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• How can I process command line arguments in Python?

  - by photographer

  What would be an easy expression to process command line arguments if I'm expecting anything like 001 or 999 (let's limit expectations to 001...999 range for this time), and few other arguments passed, and would like to ignore any unexpected? I understand if for example I need to find out if "debug" was passed among parameters it'll be something like that: if 'debug' in argv[1:]: print 'Will be running in debug mode.' How to find out if 009 or 575 was passed? All those are expected calls: python script.py python script.py 011 python script.py 256 debug python script.py 391 xls python script.py 999 debug pdf At this point I don't care about calls like that: python script.py 001 002 245 568 python script.py some unexpected argument python script.py 0001 python script.py 02 ...first one - because of more than one "numeric" argument; second - because of... well, unexpected arguments; third and fourth - because of non-3-digits arguments.

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• C# to Java: where T : new() Syntax

  - by Shiftbit

  I am porting some C# code over to Java. I am having trouble with the where Syntax, specifically new(). I understand that where is similar to Java's generic: T extends FOO. How I can replicate the new() argument in Java? "The new() Constraint lets the compiler know that any type argument supplied must have an accessible parameterless--or default-- constructor." - MSDN ie: public class BAR<T> : BAR where T : FOO, new() Right now I have: public class BAR<T extends FOO> extends ABSTRACTBAR { public HXIT(T t){ this.value = t; } .... }

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• Why is Django reverse() failing with unicode?

  - by JeffS

  Here is a django models file that is not working as I would expect. I would expect the to_url method to do the reverse lookup in the urls.py file, and get a url that would correspond to calling that view with arguments supplied by the Arguments model. from django.db import models class Element(models.Model): viewname = models.CharField(max_length = 200) arguments = models.ManyToManyField('Argument', null = True, blank = True ) @models.permalink def to_url(self): d = dict( self.arguments.values_list('key', 'value') ) return (self.viewname, (), d) class Argument(models.Model): key = models.CharField(max_length=200) value = models.CharField(max_length=200) The value d ends up as a dictionary from a unicode string to another unicode string, which I believe, should work fine with the reverse() method that would be called by the permalink decorator, however, it results in: TypeError: reverse() keywords must be strings

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• how to write re-usable views in django?

  - by rz

  These are the techniques that I use regularly to make my views reusable: take the template_name as an argument with a default take an optional extra_context which defaults to empty {} right before the template is rendered the context is updated with the extra_context for further re-usability, call any callable in extra_context.values() whenever the view deals with a queryset, there is a queryset argument with a default whenever the view needs a particular object from the ORM, it attempts to fetch it using any "id" parameter in several ways (e.g. as a slug, as a database id) (this may be a bad practice...) First, Should I add anything to my list? Should I remove anything from my list? The items accommodates a large number of cases. However, whenever an app extends a model of another in some way (e.g. adding a field or changing the behavior in some way) I end up writing my own views and only reusing the model. Is this normal?

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• Corner Cases, Unexpected and Unusual Matlab

  - by Mikhail

  Over the years, reading others code, I encountered and collected some examples of Matlab syntax which can be at first unusual and counterintuitive. Please, feel free to comment or complement this list. I verified it r2006a. set([], 'Background:Color','red') Matlab is very forgiving sometimes. In this case, setting properties to an array of objects works also with nonsense properties, at least when the array is empty. myArray([1,round(end/2)]) This use of end keyword may seem unclean but is sometimes very handy instead of using length(myArray). any([]) ~= all([]) Surprisigly any([]) returns false and all([]) returns true. And I always thought that all is stronger then any. EDIT: with not empty argument all() returns true for a subset of values for which any() returns true (e.g. truth table). This means that any() false implies all() false. This simple rule is being violated by Matlab with [] as argument. Loren also blogged about it. Select(Range(ExcelComObj)) Procedural style COM object method dispatch. Do not wonder that exist('Select') returns zero! [myString, myCell] Matlab makes in this case an implicit cast of string variable myString to cell type {myString}. It works, also if I would not expect it to do so. [double(1.8), uint8(123)] => 2 123 Another cast example. Everybody would probably expect uint8 value being cast to double but Mathworks have another opinion. a = 5; b = a(); It looks silly but you can call a variable with round brackets. Actually it makes sense because this way you can execute a function given its handle. a = {'aa', 'bb' 'cc', 'dd'}; Surprsisingly this code neither returns a vector nor rises an error but defins matrix, using just code layout. It is probably a relict from ancient times. set(hobj, {'BackgroundColor','ForegroundColor'},{'red','blue'}) This code does what you probably expect it to do. That function set accepts a struct as its second argument is a known fact and makes sense, and this sintax is just a cell2struct away. Equvalence rules are sometimes unexpected at first. For example 'A'==65 returns true (although for C-experts it is self-evident). About which further unexpected/unusual Matlab features are you aware?

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• Flex Button CSS skinning

  - by dta

  I have a CSS file containing the following definition : .Tab{ up-skin:Embed(skinClass='XUpSkin'); over-skin:Embed(skinClass='XOverSkin'); disabled-skin:Embed(skinClass='XDisabledSkin'); } And a Flex file : <mx:Button id="b1" style="Tab"/> Now, I want to use the disabled-skin defined in the CSS, as the upSkin of b1. So something like b1.setStyle("upSkin","Tab.disabled-skin"); But I am struggling with the exact syntax of the second argument for setStyle. What should I use for the second argument for setStyle method?

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• Python: Can subclasses overload inherited methods?

  - by Rosarch

  I'm making a shopping cart app in Google App Engine. I have many classes that derive from a base handler: class BaseHandler(webapp.RequestHandler): def get(self, CSIN=None): self.body(CSIN) Does this mean that the body() method of every descendant class needs to have the same argument? This is cumbersome. Only one descendant actually uses that argument. And what about when I add new args? Do I need to go through and change every class? class Detail(BaseHandler): def body(self, CSIN): class MainPage(BaseHandler): def body(self, CSIN=None): #@UnusedVariable class Cart(BaseHandler): def body(self, CSIN): #@UnusedVariable

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• How to remove some of the TimeSeries titles in a AChartEngine Time Series View

  - by user1831310

  As a workaround of not being able to change colors of selected points in a series on an AChartEngine Time Chart, I was using an additional series for each point whose color has to be changed. I need to disable series titles for those additional series. Using empty string as the argument to the Time Series construtor: TimeSeries ts = TimeSeries(""); still results in the line-and-point symbol being placed with empty series title string under the X-axis labels for each such series. It would be a desirable feature for AChartEngine to remove both the line-and-point symbol and the series title string for a series created with a null argument to the TimeSeries construtor call: TimeSeries ts = TimeSeries(null); But this currently resulted in nullPointerException instead. Would the AChartEngine developers consider the above suggestion and until then, is there a way to remove some of the TimeSeries titles from a AChartEngine Time Series View? Best regards.

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• Django/Python best practice template_dict

  - by fredrik

  Hi, After just been coding for about 6-9 months. I probably changed my coding style a number of times after reading some code or read best practices. But one thing I haven't yet come a cross is a good why to populate the template_dict. As of now I pass the template_dict across a number of methods (that changes/modifies it) and returns is. The result is that every methods takes template_dict as first argument and the returns it and this in my eyes doesn't seems to be the best solution. An idea is to have a method that handles all the changes. But I'm curios if there's a best practice for this? Or is it "do what you feel like"-type of thing? The 2 things I think is pretty ugly is to send as an argument and return it in all methods. And the just the var name is written xxx number of times in the code :) ..fredrik

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• Binary comparison operators on generic types

  - by Brian Triplett

  I have a generic class that takes a type T. Within this class I have a method were I need to compare a type T to another type T such as: public class MyClass<T> { public T MaxValue { // Implimentation for MaxValue } public T MyMethod(T argument) { if(argument > this.MaxValue) { // Then do something } } } The comparison operation inside of MyMethod fails with Compiler Error CS0019. Is it possible to add a constraint to T to make this work? I tried adding a where T: IComparable<T> to the class definition to no avail.

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• Function pointer arrays in Fortran

  - by Eduardo Dobay

  I can create function pointers in Fortran 90, with code like real, external :: f and then use f as an argument to another function/subroutine. But what if I want an array of function pointers? In C I would just do double (*f[])(int); to create an array of functions returning double and taking an integer argument. I tried the most obvious, real, external, dimension(3) :: f but gfortran doesn't let me mix EXTERNAL and DIMENSION. Is there any way to do what I want? (The context for this is a program for solving a system of differential equations, so I could input the equations without having a million parameters in my subroutines.)

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• How can I use functools.partial on multiple methods on an object, and freeze parameters out of order

  - by Joseph Garvin

  I find functools.partial to be extremely useful, but I would like to be able to freeze arguments out of order (the argument you want to freeze is not always the first one) and I'd like to be able to apply it to several methods on a class at once, to make a proxy object that has the same methods as the underlying object except with some of its methods parameter being frozen (think of it as generalizing partial to apply to classes). I've managed to scrap together a version of functools.partial called 'bind' that lets me specify parameters out of order by passing them by keyword argument. That part works: >>> def foo(x, y): ... print x, y ... >>> bar = bind(foo, y=3) >>> bar(2) 2 3 But my proxy class does not work, and I'm not sure why: >>> class Foo(object): ... def bar(self, x, y): ... print x, y ... >>> a = Foo() >>> b = PureProxy(a, bar=bind(Foo.bar, y=3)) >>> b.bar(2) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> TypeError: bar() takes exactly 3 arguments (2 given) I'm probably doing this all sorts of wrong because I'm just going by what I've pieced together from random documentation, blogs, and running dir() on all the pieces. Suggestions both on how to make this work and better ways to implement it would be appreciated ;) One detail I'm unsure about is how this should all interact with descriptors. Code follows. from types import MethodType class PureProxy(object): def __init__(self, underlying, **substitutions): self.underlying = underlying for name in substitutions: subst_attr = substitutions[name] if hasattr(subst_attr, "underlying"): setattr(self, name, MethodType(subst_attr, self, PureProxy)) def __getattribute__(self, name): return getattr(object.__getattribute__(self, "underlying"), name) def bind(f, *args, **kwargs): """ Lets you freeze arguments of a function be certain values. Unlike functools.partial, you can freeze arguments by name, which has the bonus of letting you freeze them out of order. args will be treated just like partial, but kwargs will properly take into account if you are specifying a regular argument by name. """ argspec = inspect.getargspec(f) argdict = copy(kwargs) if hasattr(f, "im_func"): f = f.im_func args_idx = 0 for arg in argspec.args: if args_idx >= len(args): break argdict[arg] = args[args_idx] args_idx += 1 num_plugged = args_idx def new_func(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs): args_idx = 0 for arg in argspec.args[num_plugged:]: if arg in argdict: continue if args_idx >= len(inner_args): # We can't raise an error here because some remaining arguments # may have been passed in by keyword. break argdict[arg] = inner_args[args_idx] args_idx += 1 f(**dict(argdict, **inner_kwargs)) new_func.underlying = f return new_func

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• Encode complex number as RGB pixel and back

  - by Vi

  How is it better to encode a complex number into RGB pixel and vice versa? Probably (logarithm of) an absolute value goes to brightness and an argument goes to hue. Desaturated pixes should receive randomized argument in reverse transformation. Something like: 0 - (0,0,0) 1 - (255,0,0) -1 - (0,255,255) 0.5 - (128,0,0) i - (255,255,0) -i - (255,0,255) (0,0,0) - 0 (255,255,255) - e^(i * random) (128,128,128) - 0.5 * e^(i *random) (0,128,128) - -0.5 Are there ready-made formulas for that? Edit: Looks like I just need to convert RGB to HSB and back. Edit 2: Existing RGB - HSV converter fragment: if (hsv.sat == 0) { hsv.hue = 0; // ! return hsv; } I don't want 0. I want random. And not just if hsv.sat==0, but if it is lower that it should be ("should be" means maximum saturation, saturation that is after transformation from complex number).

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• Auto mapping a IDictionary<string, myclass> with fluent nhibernate

  - by Marcus

  I have a simple class that looks like this: public class Item { // some properties public virtual IDictionary<string, Detail> Details { get; private set; } } and then I have a map that looks like this: map.HasMany(x => x.Details).AsMap<string>("Name").AsIndexedCollection<string>("Name", c => c.GetIndexMapping()).Cascade.All().KeyColumn("Item_Id")) with this map I get the following error and I don't know how to solve it? The type or method has 2 generic parameter(s), but 1 generic argument(s) were provided. A generic argument must be provided for each generic parameter.

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• Any way to get TStringList.CommaText to not escape commas with quotes?

  - by Mason Wheeler

  I'm doing some work with code generation, and one of the things I need to do is create a function call where one of the parameters is a function call, like so: result := Func1(x, y, Func2(a, b, c)); TStringList.CommaText is very useful for generating the parameter lists, but when I traverse the tree to build the outer function call, what I end up with looks like this: result := Func1(x, y, "Func2(a, b, c)"); It's quoting the third argument because it contains commas, and that produced invalid code. But I can't do something simplistic like StringReplace all double quotes with empty strings, because it's quite possible that a function argument could be a string with double quotes inside. Is there any way to make it just not escape the lines that contain commas?

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• Problem with combination boost::exception and boost::variant

  - by Rick

  Hello all, I have strange problem with two-level variant struct when boost::exception is included. I have following code snippet: #include <boost/variant.hpp> #include <boost/exception/all.hpp> typedef boost::variant< int > StoredValue; typedef boost::variant< StoredValue > ExpressionItem; inline std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream & os, const StoredValue& stvalue ) { return os;} inline std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream & os, const ExpressionItem& stvalue ) { return os; } When I try to compile it, I have following error: boost/exception/detail/is_output_streamable.hpp(45): error C2593: 'operator <<' is ambiguous test.cpp(11): could be 'std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &,const ExpressionItem &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup] test.cpp(8): or 'std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &,const StoredValue &)' [found using argument-dependent lookup] 1> while trying to match the argument list '(std::basic_ostream<_Elem,_Traits>, const boost::error_info<Tag,T>)' 1> with 1> [ 1> _Elem=char, 1> _Traits=std::char_traits<char> 1> ] 1> and 1> [ 1> Tag=boost::tag_original_exception_type, 1> T=const type_info * 1> ] Code snippet is simplified as much as possible, in the real code are structures much more complicated and each variant has five sub-types. When i remove #include and try following test snippet, program is compiled correctly: void TestVariant() { ExpressionItem test; std::stringstream str; str << test; } Could someone please advise me how to define operators << in order to function even when using boost::Exception ? Thanks and regards Rick

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• Raw socket sendto() failure in OS X

  - by user37278

  When I open a raw socket is OS X, construct my own udp packet (headers and data), and call sendto(), I get the error "Invalid Argument". Here is a sample program "rawudp.c" from the web site http://www.tenouk.com/Module43a.html that demonstrates this problem. The program (after adding string and stdlib #includes) runs under Fedora 10 but fails with "Invalid Argument" under OS X. Can anyone suggest why this fails in OS X? I have looked and looked and looked at the sendto() call, but all the parameters look good. I'm running the code as root, etc. Is there perhaps a kernel setting that prevents even uid 0 executables from sending packets through raw sockets in OS X Snow Leopard? Thanks.

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• ASP.Net Web Site Project vs. Web Application Project

  - by user144612

  I'm trying to convince my co-workers to switch from a web site project to a web application project, because I want the use of the project file. However I can't diffuse this argument against: The web site project allows each page to be compiled into a single dll. Their argument is this enables easy fixing of errors found after publishing. This is contrast to how the web application project compiles all code behind into a single dll. Is updating a single page's dll essentially different to updating the entire site's dll? Is there some way to compile each page's code behind into a seperate dll in the web application project? Are there some prohibitive (performance,memory?) costs to compiling each page's code behind into seperate dll's that we are unaware of? Why is the feature(?) to compile each page to separate dlls in web site projects and not web app projects?

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• VB.NET function that takes other functions as a parameter, and executes them

  - by rob

  Hello, Is there a way in vb.net to create a sub/function that will take as an argument some kind of pointer to another function, and allow this new sub/function to execute the passed function? What I have are 10-12 xml-rpc functions I am calling against a remote server. Each of these functions has different argument lists (one takes 1 string, another might take 3 strings and one int, etc). All of them return an object. As I am calling these, it seems like it should be able to be factored better. For instance, everytime I call any of these functions, I want to test the return value for a session drop, and do something to try and reconnect to the remote system, etc. Using .net 3.5 Thanks! -R

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• Ruby on Rails: What are partial hash arguments and full set arguments?

  - by williamjones

  I'm using asserts_redirected_to in my unit tests, and I'm receiving this warning: DEPRECATION WARNING: Using assert_redirected_to with partial hash arguments is deprecated. Specify the full set arguments instead. What is a partial hash argument, and what is a full set argument? These aren't terms that I've seen used in the Rails community before, and the only relevant results I can find on Google for these are in reference to this deprecation warning. Here is my code: assert_redirected_to :controller => :user, :action => :search also tried: assert_redirected_to({:controller => :user, :action => :search}) I might have guessed that it feels I'm missing some parameters or something like that, but the API documentation explicitly says that not all parameters need to be included: http://rails.rubyonrails.org/classes/ActionController/Assertions/ResponseAssertions.html

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• Floor function returning EXC_BAD_ACCESS

  - by fastrack20

  The cod that I am using contains these snippets of code. I am calling ThetaG_JD with the argument 2455343.50000 which is just a sample Julian date. Every time I run the program, I receive a EXC_BAD_ACCESS on the indicated line. When using gdb and printing out the intermediary values and passing them through the floor function, I get no error, but when Frac() is used it always returns an error. double Frac(double arg) { /* Returns fractional part of double argument */ return arg - floor(arg); } double ThetaG_JD(double jd) { /* Reference: The 1992 Astronomical Almanac, page B6. */ double UT=0, TU=0, GMST=0; //THIS LINE UT=Frac(jd+0.5); // THAT ONE ^^ jd=jd-UT; TU=(jd-2451545.0)/36525; GMST=24110.54841+TU*(8640184.812866+TU*(0.093104-TU*6.2E-6)); GMST=Modulus(GMST+secday*omega_E*UT,secday); return (twopi*GMST/secday); }

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• C++: How to build an events / messaging system without void pointers?

  - by Jarx

  I'd like to have a dynamic messaging system in my C++ project, one where there is a fixed list of existing events, events can be triggered anywhere during runtime, and where you can subscribe callback functions to certain events. There should be an option for arguments passed around in those events. For example, one event might not need any arguments (EVENT_EXIT), and some may need multiple ones (EVENT_PLAYER_CHAT: Player object pointer, String with message) The first option for making this possible is allowing to pass a void pointer as argument to the event manager when triggering an event, and receiving it in the callback function. Although: I was told that void pointers are unsafe and I shouldn't use them. How can I keep (semi) dynamic argument types and counts for my events whilst not using void pointers?

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• jQuery: Sort div's according to content of different sub divs

  - by rayne

  I'm trying to create a somewhat complex sorting feature which neither uses divs nor lists. Unfortunately two hours of googling didn't help me. Here is the basic setup of my HTML: <div id="all_elements"> <!-- one element --> <div class="element"> <div class="wrapper"> <a href="/" title="links"> <img src="/img/image.jpg" border="0" alt="image" class="image" /></a> <div class="details"> <h3><a href="/" title="title">Name (Sort Argument 1)</a></h3> <div class="title"><a href="/" title="title">Title (Sort Argument 2)</a></div> <div class="year">2010 (Sort Argumentt 3)</div> <div class="country">Great Britain (Sort Argument 4)</div> </div><!-- details --> </div><!-- wrapper --> </div><!-- element --> </div> <!--all_elements--> The setup is a bit complex, but basically .element is the element that needs to be sorted alphabetically according to either the contents of h3, div.title, div.year or div.country. So the user will be able to view the contents of the site either sorted by name, by year, by country or by title. I have this jQuery snippet from a website, but all my attempts on trying to tell it to use the contents of e.g. h3 to sort have failed. Right now it sorts pretty much randomly. jQuery.fn.sort = function() { return this.pushStack([].sort.apply(this, arguments), []); }; function sortAscending(a, b) { return a.innerHTML > b.innerHTML ? 1 : -1; }; function sortDescending(a, b) { return a.innerHTML < b.innerHTML ? 1 : -1; }; $(document).ready(function() { $("#sort").toggle( function() { $('#all_elements .element').sort(sortDescending).appendTo('#all_elements'); $(this).text("Sort Asc"); }, function() { $('#all_elements .element').sort(sortAscending).appendTo('#all_elements'); $(this).text("Sort Desc"); }); }); How can I customize the function to sort the contents of my h3 or divs?

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• C2244 when trying to call the pow function from inline assembly

  - by schrödingers cat

  I would like to call the pow function from inline assembly. The problem is i'm getting error C2244: 'pow' : unable to match function definition to an existing declaration. I'm new to assembly so this may be a trivial question but how do i resolve this? I guess it has something to do with the compiler not beeing able to properly resolve the overload of pow. The following code fragment is causing the error: do_POW: // push first argument to the stack sub esp, size value_type fld qword ptr [ecx] fstp qword ptr [esp] // push second argument to the stack sub esp, size value_type fld qword ptr [ecx - size value_type] fstp qword ptr [esp]and pop fpu stack // call the pow function call pow sub ecx, size value_type fstp qword ptr [ecx] add esp, 2 * size value_type jmp loop_start

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• GCC, functions, and pointer arguments, warning behaviour

  - by James Morris

  I've recently updated to a testing distribution, which is now using GCC 4.4.3. Now I've set everything up, I've returned to coding and have built my project and I get one of these horrible messages: *** glibc detected *** ./boxyseq: free(): invalid pointer: 0x0000000001d873e8 *** I absolutely know what is wrong here, but was rather confused as to when I saw my C code where I call a function which frees a dynamically allocated data structure - I had passed it an incompatible pointer type - a pointer to a completely different data structure. warning: passing argument 1 of 'data_A_free' from incompatible pointer type note: expected 'struct data_A *' but argument is of type 'struct data_B *' I'm confused because I'm sure this would have been an error before and compilation would never have completed. Is this not just going to make life more difficult for C programmers? Can I change it back to an error without making a whole bunch of other warnings errors too? Or am I loosing the plot and it's always been a warning?

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