'm looking for answers to these questions and the reasoning behind them: Do I take the introductory course in Java first, and then take the intro course in C, or Do I take C first and then take Java? Is there any reason not to take them concurrently? Should I skip C altogether as Java covers everything I need to know? EDIT: Thanks everyone for your thoughtful and insightful responses.

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  • What are the arguments against the inclusion of server side scripting in JavaScript code blocks?

    - by James Wiseman
    I've been arguing for some time against embedding server-side tags in JavaScript code, but was put on the spot today by a developer who seemed unconvinced The code in question was a legacy ASP application, although this is largely unimportant as it could equally apply to ASP.NET or PHP (for example). The example in question revolved around the use of a constant that they had defined in ServerSide code. 'VB Const MY_CONST: MY_CONST = 1 If sMyVbVar = MY_CONST Then 'Do Something End If //JavaScript if (sMyJsVar === "<%= MY_CONST%>"){ //DoSomething } My standard arguments against this are: Script injection: The server-side tag could include code that can break the JavaScript code Unit testing. Harder to isolate units of code for testing Code Separation : We should keep web page technologies apart as much as possible. The reason for doing this was so that the developer did not have to define the constant in two places. They reasoned that as it was a value that they controlled, that it wasn't subject to script injection. This reduced my justification for (1) to "We're trying to keep the standards simple, and defining exception cases would confuse people" The unit testing and code separation arguments did not hold water either, as the page itself was a horrible amalgam of HTML, JavaScript, ASP.NET, CSS, XML....you name it, it was there. No code that was every going to be included in this page could possibly be unit tested. So I found myself feeling like a bit of a pedant insisting that the code was changed, given the circumstances. Are there any further arguments that might support my reasoning, or am I, in fact being a bit pedantic in this insistence?

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  • Trying to override onbeforeunload in first step of form wizard

    - by Dirty Bird Design
    This pertains to a form wizard with 5 steps, I don't want the user to hit back and lose form data in any step 2-4. I have added a flag for the submit function and need to add this one for the first step. If they get there by accident and try and leave I dont want the cofirm dialog popping up. <script type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function(){ var action_is_post = false; $("form").submit(function () { action_is_post = true; }); //this is the trouble spot. on the first step the "navigation" of the form has a class of current (on step one = current) $(this).ready(function () { if ($("#stepDesc0").is(".current")) { action_is_post = true; } ); window.onbeforeunload = confirmExit; function confirmExit() { if (!action_is_post) return 'Using the browsers back, refresh or close button will cause you to lose all form data. Please use the Next and Back buttons on the form.'; } }); </script>

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  • Django: Serving a Download in a Generic View

    - by TheLizardKing
    So I want to serve a couple of mp3s from a folder in /home/username/music. I didn't think this would be such a big deal but I am a bit confused on how to do it using generic views and my own url. urls.py url(r'^song/(?P<song_id>\d+)/download/$', song_download, name='song_download'), The example I am following is found in the generic view section of the Django documentations: http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/generic-views/ (It's all the way at the bottom) I am not 100% sure on how to tailor this to my needs. Here is my views.py def song_download(request, song_id): song = Song.objects.get(id=song_id) response = object_detail( request, object_id = song_id, mimetype = "audio/mpeg", ) response['Content-Disposition'= "attachment; filename=%s - %s.mp3" % (song.artist, song.title) return response I am actually at a loss of how to convey that I want it to spit out my mp3 instead of what it does now which is to output a .mp3 with all of the current pages html contained. Should my template be my mp3? Do I need to setup apache to serve the files or is Django able to retrieve the mp3 from the filesystem(proper permissions of course) and serve that? If it do need to configure Apache how do I tell Django that? Thanks in advanced. These files are all on the HD so I don't need to "generate" anything on the spot and I'd like to prevent revealing the location of these files if at all possible. A simple /song/1234/download would be fantastic.

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  • Parsing custom time format with SimpleDateFormat

    - by ggrigery
    I'm having trouble parsing a date format that I'm getting back from an API and that I have never seen (I believe is a custom format). An example of a date: /Date(1353447000000+0000)/ When I first encountered this format it didn't take me long to see that it was the time in milliseconds with a time zone offset. I'm having trouble extracting this date using SimpleDateFormat though. Here was my first attempt: String weirdDate = "/Date(1353447000000+0000)/"; SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("'/Date('SSSSSSSSSSSSSZ')/'"); Date d1 = sdf.parse(weirdDate); System.out.println(d1.toString()); System.out.println(d1.getTime()); System.out.println(); Date d2 = new Date(Long.parseLong("1353447000000")); System.out.println(d2.toString()); System.out.println(d2.getTime()); And output: Tue Jan 06 22:51:41 EST 1970 532301760 Tue Nov 20 16:30:00 EST 2012 1353447000000 The date (and number of milliseconds parsed) is not even close and I haven't been able to figure out why. After some troubleshooting, I discovered that the way I'm trying to use SDF is clearly flawed. Example: String weirdDate = "1353447000000"; SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("S"); Date d1 = sdf.parse(weirdDate); System.out.println(d1.toString()); System.out.println(d1.getTime()); And output: Wed Jan 07 03:51:41 EST 1970 550301760 I can't say I've ever tried to use SDF in this way to just parse a time in milliseconds because I would normally use Long.parseLong() and just pass it straight into new Date(long) (and in fact the solution I have in place right now is just a regular expression and parsing a long). I'm looking for a cleaner solution that I can easily extract this time in milliseconds with the timezone and quickly parse out into a date without the messy manual handling. Anyone have any ideas or that can spot the errors in my logic above? Help is much appreciated.

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  • Why is PLINQ slower than LINQ for this code?

    - by Rob Packwood
    First off, I am running this on a dual core 2.66Ghz processor machine. I am not sure if I have the .AsParallel() call in the correct spot. I tried it directly on the range variable too and that was still slower. I don't understand why... Here are my results: Process non-parallel 1000 took 146 milliseconds Process parallel 1000 took 156 milliseconds Process non-parallel 5000 took 5187 milliseconds Process parallel 5000 took 5300 milliseconds using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; namespace DemoConsoleApp { internal class Program { private static void Main() { ReportOnTimedProcess( () => GetIntegerCombinations(), "non-parallel 1000"); ReportOnTimedProcess( () => GetIntegerCombinations(runAsParallel: true), "parallel 1000"); ReportOnTimedProcess( () => GetIntegerCombinations(5000), "non-parallel 5000"); ReportOnTimedProcess( () => GetIntegerCombinations(5000, true), "parallel 5000"); Console.Read(); } private static List<Tuple<int, int>> GetIntegerCombinations( int iterationCount = 1000, bool runAsParallel = false) { IEnumerable<int> range = Enumerable.Range(1, iterationCount); IEnumerable<Tuple<int, int>> integerCombinations = from x in range from y in range select new Tuple<int, int>(x, y); return runAsParallel ? integerCombinations.AsParallel().ToList() : integerCombinations.ToList(); } private static void ReportOnTimedProcess( Action process, string processName) { var stopwatch = new Stopwatch(); stopwatch.Start(); process(); stopwatch.Stop(); Console.WriteLine("Process {0} took {1} milliseconds", processName, stopwatch.ElapsedMilliseconds); } } }

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  • Where to give feedback on a new Feature is SO ?

    - by justjoe
    After using SO, for sometimes, i realize i got some problems. zen masters fighting each other on one of my question. Every side have their own arguments and Everybody seem right. Frankly, this make me confuse : How can i choose somebody's answer where personally i don't know the right answer. So, i would like to propose a feature 'i choose this because' for a user who asked. So at least he/she explain why he choose the particular answer. Maybe it's silly, but as somebody who getting helps from other's answer, i would like to know everybody get what they deserve. Usually in this kind of situation, i just upvote every good answer and check the one i think the right one. Second feature : every hot question always got plenty answer and comment. And if among person who answer it, start to debate then it will become a little bit hectic. Right now a page only have ability to sort answer based on oldest, newest votest. So, is it possible to make a new sort based on timeline what make comment and answer collide. I believe it will be more easy to read. this feature can only see by the person who create the question, or also for public.

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  • Codeigniter/mySQL question. Checking if several inserts are possible before actual insertion.

    - by Ethan
    Hey SO, So I'm trying to perform a couple inserts at once that are kind of co-dependent on each other. Let's say I'm doing a dog rating website. Anyone can add a dog to my database, but in doing so they also need to add a preliminary rating of the dog. Other people can then rate the dog afterwards. The dogs to ratings is a many to one relationship: a dog has many ratings. This means for my preliminary add, since I have the person both rate and add the dog, I need to take the rating, and set a foreign key to the dog's primary key. As far as I know, this means I have to actually add the dog, then check what that new addition's primary key is, and then put that in my rating before insertion. Now suppose something were to go wrong with the rating's insert, be it a string that's too long, or something that I've overlooked somehow. If the rating's failed, the dog has already been inserted, but the rating has not. In this case, I'd like the dog to not have been added in the first place. Does this mean I have to write code that says "if the rating fails, do a remove for the dog," or is there a way to predict what the key will be for the dog should everything go as planned. Is there a way to say "hold that spot," and then if everything works, add it? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!!

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  • Flex bar chart with Two Y axis

    - by user345522
    I am trying to create a bar char in action 3 script. But for some reason I am getting 2 y-axis and no x axis. Can some one help spot the error. I have said "placement " bottom. The standalone code snippet is below. enter code here [Bindable] public var QUANTITY:ArrayCollection = new ArrayCollection([ {date:"22-Aug-05", quantity:1575.9}, {date:"23-Aug-05", quantity:1603.}, {date:"24-Aug-05", quantity:1507.1}, {date:"25-Aug-05", quantity:1568.8}, ]); private function getBarChartData(evt:MouseEvent):void{ var title:String = "ASDFZXCVB"; var pnlChart:Panel = new Panel(); pnlChart.title = title; pnlChart.height = 750; { var categoryAxisDate:CategoryAxis = new CategoryAxis(); categoryAxisDate.categoryField = "date"; var linearVolumeAxis:LinearAxis = new LinearAxis(); linearVolumeAxis.minimum = 1500; linearVolumeAxis.maximum = 1700; var colChart:ColumnChart = new ColumnChart(); colChart.showDataTips = true; { var horizontalAxisDateRenderer:AxisRenderer = new AxisRenderer(); horizontalAxisDateRenderer.axis = categoryAxisDate; horizontalAxisDateRenderer.placement = "bottom"; var quantityRenderer:AxisRenderer = new AxisRenderer(); quantityRenderer.axis = linearVolumeAxis; quantityRenderer.placement = "left"; colChart.horizontalAxisRenderers.push(horizontalAxisDateRenderer); colChart.verticalAxisRenderers.push(quantityRenderer); { var quantityColumnSeries:ColumnSeries = new ColumnSeries(); quantityColumnSeries.horizontalAxis = categoryAxisDate; quantityColumnSeries.yField="quantity"; quantityColumnSeries.displayName ="QUANTITY"; quantityColumnSeries.dataProvider = QUANTITY; quantityColumnSeries.verticalAxis = linearVolumeAxis; colChart.series.push(quantityColumnSeries); } } pnlChart.addChild(colChart); } canvasReportId.addChild(pnlChart); } ]] <mx:Button label="Submit" click="getBarChartData(event)" x="293" y="4"/> </mx:Canvas>

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  • How to implement a network protocol?

    - by gotch4
    Here is a generic question. I'm not in search of the best answer, I'd just like you to express your favourite practices. I want to implement a network protocol in Java (but this is a rather general question, I faced the same issues in C++), this is not the first time, as I have done this before. But I think I am missing a good way to implement it. In fact usually it's all about exchanging text messages and some byte buffers between hosts, storing the status and wait until the next message comes. The problem is that I usually end up with a bunch of switch and more or less complex if statements that react to different statuses / messages. The whole thing usually gets complicated and hard to mantain. Not to mention that sometimes what comes out has some "blind spot", I mean statuses of the protocol that have not been covered and that behave in a unpredictable way. I tried to write down some state machine classes, that take care of checking start and end statuses for each action in more or less smart ways. This makes programming the protocol very complicated as I have to write lines and lines of code to cover every possible situation. What I'd like is something like a good pattern, or a best practice that is used in programming complex protocols, easy to mantain and to extend and very readable. What are your suggestions?

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  • I need to convert the result of a stored procedure in a dbml file to IQueryable to view a list in an

    - by RJ
    I have a MVC project that has a Linq to SQL dbml class. It is a table called Clients that houses client information. I can easily get the information to display in a View using the code I followed in Nerd Dinner but I have added a stored procedure to the dbml and it's result set is of IQueryable, not IQueryable. I need to convert IQueryable to IQueryable so I can display it in the same View. The reason for the sproc is so I can pass a search string tothe sproc and return the same information as a full list but filtered on the search. I know I can use Linq to filter the whole list but I don't want the whole list so I am using the sproc. Here is the code in my ClientRepository with a comment where I need to convert. What code goes in the commented spot. public IQueryable<Client> SelectClientsBySearch(String search) { IQueryable<SelectClientsBySearchResult> spClientList = (from p in db.SelectClientsBySearch(search) select p).AsQueryable(); //what is the code to convert IQueryable<SelectClientsBySearchResult> to IQueryable<Client> return clientList; }

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  • Hundreds of custom UserControls create thousands of USER Objects

    - by Andy Blackman
    I'm creating a dashboard application that shows hundreds of "items" on a FlowLayoutPanel. Each "item" is a UserControl that is made up of 12 or labels. My app queries a database and then creates an "item" instance for each record, populating ethe labels and textboxes with data before adding it to the FlowLayoutPanel. After adding about 560 items to the panel, I noticed that the USER Objects count in my Task Manager had gone up to about 7300, which was much much larger than any other app on my machine. I did a quick spot of mental arithmetic (OK, I might have used calc.exe) and figured that 560 * 13 (12 labels plus the UserControl itself) is 7280. So that suddenly gave away where all the objects were coming from... Knowing that there is a 10,000 USER object limit before windows throws in the towel, I'm trying to figure better ways of drawing these items onto the FlowLayoutPanel. My ideas so far are as follows: 1) User-draw the "item", using graphics.DrawText and DrawImage in place of many of the labels. I'm hoping that this will mean 1 item = 1 USER Object, not 13. 2) Have 1 instance of the "item", then for each record, populate the instance and use the Control.DrawToBitmap() method to grab an image and then use that in the FlowLayoutPanel (or similar) So... Does anyone have any other suggestions ??? P.S. It's a zoomable interface, so I have already ruled out "Paging" as there is a requirement to see all items at once :( Thanks everyone.

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  • sql server mdf file database attachment

    - by jnsohnumr
    hello all i'm having a bear of a time getting visual studio 2010 (ultimate i think) to properly attach to my database. it was moved from original spot to #MYAPP#/#MYAPP#.Web/App_Data/#MDF_FILE#.mdf. I have three instances of sql server running on this machine. i have tried to replace the old mdf file with my new one and cannot get the connectionstring right for it. what i'm really wanting to do is to just open some DB instance, run a DB create script. Then I can have a DB that was generated via my edmx (generate database from model) in silverlight business application (c#) right now, when i go to server explorer in VS, choose add new connection, choose MS SQL Server Database FIle (SqlClient), choose my file location (app_data directory), use windows authentication, and hit the Test Connection button I get the following error: Unable to open the physical file "". Operating system error 5: "5(Access Denied.)". An attempt to attach to an auto-named database for file"" failed. A database with the same name exists, or specified file cannot be opened, or it is located on UNC share. The mdf file was created on the same machine by connecting to (local) on the sql server management studio, getting a new query, pasting in the SQL from the generated ddl file, adding a CREATE DATABASE [NcrCarDatabase]; GO before the pasted SQL, and executing the query. I then disconnected from the DB in management studio, closed management studio, navigated to the DATA directory for that instance, and copying the mdf and ldf files to my application's app_data folder. I am then trying to connect to the same file inside visual studio. I hope that gives more clarity to my problems :). Connection string is: Data Source=.\SQLEXPRESS;AttachDbFilename=C:\SourceCode\NcrCarDatabase\NcrCarDatabase.Web\App_Data\NcrCarDatabase.mdf;Integrated Security=True;Connect Timeout=30;User Instance=True

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  • Why is my quick sort so slow?

    - by user513075
    Hello, I am practicing writing sorting algorithms as part of some interview preparation, and I am wondering if anybody can help me spot why this quick sort is not very fast? It appears to have the correct runtime complexity, but it is slower than my merge sort by a constant factor of about 2. I would also appreciate any comments that would improve my code that don't necessarily answer the question. Thanks a lot for your help! Please don't hesitate to let me know if I have made any etiquette mistakes. This is my first question here. private class QuickSort implements Sort { @Override public int[] sortItems(int[] ts) { List<Integer> toSort = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for (int i : ts) { toSort.add(i); } toSort = partition(toSort); int[] ret = new int[ts.length]; for (int i = 0; i < toSort.size(); i++) { ret[i] = toSort.get(i); } return ret; } private List<Integer> partition(List<Integer> toSort) { if (toSort.size() <= 1) return toSort; int pivotIndex = myRandom.nextInt(toSort.size()); Integer pivot = toSort.get(pivotIndex); toSort.remove(pivotIndex); List<Integer> left = new ArrayList<Integer>(); List<Integer> right = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for (int i : toSort) { if (i > pivot) right.add(i); else left.add(i); } left = partition(left); right = partition(right); left.add(pivot); left.addAll(right); return left; } }

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  • transfering a container of data to different classes

    - by user340699
    I am passing a vector of bids from Trader class to Simulator class.which class then passes it on to the auctioneer class.something seems messed up, can anyone spot it please. Below is part of the code: Error: 199 expected primary-expression before '&' token //Class of Origin of the vector. class Trader { private: int nextBidId; public: Trader(); ~Trader(){}; Bid getNextBid(); Bid getNextBid(int trdId, int qty, int price, char type); void loadRange( vector <Bid> & bids ) {} ; void loadRange(BidList &, int trdId, int qty, int price, char type, int size); }; //To be received by the Simulator class Simulator { vector <Bid> list; Trader trader; Auctioneer auctioneer; public: void run(); }; // Passing the vector into a function in simulator Simulator::accept_bids(bid_vector::const_iterator begin, bid_vector::const_iterator end){ vector<Bid>::iterator itr; } //Its journey should end with the Auctioneer. who displays the data class Auctioneer { public: vector <Bid>v2;// created a new vector to hold the objects void accept_bids(vector<Bid> & bids); void displayBids(){return bids} };

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  • What happens to class members when malloc is used instead of new?

    - by Felix
    I'm studying for a final exam and I stumbled upon a curious question that was part of the exam our teacher gave last year to some poor souls. The question goes something like this: Is the following program correct, or not? If it is, write down what the program outputs. If it's not, write down why. The program: #include<iostream.h> class cls { int x; public: cls() { x=23; } int get_x(){ return x; } }; int main() { cls *p1, *p2; p1=new cls; p2=(cls*)malloc(sizeof(cls)); int x=p1->get_x()+p2->get_x(); cout<<x; return 0; } My first instinct was to answer with "the program is not correct, as new should be used instead of malloc". However, after compiling the program and seeing it output 23 I realize that that answer might not be correct. The problem is that I was expecting p2->get_x() to return some arbitrary number (whatever happened to be in that spot of the memory when malloc was called). However, it returned 0. I'm not sure whether this is a coincidence or if class members are initialized with 0 when it is malloc-ed. Is this behavior (p2->x being 0 after malloc) the default? Should I have expected this? What would your answer to my teacher's question be? (besides forgetting to #include <stdlib.h> for malloc :P)

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  • Should we retire the term "Context"?

    - by MrGumbe
    I'm not sure if there is a more abused term in the world of programming than "Context." A word that has a very clear meaning in the English language has somehow morphed into a hot mess in software development, where the definition where the connotation can be completely different based on what library you happen to be developing in. Tomcat uses the word context to mean the configuration of a web application. Java applets, on the other hand, use an AppletContext to define attributes of the browser and HTML tag that launched it, but the BeanContext is defined as a container. ASP.NET uses the HttpContext object as a grab bag of state - containing information about the current request / response, session, user, server, and application objects. Context Oriented Programming defines the term as "Any information which is computationally accessible may form part of the context upon which behavioral variations depend," which I translate as "anything in the world." The innards of the Windows OS uses the CONTEXT structure to define properties about the hardware environment. The .NET installation classes, however, use the InstallContext property to represent the command line arguments entered to the installation class. The above doesn't even touch how all of us non-framework developers have used the term. I've seen plenty of developers fall into the subconscious trap of "I can't think of anything else to call this class, so I'll name it 'WidgetContext.'" Do you all agree that before naming our class a "Context," we may want to first consider some more descriptive terms? "Environment", "Configuraton", and "ExecutionState" come readily to mind.

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  • Scala: Correcting type inference of representation type over if statement

    - by drhagen
    This is a follow-up to two questions on representation types, which are type parameters of a trait designed to represent the type underlying a bounded type member (or something like that). I've had success creating instances of classes, e.g ConcreteGarage, that have instances cars of bounded type members CarType. trait Garage { type CarType <: Car[CarType] def cars: Seq[CarType] def copy(cars: Seq[CarType]): Garage def refuel(car: CarType, fuel: CarType#FuelType): Garage = copy( cars.map { case `car` => car.refuel(fuel) case other => other }) } class ConcreteGarage[C <: Car[C]](val cars: Seq[C]) extends Garage { type CarType = C def copy(cars: Seq[C]) = new ConcreteGarage(cars) } trait Car[C <: Car[C]] { type FuelType <: Fuel def fuel: FuelType def copy(fuel: C#FuelType): C def refuel(fuel: C#FuelType): C = copy(fuel) } class Ferrari(val fuel: Benzin) extends Car[Ferrari] { type FuelType = Benzin def copy(fuel: Benzin) = new Ferrari(fuel) } class Mustang(val fuel: Benzin) extends Car[Mustang] { type FuelType = Benzin def copy(fuel: Benzin) = new Mustang(fuel) } trait Fuel case class Benzin() extends Fuel I can easily create instances of Cars like Ferraris and Mustangs and put them into a ConcreteGarage, as long as it's simple: val newFerrari = new Ferrari(Benzin()) val newMustang = new Mustang(Benzin()) val ferrariGarage = new ConcreteGarage(Seq(newFerrari)) val mustangGarage = new ConcreteGarage(Seq(newMustang)) However, if I merely return one or the other, based on a flag, and try to put the result into a garage, it fails: val likesFord = true val new_car = if (likesFord) newFerrari else newMustang val switchedGarage = new ConcreteGarage(Seq(new_car)) // Fails here The switch alone works fine, it is the call to ConcreteGarage constructor that fails with the rather mystical error: error: inferred type arguments [this.Car[_ >: this.Ferrari with this.Mustang <: this.Car[_ >: this.Ferrari with this.Mustang <: ScalaObject]{def fuel: this.Benzin; type FuelType<: this.Benzin}]{def fuel: this.Benzin; type FuelType<: this.Benzin}] do not conform to class ConcreteGarage's type parameter bounds [C <: this.Car[C]] val switchedGarage = new ConcreteGarage(Seq(new_car)) // Fails here ^ I have tried putting those magic [C <: Car[C]] representation type parameters everywhere, but without success in finding the magic spot.

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  • Why is my Scala function returning type Unit and not whatever is the last line?

    - by Andy
    I am trying to figure out the issue, and tried different styles that I have read on Scala, but none of them work. My code is: .... val str = "(and x y)"; def stringParse ( exp: String, pos: Int, expreshHolder: ArrayBuffer[String], follow: Int ) var b = pos; //position of where in the expression String I am currently in val temp = expreshHolder; //holder of expressions without parens var arrayCounter = follow; //just counts to make sure an empty spot in the array is there to put in the strings if(exp(b) == '(') { b = b + 1; while(exp(b) == ' '){b = b + 1} //point of this is to just skip any spaces between paren and start of expression type if(exp(b) == 'a') { temp(arrayCounter) = exp(b).toString; b = b+1; temp(arrayCounter)+exp(b).toString; b = b+1; temp(arrayCounter) + exp(b).toString; arrayCounter+=1} temp; } } val hold: ArrayBuffer[String] = stringParse(str, 0, new ArrayBuffer[String], 0); for(test <- hold) println(test); My error is: Driver.scala:35: error: type mismatch; found : Unit required: scala.collection.mutable.ArrayBuffer[String] ho = stringParse(str, 0, ho, 0); ^one error found When I add an equals sign after the arguments in the method declaration, like so: def stringParse ( exp: String, pos: Int, expreshHolder: ArrayBuffer[String], follow: Int ) ={....} It changes it to "Any". I am confused on how this works. Any ideas? Much appreciated.

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  • I expect to see in the browswer "http://path/some_page.html" but instead it identifies with "http:/

    - by indiehacker
    I am developing with app engine SDK. I have a feeling this is much too basic a question so apologies ahead of time... A simple submit button doesnt work instead of just showing an alert box as expected it continues on afterwards and redirects me to the latest http-request, and I think this is because I dont understand how to tell the browser to recognize the proper URLs. Why does my browser say I am at the most recent http-request http://localhost:8080/putProjectInDB rather than the somepage.html that was actually served to the browser that I am currently looking at? How can I get the browser to recognize and show in its url spot the normal expected http://somepage.html ? Just in case, here are details of the specific problem which you might be able to ignore for answering the question: This hasnt been mattered for me until I just wanted to put into my .html a simple button that changes some stuff of the page without needing the server. The below code after displaying the alert box redirects me to the last server request http://localhost:8080/putProjectInDB instead of just staying in the same html page. in header: function MyFormCommands() { alert('Some Text'); } in body: <form onSubmit="MyFormCommands()" ><input type=submit ></form >

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  • How can I use a compound condition in a join in Linq?

    - by Gary McGill
    Let's say I have a Customer table which has a PrimaryContactId field and a SecondaryContactId field. Both of these are foreign keys that reference the Contact table. For any given customer, either one or two contacts may be stored. In other words, PrimaryContactId can never be NULL, but SecondaryContactId can be NULL. If I drop my Customer and Contact tables onto the "Linq to SQL Classes" design surface, the class builder will spot the two FK relationships from the Customer table to the Contact table, and so the generated Customer class will have a Contact field and a Contact1 field (which I can rename to PrimaryContact and SecondaryContact to avoid confusion). Now suppose that I want to get details of all the contacts for a given set of customers. If there was always exactly one contact then I could write something like: from customer in customers join contact in contacts on customer.PrimaryContactId equals contact.id select ... ...which would be translated into something like: SELECT ... FROM Customer INNER JOIN Contact ON Customer.FirstSalesPersonId = Contact.id But, because I want to join on both the contact fields, I want the SQL to look something like: SELECT ... FROM Customer INNER JOIN Contact ON Customer.FirstSalesPersonId = Contact.id OR Customer.SecondSalesPersonId = Contact.id How can I write a Linq expression to do that?

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  • Problems with variadic function

    - by morpheous
    I have the following function from some legacy code that I am maintaining. long getMaxStart(long start, long count, const myStruct *s1, ...) { long i1, maxstart; myStruct *s2; va_list marker; maxstart = start; /*BUGFIX: 003 */ /*(va_start(marker, count);*/ va_start(marker, s1); for (i1 = 1; i1 <= count; i1++) { s2 = va_arg(marker, myStruct *); /* <- s2 is assigned null here */ maxstart = MAX(maxstart, s2->firstvalid); /* <- SEGV here */ } va_end(marker); return (maxstart); } When the function is called with only one myStruct argument, it causes a SEGV. The code compiled and run without crashing on Windows XP when I compiled it using VS2005. I have now moved the code to Ubuntu Karmic and I am having problems with the stricter compiler on Linux. Is anyone able to spot what is causing the parameter not to be read correctly in the var_arg() statement? I am compiling using gcc version 4.4.1 Edit The statement that causes the SEGV is this one: start = getMaxStart(start, 1, ms1); The variables 'start' and 'ms1' have valid values when the code execution first reaches this line.

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