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  • GPTsync mismatch problem

    - by user86762
    I have a hybrid disk. After trying to copy some files from another disk to this one, I lost my OSX and Ubuntu boot capability. Ran gptsync and got: Current GPT partition table: # Start LBA End LBA Type 1 34 1987 BIOS Boot Partition 2 1988 1029662719 Basic Data 3 1029662720 2108995583 Basic Data 4 2108995584 2109405183 EFI System (FAT) 5 2109405184 2517004287 Mac OS X HFS+ 6 2517266432 2667417599 Mac OS X HFS+ 7 2667417600 3900229631 Basic Data 8 3900230504 3907029118 Linux Swap Current MBR partition table: # A Start LBA End LBA Type 1 1 3907029167 ee EFI Protective Status: MBR table must be updated. Proposed new MBR partition table: # A Start LBA End LBA Type 1 1 33 ee EFI Protective 2 34 1987 da Non-FS data 3 1988 1029662719 83 Linux 4 * 1029662720 2108995583 07 NTFS/HPFS May I update the MBR as printed above? [y/N] Clearly the MBR table is damaged or mismatched. But it does not reflect the correct GPT table partitions at all. How do I get the MBR repaired to match the GPT table (up to the 4 part limit of course)? The question is simply - Do I blindly say Yes to gptsync's suggestion? It looks sort of ok but not exactly so...Advice please on interpreting the above output to get my disk usable would be greatly appreciated. Thank You!

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  • Local file system not properly unmounted during shutdown

    - by bernhard
    I have a file system with two HDDs and several partitions mounted separately locally. /root, /home, /usr, /var, /local/share , /home/bernhard/fotos/bilder, /backup are on separate partitions and are all ext3. During unmounting the message "unmounting local file system" does not appear any further and when booting all partitions but the root partition have to reload the journal, which indicates improper unmounting. The root partition and /usr are on sda, the others on sdb or further usb-mounted devices. the only partition unmounted w/o problem seems to be the root partition on sda4. I wonder whether the script to umount all devices has a "wait for success" loop or that the script itself got corrupted. However, yesterday I upgraded to 11.04 and the error persists. pmount does not look to be appropriate since the device are not hotplugged but simply mounted during system start. Obviously mounting /usr and afterwards /usr/local/share as well as /home and later /home/bernhard/fotos/bilder presents problems for umount; the devices may be busy und thus not properly unmounted. Does anybody have an idea for a script to organize unmounting in an ordered way? How to wait for unmounting of the secondary mount? Do you know as well where to place such a script that it will be used instead of the original umount command? Could be a general solution.

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  • Can no longer boot with rEFIt and Grub on early 2006 MacBook Pro

    - by Don Quixote
    I don't know what happened to cause this. I have Snow Leopard, Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal and Windows XP SP3 on my early 2006 MacBook Pro. It is a Core Duo unit, NOT Core 2 Duo, so it is 32-bit only - Model Identifier MacBookPro1,1. I use rEFIt 0.14 for my boot menu. For some reason neither XP nor Ubuntu would boot anymore. I'd just get a black screen with a rapidly flashing underscore in the top-left corner. Having both those OSes failing to boot suggested a problem with the boot loader in my MBR. The rEFIT partition tool verified that my MBR partitions were still synced with my GPT partitions, so I rewrote my MBR partition table with fdisk while booted from Parted Magic: # fdisk /dev/sda (fdisk warns about the disk having a GPT. I press on anyway.) p (Print the existing partition table to make sure it's OK.) w (Write the old partition table back to disk. This also writes a new MBR boot loader.) After this XP would boot but Ubuntu would not, with the same symptom. Now I used update-grub while chrooted into Ubuntu from Parted Magic: # mount /dev/sda3 /mnt # mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev # mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys # mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc # chroot /mnt Chroot issues some warnings about not being able to identify some group IDs. I don't know why that happens, or whether it is a problem. At this point while I am still booted off of Parted Magic's kernel, I am running from Natty's filesystem. # update-grub Update-grub detects each of my operating systems then claims to complete successfully, but still won't boot. I asked this same question over at rEFIt's Sourceforge support forum but there have been no replies yet. I also Googled quite a bit, and see many who have the same black screen problem, but none of their situations seem quite like mine. Thanks for any help you can give me. -- Don Quixote

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  • How is the Ubuntu installation supposed to work?

    - by Bob D
    I have given up on installing Ubuntu 12.04.01 for the sixth time. I finally got Windows XP to work again. So I blitzted the Ubuntu partition and the swap partition and was about to install the sixth try when it occurred to me that ought to ask how is is "supposed" to go. My installer will install Ubuntu on the Linus ext4 partition I created by hand in Windows on my C drive. But the installer keeps insisting on installing the OS on my D drive unless I intervene. So if I choose "do something else" it will accept installing Ubuntu on the C drive in the partition I previously created, but it insists on putting the "Device for boot loader installation" on the D drive. I can select a different drive at this point (where I could not with the "along side windows choice) but what drive to I choose??? It lists sda, sda1, sda5, sdb and sdb1. The five times before this all ended in disaster letting the installer choose. So I need human intervention. Where is the safe place to do this. The results from the previous attempts left me with only the Ubuntu that would boot, the boot to windows from the grub menu failed every time. Is there a better version of Ubuntu I can use? Is V12.04.01 messed up? My goal is still to use Wine on it to run PC programs. I would like to find a shell or skin or something that makes it seem like windows but have the security and power of Linux under the good. I have seen this type of system and it worked very well. I know I am getting long winded but I have been though at least four of the seven rings of hell already, so I want this install to be the last.

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  • Burg Custom Icons work only with specific themes

    - by el10780
    I have made a custom icon for burg loader for my Lenovo Recovery Partition.I have made 3 icons : large_qdrive.png (128 X 128 pixels) small_qdrive.png (24 X 24 pixels) grey_qdrive.png (128 x 128 pixels) The .png icons that I created I made them using gimp from a qdrive.ico file that I found in the Lenovo Recovery Partition. I transferred the icons to the /boot/burg/themes/icons folder and I added to the class list of the grey,large,small and the hover files the following lines : -qdrive { image = "$$/large_qdrive.png" } in the large file -qdrive { image = "$$/small_qdrive.png" } in the small file -qdrive { image = "$$/grey_qdrive.png" } in the grey file -qdrive { image = "$$/grey_qdrive.png:$$/large_qdrive.png" } in the hover file I ran sudo update-burg and after that I modified the following line in the burg.cfg file : menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)" --class windows --class os { to menuentry "Windows 7 (loader) (on /dev/sda2)" --class qdrive --class os { and I also tried to change the title for the Lenovo Recovery Partition,so I tried this as well: menuentry "Lenovo Recovery Partition (on /dev/sda2)" --class qdrive --class os { None of this tries enforced actually burg loader to use the custom icon that I made and I can't figure out why. I have to mention also that there are a few themes that I have installed in burg which actually are able to use the small_qdrive.png icon that I made,but all the others which use either the large_qdrive.png or the grey_qdrive.png weren't able to use the custom icons. I have double checked for typos in all the files that I have created or I modified,so I am pretty sure that I haven't misspelled anything. I have checked also the title of the custom icons that I made and neither of them have a typo. I have looked also if there are any other folder that the themes might use to retrieve the icons,but it seems that all of them except for **Fortune** theme,which I downloaded from OMG!UBUNTU,use the icons folder which is located in /boot/burg/themes/icons I tried to add the custom icons to the icons folder of the theme **Fortune**,but still nothing happened.

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  • Windows 8 BIOS - Boot Ubuntu from External HDD

    - by F3AR3DLEGEND
    My laptop came pre-loaded with Windows 8 64-bit (only storage device is a 128 GB SSD). Since it is my school laptop/I've heard creating a Linux partition alongside Windows 8 is not very wise I installed Ubuntu onto my external hard drive. I have a 500GB external HDD with the following partitions: Main Partition - NFTS - ~400 GB Extension Partition / - ext2 - ~25gb /home - ext2 - ~30gb swap - ext2 - 10gb /boot - ? - 10gb ? = not sure of partition Using the PenDriveLinux installer, I created a LiveUSB version of Ubuntu 12.04 (LTS) on a 4GB USB drive. Using that, I installed Ubuntu onto the external hard-drive, without any errors (or at least none that I was notified of). Using the BIOS settings, I changed the OS-loading order so that it is in this order: My External USB HDD Windows Boot Loader Some other things Therefore, Ubuntu should load from my hard drive first, but it doesn't. Also, my hard drive is in working condition, and it turns on when BIOS starts (there is a light indicator). When I start my laptop, it goes directly to Windows 8 (I have the fast startup setting disabled as well). So, is there any way for me to set it up so that when my HDD is connected, it will automatically load Ubuntu? Thanks in advance!

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  • Installing Ubuntu Server 12.04 as a software RAID 1 mirror fails to boot

    - by Jeff Atwood
    I'm installing a few new Ubuntu Server 12.04 LTS servers, and they have two 512 GB SSDs. I want them to use software RAID 1 mirroring, so I was following this document religiously step by step: https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/advanced-installation.html To summarize the above official documentation: to set up a software RAID 1 mirror in Ubuntu Server, you choose manual partitioning during the setup, and do this on each drive: "swap" partition of roughly RAM size "physical volume for RAID" partition for remaining drive size After that, you set up the RAID 1 mirror using the RAID partitions on drive A and B, make it ext4 and containing the root filesystem partition. Setup continues from there just fine. One caveat: I was completely unable to select the "physical volume for RAID" as bootable. When I tried to do that in setup, it had no effect: I could press enter on the "make bootable" option all day long and nothing would ever change. However, after install successfully completes, I have a big problem: the system won't boot! I get Reboot and Select proper boot device or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key What did I do wrong? Why can't I mark that "physical volume for RAID" partition bootable during Ubuntu Server setup? Is there some way for me to make the physical volumes for RAID bootable after the fact, perhaps from a live CD or something?

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  • Hibernation to a swap file 12.04, fragfile output

    - by MrHug10
    I've been trying for some time now, to get hibernation working in Ubuntu 12.04 on my Dell XPS17. I dualboot Windows 7 and Ubuntu, each having their own partition and one shared partition for all my data and documents. As I would like to be able to swtich from ubuntu to windows without losing all the things I was currently doing in Ubuntu, I would like to be able to use hibernation. In order to achieve this I've followed the information at http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1042946. Only instead of creating my swap file on my linux partition (which is formatted: ext4), I've chosen to create one on my shared partition (which is formatted: ntfs). There is a problem with this though (at least, that's what I think the problem is), because when I call: sudo filefrag -v /media/data/Ubuntu_Swap_Space/6GiB.swap, I get the following output: Filesystem type is: 65735546 File size of /media/Data/Ubuntu_Swap_Space/6GiB.swap is 6442450944 (1572864 blocks, blocksize 4096) Discontinuity: Block 22 is at 25829097 (was 232498) /media/Data/Ubuntu_Swap_Space/6GiB.swap: 2 extents found So I'm not sure what I need to fill in as an offset to follow the rest of the earlier mentioned information. I've tried both the location of block 22 and the number that is listed after that, but when I then try sudo pm-hibernate nothing happens and this shows up in my /var/log/pm-suspend.log s2disk: Could not use the resume device (try swapon -a). Reason: No such device Hope someone can help me out with this! If you need more information about anything, please let me know!

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  • "Missing Operating System" after installing Ubuntu 12.04 from a CD on a Macbook Pro

    - by Pierre
    I followed this guide to install Ubuntu 12.04 on my Macbook Pro 8,2 (late 2011): https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MactelSupportTeam/AppleIntelInstallation I used a CD. I synced the partition table on rEFIt, and it went fine. I do have an icon to boot on Linux, but when I launch it, after a few seconds I have "Missing Operating System" displayed, and that's all... How can I fix that? The only thing I see is, in the guide, it is mentioned this: On the last dialog of the installer, be sure to click the “Advanced” button and choose to install the boot loader (grub) to your root Ubuntu partition, for example /dev/sda3. This will be the only partition with the EXT4 file system. In Ubuntu 12.04 installation process, there is not such an option, but there is a dropdown menu to select where the grub bootloader should be installed. It was /dev/sda by default, but I selected my root Ubuntu partition (in my case, /dev/sda5). I got a warning message (but actually, it was the same warning message even when I selected /dev/sda), and I continued the installation... Thanks in advance for your help!

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  • If I want to dual-boot Ubuntu with another OS, what partitioning method should I use?

    - by Jay
    I have Ubuntu running as a vm in VirtualBox at the moment, but in the future, if I want to dual-boot it with Windows or another OS installed on my hard-drive, what partitioning method should I use to make room for it? 1)Manually partition my hard drive via disk management in Windows (or the equivalent in another OS), making appropriate room for the main partition upon which Ubuntu will be installed and swap space; 2)Partition via the Ubuntu installer options; 3)Use gparted or another free tool like it. I am uncertain as to why I would want to use one over the other. Lastly, am I correct to think that it would be the acme of foolishness to try to partition drives within a virtual machine (since that partitioning would be inherently limited to the limitations set upon it by the virtualization software, e.g., VirtualBox)? Thanks! P.S. Oh, and I am also planning on not modifying the MBR of Windows if I ever do dual-boot with Ubuntu, using instead a piece of free software (like easyBCD or something) to avoid the headaches of Grub being overwritten by a Windows update.

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  • How to modify partitions after install?

    - by ChocoDeveloper
    I wanted to have Ubuntu with full disk encryption on one big partition, and Windows on a small one. In 12.04, only the Server Edition installer has full disk encryption, so I used that and then installed ubuntu-desktop. When it asked for the size, I reduced it from ~999GB to ~750gb. Now after the install, on both gparted and disk utility I see /dev/sda2 taking ~931GB, and nothing unallocated, so I can't create a partition for windows. I got the size right, because when I right-click inside a folder, then hit 'properties', I see Free space: ~690GB (I don't know why it's not ~750GB, but at least it's not 900). The command df -h shows the same. So what can I do? Normally I would just resize a partition with gparted to create unallocated space, then create the partition. But here I have two problems: gparted does not seem to be showing the correct values, and also it says it does not support LUKS so I'm afraid it will mess things up. Any thoughts?

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  • GRUB2 stuck at rescue console, showing "unknown filesystem" for all partitions

    - by AndiDog
    I installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my external USB drive, where I have a 700GB NTFS partition followed by the new 6GB ext4 partition and a swap partition (all primary). The GRUB MBR is also installed to the external hard disk. Since my BIOS puts the external drive as first disk when booting, I removed my internal hard disk before installation in order to avoid ordering problems. Now when I boot from the external drive, GRUB is stuck at the rescue console with the error "unknown filesystem". grub rescue> ls (hd0) (hd0,msdos3) (hd0,msdos2) (hd0,msdos1) ls (hd0,<any of them>)/ gives me "unknown filesystem", thus also "insmod normal" GRUB doesn't seem to be able to read my Linux partition as you can see above?! How can I solve this? Additional info: bootinfoscript says (this is with the internal drive in again, but that does not make a difference): Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos2)/boot/grub on this drive. sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 12.04 LTS Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab /boot/grub/core.img sdb3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info:

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  • Grub menu not waiting despite of GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

    - by Optimus
    I have Ubuntu 12.04 installed along side of windows 7. The grub menu doesn't seem obey GRUB_TIMEOUT=10, I see the grub menu there for a split second and it immediately defaults to the first option. Grub menu worked fine when I first installed ubuntu. I am not able to pinpoint what exactly broke it(maybe some update?). I did resize my ubuntu partition using gparted but am not sure if that is what caused it. here are my settings from etc/default/grub GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" How do I fix this? Edit: As suggested by 'kamil' this is what I have tried so far with no luck - 1) hold the shift key while booting 2) sudo gedit /etc/default/grub edit GRUB_TIMEOUT to `GRUB_TIMEOUT=10` sudo update-grub 3) sudo gedit /etc/default/grub edit GRUB_TIMEOUT to `GRUB_TIMEOUT=10` sudo update-grub2 4) at the end of your /etc/grub.d/00_header file, comment out the if condition except for the regular set timeout line like this: #if [ \${recordfail} = 1 ]; then # set timeout=-1 #else set timeout=${GRUB_TIMEOUT} #fi then sudo update-grub and sudo update-grub2 5) install boot repair sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair boot-repair boot-repair output - Boot successfully repaired. ... The boot files of [The OS now in use - Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, 200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition) http://paste.ubuntu.com/1220468/ - here is the full boot-repair data Could grub files not being at the start of the disk create such issues?

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  • How do I upgrade from ubuntu 9.10 to 12.10 on my Acer Aspire 3000

    - by 770
    I had my Acer Aspire 3000 as a dual boot XP/ubuntu 9.10 a couple years ago. I recently blew the dust of it and wanted to upgrade to 7/Ubuntu 12.10 so I began by formatting the Ubuntu side of the partition and apparently damaged the mbr as I could only get black screen with the error message: GRUB loading. error: no such partition grub rescue I then slaved the hdd to my win7 desktop and formatted the entire drive, both sides of the partition then reinstalled it in the Acer and tried to install win7. Upon starting the Acer I got the same error message: GRUB loading. error: no such partition grub rescue I then tried to reinstall Ubuntu 9.10 as I have an Ubuntu produced installation cd. Same result. Next day I received a new battery I had ordered for the Acer. I plugged it and the power supply in and hit the power button just to see if I at least could charge the battery but to my surprise Ubuntu 9.10 began to install, so I let it and it did. Now the hard drive shows 58 gb and 2.5gb partitions neither of which is formatted NTFS for/by windows. I am guessing that the GRUB/mbr was repaired somehow by the Ubuntu reinstallation. My question, should you choose to accept it; How can I get to my goal of dual boot win7/Ubuntu 12.10. I am a beginner and don't know much about linux or the terminology. Thank you for your thoughts and help.

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  • How do i reinstall windows back on to linux without flashdrive or cd?

    - by user287536
    I know this is for ubuntu. but elementary os and ubuntu are really similar, so any answers or instructions will work on this os. plus the people here at ubuntu are alot better with these kind of problems. I've installed elementary os, and i am somewhat satisfied. However, many of the addons and applications i used to use are incompatible with linux and wine doesnt work with these apps that work with drivers and plugins. My recovery hp partition was replaced by the grub partition somehow. i dont' have a cd or a working flashdrive. i have found many links, but i dont understand the instructions to a full level. ive heard that you can create a partition, extract your windows iso there, and then boot from it. i have done the first 2 steps, but i dont know how to boot from a certain partition. i know how to with command prompt, but not with terminal and/or grub. Please help? im a noob in linux, ive only installed it for a month

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  • Poor performance after reinstalling to a USB drive

    - by anonymous
    I am currently running Ubuntu 11.10 off of a SanDisk 16GB USB. I installed it using a Live USB with the following partition configuration: 6GB Primary /dos FAT32 5GB Logical / ext4 5GB Logical /home ext4 I don't have a hard disk, and don't see myself getting one anytime soon. I rely solely on this 16GB, and two other 4GB USBs, one of which I used as the LiveUSB. I bring the USBs around, and even use the install at work. I previously used an install that used a swap file. It functioned fine for the most part, save for a few slow moments, but I came across this post, and it got me thinking about my USB's life, so I reinstalled with the current config. My problem now is that it is slower. Applications like Firefox would hang more often. In my previous setup (the automatically partitioned setup), Firefox would start hanging if I was running an unzip or install task on the same partition as /. Now however, it would hang if I had another window open i.e. the system settings window. My guess is that it may have something to do with the swap file or the install being on a Logical partition rather than a Primary partition, but I don't know. Any insight as to why it has slowed down?

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  • Growing your VirtualBox Virtual Disk

    - by Fat Bloke
    Don't you just hate it when this happens: Fortunately, if you're running inside VirtualBox, you can resize your virtual disk and magically make your guest have a bigger disk very easily. There are 2 steps to doing this... 1. Resize the virtual disk Use the VBoxManage command line tool to extend the size of the Virtual Disk, specifying the path to the disk and the size in MB: VBoxManage modifyhd <uuid>|<filename> [--type normal|writethrough|immutable|shareable| readonly|multiattach] [--autoreset on|off] [--compact] [--resize <megabytes>|--resizebyte <bytes>]   If you booted up your guest at this point, the extra space is seen as an unformatted area on the disk, like this: So we now need to tell the guest about the extra space available. 2. Extend the guest's partition to use the extra space How you do this step depends on you guest OS type and the tools you have available. Linux guests often include the excellent gparted partition editor, whereas Windows 7 and 8 provide the Computer Management tool which can resize partitions. Unfortunately, my Windows XP vm has no such tool. But I do have a couple of other options: Most Linux installable .isos include the aforementioned gparted tool, so I could simply attach, say, an Ubuntu.iso as a Virtual CD/DVD in my Windows XP vm and boot off that. Then use gparted to extend the Windows XP partition, before finally rebooting. But I took another route and attached my resized virtual disk to a Windows Server 2012 vm I had lying around. Then I used the Computer Management tool in Windows Server 2012 to extend the partition of the Windows XP disk, before shutting down, unplugging the disk and reattaching to my Windows XP vm. (Note that if your vm's use different disk controllers, Windows will check the disks on booting). When I finally boot up my Windows XP guest I see the available disk space and all is well. At least until the next time - FB 

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  • 6 Ways to Free Up Hard Drive Space Used by Windows System Files

    - by Chris Hoffman
    We’ve previously covered the standard ways to free up space on Windows. But if you have a small solid-state drive and really want more hard space, there are geekier ways to reclaim hard drive space. Not all of these tips are recommended — in fact, if you have more than enough hard drive space, following these tips may actually be a bad idea. There’s a tradeoff to changing all of these settings. Erase Windows Update Uninstall Files Windows allows you to uninstall patches you install from Windows Update. This is helpful if an update ever causes a problem — but how often do you need to uninstall an update, anyway? And will you really ever need to uninstall updates you’ve installed several years ago? These uninstall files are probably just wasting space on your hard drive. A recent update released for Windows 7 allows you to erase Windows Update files from the Windows Disk Cleanup tool. Open Disk Cleanup, click Clean up system files, check the Windows Update Cleanup option, and click OK. If you don’t see this option, run Windows Update and install the available updates. Remove the Recovery Partition Windows computers generally come with recovery partitions that allow you to reset your computer back to its factory default state without juggling discs. The recovery partition allows you to reinstall Windows or use the Refresh and Reset your PC features. These partitions take up a lot of space as they need to contain a complete system image. On Microsoft’s Surface Pro, the recovery partition takes up about 8-10 GB. On other computers, it may be even larger as it needs to contain all the bloatware the manufacturer included. Windows 8 makes it easy to copy the recovery partition to removable media and remove it from your hard drive. If you do this, you’ll need to insert the removable media whenever you want to refresh or reset your PC. On older Windows 7 computers, you could delete the recovery partition using a partition manager — but ensure you have recovery media ready if you ever need to install Windows. If you prefer to install Windows from scratch instead of using your manufacturer’s recovery partition, you can just insert a standard Window disc if you ever want to reinstall Windows. Disable the Hibernation File Windows creates a hidden hibernation file at C:\hiberfil.sys. Whenever you hibernate the computer, Windows saves the contents of your RAM to the hibernation file and shuts down the computer. When it boots up again, it reads the contents of the file into memory and restores your computer to the state it was in. As this file needs to contain much of the contents of your RAM, it’s 75% of the size of your installed RAM. If you have 12 GB of memory, that means this file takes about 9 GB of space. On a laptop, you probably don’t want to disable hibernation. However, if you have a desktop with a small solid-state drive, you may want to disable hibernation to recover the space. When you disable hibernation, Windows will delete the hibernation file. You can’t move this file off the system drive, as it needs to be on C:\ so Windows can read it at boot. Note that this file and the paging file are marked as “protected operating system files” and aren’t visible by default. Shrink the Paging File The Windows paging file, also known as the page file, is a file Windows uses if your computer’s available RAM ever fills up. Windows will then “page out” data to disk, ensuring there’s always available memory for applications — even if there isn’t enough physical RAM. The paging file is located at C:\pagefile.sys by default. You can shrink it or disable it if you’re really crunched for space, but we don’t recommend disabling it as that can cause problems if your computer ever needs some paging space. On our computer with 12 GB of RAM, the paging file takes up 12 GB of hard drive space by default. If you have a lot of RAM, you can certainly decrease the size — we’d probably be fine with 2 GB or even less. However, this depends on the programs you use and how much memory they require. The paging file can also be moved to another drive — for example, you could move it from a small SSD to a slower, larger hard drive. It will be slower if Windows ever needs to use the paging file, but it won’t use important SSD space. Configure System Restore Windows seems to use about 10 GB of hard drive space for “System Protection” by default. This space is used for System Restore snapshots, allowing you to restore previous versions of system files if you ever run into a system problem. If you need to free up space, you could reduce the amount of space allocated to system restore or even disable it entirely. Of course, if you disable it entirely, you’ll be unable to use system restore if you ever need it. You’d have to reinstall Windows, perform a Refresh or Reset, or fix any problems manually. Tweak Your Windows Installer Disc Want to really start stripping down Windows, ripping out components that are installed by default? You can do this with a tool designed for modifying Windows installer discs, such as WinReducer for Windows 8 or RT Se7en Lite for Windows 7. These tools allow you to create a customized installation disc, slipstreaming in updates and configuring default options. You can also use them to remove components from the Windows disc, shrinking the size of the resulting Windows installation. This isn’t recommended as you could cause problems with your Windows installation by removing important features. But it’s certainly an option if you want to make Windows as tiny as possible. Most Windows users can benefit from removing Windows Update uninstallation files, so it’s good to see that Microsoft finally gave Windows 7 users the ability to quickly and easily erase these files. However, if you have more than enough hard drive space, you should probably leave well enough alone and let Windows manage the rest of these settings on its own. Image Credit: Yutaka Tsutano on Flickr     

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  • I started getting a weird message "Encrypting file system - Back up your file encryption key"

    - by user22559
    Hello I started getting a strange message when I start my computer. An icon appears in the system tray, and a popup tells me "Encrypting file system - Back up your file encryption key". I know what EFS is, but I don't use it. To my knowledge, I don't have any encrypted files on my partition. I have searched using Total Commander on all the partitions for files that have the "encrypted" attribute, but I found nothing. So I don't have any encrypted files. Does anyone know what I did to get this message?

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  • Linux laptop encryption

    - by kaerast
    What are my options for encrypting the /home directories of my Ubuntu laptops? They are currently setup without any encryption and some have /home as a separate partition whilst others don't. Most of these laptops are single-user standalone laptops which are out on the road a lot. Is ecryptfs and the encrypted Private directory good enough or are there better, more secure, options? If somebody got hold of the laptop, how easy would it be for them to gain access to the encrypted files? Similar questions for encrypted lvm, truecrypt and any other solution I may not be aware of.

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  • I started getting a weird message "Encrypting file system - Back up your file encryption key"

    - by Ove
    I started getting a strange message when I start my computer. An icon appears in the system tray, and a popup tells me "Encrypting file system - Back up your file encryption key". I know what EFS is, but I don't use it. To my knowledge, I don't have any encrypted files on my partition. I have searched using Total Commander on all the partitions for files that have the "encrypted" attribute, but I found nothing. So I don't have any encrypted files. Does anyone know what I did to get this message?

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  • Automatically encrypting incoming email

    - by user16067
    I have a small website and would like to encrypt incoming email using gpg. Is there a way to force sendmail to check email and encrypt it if its not already encrypted? I'm using GPG on a linux server. Thanks [added]Someone asked what I hope to accomplish. My intent is for the users of the email to become more familiar with seeing thier own email encrypted and losing that fear of the unknown. The side benefit is that the email can't be looked at later down the road. If the email isn't encrypted on its way in, I'm unable to do anything about it. I'm assuming most email would be nosed around with once its already on my hard drive, so GPG would protect against those issues.

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  • Truecrypt system partion partially encryted but then drive corrupted and won't boot - decrypting so I can access files to backup?

    - by Dr.Seuss
    So I was attempting to encrypt my (Windows 7) system drive with Truecrypt and it stopped at around 15% and said that there was a segment error and that it could not proceed until it was fixed. So, I restarted the computer and ran HDD Regenerator which subsequently fixed the bad sectors on the drive, but now my system cannot boot. So, I run a number of recovery disks to no avail (Windows repair is unable to fix) and the drive won't mount on a linux version run from a CD because the drive is encrypted. So I tried mounting the drive using Truecrypt under the Linux distribution on the disk and selected "Mount partition using system encryption without pre-boot authentication" so I can decrypt, but I get an error message about it only being possible once the entire system is encrypted. How do I get out of this mess? I need to be able to back up the data that's on that partially encrypted drive so I can reinstall my operating system.

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  • Remote Desktop Encryption

    - by Kumar
    My client is RDP 6.1 (On Windows XP SP3) and Server is Windows Server 2003. I have installed an SSL certificate on server for RDP. In the RDP settings (General tab), the Encryption method is set to SSL/TLS 1.0 and Encryption level is set to "Client Compatible". I have following questions In this case is it guaranteed that all communication is encrypted even when I remote login to the server? I mean pwd is encrypted Does RDP always use some kind of encryption even if there is no SSL certificate installed on the server? In this case I do not see security lock in the connection bar. When I set encryption level to "High" then I see security lock. I do believe that communication is both cases will be encrypted. Is it true? Please reply to my questions Thanks in advance Kumar

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  • Windows 7 startup repair with Truecrypt

    - by PHLiGHT
    I have many computers encrypted with Truecrypt 7.1a (current version) with the whole drive encrypted. Today one of them shows the Windows 7 splash screen for a moment and then goes into startup repair which can't read the encrypted drive. I've tried the various safe modes and what not. The solution is to decrypt the drive and then run startup repair to fix the drive. The problem is that is going to take 50 hours. I've started that process for this situation but I need to have a way to cover myself when this happens to the next PC. What can I do to avoid decrypting the whole drive? I can't be the only one facing this problem so I feel like I must be missing something. Thanks!

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