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• Why should I use List<T> over IEnumerable<T>?

  - by Rowan Freeman

  In my ASP.net MVC4 web application I use IEnumerables, trying to follow the mantra to program to the interface, not the implementation. Return IEnumerable(Of Student) vs Return New List(Of Student) People are telling me to use List and not IEnumerable, because lists force the query to be executed and IEumerable does not. Is this really best practice? Is there any alternative? I feel strange using concrete objects where an interface could be used. Is my strange feeling justified?

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• What php programmer should know?

  - by emchinee

  I've dig the database here and didn't found any answer for my question. What is a standard for a php programmer to know? I mean, literally, what group of language functions, mechanisms, variables should person know to consider oneself a (good) php programmer? (I know 'being good' is beyond language syntax, still I'm considering syntax of plain php only) To give an example what I mean: functions to control http sessions, cookies functions to control connection with databases functions to control file handling functions to control xml etc.. I omit phrases like 'security' or 'patterns' or 'framework' intentionally as it applies to every programming language. Hope I made myself clear, any input appreciated :) Note: Michael J.V. is right claiming that databases are independent from language, so to put my question more precisely and emphasise differences: Practises or security, are some ideas to implement (there is no 'Pattern' object with 'Decorator()' method, is there?) while using databases means knowing a mysqli and a set of its methods.

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• Writing Large Portions Of Code Then Debugging?

  - by The Floating Brain

  Lately I have been writing a game engine, and I have been writing a lot of "foundation stuff" (standard interfaces, modules, a message system ect.), but I have noticed a pattern, a lot of the stuff is interdependent and I can not debug until everything is done, hence I do not debug for about 3 to 5 hours at a time. I am wondering if this is an acceptable practice for this part of the project, and if not, if anyone can give me some advice? -----Update-----: I downloaded some code metrics tools, and my programs cyclomatic complexity is 1.52 which as I understand it is good, and should correlate to high cohesion, if I am wrong please correct me/

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• Nested languages code smell

  - by l0b0

  Many projects combine languages, for example on the web with the ubiquitous SQL + server-side language + markup du jour + JavaScript + CSS mix (often in a single function). Bash and other shell code is mixed with Perl and Python on the server side, evaled and sometimes even passed through sed before execution. Many languages support runtime execution of arbitrary code strings, and in some it seems to be fairly common practice. In addition to advice about security and separation of concerns, what other issues are there with this type of programming, what can be done to minimize it, and is it ever defensible (except in the "PHB on the shoulder" situation)?

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• Artist, Looking to lean how to program games, where do I start? [on hold]

  - by Christopher Hindson

  I have bean an artist for many years now I am very comfortable with using Photoshop and Flash but I want to learn how to but together my own games, I bean doing my own research into this and at the moment I am at little bit stuck on witch direction to go down. So my question is witch programming language should I learn? I have already bean looking into this what i understand is that Gamemaker with its built in language (GML) is one of the most friendly to people who are new to the game making world. I have played around with this program and was pretty happy with it but I want more also you can use Unity with language such as C and javascript and then games built with Java witch looks interesting. One more thing before you send your answer in at this moment in time I would only be able to make 2D game but 3D isn't out of the picture.

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• Would you use (a dialect of) LISP for a real-world application? Where and why?

  - by Anto

  LISP (and dialects such as Scheme, Common LISP and Clojure) haven't gained much industry support even though they are quite decent programming languages. (At the moment though it seems like they are gaining some traction). Now, this is not directly related to the question, which is would you use a LISP dialect for a production program? What kind of program and why? Usages of the kind of being integrated into some other code (e.g. C) are included as well, but note that it is what you mean in your answer. Broad concepts are preferred but specific applications are okey as well.

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• Is writing software in the absence of requirements a skill to possess or a situation I should avoid?

  - by Brian Reindel

  I find that some software developers are very adept at this, and often times are praised for their ability to deliver a working concept with abstract requirements. Frankly, this drives me crazy, and I don't like "making it up" as I go. I used to think this was problematic, but I've started to sense a shift, and I'm wondering if I need to adjust my thought (and programming) process when given very little direction. Should I begin to acquire this ability as a skill, or stick to the idea that requirement's gathering and business rules are the first priority?

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• Should data structures be integrated into the language (as in Python) or be provided in the standard library (as in Java)?

  - by Anto

  In Python, and most likely many other programming languages, common data structures can be found as an integrated part of the core language with their own dedicated syntax. If we put LISP's integrated list syntax aside, I can't think of any other languages that I know which provides some kind of data structure above the array as an integrated part of their syntax, though all of them (but C, I guess) seem to provide them in the standard library. From a language design perspective, what are your opinions on having a specific syntax for data structures in the core language? Is it a good idea, and does the purpose of the language (etc.) change how good this could be of a choice? Edit: I'm sorry for (apparently) causing some confusion about which data structures I mean. I talk about the basic and commonly used ones, but still not the most basic ones. This excludes trees (too complex, uncommon), stacks (too seldom used), arrays (too simple) but includes e.g. sets, lists and hashmaps.

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• Knowing so much but application is a problem?

  - by Moaz ELdeen

  In my work, my friends always tell me, you know so much about computer science, electronics engineering,..etc. But I have difficulty in applying them and my code is crap. How to solve that problem? Will I be better or programming isn't my career? For example, yes I know OCTree that is used for space partitioning in games and it is used for optimization, did I implement it? No, but I know about it in principle.. Do I know algorithms like Sorting, Searching,..etc? Yes, and I know them pretty well, but didn't implement them.. When I get a task, I struggle in applying the things that I know...

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• What tools should I consider if my strategy is to make a game available to as many platforms as possible?

  - by Kenji Kina

  We're planning on developing a 2D, grid-based puzzle game, and although it's still very early in the planning stages, we'd like to make our decisions well from the beginning. Our strategy will be to make the game available to as many platforms as possible, for example PCs (Windows, Mac and/or Linux), mobile phones (iPhone and/or Android based phones), game consoles (XBLA and/or PSN) PC will have an emphasis, but I believe that's the most flexible platform so that shouldn't be a problem. So, what programming language, game engine, frameworks and all around tools would be best suited for our goal? P.S.: I'm betting a set of tools won't cover ALL of them, and that there will still be some kind of "translating" effort for some platforms, but we'd like to know what the most far reaching are.

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• What language yields most rapid development of a SOAP client application

  - by mathematician1975

  I have written a SOAP client application. It started off as Perl but I needed it to have proper multithreaded capabilities, so I rewrote it in C++ which was a horrendous experience and the development time was many many times more than that of the Perl bot. I need to implement a new SOAP client and I was wondering what peoples opinions were about choice of language with regards to fastest development time. C++ is clearly not well suited to web services type programming so there is no way I am going to write in C++ again.

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• "PHP: Good Parts"-ish book / reference

  - by julkiewicz

  Before I had my first proper contact with Javascript I read an excellent book "Javascript: The Good Parts" by Douglas Crockford. I was hoping for something similar in case of PHP. My first thought was this book: "PHP: The Good Parts" from O'Reilly However after I read the reviews it seems it totally misses the point. I am looking for a resource that would: concentrate on known shortcommings of PHP, give concrete examples, be as exhaustive as possible I already see that things can go wrong. If you want to close this question: Please consider this, I looked through SO, and Programmers for materials. I obviously found this question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/90924/what-is-the-best-php-programming-book It's general, mine is specific. Moreover I'm reading the top recommendation "PHP Objects, Patterns, and Practice" right now. I find it insufficient -- it doesn't address the bad practices as much as I would like it to. tl;dr My question is NOT a general PHP book request.

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• What technologies are used for Game development now days?

  - by Monika Michael

  Whenever I ask a question about game development in an online forum I always get suggestions like learning line drawing algorithms, bit level image manipulation and video decompression etc. However looking at games like God of War 3, I find it hard to believe that these games could be developed using such low level techniques. The sheer awesomeness of such games defy any comprehensible(for me) programming methodology. Besides the gaming hardware is really a monster now days. So it stands to reason that the developers would work at a higher level of abstraction. What is the latest development methodology in the gaming industry? How is it that a team of 30-35 developers (of which most is management and marketing fluff) able to make such mind boggling games?

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• Is it common to prototype in a higher level language?

  - by Mark Canlas

  I'm currently toying with the idea of embarking on a project that far exceeds my current programming ability in a language I have very little real world experience in (C). Would it be valuable to prototype in a higher level language that I'm more familiar with (like Perl/Python/Ruby/C#) just so I can get the overall design going? Ultimately, the final product is performance sensitive, hence the choice of C, but I'm afraid not knowing C well will make me lose the forest for the trees. While searching for similar questions, I noticed one fellow mention that programmers used to prototype in Prolog, then crank it out in assembler.

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• What are the typical applications of Lisp macros?

  - by Giorgio

  I am trying to learn some LISP and I have read a lot about the importance of LISP macros so I would like to get some working experience with them. Can you suggest a practical application area that would allow me to use macros to solve a real-world problem, and to understand the usefulness of this programming construct? NOTE This is not a generic what project should I do next question. I am interested to understand which kinds of problems are typically solved by means of LISP macros. E.g., are they good for implementing abstract data types? Why was this construct added to the language? What kinds of problems does it solve that cannot be solved by means of simple functions?

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• Are all languages basically the same?

  - by Anirudh

  Recently, i had to understand the design of a small program written in a language i had no idea about (ABAP, if you must know). I could figure it out without too much difficulty. I realize that mastering a new language is a completely different ball game, but purely understanding the intent of code (specifically production standard code, which is not necessarily complex) in any language is straight forward, if you already know a couple of languages (preferably one procedural/OO and one functional). Is this generally true? Are all programming languages made up of similar constructs like loops, conditional statements and message passing between functions? Are there non-esoteric languages that a typical Java/Ruby/Haskell programmer would not be able to make sense of? Do all languages have a common origin?

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• Maintainability of Boolean logic - Is nesting if statements needed?

  - by Vaccano

  Which of these is better for maintainability? if (byteArrayVariable != null) if (byteArrayVariable .Length != 0) //Do something with byteArrayVariable OR if ((byteArrayVariable != null) && (byteArrayVariable.Length != 0)) //Do something with byteArrayVariable I prefer reading and writing the second, but I recall reading in code complete that doing things like that is bad for maintainability. This is because you are relying on the language to not evaluate the second part of the if if the first part is false and not all languages do that. (The second part will throw an exception if evaluated with a null byteArrayVariable.) I don't know if that is really something to worry about or not, and I would like general feedback on the question. Thanks.

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• How to increase the bus factor and specialize at the same time?

  - by bizso09

  In agile pair programming it is recommended to switch pairs every now and then so as to increase the bus factor of the team. That means, most people in the team should work on different parts of the system at different times so that everyone has an understanding of it. Now it is impssible that everyone has an expert level of understanding of each part of the system. That's because people are urged to specialize in one area of expertise. If you are an expert database admin, what's the point of working on the user interface of the system when you switch pairs? You will not be able to do such a high quality job as someone who has extensive experience in UI design. How can you increase the bus factor and make sure that you have specialization in your team?

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• Simple 3D Physics engine as a part of graduation project [on hold]

  - by Eugene Kolesnikov

  I am working on my graduation project and one part of it is to simulate the motion of a rigid body in 3D space. I can use either already written physics engine or to write it myself. It's quite an interesting challenge for me, so I would like to do it myself. I am able to use either C++ or Java for programming (prefer C++). I am using Mac OS X and Debian 7. Could you suggest any guides or tutorials how to do it, can't find it anywhere... More precisely, I need a very simple engine, without collision detection, and many other things that I do not know, I just need to calculate the forces and move my body, depending on the resultant force. If you think that this task is still very difficult or there is no such tutorial, please suggest me some good and simple engine.

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• Are Languages pretty much "stable" for now?

  - by Sauron

  Pardon the odd question, but I looked recently at a sort of "timeline" of Programming Languages and while alot has changed in the past 5-10 years and what has grown, there are alot of languages that have pretty much "stayed" the same in their same niche/use. Like for Example C.....we don't really ever see much languages being developed (Correct me if im wrong) to try to Unseat C, however there are alot of languages that try to do Similar things (Look at all the SQL/No-SQL languages) Scripting Languages, etc... Is there a reason for this? Or is it just because C does what C does so well.....that there isn't really a need?

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• Know a little of a lot or a lot of a little? [closed]

  - by Jeff V

  Possible Duplicate: Is it better to specialize in a single field I like, or expand into other fields to broaden my horizons? My buddy and I who have been programming for 13 years or so were talking this morning and a question that came up was is it better to know a little of a lot (i.e. web, desktop, VB.Net, C#, jQuery, PHP, Java etc.) or is it better to know a lot of a little (meaning expert in something). The context of this question is what makes someone a senior programmer? Is it someone that has been around the block a few times and has been in many different situations or one that is locked in to a specific technology that is super knowledgeable in that one technology? I see pro's and con's of both scenarios.. Just wondering what others thought.

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• Does C# give you "less rope to hang yourself" than C++?

  - by user115232

  Joel Spolsky characterized C++ as "enough rope to hang yourself". Actually, he was summarizing "Effective C++" by Scott Meyers: It's a book that basically says, C++ is enough rope to hang yourself, and then a couple of extra miles of rope, and then a couple of suicide pills that are disguised as M&Ms... I don't have a copy of the book, but there are indications that much of the book relates to pitfalls of managing memory which seem like would be rendered moot in C# because the runtime manages those issues for you. Here are my questions: Does C# avoid pitfalls that are avoided in C++ only by careful programming? If so, to what degree and how are they avoided? Are there new, different pitfalls in C# that a new C# programmer should be aware of? If so, why couldn't they be avoided by the design of C#?

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• What is So Unique About Node.js?

  - by Adrian Shum

  Recently there has been a lot of praise for Node.js. I am not a developer that has had much exposure to network application. From my bare understanding of Nodes.js, its strength is: we have only one thread handling multiple connections, providing an event-based architecture. However, for example in Java, I can create only one thread using NIO/AIO (which is non-blocking APIs from my bare understanding), and handle multiple connections using that thread, and I provide an event-based architecture to implement the data handling logic (shouldn't be that difficult by providing some callback etc) ? Given JVM being a even more mature VM than V8 (I expect it to run faster too), and event-based handling architecture seems to be something not difficult to create, I am not sure why Node.js is attracting so much attention. Did I miss some important points?

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• Besides macros, are there any other metaprogramming techniques?

  - by mhr

  I'm making a programming language, and, having spent some time in Lisp/Scheme, I feel that my language should be malleable. Should I use macros, or is there something else I might/should use? Is malleable syntax even a good idea? Is it perhaps too powerful a concept? EDIT: In doing some research, I found fexprs. I don't really understand what these are. Help with that in an answer too please. EDIT2: Is it possible to have a language with macros/something-of-a-similar-nature without having s-expressions?

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• Adaptive Characters: AI Solution Needs a Problem

  - by Roger F. Gay

  Have sophisticated adaptive programming, will travel - so to speak. I'm part of a group that developed sophisticated learning / adaptive software for robotics. The system "thinks" via its simulator, building and adapting code on its own; and then carries out the best solution. The software can also adapt to new situations, etc. http://mensnewsdaily.com/2007/05/16/robobusiness-robots-with-imagination/ It's easy to imagine using it with automated game characters that will adapt to the players moves and style - the easiest example would be fighting. The more the simulated fighter fights with the human player, the more it learns to counter that players fighting skills. But there should be more. Anyone have any ideas as to how adaptive characters might be interesting in games?

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