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• how would you like computer science classes to be taught?

  - by aaa

  hello I am a graduate student now, and hopefully someday I will teach. my interests are C++, Python, embedded languages, and scientific computing. Meanwhile I daydream about how I would teach. I was not quite happy with my undergraduate university as I found many computer science classes lacking. so I would like to ask you, if you were a student, how would you like your computer science classes to be taught? I understand it is a very subjective question, but nevertheless I think it's important to know what people want. Some specific points I am interested in: should computer languages be taught explicitly, or should students be required to pick up language on their own? what is better for learning, tests, projects, some sort of take-home exam? how do you think classtime should be used? theory, introduction, explanations, etc.? do you think the group projects are important? how much about computer architecture do you want to learn in computer science class, not necessarily assembler class. should particular operating system/editor be mandated or encouraged? Thanks thank you for your comments. Question has been closed because it is a discussion question rather than Q&A. If you know appropriate website for discussions of such sort with low noise ratio, please let me know.

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• Unit tests - The benefit from unit tests with contract changes?

  - by Stefan Hendriks

  Recently I had an interesting discussion with a colleague about unit tests. We where discussing when maintaining unit tests became less productive, when your contracts change. Perhaps anyone can enlight me how to approach this problem. Let me elaborate: So lets say there is a class which does some nifty calculations. The contract says that it should calculate a number, or it returns -1 when it fails for some reason. I have contract tests who test that. And in all my other tests I stub this nifty calculator thingy. So now I change the contract, whenever it cannot calculate it will throw a CannotCalculateException. My contract tests will fail, and I will fix them accordingly. But, all my mocked/stubbed objects will still use the old contract rules. These tests will succeed, while they should not! The question that rises, is that with this faith in unit testing, how much faith can be placed in such changes... The unit tests succeed, but bugs will occur when testing the application. The tests using this calculator will need to be fixed, which costs time and may even be stubbed/mocked a lot of times... How do you think about this case? I never thought about it thourougly. In my opinion, these changes to unit tests would be acceptable. If I do not use unit tests, I would also see such bugs arise within test phase (by testers). Yet I am not confident enough to point out what will cost more time (or less). Any thoughts?

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• URL naming conventions

  - by LookitsPuck

  So, this may be a can of worms. But I'm curious what your practices are? For example, let's say your website consists of the following needs (very basic): A landing page An information page for an event (static) A listing of places for that event (dynamic) An information page for each place With that said, how would you design your URLs? Typically, I'd do something like the following: www.domain.com/ - landing page [also accessible via www.domain.com/home] www.domain.com/event - event information page www.domain.com/places - listing of all places www.domain.com/places/{id} - place information page Now, here's a question. Just grammatically speaking, I have a hangup of referring to a given place in a url as being plural. Shouldn't it make more sense to go with this: www.domain.com/place/{id} as opposed to www.domain.com/places/{id} In some frameworks, you have a convention to follow (for example, ASP.NET MVC) by default. Yes, you can define custom routes to have /place/{id} route to the PlacesController. However, I'm just trying to keep this a bit abstract in discussion. With that being said, let's see for instance on another page of your site, you have a link, that when clicked, would open a modal popup populated with place information. Where you place that information? We could go with something like this: www.domain.com/ajax/places/{id} OR www.domain.com/places/{id} and serve based on the request header (that is, if requesting JSON, return JSON?}. Finally, for SEO reasons, typically I use a slug associated with a given resource. So, something like such: www.domain.com/ajax/places/{id}/london Where london is only there to add decoration to the link for SEO reasons. Is this sound? I ask all of these questions, because these are practices that I've been using for awhile, and I'd just like to see what other developers are doing or if I'm approaching things incorrectly. Thanks!

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• mysql and trigger usage question

  - by dhruvbird

  I have a situation in which I don't want inserts to take place (the transaction should rollback) if a certain condition is met. I could write this logic in the application code, but say for some reason, it has to be written in MySQL itself (say clients written in different languages will be inserting into this MySQL InnoDB table) [that's a separate discussion]. Table definition: CREATE TABLE table1(x int NOT NULL); The trigger looks something like this: CREATE TRIGGER t1 BEFORE INSERT ON table1 FOR EACH ROW IF (condition) THEN NEW.x = NULL; END IF; END; I am guessing it could also be written as(untested): CREATE TRIGGER t1 BEFORE INSERT ON table1 FOR EACH ROW IF (condition) THEN ROLLBACK; END IF; END; But, this doesn't work: CREATE TRIGGER t1 BEFORE INSERT ON table1 ROLLBACK; You are guaranteed that: Your DB will always be MySQL Table type will always be InnoDB That NOT NULL column will always stay the way it is Question: Do you see anything objectionable in the 1st method?

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• backbone js or knockout js as a web framework with jquery mobile

  - by Dan

  without trying to cause a mass discussion I would like some advice from the fellow users of stack overflow. I am about to start building a mobile website that gets it data from JSON that comes from a PHP rest api. I have looked into different mobile frameworks and feel that JQM will work best for us as we have the knowledge of jQuery even though a little large. Currently at work however we are using jQuery for all our sites and realise that now we are building a mobile website I need to think about javascript frameworks to move us onto a more MV* approach, which I understand the benefits of and will bring much needed structure to this mobile site and future web applications we may bring. I have made a comparision table where I have managed to bring the selection down to 2 - backbone and knockout. I have been looking around the web and it seems that there is more support for backbone in general and maybe even more support for backbone with JQM. http://jquerymobile.com/test/docs/pages/backbone-require.html One thing I have noticed however is that backbone doesnt support view bindings (declarative approach) whereas knockout does - is this a massive bonus? one of the main reasons for using a mv* for us is to get more structure - so I would like to use the library that will intergrate best with jQuery and especially jQuery mobile. neither of them seem to have that similar syntax... Thanks

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• What features do you miss most when switching from IntelliJ to XCode ?

  - by Ori

  Hi, I've started to use XCode several months ago, after using IntelliJ for several years, and there are quite a few features that I really miss. XCode is not that bad, but it is lacking some basic stuff. To trigger the discussion, here are some of the features that I miss most, who knows maybe someone from Apple will bump into this post and steal some Ideas :) Source-level error-highlighting. The write-compile-fix cycle feels like going back in time 15 years ago to my early C days. Many errors can be spotted without having to compile and Java IDEs have been doing it for years. A decent debugger. This is a bit unfair because IntelliJ's debugger is the best I've used so far, but XCode's debugger is at least 5 years behind and Apple has a few more developers than JetBrains... Stronger re-factoring. A no-brainer I guess. XCode has some renaming capabilities (which they call re-factoring), but they are very few. Override method. This one is really amazing. XCode doesn't have an "override method" command which lets you choose the method you want to override from a super class or protocol. You need to go to the documentation or header file and start copy-pasting. Duplicate selected line(s). I've bumped into some posts that offer workarounds for this via custom key-binding, but none of them works, at least for me. Go to last edit point. Bummer! Come on Apple, this one is so easy to implement and so useful! A better open quickly feature. IntelliJ's quick find of classes/files/text is so much better... Turns out that my list goes on and on, so I'll stop here... What other features do you miss most in your transition to XCode?? Ori

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• Is extending a base class with non-virtual destructor dangerous in C++

  - by Akusete

  Take the following code class A { }; class B : public A { }; class C : public A { int x; }; int main (int argc, char** argv) { A* b = new B(); A* c = new C(); //in both cases, only ~A() is called, not ~B() or ~C() delete b; //is this ok? delete c; //does this line leak memory? return 0; } when calling delete on a class with a non-virtual destructor with member functions (like class C), can the memory allocator tell what the proper size of the object is? If not, is memory leaked? Secondly, if the class has no member functions, and no explicit destructor behaviour (like class B), is everything ok? I ask this because I wanted to create a class to extend std::string, (which I know is not recommended, but for the sake of the discussion just bear with it), and overload the +=,+ operator. -Weffc++ gives me a warning because std::string has a non virtual destructor, but does it matter if the sub-class has no members and does not need to do anything in its destructor? -- FYI the += overload was to do proper file path formatting, so the path class could be used like class path : public std::string { //... overload, +=, + //... add last_path_component, remove_path_component, ext, etc... }; path foo = "/some/file/path"; foo = foo + "filename.txt"; //and so on... I just wanted to make sure someone doing this path* foo = new path(); std::string* bar = foo; delete bar; would not cause any problems with memory allocation

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• Wordpress Event list

  - by kwek-kwek

  Hi I have followed a tutorial to create and event list in wordpress using post and Custom Fields view demo here is my code: <?php // Get today's date in the right format $todaysDate = date('M d'); ?> <?php query_posts('showposts=5&category_name=events&meta_key=Date&meta_compare=>=&meta_value='.$todaysDate.'&orderby=meta_value=order=ASC'); ?> <ul> <?php if (have_posts()) : while (have_posts()) : the_post(); $eventMeta = get_post_meta($post->ID, 'Date', true); $eventDate = strtotime($eventMeta); $displayDate = date ('M d', $eventDate);?> <li> <span class="date"><?php echo $displayDate ; ?></span> <span><a href="<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></span> </li> <?php endwhile; else: ?> <li>Sorry, no upcoming events!</li> <?php endif; ?> </ul> <?php wp_reset_query(); ?> Now my problem is that it doesn't show any events for the future events e.g. (June, July etc. ...). On one of the the discussion there someone had said about putting "In your query_posts, just use the parameter ‘post_status=future’ ". Can you please let me know exactly where? I have added it but nothing happened.

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• Javascript library: to obfuscate or not to obfuscate - that is the question

  - by morpheous

  I need to write a GUI related javascript library. It will give my website a bit of an edge (in terms of functionality I can offer) - up until my competitors play with it long enough to figure out how to write it by themselves. I can accept the fact that it will be emulated over time - thats par for the course (its part of business). However, what I cannot bear, is the idea of effectively, simply handing over all the hard work that would have gone into the library to my competitors, by using plain javascript that anyone can download and use. It is an established fact that no none in the industry I am "attacking" has this functionality, so the value of such a library is undeniable and is not up for discussion (i.e. thats not what I'm asking here). What I am seeking to find out are the pros and cons of obfuscating a javascript library, so that I can come to a final decision. Two of my biggest concerns are debugging, and subtle errors that may be introduced by the obfuscator. I would like to know: How can I manage those risks (being able to debug faulty code, ensuring/minimizing against obfuscation errors) Are there any good quality industry standard obfuscators you can recommend (preferably something you use yourself). What are your experiences of using obfuscated code in a production environment?

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• gcc, strict-aliasing, and horror stories

  - by Joseph Quinsey

  In http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2906365/gcc-strict-aliasing-and-casting-through-a-union I asked whether anyone had encountered problems with union punning through pointers. So far, the answer seems to be No. This question is broader: do you have any horror stories about gcc and strict-aliasing? Background: Quoting from AndreyT's answer in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2771023/c99-strict-aliasing-rules-in-c-gcc/2771041#2771041: "Strict aliasing rules are rooted in parts of the standard that were present in C and C++ since the beginning of [standardized] times. The clause that prohibits accessing object of one type through a lvalue of another type is present in C89/90 (6.3) as well as in C++98 (3.10/15). ... It is just that not all compilers wanted (or dared) to enforce it or rely on it." Well, gcc is now daring to do so, with its -fstrict-aliasing switch. And this has caused some problems. See, for example, the excellent article http://davmac.wordpress.com/2009/10/ about a Mysql bug, and the equally excellent discussion in http://cellperformance.beyond3d.com/articles/2006/06/understanding-strict-aliasing.html. Some other less-relevant links: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1225741/performance-impact-of-fno-strict-aliasing http://stackoverflow.com/questions/754929/strict-aliasing http://stackoverflow.com/questions/262379/when-is-char-safe-for-strict-pointer-aliasing http://stackoverflow.com/questions/725138/how-to-detect-strict-aliasing-at-compile-time So to repeat, do you have a horror story of your own? Problems not indicated by -Wstrict-aliasing would, of course, be preferred. And other C compilers are also welcome.

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• Content Management Systems for Adaptive Content [closed]

  - by andrewap

  Content management systems (CMS) allow us to easily maintain blogs, news sites, general websites, and so on. Many of them are designed to manage pages of content, and provide tools to organize and customize how that content is displayed on the web. However, as explained by Mark Boulton in his Adaptive Content Management article, and by Karen McGrane in her talk on Adapting Ourselves to Adaptive Content, we are increasingly delivering content not just to the web, but also to other platforms and channels. We need tools to manage pieces of content with meaningful metadata attached. Create once, publish everywhere. The main idea is to store content cleanly, without intertwining it with presentation markup specific to the web. Because pieces of content is compartmentalized semantically, it can easily adapt to fit in different platforms and channels. Hence, it's called adaptive content. Let's look at a quick example to compare: Say I manage news articles and events. To create a news article, I would tell the CMS the type of content I'm creating, and be asked to fill in a form with individual fields tailored to news articles (e.g. headline, subtitle, full text, short snippet, and images). — i.e. pieces of content With a traditional web publishing tool, I would probably have had to create a new page under News, and then type in and format the news article in a blank WYSIWYG text editor. — i.e. pages of content As you can see, the first design allows me to individually specify content in its smallest semantic unit. When I want to display or consume it, the system can easily provide the pieces I need. So here's my question: Is there a CMS that is designed specifically with adaptive content in mind, and that is decoupled with the presentation layer? Note: This is not a discussion about the best CMS, or which CMS I should use. I am asking whether a very specific type of tool — CMS designed for adaptive content — exists for developers to use.

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• Modularizing web applications

  - by Matt

  Hey all, I was wondering how big companies tend to modularize components on their page. Facebook is a good example: There's a team working on Search that has its own CSS, javascript, html, etc.. There's a team working on the news feed that has its own CSS, javascript, html, etc... ... And the list goes on They cannot all be aware of what everyone is naming their div tags and whatnot, so what's the controller(?) doing to hook all these components in on the final page?? Note: This doesn't just apply to facebook - any company that has separate teams working on separate components has some logic that helps them out. EDIT: Thanks all for the responses, unfortunately I still haven't really found what I'm looking for - when you check out the source code (granted its minified), the divs have UIDs, my guess is that there is a compilation process that runs through and makes each of the components unique, renaming divs and css rules.. any ideas? EDIT 2: Thanks all for contributing your thoughts - the bounty went to the highest upvoted answer. The question was designed to be vague- I think it led to a really interesting discussion. As I improve my build process, I will contribute my own thoughts and experiences. Thanks all! Matt Mueller

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• Building a ctypes-"based" C library with distutils

  - by Robie Basak

  Following this recommendation, I have written a native C extension library to optimise part of a Python module via ctypes. I chose ctypes over writing a CPython-native library because it was quicker and easier (just a few functions with all tight loops inside). I've now hit a snag. If I want my work to be easily installable using distutils using python setup.py install, then distutils needs to be able to build my shared library and install it (presumably into /usr/lib/myproject). However, this not a Python extension module, and so as far as I can tell, distutils cannot do this. I've found a few references to people other people with this problem: Someone on numpy-discussion with a hack back in 2006. Somebody asking on distutils-sig and not getting an answer. Somebody asking on the main python list and being pointed to the innards of an existing project. I am aware that I can do something native and not use distutils for the shared library, or indeed use my distribution's packaging system. My concern is that this will limit usability as not everyone will be able to install it easily. So my question is: what is the current best way of distributing a shared library with distutils that will be used by ctypes but otherwise is OS-native and not a Python extension module? Feel free to answer with one of the hacks linked to above if you can expand on it and justify why that is the best way. If there is nothing better, at least all the information will be in one place.

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• Connect to a remote Oracle 11g server using OracleClient of .NET 2.0

  - by Raghu M

  I have to connect to a Oracle server on the network using a .NET / C# (Winform) application. I am trying to use System.Data.OracleClient but in vain. Here are the details I can possibly think of (that might help someone reading this question): Platform: Visual Studio 2005 / .NET 2.0 with C# on Windows Vista Home Premium Library: System.Data.OracleClient Server: Oracle 11g (located on the same LAN) Please note that I don't have Oracle installed locally and I have hunted every discussion forum possible for help - but most of them assume local Oracle installation! Here is my connection string: "User Id=TSUSER;Password=ts12TS;Data Source=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=MyServerIP)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=ORCL)));" And I get this error: OCIEnvCreate failed with return code -1 but error message text was not available. Stack trace: at System.Data.OracleClient.OciHandle..ctor(OciHandle parentHandle, HTYPE handleType, MODE ocimode, HANDLEFLAG handleflags) at System.Data.OracleClient.OracleInternalConnection.OpenOnLocalTransaction(String userName, String password, String serverName, Boolean integratedSecurity, Boolean unicode, Boolean omitOracleConnectionName) at System.Data.OracleClient.OracleInternalConnection..ctor(OracleConnectionString connectionOptions) at System.Data.OracleClient.OracleConnectionFactory.CreateConnection(DbConnectionOptions options, Object poolGroupProviderInfo, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnection owningObject) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.CreatePooledConnection(DbConnection owningConnection, DbConnectionPool pool, DbConnectionOptions options) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.CreateObject(DbConnection owningObject) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.UserCreateRequest(DbConnection owningObject) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionPool.GetConnection(DbConnection owningObject) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionFactory.GetConnection(DbConnection owningConnection) at System.Data.ProviderBase.DbConnectionClosed.OpenConnection(DbConnection outerConnection, DbConnectionFactory connectionFactory) at System.Data.OracleClient.OracleConnection.Open() at DGKit.Util.DataUtil.Generate() in D:\SVNRoot\sandbox\DGDev\Util\DataUtil.cs:line 68

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• Modelling deterministic and nondeterministic data separately

  - by Superstringcheese

  I'm working with the Microsoft ADO.NET Entity Framework for a game project. Following the advice of other posters on SO, I'm considering modelling deterministic and nondeterministic data separately. The idea for this came from a discussion on multiplayer games, but it seemed to make sense in a single-player scenario as well. Deterministic (things that aren't going to change during gameplay) Attributes (Strength, Agility, etc.) and their descriptions Skills and their descriptions and requirements Races, Factions, Equipment, etc. Base Attribute/Skill/Equipment loadouts for monsters Nondeterministic (things that will change a lot during gameplay) Beings' current AttributeModifers (Potion of Might = +10 Strength), current health and mana, etc. Player inventory, cash, experience, level Player quests states Player FactionRelationships ...and so on. My deterministic model would serve as a set of constants. My nondeterministic model would provide my on-the-fly operable data and would be serialized to a savegame file to maintain game state between play sessions. The data store will be an embedded SQL Compact database. So I might want to create relations between my Attributes table (deterministic model) and my BeingAttributeModifiers table (nondeterministic model), but how do I set that up across models? Det model/db Nondet model/db ____________ ________________________ |Attributes | |PlayerAttributeModifiers| |------------| |------------------------| |Id | |Id | |Name | |AttributeId | |Description | |SourceId | ------------ |Value | ------------------------ Should I use two separate models (edmx) that transact with a single database containing both deterministic-type and nondeterministic-type tables? Or should/can I use two separate databases in one model? Or two models each with their own database? With distinct models/dbs it seems like this will get really complicated and I'll end up fighting EF a lot, rolling my own transaction code, and generally losing out on a lot of the advantages of the framework. I know these are vague questions, I'm just looking for a sanity check before I forge ahead any further.

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• How do I set the Eclipse build path and class path from an Ant build file?

  - by Nels Beckman

  Hey folks, There's a lot of discussion about Ant and Eclipse, but no previously answered seems to help me. Here's the deal: I am trying to build a Java program that compiles successfully with Ant from the command-line. (To confuse matters further, the program I am attempting to compile is Ant itself.) What I really want to do is to bring this project into Eclipse and have it compile in Eclipse such that the type bindings and variable bindings (nomenclature from Eclipse JDT) are correctly resolved. I need this because I need to run a static analysis on the code that is built on top of Eclipse JDT. The normal way I bring a Java project into Eclipse so that Eclipse will build it and resolve all the bindings is to just import the source directories into a Java project, and then tell it to use the src/main/ directory as a "source directory." Unfortunately, doing that with Ant causes the build to fail with numerous compile errors. It seems to me that the Ant build file is setting up the class path and build path correctly (possibly by excluding certain source files) and Eclipse does not have this information. Is there any way to take the class path & build path information embedded in an Ant build file, and given that information to Eclipse to put in its .project and .classpath files? I've tried, creating a new project from an existing build file (an option in the File menu) but this does not help. The project still has the same compile errors. Thanks, Nels

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• What would be different in Java if Enum declaration didn't have the recursive part

  - by atamur

  Please see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/211143/java-enum-definition and http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3061759/why-in-java-enum-is-declared-as-enume-extends-enume for general discussion. Here I would like to learn what exactly would be broken (not typesafe anymore, or requiring additional casts etc) if Enum class was defined as public class Enum<E extends Enum> I'm using this code for testing my ideas: interface MyComparable<T> { int myCompare(T o); } class MyEnum<E extends MyEnum> implements MyComparable<E> { public int myCompare(E o) { return -1; } } class FirstEnum extends MyEnum<FirstEnum> {} class SecondEnum extends MyEnum<SecondEnum> {} With it I wasn't able to find any benefits in this exact case. PS. the fact that I'm not allowed to do class ThirdEnum extends MyEnum<SecondEnum> {} when MyEnum is defined with recursion is a) not relevant, because with real enums you are not allowed to do that just because you can't extend enum yourself b) not true - pls try it in a compiler and see that it in fact is able to compile w/o any errors PPS. I'm more and more inclined to believe that the correct answer here would be "nothing would change if you remove the recursive part" - but I just can't believe that.

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• Database schemas WAY out of sync - need to get up to date without losing data

  - by Zind

  The problem: we have one application that has a portion which is used by a very small subset of the total users, and that part of the application is running off of a separate database as well. In a perfect world, the schemas of the two databases would be synced up, but such is not the case. Some migrations have been run on the smaller database, most haven't; and furthermore, there is nothing such as revision number to be able to easily identify which have and which haven't. We would like to solve this quandary for future projects. During a discussion we've come up with the following possible plan of action, and I am wondering if anyone knows of any project which has already solved this problem: What we would like to do is create an empty database from the schema of the large fully-migrated database, and then move all of the data from the smaller non-migrated database into that empty one. If it makes things easier, it can probably be assumed for the sake of this problem specifically that no migrations have ever removed anything, only added. Else, if there are other known solutions, I'd like to hear them as well.

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• Cocoa document-based app: Notification not always received by observer

  - by roysolay

  Hi, I hope somebody can help with my notification problem. I have a notification which looks to be set up correctly but it isn’t delivered as expected. I am developing a document based app. The delegate/ document class posts the notification when it reads from a saved file: [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] postNotificationName:notifyBsplinePolyOpened object:self]; Logging tells me that this line is reached whenever I open a saved document. In the DrawView class, I have observers for the windowOpen notification and the bsplinePoly file open notification: [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(mainWindowOpen:) name:NSWindowDidBecomeMainNotification object:nil]; [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(savedBspline:) name:notifyBsplinePolyOpened object:nil]; - (void) mainWindowOpen:(NSNotification*) note { NSLog(@"Window opened"); _mainWindow = [note object]; } - (void) savedBspline:(NSNotification*) note { NSLog(@"savedBspline called"); NSLog(@"note is %@", [note name]); } The behavior is odd. When I save and close the main window and reopen it, I get the “Window opened” message but not the “savedBspline called” message. If I leave a main window open and open a previously saved session, I get the “Window opened” message and the “savedBspline called” message. I have searched online discussion and Apple DevCenter documentation but I have not seen this problem.

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• Pairs from single list

  - by Apalala

  Often enough, I've found the need to process a list by pairs. I was wondering which would be the pythonic and efficient way to do it, and found this on Google: pairs = zip(t[::2], t[1::2]) I thought that was pythonic enough, but after a recent discussion involving idioms versus efficiency, I decided to do some tests: import time from itertools import islice, izip def pairs_1(t): return zip(t[::2], t[1::2]) def pairs_2(t): return izip(t[::2], t[1::2]) def pairs_3(t): return izip(islice(t,None,None,2), islice(t,1,None,2)) A = range(10000) B = xrange(len(A)) def pairs_4(t): # ignore value of t! t = B return izip(islice(t,None,None,2), islice(t,1,None,2)) for f in pairs_1, pairs_2, pairs_3, pairs_4: # time the pairing s = time.time() for i in range(1000): p = f(A) t1 = time.time() - s # time using the pairs s = time.time() for i in range(1000): p = f(A) for a, b in p: pass t2 = time.time() - s print t1, t2, t2-t1 These were the results on my computer: 1.48668909073 2.63187503815 1.14518594742 0.105381965637 1.35109519958 1.24571323395 0.00257992744446 1.46182489395 1.45924496651 0.00251388549805 1.70076990128 1.69825601578 If I'm interpreting them correctly, that should mean that the implementation of lists, list indexing, and list slicing in Python is very efficient. It's a result both comforting and unexpected. Is there another, "better" way of traversing a list in pairs? Note that if the list has an odd number of elements then the last one will not be in any of the pairs. Which would be the right way to ensure that all elements are included? I added these two suggestions from the answers to the tests: def pairwise(t): it = iter(t) return izip(it, it) def chunkwise(t, size=2): it = iter(t) return izip(*[it]*size) These are the results: 0.00159502029419 1.25745987892 1.25586485863 0.00222492218018 1.23795199394 1.23572707176 Results so far Most pythonic and very efficient: pairs = izip(t[::2], t[1::2]) Most efficient and very pythonic: pairs = izip(*[iter(t)]*2) It took me a moment to grok that the first answer uses two iterators while the second uses a single one. To deal with sequences with an odd number of elements, the suggestion has been to augment the original sequence adding one element (None) that gets paired with the previous last element, something that can be achieved with itertools.izip_longest().

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• Why can't decimal numbers be represented exactly in binary?

  - by Barry Brown

  There have been several questions posted to SO about floating-point representation. For example, the decimal number 0.1 doesn't have an exact binary representation, so it's dangerous to use the == operator to compare it to another floating-point number. I understand the principles behind floating-point representation. What I don't understand is why, from a mathematical perspective, are the numbers to the right of the decimal point any more "special" that the ones to the left? For example, the number 61.0 has an exact binary representation because the integral portion of any number is always exact. But the number 6.10 is not exact. All I did was move the decimal one place and suddenly I've gone from Exactopia to Inexactville. Mathematically, there should be no intrinsic difference between the two numbers -- they're just numbers. By contrast, if I move the decimal one place in the other direction to produce the number 610, I'm still in Exactopia. I can keep going in that direction (6100, 610000000, 610000000000000) and they're still exact, exact, exact. But as soon as the decimal crosses some threshold, the numbers are no longer exact. What's going on? Edit: to clarify, I want to stay away from discussion about industry-standard representations, such as IEEE, and stick with what I believe is the mathematically "pure" way. In base 10, the positional values are: ... 1000 100 10 1 1/10 1/100 ... In binary, they would be: ... 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 ... There are also no arbitrary limits placed on these numbers. The positions increase indefinitely to the left and to the right.

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• Jquery resizing image

  - by michele

  I'd like to start a discussion about the image resizing using jQuery. That's my contribution: But I think I'm far away from the solution. What about the cropping? Who can help me? $(document).ready(function() { $('.story-small img').each(function() { var maxWidth = 100; // Max width for the image var maxHeight = 100; // Max height for the image var ratio = 0; // Used for aspect ratio var width = $(this).width(); // Current image width var height = $(this).height(); // Current image height // Check if the current width is larger than the max if(width > maxWidth){ ratio = maxWidth / width; // get ratio for scaling image $(this).css("width", maxWidth); // Set new width $(this).css("height", height * ratio); // Scale height based on ratio height = height * ratio; // Reset height to match scaled image } // Check if current height is larger than max if(height > maxHeight){ ratio = maxHeight / height; // get ratio for scaling image $(this).css("height", maxHeight); // Set new height $(this).css("width", width * ratio); // Scale width based on ratio width = width * ratio; // Reset width to match scaled image } }); });

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• Where is rebol fill-pen documented (to get glow effect on a round rectangle) ?

  - by Rebol Tutorial

  There is some discussion here about fill-pen http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg02019.html But I can't see documentation about cubic, diamond, etc... effect for fill-pen in rebol's official doc ? I'm trying to draw some round rectangle with glowing effect but don't really understand the parameters I'm playing with so I can't get exactly what I'd like (I'd like the glow effect starting from the center not from the dark left top corner): view layout [ box 278x185 effect [ ; default box face size is 100x100 draw [ anti-alias on ; information for the next draw element (not required) line-width 2.5 ; number of pixels in width of the border pen black ; color of the edge of the next draw element ; fill pen is a little complex: ;fill-pen 10x10 0 90 0 1 1 0.0.0 255.0.0 255.0.255 fill-pen radial 20x20 5 55 5 5 10 0.0.0 55.0.5 55.0.5 ; the draw element box ; another box drawn as an effect 15 ; size of rounding in pixels 0x0 ; upper left corner 278x170 ; lower right corner ] ] ]

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• Android - Basic CRUD (REST/RPC client) to remote server

  - by bsreekanth

  There are lot of discussion about REST client implementation in android, based on the talk at GoogleIO 2010, by Virgil Dobjanschi. My requirement may not necessarily involved, as I have some freedom to choose the configuration. I only target tablets configuration changes can be prevented if no other easy way (fix at Landscape mode etc) I am trying to achieve. Basic CRUD operation to my server (JSON RPC/ REST). Basically mimic an ajax request from android app (no webview, need native app) Based on the above mentioned talk, and some reading I see these options. Implement any of the 3 mentioned in the Google IO talk Especially, the last pattern may be more suitable as I don't care much of caching. But not sure how "real time" is sync implementation. Use HTTP request in AsyncTask. Simplest, but need to avoid re-sending request during change in device configuration (orientation change etc). Even if I fix at one orientation, recreation of activity still happens. So need to handle it elegantly. Use service to handle http request. So far, it say use service for long ruiing request. Not sure whether it is a good approach for simple GET/POST/PUt requests. Please share your experience on what could be the best way.

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• Advice needed: cold backup for SQL Server 2008 Express?

  - by Mikey Cee

  What are my options for achieving a cold backup server for SQL Server Express instance running a single database? I have an SQL Server 2008 Express instance in production that currently represents a single point of failure for my application. I have a second physical box sitting at the installation that is currently doing nothing. I want to somehow replicate my database in near real time (a little bit of data loss is acceptable) to the second box. The database is very small and resources are utilized very lightly. In the case that the production server dies, I would manually reconfigure my application to point to the backup server instead. Although Express doesn't support log shipping, I am thinking that I could manually script a poor man's version of it, where I use batch files to take the logs and copy them across the network and apply them to the second server at 5 minute intervals. Does anyone have any advice on whether this is technically achievable, or if there is a better way to do what I am trying to do? Note that I want to avoid having to pay for the full version of SQL Server and configure mirroring as I think it is an overkill for this application. I understand that other DB platforms may present suitable options (eg. a MySQL Cluster), but for the purposes of this discussion, let's assume we have to stick to SQL Server.

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