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  • Croissance de 544 % pour l'Android Market sur 2010 et percée de l'iPhone en entreprise confirmée, d'après Distimo

    Croissance de 544 % pour l'Android Market Et percée de l'iPhone confirmée en entreprise sur 2010, d'après Distimo Distimo, spécialiste hollandais de l'analyse des « AppStore », vient de publier son rapport annuel sur les galeries d'applications des OS mobiles. On y apprend, sans surprise, qu'Apple et l'iPhone domine encore et toujours le marché, du haut de ses 300 000 applications. Mais l'Android Market connait, lui, une croissance nettement supérieure. En 2010 l'Apple App Store a connu une croissance de 111% de son nombre d'application, contre une progression de 544% pour la galerie d'Android (dont le catalogue compterait environ 130.000 applications, chiffre officieux).

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  • Microsoft conteste la marque déposée "App Store", et pense que tous les acteurs du secteur des applications devraient pouvoir l'utiliser

    Microsoft conteste l'appartenance de la marque "App Store", et pense que tous les acteurs du secteur des applications devraient pouvoir l'utiliser « Microsoft s'oppose à la requête d'Apple n°77/525433 pour l'App Store sur le motif que «App Store» est générique pour les services de magasin de détail avec des applications et non enregistrable pour les services auxiliaires tels que la recherche et le téléchargement d'applications de ces magasins ». Il semble bien qu'il va y avoir un grand procès de plus dans le monde de l'IT. En effet, Microsoft vient de lancer un recours auprès de l'US Patent Office pour contester la légitimité du brevet sur la marque "App Store", détenu par Apple. Redmond soutient ...

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  • Oracle s'associe à Nokia pour utiliser ses cartes dans ses applications d'entreprise, bonne nouvelle pour le Finlandais

    Oracle s'associe à Nokia pour utiliser ses cartes Dans ses applications d'entreprise, bonne nouvelle pour le Finlandais A mesure que la mobilité monte en puissance, les services de cartographie deviennent de plus en plus stratégique. En témoigne le récent abandon des Googles Maps par Apple dans iOS. Apple qui ne pouvait pas longtemps dépendre d'un concurrent dans ce domaine. Mais ce mouvement ne concerne pas que le grand public. Loin de là. Les CRM par exemple, sont de plus en plus portés sur tablette et les outils de BI prennent de plus en plus en compte des problématiques géospatiales (implantation de maga...

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  • getting a pyserial not loaded error

    - by skinnyTOD
    I'm getting a "pyserial not loaded" error with the python script fragment below (running OSX 10.7.4). I'm trying to run a python app called Myro for controlling the Parallax Scribbler2 robot - figured it would be a fun way to learn a bit of Python - but I'm not getting out of the gate here. I've searched out all the Myro help docs but like a lot in-progress open source programs, they are a moving target and conflicting, out of date, or not very specific about OSX. I have MacPorts installed and installed py27-serial without error. MacPorts lists the python versions I have installed, along with the active version: Available versions for python: none python24 python25 python25-apple python26 python26-apple python27 python27-apple (active) python32 Perhaps stuff is getting installed in the wrong places or my PATH is wrong (I don't much know what I am doing in Terminal and have probably screwed something up). Trying to find out about my sys.path - here's what I get: import sys sys.path ['', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python27.zip', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/PyObjC', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages'] Is that a mess? Can I fix it? Anyway, thanks for reading this far. Here's the python bit that is throwing the error. The error occurs on 'try import serial'. # Global variable robot, to set SerialPort() robot = None pythonVer = "?" rbString = None ptString = None statusText = None # Now, let's import things import urllib import tempfile import os, sys, time try: import serial except: print("WARNING: pyserial not loaded: can't upgrade!") sys.exit() try: input = raw_input # Python 2.x except: pass # Python 3 and better, input is defined try: from tkinter import * pythonver = "3" except: try: from Tkinter import * pythonver = "2" except: pythonver = "?"

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  • How do I fix libdispatch problem crashing Mac OS X apps?

    - by david-ocallaghan
    In the last day I have started having a lot of brokenness on my Mac (MacBook Air running Mac OS X 10.6.2 with all software updates). Most noticably, iTunes no longer syncs with my iPhone. It fails with a crash dialog reporting "AppleMobileDeviceHelper quit unexpectedly" and an error dialog "iTunes was unable to load dataclass information from SyncServices. Reconnect or try again later." I've attempted the fix at support.apple.com/kb/HT1747 but it failed. I've also been having problems (at first seemingly unrelated) with the horrible Cisco VPN client, which started giving me this error: Error 51: Unable to communicate with the VPN subsystem I followed the steps at www.anders.com/cms/192/CiscoVPN/Error.51:.Unable.to.communicate.with.the.VPN.subsystem which don't seem to work for me, although I can connect if I use the command line with sudo : sudo vpnclient connect MyProfile I had a look in the Console app at the diagnostic messages and I noticed a pattern, that a number of apps were reporting "BUG IN CLIENT OF LIBDISPATCH". The affected programs are: AppleMobileBackup AppleMobileDeviceHelper Safari Webpage Preview Fetcher cvpnd (the Cisco VPN daemon) Of these, only the last is non-Apple software! The common text in the diagnostic messages is: Exception Type: EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION (SIGILL) Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000001, 0x0000000000000000 Crashed Thread: 1 Dispatch queue: com.apple.libdispatch-manager Application Specific Information: BUG IN CLIENT OF LIBDISPATCH: Do not close random Unix descriptors I'm beginning to wonder if there's a permissions problem, or corruption of an important library, ... I should note that I've rebooted several times and verified the disk permissions and the disk. Any help would be great!

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  • HLS video segmenting complications. How to create a transport stream with ffmpeg

    - by Agzam
    I have h264 videos, and currently we're using Apple's HTTP Video Streaming tools and mediafilesegmenter to segment these files. What I need to do is to switch to alternative segmenter based on this very popular open-sourced segmenter The problem is that this segmenter does not just take any video, but takes only MPEG-TS videos. So I have to convert my h264 videos to TS first. I can do that with ffmpeg. I'm using this: ffmpeg -i encoded.mp4 -vcodec h264 -i encoded.mp4 -sameq -acodec aac -strict experimental -f mpegts output.ts But this creates fairly larger output. And the reason is that Apple's segmenter keeps the same codec - AVC and the same audio codec - AAC, whereas ffmpeg changes video format to MPEG Video. The question is: can I somehow keep the same AVC video codec and still convert video to a transport stream? So my goal is to keep the same video quality and same video codecs as Apple's medifilesegmenter does. UPD: Okay... it seems that ffmpeg CAN split videos into segments: ffmpeg -i encoded.mp4 -c copy -map 0 -vbsf h264_mp4toannexb -f segment -segment_time 10 -segment_list test.m3u8 -segment_format mpegts segment%d.ts That's still has one problem: it doesn't create http live streaming index file. (-segment_list creates a file with list of segments, but it doesn't look like HLS index). So, you still have to create index file

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  • How to add a Linux Partition on FreeBSD

    - by Ömer
    Today I installed FreeBSD 9.0 PPC on my Mac mini G4 with 40GB HDD. During installation, (using the FSBD utility 'gpart') I have allocated a total of about 23GB for FreeBSD leaving 17GB totally free (neither partitioned, nor formatted) for a later Linux installation. Now, when try to install Linux (Ubuntu 10.10 PPC) on the remaining 17GB, the Linux/Ubuntu installer (or Linux's Disk Utility for the same matter) wants presumably a linux partition and when I try to add a (Linux) partition on that area using Linux DU it fails with this message: Error creating partition: helper exited with exit code 1: In part_add_partition: device_file=/dev/hda, start=23363101696, size=16644660224, type= Entering MS-DOS parser (offset=0, size=40007761920) No MSDOS_MAGIC found Exiting MS-DOS parser Entering Apple parser Mac MAGIC found, block_size=512 map_count = 17 Leaving Apple parser Apple partition table detected containing partition table scheme = 2 got it Error: The partition's data region doesn't occupy the entire partition. ped_disk_new() failed Now, I'm trying to add a Linux partition on FreeBSD running on the harddisk. I use seemingly most suitable tool for this job: gpart. Here is the 'gpart show ad0' But it seems unable to add a Linux partition because "man gpart" doesn't list either "Linux Partition" nor anything like Ext2 or Ext3/Ext4. The closest thing to Linux Partition in gpart is "mbr" but it doesn't work: #gpart add -t mbr ado So, how to add properly a Linux Partition on FreeBSD? Thanks.

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  • MacPorts pHash not showing up in Python

    - by Nitzan Wilnai
    I am having a problem where python does not show pHash installed even though I installed it using macports. I made sure I am using the MacPorts version of Python by doing: sudo port select --set python python27 I then installed pHash by doing: sudo port install pHash. It installed without any errors. When I call help('modules'), I do not see pHash listed among the installed packages. Any ideas on why python is not seeing the pHash install by MacPorts? Calling port select --list python shows the following: Available versions for python: none python25-apple python26-apple python27 (active) python27-apple Printing out sys.path outputs the following: (reformatted to make it easier to read here) ['/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/boto-2.9.9-py2.7.egg', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/setuptools-0.9.8-py2.7.egg', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python27.zip', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages'] Can anyone help? Thanks.

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  • OS X 10.6 Apply ipfw rules at startup

    - by Michael Irey
    I have a couple of firewall rules I would to like to apply at startup. I have followed the instructions from http://images.apple.com/support/security/guides/docs/SnowLeopard_Security_Config_v10.6.pdf On page 192. However, the rules do not get applied at startup. I am running 10.6.8 NON Server Edition. I can however run: (Which applies the rules correctly) sudo ipfw /etc/ipfw.conf Which results in: 00100 fwd 127.0.0.1,8080 tcp from any to any dst-port 80 in 00200 fwd 127.0.0.1,8443 tcp from any to any dst-port 443 in 65535 allow ip from any to any Here is my /etc/ipfw.conf # To get real 80 and 443 while loading vagrant vbox add fwd localhost,8080 tcp from any to any 80 in add fwd localhost,8443 tcp from any to any 443 in Here is my /Library/LaunchDaemons/ipfw.plist <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd"> <plist version="1.0"> <dict> <key>Label</key> <string>ipfw</string> <key>Program</key> <string>/sbin/ipfw</string> <key>ProgramArguments</key> <array> <string>/sbin/ipfw</string> <string>/etc/ipfw.conf</string> </array> <key>RunAtLoad</key> <true /> </dict> </plist> The permissions of all the files seem to be appropriate: -rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 151 Oct 11 14:11 /etc/ipfw.conf -rw-rw-r-- 1 root wheel 438 Oct 11 14:09 /Library/LaunchDaemons/ipfw.plist Any thoughts or ideas on what could be wrong would be very helpful!

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  • Copying large files from USB devices to the internal hard drive fails on Mac OS

    - by John M. P. Knox
    I have a second-generation 13" MacBook Air running Mac OS X 10.6.6 with a 2.13 GHz processor, 4 GB of RAM, and a 256 GB SSD hard disk. I often get failures when I attempt to copy a large file or large collection of files from an external USB drive (typically a "Firewire" generation Drobo) to the internal drive. The failure behaves almost exactly as if I had pulled the USB cable from the computer in mid-transfer. I get a warning that I have removed the hard disk improperly. After this event, the drive no longer appears mounted in the finder, and I have to unplug and reinsert the USB cable to mount the drive again. I have also seen a similar problem when using Aperture 3 to import a large number of photos and videos from a USB Compact Flash card reader. The import will fail and I will have to unplug the Card Reader and import the missing items. Oddly, reversing the direction of the copy seems pretty reliable. I've never had a problem copying a large file to a USB device, meaning that I have quite a few large files which are stranded on my Drobo. Model Identifier: MacBookAir3,2 Boot ROM Version: MBA31.0061.B01 I have seen a similar issue reported on Apple's website: http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=2648590&tstart=0 The only suggested resolutions there seems to be switching to another form of connectivity (e.g. firewire, which does not exist on MacBook Air), or downgrading to Mac OS 10.6.4, or reverting the USB kernel extensions to the 10.6.4 versions: http://discussions.apple.com/message.jspa?messageID=12566073#12582956 I'm not too keen on the idea of downgrading kernel extensions. Does anyone know of a hardware revision without this issue that I can trade up to? Are there any other potential solutions out there?

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  • Installing Ruby 1.9.3 OSX 10.7.4 breaks after altering PATH

    - by R V
    I was having trouble installing ruby 1.9.3-p194 from ruby 1.8.7 on my mac osx 10.7.4. I have was trying to fix my homebrew after running "brew doctor" and got the message of "/usr/bin occurs before /usr/local/bin This means that system-provided programs will be used instead of those provided by Homebrew. The following tools exist at both paths: c++-4.2 cpp-4.2 erb g++-4.2 gcc-4.2 gcov-4.2 gem i686-apple-darwin11-cpp-4.2.1 i686-apple-darwin11-g++-4.2.1 i686-apple-darwin11-gcc-4.2.1 irb rake rdoc ri ruby testrb" I fixed it by entering the following, which I found on another stackoverflow answer: export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin$PATH" Lo and behold! when I typed that ruby updates to 1.9.3-p194. Ruby files seem to compile and run just fine. However, afterward, my navigation around terminal is messed up severely. For instance I can't do the command "open example_file.html" and have the file pop up in Chrome, instead I get the error: "-bash: open: command not found" Also, when I change directory, I get an error, inputting "$ cd desktop" yields the output, "-bash: dirname: command not found" but the directory does then changes... strange. When I exit out of a terminal window all this resets. I'm back to Ruby 1.8.7, have to use the PATH command again to update to 1.9.3, command line navigation gets broken again. Any guidance on how to remedy so I can use 1.9.3-p194 and also have normal terminal navigation would be greatly appreciated.

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  • 13" MacBook Pro with Win 7 and External VGA gets 640x480

    - by Jim McKeeth
    I have a brand new 13" MacBook Pro - 2.26 GHz and the NVIDIA 9400M Video card. I installed Windows 7 (final) in boot camp and booted up to Windows 7. Installed all the drivers from the Apple disk and it was working great. Then I attached the external VGA adapter (from apple) to connect to a projector and it dropped down at 640x480 resolution. No matter what I did it wouldn't let me change to a higher resolution if the external VGA was connected. Once it disconnects then it goes back to the normal resolution. If I am booted into Snow Leopard it works fine. I tried updating the NVIDIA drivers and it behaved exactly the same. Ultimately I want to get 1024x768 or better resolution when connected to an external display. If it isn't fixable then I am curious if anyone else has seen this, if it is a known issue, and who to contact for support (Apple, Microsoft or NVIDIA?) Update: Just attaching the Mini-DVI to VGA adapter kicks it into 640x480, no projector is required. I tried forcing the display driver from Generic PnP Monitor to one that supported 1024x768 and that didn't work either.

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  • Annoying trackpad freeze on MacBook [solved]

    - by Hafthor
    NOTE: Question marked answered because it was forced after being put up for bounty. Actual solution was to have Apple repair it. Trackpad usually works, but sometimes stops responding for around 5 seconds and then suddenly starts working again. Seems to happen when I switch between typing and moving + button-clicking and also when I do a lot of double-clicking. Tried turning off the "Ignore accidental trackpad input". Apple replaced the keyboard/mouse under warranty. Problem remains. Any ideas? Edit: White non-unibody Late-2008 13" MacBook - fully up-to-date OS. Doesn't seem to matter if it is plugged in or not. Edit: Updated to Snow Leopard - seems to have made it worse. Edit: Applying even a little pressure to the left palm rest creates this condition. Apple replaced the top case again and this time it seems to have fixed it. Although, it looks like they may have added a spacer on the left palm rest to "fix" it.

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  • ios7 loops on the "trust this computer" dialog

    - by gcb
    trying to transfer files to the work ipad via my debian7 box. When i plug it on the computer usb port, it shows the dialog about trusting this computer, and the computer shows a gnome alert about the ipad being locked and that i should unlock it and try again. i press "trust" on the ipad and try again on gnome. and it starts again. over and over. endlessly. there are dozen threads about this on apple support forums. no solution. just dozens of "me too" flags. e.g. https://discussions.apple.com/message/23082859#23082859 (44 me-too, 2k views) here is the log/messages i get Oct 23 21:17:39 dotmatrix kernel: [ 1928.517766] usb 2-1.7: USB disconnect, device number 16 Oct 23 21:17:39 dotmatrix kernel: [ 1928.715441] usb 2-1.7: new high-speed USB device number 17 using ehci_hcd Oct 23 21:17:40 dotmatrix kernel: [ 1928.811031] usb 2-1.7: New USB device found, idVendor=05ac, idProduct=12ab Oct 23 21:17:40 dotmatrix kernel: [ 1928.811036] usb 2-1.7: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 Oct 23 21:17:40 dotmatrix kernel: [ 1928.811039] usb 2-1.7: Product: iPad Oct 23 21:17:40 dotmatrix kernel: [ 1928.811041] usb 2-1.7: Manufacturer: Apple Inc. Oct 23 21:17:40 dotmatrix kernel: [ 1928.811043] usb 2-1.7: SerialNumber: fec5e0f6a6fa18a936de3c53af661051d290275e Oct 23 21:17:40 dotmatrix mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 17: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.7" Oct 23 21:17:40 dotmatrix mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 17 was not an MTP device Oct 23 21:17:43 dotmatrix kernel: [ 1932.346505] usb 2-1.7: USB disconnect, device number 17 If i never press the trust dialog it will stay there until i remove the cable. but the logs shows that it gave up 3sec after the cable was connected.

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  • Good visuals supporting adopting Macintosh in a Windows company

    - by jdmuys
    I work in a Windows only software service company, which just put up an internal contest for innovative ideas for the company. The idea I submitted is to let employees use a Mac instead of the mandatory PC if they wished to. My idea has been selected (among a few others) to reach the next stage of the contest. One of the items requested for the next stage is ONE visual that best illustrates the idea. While my pitch is rather good (I think), I have a hard time coming up with ONE visual that would be suggestive enough and not too fanboy-ish, or too restricted. That's why I am requesting suggestions. For reference, some of the points I intend to develop are (not in order): de facto safety (little or no malware) Apple as a company reached its leading position through innovation (bio)diversity is a source of value for a service company, that expands its reach. it makes financial sense the Mac is the most compatible machine, making it a lot easier to test our software (especially web sites). Some OS X technologies can be valuable to a software service company (eg Applescript) Some Apple tools can help us improve (eg Keynote) It's good citizenship for our company as Apple is now best in class according to Greenpeace. I realize this question may be out of topic here. I'd be happy to have suggestions on where to post this question. Please do not argue why OS X might be better or worse than Windows. My question is very narrow. Thanks.

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  • Adding gcc 4.9 as a compiler option in Xcode

    - by user2129150
    I asked this question on StackOverflow, but it's pretty much stagnant. Sorry if this is considered a repost/double-post. I just installed gcc 4.9 (with C11 support), and want to add it to Xcode 4.6.3's build options as a compiler option. I ran make and make install, and the packages are all there (under /usr/bin/gcc. Running gcc --version confirms that gcc 4.9 is installed rather than an older version. When I go into an existing Xcode project's build settings, the only compiler options available are Apple LLVM compiler 4.2 LLVM GCC 4.2 Other... Clearly, GCC 4.9 would have to be added using the "Other..." option, although I'm not sure how. I've tried inputting the path to gcc (/usr/bin/gcc), although the default value for other isn't a path at all: com.apple.compilers.llvmgcc42. I've also tried following the instructions from the answer to this question as well, but the machine I'm on doesn't have the /Developer directory at all, since I believe Apple integrated the developer tools that required (and created) this directory into Xcode. How do I add gcc 4.9 as a compiler option in Xcode?

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  • iMac 20inch (Mid 2007) SL DVD Boot Prohibitory Sign

    - by Caitlann Lloyd
    iMac 20inch (Mid 2007 Build) with Ubuntu 12.0.4 How I got in this situation I had a perfectly healthy Intel iMac running Snow Leopard several months ago. Then I got the dreaded spinning gear and several kernel panics. After getting a little frustrated (failing to find a solution online), I found an old macbook installation disk and used it to access Disk Utility. From here, I erased my entire hard drive leaving me with no OS. I then created a Ubuntu DVD and installed Ubuntu onto the system. Now, on Ubuntu, I wine installed Transmac and burned a Single layer copy (with languages, etc. removed to save space) of Snow Leopard onto a 4.7GB DVD. I tried to boot from it and was met with first the grey apple screen and a spinning cog before the grey apple shortly turned into the infamous prohibitory sign. Note: I met this problem previously when using Disk Utility to create a bootable USB of Snow Leopard, hence I severely doubt it has anything to do with the DVD created. Resources at my disposal 1 x iMac running Ubuntu 6 x 4.7GB DVDs 1 x USB Stick 12GB 1 x Windows 7 Laptop Resources I do not have Firewire cables Access to a prebuilt retail disk (Misplaced) Access to another Mac Apple Warranty I would be hugely grateful if someone was able to tell me how to install Snow Leopard again.

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  • Has anyone else experienced page fault crashes with Snow Leopard on MacBook Pro?

    - by BruceMartin
    I bought a Macbook Pro computer on Sept 3rd from MacMall. As I was using it to learn Snow Leopard (this is my first Mac, I am a long time Windows developer), it would crash every one or two hours. After calling Apple support, I dropped it off at the Apple store for diagnostic testing and repair. WhenI picked up the computer from Apple, they told me that it did not crash while they had it. They suspected a software problem, so they had done a fresh install of Snow Leopard for me. At home I went through the start up procedure with the newly installed Snow Leopard. Then I downloaded the iPhone SDK, and the computer crashed again while I was away waiting for the download to finish. I was using a USB mouse, which was the only device attached. No other software installed. I was presented with a dump that mentions terms like "panic", Kernel trap", and "page fault". Does anyone have any idea what this problem might be? I really can not use this MacBook under these circumstances.

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  • Outlook Signature Broken in Entourage

    - by Eric J.
    Some of our company uses Windows with Outlook 2010, and the rest use Mac with Entourage. When our standard signature line is included in an email that goes to Entourage, the result does not display correctly. It appears that Entourage is mangling the HTML. My working theory is that Entourage encounters inline CSS styles it does not know about and stops processing styles, but I'm really not sure. Question: How can I enter a signature into Outlook 2010 that will render correctly in Entourage? For example, can I specify somehow the exact HTML to use? Here's an example of how the HTML is being changed. Original on Outlook, as received by another Outlook client: <span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"; color:#1785C5'>My Company<br> </span></b><span class=apple-style-span><span style='font-size:9.0pt; font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif";color:#666666'>123 Main St.</span></span><span class=apple-style-span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"; color:#AFAFAF'>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=apple-style-span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif";color:#666666'>Suite 100</span></span> Note the use of spans, color #1785C5 and color #666666. Same original email, as displayed in an Entourage client: <span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Century Gothic","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br> <span style='color:#656565'>My Company<br> 123 Main St Suite 100<br> </span> Note the use of br tags rather than spans, and the color #656565.

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  • Creating Custom Ajax Control Toolkit Controls

    - by Stephen Walther
    The goal of this blog entry is to explain how you can extend the Ajax Control Toolkit with custom Ajax Control Toolkit controls. I describe how you can create the two halves of an Ajax Control Toolkit control: the server-side control extender and the client-side control behavior. Finally, I explain how you can use the new Ajax Control Toolkit control in a Web Forms page. At the end of this blog entry, there is a link to download a Visual Studio 2010 solution which contains the code for two Ajax Control Toolkit controls: SampleExtender and PopupHelpExtender. The SampleExtender contains the minimum skeleton for creating a new Ajax Control Toolkit control. You can use the SampleExtender as a starting point for your custom Ajax Control Toolkit controls. The PopupHelpExtender control is a super simple custom Ajax Control Toolkit control. This control extender displays a help message when you start typing into a TextBox control. The animated GIF below demonstrates what happens when you click into a TextBox which has been extended with the PopupHelp extender. Here’s a sample of a Web Forms page which uses the control: <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="ShowPopupHelp.aspx.cs" Inherits="MyACTControls.Web.Default" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html > <head runat="server"> <title>Show Popup Help</title> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <div> <act:ToolkitScriptManager ID="tsm" runat="server" /> <%-- Social Security Number --%> <asp:Label ID="lblSSN" Text="SSN:" AssociatedControlID="txtSSN" runat="server" /> <asp:TextBox ID="txtSSN" runat="server" /> <act:PopupHelpExtender id="ph1" TargetControlID="txtSSN" HelpText="Please enter your social security number." runat="server" /> <%-- Social Security Number --%> <asp:Label ID="lblPhone" Text="Phone Number:" AssociatedControlID="txtPhone" runat="server" /> <asp:TextBox ID="txtPhone" runat="server" /> <act:PopupHelpExtender id="ph2" TargetControlID="txtPhone" HelpText="Please enter your phone number." runat="server" /> </div> </form> </body> </html> In the page above, the PopupHelp extender is used to extend the functionality of the two TextBox controls. When focus is given to a TextBox control, the popup help message is displayed. An Ajax Control Toolkit control extender consists of two parts: a server-side control extender and a client-side behavior. For example, the PopupHelp extender consists of a server-side PopupHelpExtender control (PopupHelpExtender.cs) and a client-side PopupHelp behavior JavaScript script (PopupHelpBehavior.js). Over the course of this blog entry, I describe how you can create both the server-side extender and the client-side behavior. Writing the Server-Side Code Creating a Control Extender You create a control extender by creating a class that inherits from the abstract ExtenderControlBase class. For example, the PopupHelpExtender control is declared like this: public class PopupHelpExtender: ExtenderControlBase { } The ExtenderControlBase class is part of the Ajax Control Toolkit. This base class contains all of the common server properties and methods of every Ajax Control Toolkit extender control. The ExtenderControlBase class inherits from the ExtenderControl class. The ExtenderControl class is a standard class in the ASP.NET framework located in the System.Web.UI namespace. This class is responsible for generating a client-side behavior. The class generates a call to the Microsoft Ajax Library $create() method which looks like this: <script type="text/javascript"> $create(MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior, {"HelpText":"Please enter your social security number.","id":"ph1"}, null, null, $get("txtSSN")); }); </script> The JavaScript $create() method is part of the Microsoft Ajax Library. The reference for this method can be found here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb397487.aspx This method accepts the following parameters: type – The type of client behavior to create. The $create() method above creates a client PopupHelpBehavior. Properties – Enables you to pass initial values for the properties of the client behavior. For example, the initial value of the HelpText property. This is how server property values are passed to the client. Events – Enables you to pass client-side event handlers to the client behavior. References – Enables you to pass references to other client components. Element – The DOM element associated with the client behavior. This will be the DOM element associated with the control being extended such as the txtSSN TextBox. The $create() method is generated for you automatically. You just need to focus on writing the server-side control extender class. Specifying the Target Control All Ajax Control Toolkit extenders inherit a TargetControlID property from the ExtenderControlBase class. This property, the TargetControlID property, points at the control that the extender control extends. For example, the Ajax Control Toolkit TextBoxWatermark control extends a TextBox, the ConfirmButton control extends a Button, and the Calendar control extends a TextBox. You must indicate the type of control which your extender is extending. You indicate the type of control by adding a [TargetControlType] attribute to your control. For example, the PopupHelp extender is declared like this: [TargetControlType(typeof(TextBox))] public class PopupHelpExtender: ExtenderControlBase { } The PopupHelp extender can be used to extend a TextBox control. If you try to use the PopupHelp extender with another type of control then an exception is thrown. If you want to create an extender control which can be used with any type of ASP.NET control (Button, DataView, TextBox or whatever) then use the following attribute: [TargetControlType(typeof(Control))] Decorating Properties with Attributes If you decorate a server-side property with the [ExtenderControlProperty] attribute then the value of the property gets passed to the control’s client-side behavior. The value of the property gets passed to the client through the $create() method discussed above. The PopupHelp control contains the following HelpText property: [ExtenderControlProperty] [RequiredProperty] public string HelpText { get { return GetPropertyValue("HelpText", "Help Text"); } set { SetPropertyValue("HelpText", value); } } The HelpText property determines the help text which pops up when you start typing into a TextBox control. Because the HelpText property is decorated with the [ExtenderControlProperty] attribute, any value assigned to this property on the server is passed to the client automatically. For example, if you declare the PopupHelp extender in a Web Form page like this: <asp:TextBox ID="txtSSN" runat="server" /> <act:PopupHelpExtender id="ph1" TargetControlID="txtSSN" HelpText="Please enter your social security number." runat="server" />   Then the PopupHelpExtender renders the call to the the following Microsoft Ajax Library $create() method: $create(MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior, {"HelpText":"Please enter your social security number.","id":"ph1"}, null, null, $get("txtSSN")); You can see this call to the JavaScript $create() method by selecting View Source in your browser. This call to the $create() method calls a method named set_HelpText() automatically and passes the value “Please enter your social security number”. There are several attributes which you can use to decorate server-side properties including: ExtenderControlProperty – When a property is marked with this attribute, the value of the property is passed to the client automatically. ExtenderControlEvent – When a property is marked with this attribute, the property represents a client event handler. Required – When a value is not assigned to this property on the server, an error is displayed. DefaultValue – The default value of the property passed to the client. ClientPropertyName – The name of the corresponding property in the JavaScript behavior. For example, the server-side property is named ID (uppercase) and the client-side property is named id (lower-case). IDReferenceProperty – Applied to properties which refer to the IDs of other controls. URLProperty – Calls ResolveClientURL() to convert from a server-side URL to a URL which can be used on the client. ElementReference – Returns a reference to a DOM element by performing a client $get(). The WebResource, ClientResource, and the RequiredScript Attributes The PopupHelp extender uses three embedded resources named PopupHelpBehavior.js, PopupHelpBehavior.debug.js, and PopupHelpBehavior.css. The first two files are JavaScript files and the final file is a Cascading Style sheet file. These files are compiled as embedded resources. You don’t need to mark them as embedded resources in your Visual Studio solution because they get added to the assembly when the assembly is compiled by a build task. You can see that these files get embedded into the MyACTControls assembly by using Red Gate’s .NET Reflector tool: In order to use these files with the PopupHelp extender, you need to work with both the WebResource and the ClientScriptResource attributes. The PopupHelp extender includes the following three WebResource attributes. [assembly: WebResource("PopupHelp.PopupHelpBehavior.js", "text/javascript")] [assembly: WebResource("PopupHelp.PopupHelpBehavior.debug.js", "text/javascript")] [assembly: WebResource("PopupHelp.PopupHelpBehavior.css", "text/css", PerformSubstitution = true)] These WebResource attributes expose the embedded resource from the assembly so that they can be accessed by using the ScriptResource.axd or WebResource.axd handlers. The first parameter passed to the WebResource attribute is the name of the embedded resource and the second parameter is the content type of the embedded resource. The PopupHelp extender also includes the following ClientScriptResource and ClientCssResource attributes: [ClientScriptResource("MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior", "PopupHelp.PopupHelpBehavior.js")] [ClientCssResource("PopupHelp.PopupHelpBehavior.css")] Including these attributes causes the PopupHelp extender to request these resources when you add the PopupHelp extender to a page. If you open View Source in a browser which uses the PopupHelp extender then you will see the following link for the Cascading Style Sheet file: <link href="/WebResource.axd?d=0uONMsWXUuEDG-pbJHAC1kuKiIMteQFkYLmZdkgv7X54TObqYoqVzU4mxvaa4zpn5H9ch0RDwRYKwtO8zM5mKgO6C4WbrbkWWidKR07LD1d4n4i_uNB1mHEvXdZu2Ae5mDdVNDV53znnBojzCzwvSw2&amp;t=634417392021676003" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" /> You also will see the following script include for the JavaScript file: <script src="/ScriptResource.axd?d=pIS7xcGaqvNLFBvExMBQSp_0xR3mpDfS0QVmmyu1aqDUjF06TrW1jVDyXNDMtBHxpRggLYDvgFTWOsrszflZEDqAcQCg-hDXjun7ON0Ol7EXPQIdOe1GLMceIDv3OeX658-tTq2LGdwXhC1-dE7_6g2&amp;t=ffffffff88a33b59" type="text/javascript"></script> The JavaScrpt file returned by this request to ScriptResource.axd contains the combined scripts for any and all Ajax Control Toolkit controls in a page. By default, the Ajax Control Toolkit combines all of the JavaScript files required by a page into a single JavaScript file. Combining files in this way really speeds up how quickly all of the JavaScript files get delivered from the web server to the browser. So, by default, there will be only one ScriptResource.axd include for all of the JavaScript files required by a page. If you want to disable Script Combining, and create separate links, then disable Script Combining like this: <act:ToolkitScriptManager ID="tsm" runat="server" CombineScripts="false" /> There is one more important attribute used by Ajax Control Toolkit extenders. The PopupHelp behavior uses the following two RequirdScript attributes to load the JavaScript files which are required by the PopupHelp behavior: [RequiredScript(typeof(CommonToolkitScripts), 0)] [RequiredScript(typeof(PopupExtender), 1)] The first parameter of the RequiredScript attribute represents either the string name of a JavaScript file or the type of an Ajax Control Toolkit control. The second parameter represents the order in which the JavaScript files are loaded (This second parameter is needed because .NET attributes are intrinsically unordered). In this case, the RequiredScript attribute will load the JavaScript files associated with the CommonToolkitScripts type and the JavaScript files associated with the PopupExtender in that order. The PopupHelp behavior depends on these JavaScript files. Writing the Client-Side Code The PopupHelp extender uses a client-side behavior written with the Microsoft Ajax Library. Here is the complete code for the client-side behavior: (function () { // The unique name of the script registered with the // client script loader var scriptName = "PopupHelpBehavior"; function execute() { Type.registerNamespace('MyACTControls'); MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior = function (element) { /// <summary> /// A behavior which displays popup help for a textbox /// </summmary> /// <param name="element" type="Sys.UI.DomElement">The element to attach to</param> MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior.initializeBase(this, [element]); this._textbox = Sys.Extended.UI.TextBoxWrapper.get_Wrapper(element); this._cssClass = "ajax__popupHelp"; this._popupBehavior = null; this._popupPosition = Sys.Extended.UI.PositioningMode.BottomLeft; this._popupDiv = null; this._helpText = "Help Text"; this._element$delegates = { focus: Function.createDelegate(this, this._element_onfocus), blur: Function.createDelegate(this, this._element_onblur) }; } MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior.prototype = { initialize: function () { MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior.callBaseMethod(this, 'initialize'); // Add event handlers for focus and blur var element = this.get_element(); $addHandlers(element, this._element$delegates); }, _ensurePopup: function () { if (!this._popupDiv) { var element = this.get_element(); var id = this.get_id(); this._popupDiv = $common.createElementFromTemplate({ nodeName: "div", properties: { id: id + "_popupDiv" }, cssClasses: ["ajax__popupHelp"] }, element.parentNode); this._popupBehavior = new $create(Sys.Extended.UI.PopupBehavior, { parentElement: element }, {}, {}, this._popupDiv); this._popupBehavior.set_positioningMode(this._popupPosition); } }, get_HelpText: function () { return this._helpText; }, set_HelpText: function (value) { if (this._HelpText != value) { this._helpText = value; this._ensurePopup(); this._popupDiv.innerHTML = value; this.raisePropertyChanged("Text") } }, _element_onfocus: function (e) { this.show(); }, _element_onblur: function (e) { this.hide(); }, show: function () { this._popupBehavior.show(); }, hide: function () { if (this._popupBehavior) { this._popupBehavior.hide(); } }, dispose: function() { var element = this.get_element(); $clearHandlers(element); if (this._popupBehavior) { this._popupBehavior.dispose(); this._popupBehavior = null; } } }; MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior.registerClass('MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior', Sys.Extended.UI.BehaviorBase); Sys.registerComponent(MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior, { name: "popupHelp" }); } // execute if (window.Sys && Sys.loader) { Sys.loader.registerScript(scriptName, ["ExtendedBase", "ExtendedCommon"], execute); } else { execute(); } })();   In the following sections, we’ll discuss how this client-side behavior works. Wrapping the Behavior for the Script Loader The behavior is wrapped with the following script: (function () { // The unique name of the script registered with the // client script loader var scriptName = "PopupHelpBehavior"; function execute() { // Behavior Content } // execute if (window.Sys && Sys.loader) { Sys.loader.registerScript(scriptName, ["ExtendedBase", "ExtendedCommon"], execute); } else { execute(); } })(); This code is required by the Microsoft Ajax Library Script Loader. You need this code if you plan to use a behavior directly from client-side code and you want to use the Script Loader. If you plan to only use your code in the context of the Ajax Control Toolkit then you can leave out this code. Registering a JavaScript Namespace The PopupHelp behavior is declared within a namespace named MyACTControls. In the code above, this namespace is created with the following registerNamespace() method: Type.registerNamespace('MyACTControls'); JavaScript does not have any built-in way of creating namespaces to prevent naming conflicts. The Microsoft Ajax Library extends JavaScript with support for namespaces. You can learn more about the registerNamespace() method here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb397723.aspx Creating the Behavior The actual Popup behavior is created with the following code. MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior = function (element) { /// <summary> /// A behavior which displays popup help for a textbox /// </summmary> /// <param name="element" type="Sys.UI.DomElement">The element to attach to</param> MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior.initializeBase(this, [element]); this._textbox = Sys.Extended.UI.TextBoxWrapper.get_Wrapper(element); this._cssClass = "ajax__popupHelp"; this._popupBehavior = null; this._popupPosition = Sys.Extended.UI.PositioningMode.BottomLeft; this._popupDiv = null; this._helpText = "Help Text"; this._element$delegates = { focus: Function.createDelegate(this, this._element_onfocus), blur: Function.createDelegate(this, this._element_onblur) }; } MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior.prototype = { initialize: function () { MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior.callBaseMethod(this, 'initialize'); // Add event handlers for focus and blur var element = this.get_element(); $addHandlers(element, this._element$delegates); }, _ensurePopup: function () { if (!this._popupDiv) { var element = this.get_element(); var id = this.get_id(); this._popupDiv = $common.createElementFromTemplate({ nodeName: "div", properties: { id: id + "_popupDiv" }, cssClasses: ["ajax__popupHelp"] }, element.parentNode); this._popupBehavior = new $create(Sys.Extended.UI.PopupBehavior, { parentElement: element }, {}, {}, this._popupDiv); this._popupBehavior.set_positioningMode(this._popupPosition); } }, get_HelpText: function () { return this._helpText; }, set_HelpText: function (value) { if (this._HelpText != value) { this._helpText = value; this._ensurePopup(); this._popupDiv.innerHTML = value; this.raisePropertyChanged("Text") } }, _element_onfocus: function (e) { this.show(); }, _element_onblur: function (e) { this.hide(); }, show: function () { this._popupBehavior.show(); }, hide: function () { if (this._popupBehavior) { this._popupBehavior.hide(); } }, dispose: function() { var element = this.get_element(); $clearHandlers(element); if (this._popupBehavior) { this._popupBehavior.dispose(); this._popupBehavior = null; } } }; The code above has two parts. The first part of the code is used to define the constructor function for the PopupHelp behavior. This is a factory method which returns an instance of a PopupHelp behavior: MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior = function (element) { } The second part of the code modified the prototype for the PopupHelp behavior: MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior.prototype = { } Any code which is particular to a single instance of the PopupHelp behavior should be placed in the constructor function. For example, the default value of the _helpText field is assigned in the constructor function: this._helpText = "Help Text"; Any code which is shared among all instances of the PopupHelp behavior should be added to the PopupHelp behavior’s prototype. For example, the public HelpText property is added to the prototype: get_HelpText: function () { return this._helpText; }, set_HelpText: function (value) { if (this._HelpText != value) { this._helpText = value; this._ensurePopup(); this._popupDiv.innerHTML = value; this.raisePropertyChanged("Text") } }, Registering a JavaScript Class After you create the PopupHelp behavior, you must register the behavior as a class by using the Microsoft Ajax registerClass() method like this: MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior.registerClass('MyACTControls.PopupHelpBehavior', Sys.Extended.UI.BehaviorBase); This call to registerClass() registers PopupHelp behavior as a class which derives from the base Sys.Extended.UI.BehaviorBase class. Like the ExtenderControlBase class on the server side, the BehaviorBase class on the client side contains method used by every behavior. The documentation for the BehaviorBase class can be found here: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb311020.aspx The most important methods and properties of the BehaviorBase class are the following: dispose() – Use this method to clean up all resources used by your behavior. In the case of the PopupHelp behavior, the dispose() method is used to remote the event handlers created by the behavior and disposed the Popup behavior. get_element() -- Use this property to get the DOM element associated with the behavior. In other words, the DOM element which the behavior extends. get_id() – Use this property to the ID of the current behavior. initialize() – Use this method to initialize the behavior. This method is called after all of the properties are set by the $create() method. Creating Debug and Release Scripts You might have noticed that the PopupHelp behavior uses two scripts named PopupHelpBehavior.js and PopupHelpBehavior.debug.js. However, you never create these two scripts. Instead, you only create a single script named PopupHelpBehavior.pre.js. The pre in PopupHelpBehavior.pre.js stands for preprocessor. When you build the Ajax Control Toolkit (or the sample Visual Studio Solution at the end of this blog entry), a build task named JSBuild generates the PopupHelpBehavior.js release script and PopupHelpBehavior.debug.js debug script automatically. The JSBuild preprocessor supports the following directives: #IF #ELSE #ENDIF #INCLUDE #LOCALIZE #DEFINE #UNDEFINE The preprocessor directives are used to mark code which should only appear in the debug version of the script. The directives are used extensively in the Microsoft Ajax Library. For example, the Microsoft Ajax Library Array.contains() method is created like this: $type.contains = function Array$contains(array, item) { //#if DEBUG var e = Function._validateParams(arguments, [ {name: "array", type: Array, elementMayBeNull: true}, {name: "item", mayBeNull: true} ]); if (e) throw e; //#endif return (indexOf(array, item) >= 0); } Notice that you add each of the preprocessor directives inside a JavaScript comment. The comment prevents Visual Studio from getting confused with its Intellisense. The release version, but not the debug version, of the PopupHelpBehavior script is also minified automatically by the Microsoft Ajax Minifier. The minifier is invoked by a build step in the project file. Conclusion The goal of this blog entry was to explain how you can create custom AJAX Control Toolkit controls. In the first part of this blog entry, you learned how to create the server-side portion of an Ajax Control Toolkit control. You learned how to derive a new control from the ExtenderControlBase class and decorate its properties with the necessary attributes. Next, in the second part of this blog entry, you learned how to create the client-side portion of an Ajax Control Toolkit control by creating a client-side behavior with JavaScript. You learned how to use the methods of the Microsoft Ajax Library to extend your client behavior from the BehaviorBase class. Download the Custom ACT Starter Solution

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  • MDM 2010 Summit in San Francisco

    - by Tony Ouk
    Since 2006, the MDM Global Summit Series has brought master data expertise to more than 5,000 delegates worldwide. The Series is designed to reinforce the importance of data governance as a key factor to your MDM program's success while providing real-world experience and all-in-one access to solutions providers. Come join us June 2-3, 2010 at the Hyatt Regency in San Francisco.  For more information including registration details, visit the MDM Global Summit Series website.

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  • Passing text message to web page from web user control

    - by Narendra Tiwari
    Here is a brief summary how we can send a text message to webpage by a web user control. Delegates is the slolution. There are many good articles on .net delegates you can refer some of them below. The scenario is we want to send a text message to the page on completion of some activity on webcontrol. 1/ Create a Base class for webcontrol (refer code below), assuming we are passing some text messages to page from web user control  - Declare a delegate  - Declare an event of type delegate using System; using System.Data; using System.Configuration; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts; using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls; //Declaring delegate with message parameter public delegate void SendMessageToThePageHandler(string messageToThePage); public         } class ControlBase: System.Web.UI.UserControl { public ControlBase() { // TODO: Add constructor logic here }protected override void OnInit(EventArgs e) { base.OnInit(e); }private string strMessageToPass;/// <summary> /// MessageToPass - Property to pass text message to page /// </summary> public string MessageToPass { get { return strMessageToPass; } set { strMessageToPass = value; } }/// <summary> /// SendMessageToPage - Called from control to invoke the event /// </summary> /// <param name="strMessage">Message to pass</param> public void SendMessageToPage(string strMessage) {   if (this.sendMessageToThePage != null)       this.sendMessageToThePage(strMessage); } 2/ Register events on webpage on page Load eventthis.AddControlEventHandler((ControlBase)WebUserControl1); this.AddControlEventHandler((ControlBase)WebUserControl2); /// <summary> /// AddControlEventHandler- Hooking web user control event /// </summary> /// <param name="ctrl"></param> private void AddControlEventHandler(ControlBase ctrl) { ctrl.sendMessageToThePage += delegate(string strMessage) {   //display message   lblMessage.Text = strMessage; }; } References: http://www.akadia.com/services/dotnet_delegates_and_events.html     3/

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  • Lambda&rsquo;s for .NET made easy&hellip;

    - by mbcrump
    The purpose of my blog is to explain things for a beginner to intermediate c# programmer. I’ve seen several blog post that use lambda expressions always assuming the audience is familiar with them. The purpose of this post is to make them simple and easily understood. Let’s begin with a definition. A lambda expression is an anonymous function that can contain expressions and statements, and can be used to create delegates or expression tree types. So anonymous function… delegates or expression tree types? I don’t get it??? Confused yet?   Lets break this into a few definitions and jump right into the code. anonymous function – is an "inline" statement or expression that can be used wherever a delegate type is expected. delegate - is a type that references a method. Once a delegate is assigned a method, it behaves exactly like that method. The delegate method can be used like any other method, with parameters and a return value. Expression trees - represent code in a tree-like data structure, where each node is an expression, for example, a method call or a binary operation such as x < y.   Don’t worry if this still sounds confusing, lets jump right into the code with a simple 3 line program. We are going to use a Function Delegate (all you need to remember is that this delegate returns a value.) Lambda expressions are used most commonly with the Func and Action delegates, so you will see an example of both of these. Lambda Expression 3 lines. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             Func<int, int> myfunc = x => x *x;             Console.WriteLine(myfunc(6).ToString());             Console.ReadLine();         }       } } Is equivalent to Old way of doing it. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {               Console.WriteLine(myFunc(6).ToString());             Console.ReadLine();         }            static int myFunc(int x)          {              return x * x;            }       } } In the example, there is a single parameter, x, and the expression is x*x. I’m going to stop here to make sure you are still with me. A lambda expression is an unnamed method written in place of a delegate instance. In other words, the compiler converts the lambda expression to either a : A delegate instance An expression tree All lambda have the following form: (parameters) => expression or statement block Now look back to the ones we have created. It should start to sink in. Don’t get stuck on the => form, use it as an identifier of a lambda. A Lamba expression can also be written in the following form: Lambda Expression. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             Func<int, int> myFunc = x =>             {                 return x * x;             };               Console.WriteLine(myFunc(6).ToString());             Console.ReadLine();         }       } } This form may be easier to read but consumes more space. Lets try an Action delegate – this delegate does not return a value. Action Delegate example. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             Action<string> myAction = (string x) => { Console.WriteLine(x); };             myAction("michael has made this so easy");                                   Console.ReadLine();         }       } } Lambdas can also capture outer variables (such as the example below) A lambda expression can reference the local variables and parameters of the method in which it’s defined. Outer variables referenced by a lambda expression are called captured variables. Capturing Outer Variables using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             string mike = "Michael";             Action<string> myAction = (string x) => {                 Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}", mike, x);          };             myAction(" has made this so easy");                                   Console.ReadLine();         }       } } Lamba’s can also with a strongly typed list to loop through a collection.   Used w a strongly typed list. using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text;   namespace ConsoleApplication7 {     class Program     {          static void Main(string[] args)         {             List<string> list = new List<string>() { "1", "2", "3", "4" };             list.ForEach(s => Console.WriteLine(s));             Console.ReadLine();         }       } } Outputs: 1 2 3 4 I think this will get you started with Lambda’s, as always consult the MSDN documentation for more information. Still confused? Hopefully you are not.

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