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• How to stop a ICMP attack?

  - by cumhur onat

  We are under a heavy icmp flood attack. Tcpdump shows the result below. Altough we have blocked ICMP with iptables tcpdump still prints icmp packets. I've also attached iptables configuration and "top" result. Is there any thing I can do to completely stop icmp packets? [root@server downloads]# tcpdump icmp -v -n -nn tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 03:02:47.810957 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16007, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 124, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.811559 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16010, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 52, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.811922 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16012, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 122, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.812485 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16015, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 126, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.812613 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16016, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 122, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.812992 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16018, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 122, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.813582 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16020, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 52, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.814092 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16023, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 120, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.814233 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16024, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 120, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.815579 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16025, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 50, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.815726 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16026, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 50, id 31864, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 76) 77.92.136.196 > 94.201.175.188: [|icmp] 03:02:47.815890 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 49, id 16027, offset 0, flags [none], proto: ICMP (1), length: 56) 80.227.64.183 > 77.92.136.196: ICMP redirect 94.201.175.188 to host 80.227.64.129, length 36 iptables configuration: [root@server etc]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ofis tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:mysql ofis tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:ftp DROP icmp -- anywhere anywhere Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination DROP icmp -- anywhere anywhere Chain ofis (2 references) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- OUR_OFFICE_IP anywhere DROP all -- anywhere anywhere top: top - 03:12:19 up 400 days, 15:43, 3 users, load average: 1.49, 1.67, 2.61 Tasks: 751 total, 3 running, 748 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 8.2%us, 1.0%sy, 0.0%ni, 87.9%id, 2.1%wa, 0.1%hi, 0.7%si, 0.0%st Mem: 32949948k total, 26906844k used, 6043104k free, 4707676k buffers Swap: 10223608k total, 0k used, 10223608k free, 14255584k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 36 root 39 19 0 0 0 R 100.8 0.0 17:03.56 ksoftirqd/11 10552 root 15 0 11408 1460 676 R 5.7 0.0 0:00.04 top 7475 lighttpd 15 0 304m 22m 15m S 3.8 0.1 0:05.37 php-cgi 1294 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 1.9 0.0 380:54.73 kjournald 3574 root 15 0 631m 11m 5464 S 1.9 0.0 0:00.65 node 7766 lighttpd 16 0 302m 19m 14m S 1.9 0.1 0:05.70 php-cgi 10237 postfix 15 0 52572 2216 1692 S 1.9 0.0 0:00.02 scache 1 root 15 0 10372 680 572 S 0.0 0.0 0:07.99 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:16.72 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:10.46 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.11 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 2:36.15 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.19 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 11 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 3:48.91 migration/3 12 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 ksoftirqd/3 13 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 uname -a [root@server etc]# uname -a Linux thisis.oursite.com 2.6.18-238.19.1.el5 #1 SMP Fri Jul 15 07:31:24 EDT 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux arp -an [root@server downloads]# arp -an ? (77.92.136.194) at 00:25:90:04:F0:90 [ether] on eth0 ? (192.168.0.2) at 00:25:90:04:F0:91 [ether] on eth1 ? (77.92.136.193) at 00:23:9C:0B:CD:01 [ether] on eth0

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• ubuntu mail server settings and /etc/hosts file

  - by mbrc

  This is my /etc/hosts file 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 127.0.1.1 ubuntu-server.xx.com ubuntu-server 193.77.xx.xx mail.xx.com mail # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters is this correct configuration for my mail server. I am behind router so i don't know if is ok to use my IP for mail.xx.com and 127.0.0.1 for localhost problem is that i can receive mail but when i send it i get Oct 17 21:29:32 ubuntu-server postfix/smtpd[2453]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Oct 17 21:29:32 ubuntu-server postfix/smtpd[2453]: warning: my.router[192.168.1.1]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure Oct 17 21:29:34 ubuntu-server postfix/smtpd[2453]: warning: my.router[192.168.1.1]: SASL LOGIN authentication failed: authentication failure EDIT: mabye is problem some port. i foward this ports. POP3 - port 110 IMAP - port 143 SMTP - port 25 HTTP - port 80 Secure SMTP (SSMTP) - port 465 Secure IMAP (IMAP4-SSL) - port 585 StartTLS - port 587 IMAP4 over SSL (IMAPS) - port 993 Secure POP3 (SSL-POP) - port 995 postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 delay_warning_time = 4h disable_vrfy_command = yes inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mailbox_size_limit = 0 maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d message_size_limit = 0 minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = myhostname = mail.xx.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mynetworks_style = host myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no receive_override_options = no_address_mappings recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/private/mail.xx.com.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/mail.xx.com.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/maps/alias.cf virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/maps/domain.cf virtual_mailbox_limit = 0 virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/maps/user.cf virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 saslfinger -c version: 1.0.4ostfix Cyrus sasl configuration Ä mode: client-side SMTP AUTH -- basics -- Postfix: 2.9.3 System: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS \n \l -- smtp is linked to -- libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libsasl2.so.2 (0x00d3a000) -- active SMTP AUTH and TLS parameters for smtp -- relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes -- listing of /usr/lib/sasl2 -- total 28 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 okt 14 15:18 . drwxr-xr-x 72 root root 12288 okt 14 15:03 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1 maj 4 06:17 berkeley_db.txt -rw-r----- 1 root root 701 okt 14 15:18 saslpasswd.conf -rw-r----- 1 smmta smmsp 885 okt 14 15:18 Sendmail.conf -- listing of /etc/postfix/sasl -- total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 okt 11 18:55 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 okt 12 06:59 .. -rwx------ 1 root root 241 okt 11 18:55 smtpd.conf Cannot find the smtp_sasl_password_maps parameter in main.cf. Client-side SMTP AUTH cannot work without this parameter!

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• Linux buffer cache effect on IO writes?

  - by Patrick LeBoutillier

  I'm copying large files (3 x 30G) between 2 filesystems on a Linux server (kernel 2.6.37, 16 cores, 32G RAM) and I'm getting poor performance. I suspect that the usage of the buffer cache is killing the I/O performance. To try and narrow down the problem I used fio directly on the SAS disk to monitor the performance. Here is the output of 2 fio runs (the first with direct=1, the second one direct=0): Config: [test] rw=write blocksize=32k size=20G filename=/dev/sda # direct=1 Run 1: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/205M /s] [0/6K iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4667 write: io=20,480MB, bw=199MB/s, iops=6,381, runt=102698msec clat (usec): min=104, max=13,388, avg=152.06, stdev=72.43 bw (KB/s) : min=192448, max=213824, per=100.01%, avg=204232.82, stdev=4084.67 cpu : usr=3.37%, sys=16.55%, ctx=655410, majf=0, minf=29 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 250=99.50%, 500=0.45%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=199MB/s, minb=204MB/s, maxb=204MB/s, mint=102698msec, maxt=102698msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=0/655238, merge=0/0, ticks=0/79552, in_queue=78640, util=76.55% Run 2: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/0K /s] [0/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4733 write: io=20,480MB, bw=91,265KB/s, iops=2,852, runt=229786msec clat (usec): min=16, max=127K, avg=349.53, stdev=4694.98 bw (KB/s) : min=56013, max=1390016, per=101.47%, avg=92607.31, stdev=167453.17 cpu : usr=0.41%, sys=6.93%, ctx=21128, majf=0, minf=33 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 20=5.53%, 50=93.89%, 100=0.02%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.12% lat (msec): 100=0.38%, 250=0.04% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=91,265KB/s, minb=93,455KB/s, maxb=93,455KB/s, mint=229786msec, maxt=229786msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=8/79811, merge=7/7721388, ticks=9/32418456, in_queue=32471983, util=98.98% I'm not knowledgeable enough with fio to interpret the results, but I don't expect the overall performance using the buffer cache to be 50% less than with O_DIRECT. Can someone help me interpret the fio output? Are there any kernel tunings that could fix/minimize the problem? Thanks a lot,

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• rTorrent, too low memory usage !?

  - by Claudiu

  I want to know from more experienced rTorrent users how to tweak the .rtorrent.rc so that rTorrent will cache disk reading and writing (same as uTorrent does). I have set the max_memory_usage = 1GB but this amount is not used. I run 6 rTorrent instances on a Quad Core, 8 GB Ram machine and total used memory reported by htop is only ~500MB. I need to use memory buffers cause disk IO activity is very high.

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• MySQL on Linux out of memory

  - by Sunrays

  OS: Redhat Enterprise Linux Server Release 5.3 (Tikanga) Architecture: Intel Xeon 64Bit MySQL Server 5.5.20 Enterprise Server advanced edition. Application: Liferay. My database size is 200MB. RAM is 64GB. The memory consumption increases gradually and we run out of memory. Then only rebooting releases all the memory, but then process of memory consumption starts again and reaches 63-64GB in less than a day. Parameters detail: key_buffer_size=16M innodb_buffer_pool_size=3GB inndb_buffer_pool_instances=3 max_connections=1000 innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT innodb_change_buffering=inserts read_buffer_size=2M read_rnd_buffer_size=256K It's a serious production server issue that I am facing. What could be the reason behind this and how to resolve. This is the report of 2pm today, after Linux was rebooted yesterday @ around 10pm. Output of free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 64455 22053 42402 0 1544 1164 -/+ buffers/cache: 19343 45112 Swap: 74998 0 74998 Output of vmstat 2 5 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st 0 0 0 43423976 1583700 1086616 0 0 1 173 22 27 1 1 98 0 0 2 0 0 43280200 1583712 1228636 0 0 0 146 1265 491 2 2 96 1 0 0 0 0 43421940 1583724 1087160 0 0 0 138 1469 738 2 1 97 0 0 1 0 0 43422604 1583728 1086736 0 0 0 5816 1615 934 1 1 97 0 0 0 0 0 43422372 1583732 1086752 0 0 0 2784 1323 545 2 1 97 0 0 Output of top -n 3 -b top - 14:16:22 up 16:32, 5 users, load average: 0.79, 0.77, 0.93 Tasks: 345 total, 1 running, 344 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 1.0%us, 0.9%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.1%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st Mem: 66002772k total, 22656292k used, 43346480k free, 1582152k buffers Swap: 76798724k total, 0k used, 76798724k free, 1163616k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 6434 mysql 15 0 4095m 841m 5500 S 113.5 1.3 426:53.69 mysqld 1 root 15 0 10344 680 572 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.09 init 2 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 migration/0 3 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/0 4 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 migration/1 6 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/1 7 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/1 8 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/2 9 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/2 10 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/2 11 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/3 12 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/3 13 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/3 14 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/4 15 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/4 16 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/4 17 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/5 18 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/5 19 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/5 20 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/6 21 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/6 22 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/6 23 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/7 24 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/7 25 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/7 26 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/8 27 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/8 28 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/8 29 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/9 30 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/9 31 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/9 32 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/10 33 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/10 34 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/10 35 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/11 36 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/11 37 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/11 38 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/12 39 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/12 40 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/12 41 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/13 42 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/13 43 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/13 44 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/14 45 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/14 46 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/14 47 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/15 48 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 ksoftirqd/15 49 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/15 50 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/16 51 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/16 52 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/16 53 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/17 54 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/17 55 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/17 56 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/18 57 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/18 58 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/18 59 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/19 60 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/19 61 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/19 62 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/20 63 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/20 64 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/20 65 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/21 66 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/21 67 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/21 68 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/22 69 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/22 70 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/22 71 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/23 72 root 34 19 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ksoftirqd/23 73 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/23 74 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 events/0 75 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/1 76 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/2 77 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/3 78 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/4 79 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/5 80 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/6 81 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/7 82 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/8 83 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/9 84 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/10 85 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/11 86 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 events/12 87 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/13 88 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/14 89 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/15 90 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/16 91 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/17 92 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/18 93 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/19 94 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/20 95 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/21 96 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/22 97 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 events/23 98 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 khelper 615 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthread 643 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/0 644 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/1 645 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/2 646 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/3 647 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/4 648 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/5 649 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/6 650 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/7 651 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/8 652 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/9 653 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/10 654 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/11 655 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/12 656 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/13 657 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/14 658 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/15 659 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/16 660 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/17 661 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/18 662 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/19 663 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/20 664 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/21 665 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/22 666 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kblockd/23 667 root 17 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kacpid 840 root 17 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/0 841 root 18 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/1 842 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/2 843 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/3 844 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/4 845 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/5 846 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/6 847 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/7 848 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/8 849 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/9 850 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/10 851 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/11 852 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/12 853 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/13 854 root 17 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/14 855 root 18 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/15 856 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/16 857 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/17 858 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/18 859 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/19 860 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/20 861 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/21 862 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/22 863 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 cqueue/23 866 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 khubd 868 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kseriod 1118 root 23 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 pdflush 1119 root 15 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 pdflush 1120 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd0 1121 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kswapd1 1122 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/0 1123 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/1 1124 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/2 1125 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/3 1126 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/4 1127 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/5 1128 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/6 1129 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/7 1130 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/8 1131 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/9 1132 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/10 1133 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/11 1134 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/12 1135 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/13 1136 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/14 1137 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/15 1138 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/16 1139 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/17 1140 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/18 1141 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/19 1142 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/20 1143 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/21 1144 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/22 1145 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 aio/23 1308 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kpsmoused 1566 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/0 1567 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.27 ata/1 1568 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.39 ata/2 1569 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ata/3 1570 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.72 ata/4 1571 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/5 1572 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.15 ata/6 1573 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.07 ata/7 1574 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.06 ata/8 1575 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/9 1576 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/10 1577 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/11 1578 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/12 1579 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 ata/13 1580 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:01.56 ata/14 1581 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 ata/15 1582 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.40 ata/16 1583 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/17 1584 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.11 ata/18 1585 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 ata/19 1586 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 ata/20 1587 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/21 1588 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/22 1589 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata/23 1590 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ata_aux 1616 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:17.20 scsi_eh_0 1617 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_1 1668 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_2 1669 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 qla2xxx_2_dpc 1670 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_wq_2 1671 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 fc_wq_2 1672 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 fc_dl_2 1673 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_eh_3 1674 root 0 -20 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 qla2xxx_3_dpc 1675 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 scsi_wq_3 1676 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 fc_wq_3 1677 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 fc_dl_3 1728 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kstriped 1829 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 1:09.14 kjournald 1857 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kauditd 1891 root 11 -4 13008 1188 388 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.40 udevd 4555 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/0 4556 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/1 4557 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/2 4558 root 14 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/3 4559 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/4 4560 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/5 4561 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/6 4562 root 17 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/7 4563 root 18 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/8 4564 root 19 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/9 4565 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/10 4566 root 20 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/11 4567 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/12 4568 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/13 4569 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/14 4570 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/15 4571 root 14 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/16 4572 root 14 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/17 4573 root 14 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/18 4574 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/19 4575 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/20 4576 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/21 4577 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/22 4578 root 16 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpathd/23 4579 root 18 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kmpath_handlerd 4734 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kjournald 4736 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:04.82 kjournald 4744 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kjournald 5238 root RT 0 87584 3648 2768 S 0.0 0.0 0:03.60 multipathd 5537 root 11 -4 27328 812 580 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.14 auditd 5539 root 7 -8 81804 768 616 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 audispd 5564 root 15 0 5904 632 512 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.10 syslogd 5567 root 15 0 3800 432 344 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 klogd 5579 root 18 0 10728 384 244 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.42 irqbalance 5592 rpc 18 0 8048 584 464 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 portmap 5625 root 18 0 11032 768 632 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpc.statd 5681 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/0 5682 root 11 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/1 5683 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/2 5684 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/3 5685 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/4 5686 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/5 5687 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/6 5688 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/7 5689 root 10 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/8 5690 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/9 5691 root 12 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/10 5692 root 13 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 rpciod/11

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• Notification of low DHCP pool in split scope setup

  - by JJBladester

  In Windows Server 2008 R2, it is possible to read the Event Viewer for EventID 1020 which is an indication that the DHCP pool is running low on addresses. What if I have two DHCP servers in my domain that use an 80/20 split scope to take a /24 pool of DHCP-allocated IP addresses and split it amongst the two servers according to this Technet Article? In this case, since the scope is split, how can I tell if the total DHCP pool, which is split amongst the two DHCP servers, is beginning to run low on address space?

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• Why does Adobe Acrobat Reader require a restart on update?

  - by White Phoenix

  Why does Adobe Acrobat Reader require a restart when you update it? It's a piece of software that reads PDFs. Just what else is it installing/updating that requires a total OS reboot to "complete" the installation? A bit of Googling indicates that it's to allow the OS to install the Adobe "Speed Launcher" - is this it or are there other components that are more tightly into the OS that it must absolutely have to have closed so that it can update them?

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• Generate 300 lists of 12 numbers between 1 and 33 without repeats in excel

  - by Greg

  I am conducting a study in which each of the 300 participants are rating 12 prototypes each. We have 33 prototypes in total. How would I generate 300 lists each containing 12 random prototypes from the 33 in excel ensuring that no list contains a duplicate and all prototypes appear at least 100 times? Thanks

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• dmidecode showing less Memory Capacity than Motherboard spec?

  - by starchx

  We got a supermicro server, http://www.supermicro.com/products/system/1u/5016/sys-5016i-ur.cfm, according spec, the server supports up to 32G memory when using ECC Register Memory. However, when I tried the dmidecode command, it says 24G max memory: [root@c1 ~]# dmidecode | grep Maximum Maximum Size: 256 kB Maximum Size: 1024 kB Maximum Size: 8192 kB Maximum Memory Module Size: 4096 MB Maximum Total Memory Size: 24576 MB Maximum Capacity: 24 GB Maximum Value: Unknown Which one I should trust?

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• MySQL Execution Time Spikes

  - by Brett

  I am having issues with MySQL all of the sudden today. Details: OS: CentOS release 5.7 Server type: Parallels virtuozzo container running on mediatemple DV 4.0 package Average total memory usage: <500mb Total memory usage allowed: 1gb (part of shared pool for emergency only, users are only guaranteed 500mb) Processor: 1ghz Main database sizes with most usage: 275mb & 107mb server stack: nginx 1.0.10, mysql 5.1.54, php 5.3.8 with php-fpm innodb_buffer_pool_size=100M php-fpm max children: 5 Webapps: custom php-based sites, magento & drupal slow query timeout is set to 1 second Steps I completed towards diagnosis: Cannot restart container yet - I will try later tonight when our domestic traffic has dropped Enabled mysql and php-fpm slowlog. Found functions that did DB queries in php-fpm slowlog were taking over 1s to complete at times Found some simple queries in mysql slowlog taking well over 1s to complete that should take less than 1s. Most interesting - execution time seems to spike at times. A query will take .2s a couple times, then one time it will take 8s to run the same query. These results were verified by running raw SQL queries through mysql command line. Top does not reveal anything too interesting Only resource related thing i can see is load averages much higher than normal Up until today, mysql has been fine, there have been no major changes to the db since yesterday. Sometimes things are so bad, I am seeing bad gateway errors after 60s of execution time. Innodb is doing on average 300-1400 reads/sec. Mysql is doing 3-10 queries/sec slow query count in 2 hours uptime is 171 (with slow timeout at 1 second) Tried restarting mysql, nginx, php-fpm multiple times For example: UPDATE `catalogsearch_query` SET `query_text` = 'EW 90', `num_results` = '7532', `popularity` = '99180', `redirect` = NULL, `synonym_for` = NULL, `store_id` = '1', `display_in_terms` = '1', `is_active` = '1', `is_processed` = '1', `updated_at` = '2012-05-08 21:38:31' WHERE (query_id='31'); This query took 17sec to complete one time, rest of the time around .079 sec. But varies, sometimes 1sec, sometimes .004 sec. This is running the same query, over and over with a couple seconds time in between each. Most tables are innodb, and sometimes I noticed the lock time taking 90% of the query execution time, but most of the time lock time is insignificant. Any idea what's going on here?

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• how to sum the amount of cells with the same number in a column - Microsoft Excel 2010

  - by jerlebrink

  My english isn't that good, I hope you understand what I wan't to accomplish I have a column (A) with different zip codes ( total of 3583 rows). I need a formula/function to go through each cell and the come up with sum of how many instances (column B) there are of the same zip code (column C).There are probably more than hundred different zip codes so I can't do it manually. Thanks in advance.

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• I/O intensive MySql server on Amazon AWS

  - by rhossi

  We recently moved from a traditional Data Center to cloud computing on AWS. We are developing a product in partnership with another company, and we need to create a database server for the product we'll release. I have been using Amazon Web Services for the past 3 years, but this is the first time I received a spec with this very specific hardware configuration. I know there are trade-offs and that real hardware will always be faster than virtual machines, and knowing that fact forehand, what would you recommend? 1) Amazon EC2? 2) Amazon RDS? 3) Something else? 4) Forget it baby, stick to the real hardware Here is the hardware requirements This server will be focused on I/O and MySQL for the statistics, memory size and disk space for the images hosting. Server 1 I/O The very main part on this server will be I/O processing, FusionIO cards have proven themselves extremely efficient, this is currently the best you can have in this domain. o Fusion ioDrive2 MLC 365GB (http://www.fusionio.com/load/-media-/1m66wu/docsLibrary/FIO_ioDrive2_Datasheet.pdf) CPU MySQL will use less CPU cores than Apache but it will use them very hard, the E7 family has 30M Cache L3 wichi provide boost performance : o 1x Intel E7-2870 will be ok. Storage SAS will be good enough in terms of performance, especially considering the space required. o RAID 10 of 4 x SAS 10k or 15k for a total available space of 512 GB. Memory o 64 GB minimum is required on this server considering the size of the statistics database. Warning: the statistics database will grow quickly, if possible consider starting with 128 GB directly, it will help. This server will be focused on I/O and MySQL for the statistics, memory size and disk space for the images hosting. Server 2 I/O The very main part on this server will be I/O processing, FusionIO cards have proven themselves extremely efficient, this is currently the best you can have in this domain. o Fusion ioDrive2 MLC 365GB (http://www.fusionio.com/load/-media-/1m66wu/docsLibrary/FIO_ioDrive2_Datasheet.pdf) CPU MySQL will use less CPU cores than Apache but it will use them very hard, the E7 family has 30M Cache L3 wichi provide boost performance : o 1x Intel E7-2870 will be ok. Storage SAS will be good enough in terms of performance, especially considering the space required. o RAID 10 of 4 x SAS 10k or 15k for a total available space of 512 GB. Memory o 64 GB minimum is required on this server considering the size of the statistics database. Warning: the statistics database will grow quickly, if possible consider starting with 128 GB directly, it will help. Thanks in advance. Best,

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• Any way to get the size of all the files in the recycle bin in Windows 7?

  - by Kris Erickson

  Any way to get the total size of files in the Recycle Bin in windows 7 without having to Select All and hit Properties or More Details? This was available in the Status bar in XP, is there any add-in or something that can give a brief summary of the Recycle bin in Windows 7?

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• Linux buffer cache effect on IO writes?

  - by Patrick LeBoutillier

  Hi, I'm copying large files (3 x 30G) between 2 filesystems on a Linux server (kernel 2.6.37, 16 cores, 32G RAM) and I'm getting poor performance. I suspect that the usage of the buffer cache is killing the I/O performance. To try and narrow down the problem I used fio directly on the SAS disk to monitor the performance. Here is the output of 2 fio runs (the first with direct=1, the second one direct=0): Config: [test] rw=write blocksize=32k size=20G filename=/dev/sda # direct=1 Run 1: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/205M /s] [0/6K iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4667 write: io=20,480MB, bw=199MB/s, iops=6,381, runt=102698msec clat (usec): min=104, max=13,388, avg=152.06, stdev=72.43 bw (KB/s) : min=192448, max=213824, per=100.01%, avg=204232.82, stdev=4084.67 cpu : usr=3.37%, sys=16.55%, ctx=655410, majf=0, minf=29 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 250=99.50%, 500=0.45%, 750=0.01%, 1000=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.02%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=199MB/s, minb=204MB/s, maxb=204MB/s, mint=102698msec, maxt=102698msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=0/655238, merge=0/0, ticks=0/79552, in_queue=78640, util=76.55% Run 2: test: (g=0): rw=write, bs=32K-32K/32K-32K, ioengine=sync, iodepth=1 Starting 1 process Jobs: 1 (f=1): [W] [100.0% done] [0K/0K /s] [0/0 iops] [eta 00m:00s] test: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=4733 write: io=20,480MB, bw=91,265KB/s, iops=2,852, runt=229786msec clat (usec): min=16, max=127K, avg=349.53, stdev=4694.98 bw (KB/s) : min=56013, max=1390016, per=101.47%, avg=92607.31, stdev=167453.17 cpu : usr=0.41%, sys=6.93%, ctx=21128, majf=0, minf=33 IO depths : 1=100.0%, 2=0.0%, 4=0.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, >=64=0.0% submit : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% complete : 0=0.0%, 4=100.0%, 8=0.0%, 16=0.0%, 32=0.0%, 64=0.0%, >=64=0.0% issued r/w: total=0/655360, short=0/0 lat (usec): 20=5.53%, 50=93.89%, 100=0.02%, 250=0.01%, 500=0.01% lat (msec): 2=0.01%, 4=0.01%, 10=0.01%, 20=0.01%, 50=0.12% lat (msec): 100=0.38%, 250=0.04% Run status group 0 (all jobs): WRITE: io=20,480MB, aggrb=91,265KB/s, minb=93,455KB/s, maxb=93,455KB/s, mint=229786msec, maxt=229786msec Disk stats (read/write): sda: ios=8/79811, merge=7/7721388, ticks=9/32418456, in_queue=32471983, util=98.98% I'm not knowledgeable enough with fio to interpret the results, but I don't expect the overall performance using the buffer cache to be 50% less than with O_DIRECT. Can someone help me interpret the fio output? Are there any kernel tunings that could fix/minimize the problem? Thanks a lot,

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• Turn off email notification from abrt (Automatic Bug Reporting Tool)

  - by Banjer

  I'm configuring CentOS 6.2 and have seen a few "[abrt] full crash report" emails. I understand that abrt is useful for creating crash dumps and what not, so I don't want to disable the service, I just would like to stop getting the crash report emails. I probably have to add something to the config file in /etc/abrt/abrt.conf. I can't seem to find anything in my searches. Any idea? Thanks. Edit: Here is my abrt.conf, which is rather simple. [root@myhost~]# cat /etc/abrt/abrt.conf # Enable this if you want abrtd to auto-unpack crashdump tarballs which appear # in this directory (for example, uploaded via ftp, scp etc). # Note: you must ensure that whatever directory you specify here exists # and is writable for abrtd. abrtd will not create it automatically. # #WatchCrashdumpArchiveDir = /var/spool/abrt-upload # Max size for crash storage [MiB] or 0 for unlimited # MaxCrashReportsSize = 1000 # Specify where you want to store coredumps and all files which are needed for # reporting. (default:/var/spool/abrt) # #DumpLocation = /var/spool/abrt And a listing of /etc/abrt: [root@myhost~]# ls -la /etc/abrt total 32 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 13 06:14 . drwxr-xr-x. 97 root root 12288 Apr 13 03:50 .. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 527 Dec 13 22:50 abrt-action-save-package-data.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 572 Dec 13 22:50 abrt.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 175 Dec 13 22:50 gpg_keys drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 06:13 plugins [root@myhost~]# ls -la /etc/abrt/plugins/ total 12 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Apr 13 06:13 . drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 13 06:14 .. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 278 Dec 13 22:50 CCpp.conf Actually all of those conf files above are only a few lines and do not mention anything about mail, email, or notifications.

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• Video Resources to learn Ubuntu

  - by Samy

  I'm starting to learn how to run a server and decided to learn Ubuntu as I was told it's the most newbie friendly. Can the more experienced folks here suggest some good video resources to learn Ubuntu that helped you when you were starting out? I'm a total newbie to server management and only have software experience. Thanks

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• Is RAID 5 or SnapRAID the better alternative for a media server raid system?

  - by rubo77

  I am using a raid 5 system for my ubuntu 12.04 xmbc media server with 5 disks. Since the data isn't changing a lot and a total loss wouldn't be so bad, cause I have another backup anyway I am thinking about using SnapRAID It sais: SnapRAID is mainly targeted for a home media center, where you have a lot of big files that rarely change The main advantage for me would be power-saving, cause not all disks have to run all the time. Would you recomment using this? (with a regular resync script once a day)

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• What is the standard system architecture for MongoDB

  - by learner

  I know this question is too vague, so I would like to add some key numbers to give insights about what the scenario is Each Document size - 360KB Total Documents - 1.5 million Document created/day - 2k read intensive - YES Availability requirement - HIGH With these requirements in mind, here is what I believe should be the architecture, but not too sure, please share your experiences and point me to right directions 2 Linux Box(Ubuntu 11 would do)(on a different rack setup for availability) 64-bit Mongo Database 1-master(for read/wr1te) and 1-slave(read-only with replication ON) Sharding not needed at this point in time Thank you in advance

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• How Do I Know the Memory Used by Apps

  - by user176890

  Is it possible to know the memory used by any apps running on my linux server? I'm using the following command to know how much memory used by php-fpm. ps -ylC php5-fpm --sort:rss | awk '!/RSS/ { s+=$8 } END { printf "%s\n", "Total memory used by PHP-FPM child processes: "; printf "%dM\n", s/1024 }' Given the command above, I want to know the memory used by all apps with an example output below: PHP-FPM: 2.3gb MySQL: 5gb nginx: 200mb dovecot: 100mb memcached: 573mb

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• MySQL Extremely High Disk Activity (Read Operations)

  - by Jake Schoermer

  I have 1GB Linode VPS with a standard LAMP stack. Apache is tuned fine but for some reason MySQL's disk usage is high. This is causing really slow site load times. RAM and CPU usage are fine. Can anyone give me any pointers on tuning mysql's disk performance? I'm using InnoDB. iotop output is below. Total DISK READ: 38.50 M/s | Total DISK WRITE: 27.20 K/s TID PRIO USER DISK READ> DISK WRITE SWAPIN IO COMMAND 9808 be/4 mysql 22.40 M/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 63.75 % mysqld 10045 be/4 mysql 2.06 M/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 26.65 % mysqld 9987 be/4 mysql 1694.38 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 18.33 % mysqld 10015 be/4 mysql 1554.47 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 12.71 % mysqld 10019 be/4 mysql 1461.21 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.58 % mysqld 9839 be/4 mysql 1383.48 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 25.69 % mysqld 10031 be/4 mysql 1243.58 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.68 % mysqld 10023 be/4 mysql 1057.04 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 2.02 % mysqld 10020 be/4 mysql 1025.95 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 7.05 % mysqld 10001 be/4 mysql 808.33 K/s 683.97 K/s 0.00 % 1.16 % mysqld 10025 be/4 mysql 746.15 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 3.28 % mysqld 10043 be/4 mysql 715.06 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.48 % mysqld 10044 be/4 mysql 672.31 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.25 % mysqld 10034 be/4 mysql 668.42 K/s 1989.73 K/s 0.00 % 5.31 % mysqld 9985 be/4 mysql 450.80 K/s 124.36 K/s 0.00 % 8.83 % mysqld 9989 be/4 mysql 357.53 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 5.21 % mysqld 10033 be/4 mysql 186.54 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 1.59 % mysqld 10021 be/4 mysql 155.45 K/s 435.25 K/s 0.00 % 1.23 % mysqld 10007 be/4 mysql 124.36 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.53 % mysqld 9763 be/4 www-data 38.86 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 4.56 % apache2 -k start 10027 be/4 mysql 31.09 K/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 4.24 % mysqld 1 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % init 2 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kthreadd] 3 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [ksoftirqd/0] 4 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/0:0] 5 be/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [kworker/u:0] 6 rt/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [migration/0] 7 rt/4 root 0.00 B/s 0.00 B/s 0.00 % 0.00 % [migration/1]

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• Microsoft Remote Desktop Bandwidth Usage

  - by Salman A

  I am wondering how much bandwidth in terms of bytes sent/received is consumed by a typical remote desktop session. I need to know this because our ISP enforces a cap on monthly bandwidth usage (i.e. the total amount data in GB that can sent or received in a month). So just wondering like how much KBs or MBs are transferred per hour in an average RDP session.

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• How many domains can you configure on a Sun M5000 system?

  - by Andre Miller

  We have a few Sun M5000 servers with the following configuration: Each system has 2 system boards each containing 2 x 2.5Ghz quad core processors Each system board has 16GB of RAM Each system has 4 x 300GB disks I would like to know how many hardware domains can I configure per system? Do I need one system board per domain (implying a total of 2 domains), or can I create 4 domains, each with one cpu each?

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• Exchange 2007 Standard Edition

  - by Phrontiste

  We Have : Exchange 2007 Standard Edition IBM System X3650 2 x Intel Xeon 5430 2.66 GHz Version 8.1 Build 240.6 Mailbox, Hub Transport, Client Access Role Installed on One Box Total Number of Mailboxes : 110 - 130 6 Physical Disks Disk 0,1 (68 GB) = Raid-1, OS Partition ( C: Partition) Disk 2,3 (279GB) = Raid-1, Exchange Database (First and Second Storage Groups) ( D: Partition ) Disk 4,5 (68 GB) = Raid-1, Exchange Transaction Logs ( E: Partition ) Setup: Storage Groups : D:\First Storage group\Mailbox database.edb Storage Groups : D:\Second Storage Group\Public Folder Database.edb Transaction Logs : E Partition Problem 1: On our D Partition (Mailbox Database Partition), total size is 279 GB, free space remaining is 64.7 GB, when I select the first storage group and second storage group folders and right click properties they report a size of 165 GB. Mailbox database reports a size of 157GB when right clicked Properties. where as the size displayed in the folder is 164,893,456 KB So, we are missing around 50-54 GB, there is nothing else on these drives, no page file, nothing at all. The partition housing the Transaction logs is reporting the sizes accurately. Any suggestions / fixes on the above ? Problem 2: As you may have already read in Problem 1, the size of the mailbox database is 157GB or 164GB reported; which is not recommended, a) What would you suggest we should do to divide mailboxes in storage groups on this same server ? b) How would we move mailboxes into different storage groups ? c) This is the information store size ? (Am I right in thinking that this is not recommended) d) Having multiple storage groups with one Mailbox DB in each, would that reduce the size of the Information Store? e) Any suggestions / how-to reduce the size of information store ? We didn't install this, we have inherited this - what other recommendations you can make in order to keep ourselves better prepared for any server disaster? We are backing up with Yosemite Backup on RD1000 (320GB) at the moment, which is backing up successfully, flushing the logs daily. We haven't done a test restore YET. I have tried to provide as much info as possible, please let me know if you need further info. Also, we haven't yet faced any problems in mailflow, access speeds, everything is working fine, we have two to five people accessing OWA or Outlook via vpn only. Thanks for your time to read the above - will look forward to your expert suggestions.

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• Does it make sense to install an SSD into a 3rd generation MacBook?

  - by Ivan Krechetov

  I've heard that, to really benefit from a solid-state drive, one needs a motherboard fast enough. Do you think it's worth to install an SSD into this laptop? Model Name: MacBook Model Identifier: MacBook3,1 Processor Name: Intel Core 2 Duo Processor Speed: 2.2 GHz Number Of Processors: 1 Total Number Of Cores: 2 L2 Cache: 4 MB Memory: 4 GB Bus Speed: 800 MHz Boot ROM Version: MB31.008E.B02

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• Power and Cooling Cost compared with Server/Hardware Cost

  - by psaccounts

  Has anyone done, or is aware of any, calculations to compare the cost of power and cooling compared to the cost of hardware (servers) in a typical data center? This is to compute a true total cost of ownership of self-hosting servers. Of course real TCO includes: hardware_cost + power + cooling + rental + human_cost + maintenance Is there any study that says something like (TCO - hardware_cost) = 40% of hardware_cost in 3 years? Any pointers will be appreciated.

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