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Backup data from RAID 1 disk out of its server

- by Doomsday

I'm facing with a pretty easy problem in my opinion. I've extracted a working disk from a RAID1 and I'm looking to copy only data (FS and RAID configuration doesn't matter) into another location (another FS). My problem is I'm not able to mount properly this disk into another linux. I've first looked the partition table : # fdisk -l /dev/sdc Disk /dev/sdc: 640.1 GB, 640135028736 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 77825 cylinders, total 1250263728 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 63 1249535699 624767818+ fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc2 1249535700 1250017649 240975 fd Linux raid autodetect /dev/sdc3 1250017650 1250258624 120487+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris I've understood I should use dmraid tools. Once installed : # cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : md0 : inactive sdc1[1](S) 624767744 blocks unused devices: <none> And some other informations : # mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdc1: Magic : a92b4efc Version : 0.90.00 UUID : 8f292f54:7e5aef72:7e5ab5fd:b348fd05 Creation Time : Mon Jun 2 03:39:41 2008 Raid Level : raid1 Used Dev Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Array Size : 624767744 (595.82 GiB 639.76 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 2 Preferred Minor : 0 Update Time : Tue Feb 7 22:34:59 2012 State : clean Active Devices : 2 Working Devices : 2 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Checksum : a505b324 - correct Events : 15148 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State this 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 0 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 1 8 1 1 active sync /dev/sda1 From here, I've tried to mount but I'm not comfortable with dmtools and how it's working. # mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/sdc1 mount: unknown filesystem type 'linux_raid_member' # mount /dev/md0 /mnt/sdc1 mount: /dev/md0: can't read superblock I've seen some options to alter RAID array with mdadm but I only want to copy data on its filesystem before wiping them... Anyone has a clue ?

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Decrease in disk performance after partitioning and encryption, is this much of a drop normal?

- by Biohazard

I have a server that I only have remote access to. Earlier in the week I repartitioned the 2 disk raid as follows: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt 363G 1.8G 343G 1% / tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw udev 2.0G 140K 2.0G 1% /dev tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda5 461M 26M 412M 6% /boot /dev/sda7 179G 8.6G 162G 6% /data The raid consists of 2 x 300gb SAS 15k disks. Prior to the changes I made, it was being used as a single unencrypted root parition and hdparm -t /dev/sda was giving readings around 240mb/s, which I still get if I do it now: /dev/sda: Timing buffered disk reads: 730 MB in 3.00 seconds = 243.06 MB/sec Since the repartition and encryption, I get the following on the separate partitions: Unencrypted /dev/sda7: /dev/sda7: Timing buffered disk reads: 540 MB in 3.00 seconds = 179.78 MB/sec Unencrypted /dev/sda5: /dev/sda5: Timing buffered disk reads: 476 MB in 2.55 seconds = 186.86 MB/sec Encrypted /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: /dev/mapper/sda1_crypt: Timing buffered disk reads: 150 MB in 3.03 seconds = 49.54 MB/sec I expected a drop in performance on the encrypted partition, but not that much, but I didn't expect I would get a drop in performance on the other partitions at all. The other hardware in the server is: 2 x Quad Core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5405 @ 2.00GHz and 4gb RAM $ cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 32 Lun: 00 Vendor: DP Model: BACKPLANE Rev: 1.05 Type: Enclosure ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi0 Channel: 02 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: DELL Model: PERC 6/i Rev: 1.11 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05 Host: scsi1 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: HL-DT-ST Model: CD-ROM GCR-8240N Rev: 1.10 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05 I'm guessing this means the server has a PERC 6/i RAID controller? The encryption was done with default settings during debian 6 installation. I can't recall the exact specifics and am not sure how I go about finding them? Thanks

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How To Boot with "mem=1024m" Argument using GRUB - Ubuntu 10.04

- by nicorellius

I am still working on this question. This new one is a different question so I thought it would be good to post a new question. Is this the proper protocol or should I have just edited the other question? I'm running Ubuntu 10.04 with the kernel 2.6.32-22-generic on a Toshiba Satellite laptop. When I enter the GRUB menu (I have Ubuntu 9.10 installed as well), I can choose which kernel to boot. I use scroll down to the one I want and press "e" and I expect to be able to enter mem=1024m and force the kernel to use this much memory. But when I run cat /proc/meminfo or look in the process manager after booting wth this argument I still see all the RAM: ~2 GB. Am I using this boot argument incorrectly? The boot configuration (before I add anything) looks like this: insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,1) search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 10270f21-1c42-494b-bd3f-813c23f6d\ 518 linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-22-generic root=UUID=10270f21-1c42-494b-b\ d3f-813c23f6d518 ro quiet splash initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.32-22-generic The way I did this was that I added the mem=1024m after the last line and pressed Ctrl+x (Emacs save and boot the kernel) and the system booted. I tried adding mem=1024m to the end and the beginning of this list and it appeared to not change the RAM allocation.

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OpenVPN bridge network from routed clients

- by gphilip

I have the following setup: subnet 1 - 10.0.1.0/24 with a machine used as NAT and also running an OpenVPN client subnet 2 - 192.168.1/24 with an OpenVPN server (the server in subnet 1 connect here) subnet 3 - 10.0.2.0/24 that uses the NAT machine (subnet 1) to access the internet, so all non-local traffic is routed there to the eth0 interface The OpenVPN client creates the tun0 interface and appropriate routing so that I can access machines from 192.168.1/24 [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# telnet 192.168.1.186 8081 Trying 192.168.1.186... Connected to 192.168.1.186. Escape character is '^]'. [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 10.0.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 10.0.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 10.8.0.1 10.8.0.5 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 tun0 10.8.0.5 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 tun0 169.254.169.254 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 192.168.0.0 10.8.0.5 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 tun0 However, when I try the same from subnet 3, it can't reach that machine. [root@ip-10-0-2-61 ~]# telnet 192.168.1.186 8081 Trying 192.168.1.186... I suspect that it's because subnet 3 is routed to eth0 on the NAT machine in subnet 1 and it cannot jump to tun0. What's the easiest way to resolve it? I don't want to use iptables. I can't change the routing from machines in subnet 1 because it's done in AWS and so it works only with specific interfaces. Also, the NAT machine gets its IP with DHCP and so bridging is a bit complicated. IP forwarding is set on the NAT machine [root@ip-10-0-1-208 ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 1 Thank you!

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Strange IP address showing up with OS X ssh

- by user50799

I was futzing around with DTrace on Mac OS X and found the following script that prints out information about connections being established: $ cat script.d syscall::connect:entry { printf("execname: %s\n", execname); printf("pid: %d\n", pid); printf("sockfd: %d\n",arg0); socks = (struct sockaddr*)copyin(arg1, arg2); hport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[0]; lport = (uint_t)socks->sa_data[1]; hport <<= 8; port = hport + lport; printf("Port number: %d\n", port); printf("IP address: %d.%d.%d.%d\n", socks->sa_data[2], socks->sa_data[3], socks->sa_data[4], socks->sa_data[5]); printf("======\n"); } I run it in one window: $ sudo dtrace -s ./script.d Then I ssh to another machine from another window. I get this output from my dtrace window: CPU ID FUNCTION:NAME 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 3 Port number: 22 IP address: 192.168.0.207 ====== 0 18696 connect:entry execname: ssh pid: 5446 sockfd: 5 Port number: 12148 IP address: 109.112.47.108 ====== ^C The first IP address I can explain (192.168.0.207), that's the machine I'm connecting to. But what's with the 109.112.47.108 machine? It doesn't show up in tcpdump nor netstat -an Is there something with my dtrace code or my understanding of how the connect system call works?

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"Network is unreachable" When pinging google, can connect to internal computers on debian VM

- by musher

Similar to this SU question: "Network is unreachable" when attempting to ping google, but internal addresses work Actually, it's pretty much the same base issue. I went through that thread trying to find a solution, I changed my resolv.conf: before: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver [my gateway] nameserver [my gateway2] I changed it to: after: domain [my work domain] search [my work domain] nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 8.8.4.4 However, any time I reboot the computer the resolv.conf gets overwritten to the previous version (the 'before' above). The issues began after I installed virtualbox additions, X server and (specifically) LXDE: Cat of apt history.log: Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:42 Commandline: apt-get install virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-dkms Install: x11-xkb-utils:amd64 (7.7+1, automatic), libxaw7:amd64 (1.0.12-2, automatic), xfonts-utils:$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:03:56 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:18:39 Commandline: apt-get install lxde Install: desktop-base:amd64 (7.0.3, automatic), libgoa-1.0-0b:amd64 (3.12.4-1, automatic), lxmenu-d$ End-Date: 2014-08-21 10:21:52 Start-Date: 2014-08-21 10:26:40 Commandline: apt-get upgrade Upgrade: libio-socket-ssl-perl:am ifconfig on the guest: root@Peridot:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 08:00:27:89:c9:20 og inet addr:172.31.2.102 Bcast:172.31.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe89:c920/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2281 errors:0 dropped:1 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:463 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:266507 (260.2 KiB) TX bytes:120554 (117.7 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:240 (240.0 B) TX bytes:240 (240.0 B) The adapter in VBox is a bridged adapter directly onto my ethernet connection; as are my other 2 VMs (which work) Other SU questions I've tried: "connect: Network is unreachable" in VirtualBox VM

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GRUB reporting wrong partition type

- by plok

It all started when I had to replace one of the disks that the software RAID 1 on this machine currently uses. From that moment on I have not been able to boot to the Windows XP that is installed on the fourth hard drive, /dev/sdd. I am almost positive that the problem is related not to Windows but to GRUB, as if I unplug all the other hard drives so that the Windows XP disk is now /dev/sda it boots with no problem. The problem seems to be that GRUB detects a wrong partition type, which I understand suggest that something is really messed up. This is what I get when I try to follow the steps that until now had worked like a charm: grub> map (hd0) (hd3) grub> map (hd3) (hd0) grub> root (hd3,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd 0xfd? That doesn't make sense. /dev/sdb and sdc are 0xfd (Linux raid), but not /dev/sdd: edel:~# fdisk -l [...] Disk /dev/sdd: 250.0 GB, 250059350016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30401 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00048d89 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 * 1 30400 244187968+ 7 HPFS/NTFS edel:/boot/grub# cat device.map (hd0) /dev/sda (hd1) /dev/sdb (hd2) /dev/sdc (hd3) /dev/sdd I have been trying to work this out for hours, to no avail. Can anyone point me in the right direction?

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Libvirt/KVM in NAT: can't access from host (and can't forward)

- by SharkWipf

I'm trying to set up a port forward to a KVM guest, managed through Libvirt on Debian 6. The VM is running in NAT, through the "default" network. This all runs fine, the VM has full internet connection. However, the host cannot reach the vm internally. Neither ping, nc nor nmap on the NAT network give any signs of the VM. Due to this, the normal iptables forwarding rules don't work either. $ cat /etc/debian_version 6.0.5 $ libvirtd --version libvirtd (libvirt) 0.9.11.3 $ kvm --version QEMU emulator version 1.0 (qemu-kvm-1.0+dfsg-11, Debian), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard ifconfig: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 54:04:a6:f1:6f:10 inet addr:x.x.x.x Bcast:x.x.x.x Mask:255.255.255.x inet6 addr: fe80::5604:a6ff:fef1:6f10/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:118902 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:142357 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:13247173 (12.6 MiB) TX bytes:95163190 (90.7 MiB) Interrupt:28 Base address:0xe000 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:230646 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:230646 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:204577107 (195.0 MiB) TX bytes:204577107 (195.0 MiB) virbr0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:e2:d2:60 inet addr:192.168.122.1 Bcast:192.168.122.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5050 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:961 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:666759 (651.1 KiB) TX bytes:400701 (391.3 KiB) vnet0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr fe:54:00:e2:d2:60 inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fee2:d260/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5050 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:125687 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:500 RX bytes:739803 (722.4 KiB) TX bytes:6886609 (6.5 MiB)

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Adjust iptables

- by madunix

cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables: # Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel # Manual customization of this file is not recommended. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0] -A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d X.0.0.Y -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m tcp -s X.Y.Z.W --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp -s M.M.M.M --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT -A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT I have the above following IPtables on my linux web server(Apache/MySQL), I want to have the following: Block any traffic from multiple IP's to my web server IP1:1.2.3.4.5, IP2:6.7.8.9 ..etc Limiting one host to 20 connections to 80 port, which should not affect non-malicious user, but would render slowloris unusable from one host. Limit MYSQL port 3306 access on my server only to the following IP range A.B.C.D/255.255.255.240 Block any ICMP traffic.

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RAID degraded on Ubuntu server

- by reano

We're having a very weird issue at work. Our Ubuntu server has 6 drives, set up with RAID1 as follows: /dev/md0, consisting of: /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 /dev/md1, consisting of: /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/md2, consisting of: /dev/sda3 /dev/sdb3 /dev/md3, consisting of: /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1 /dev/md4, consisting of: /dev/sde1 /dev/sdf1 As you can see, md0, md1 and md2 all use the same 2 drives (split into 3 partitions). I also have to note that this is done via ubuntu software raid, not hardware raid. Today, the /md0 RAID1 array shows as degraded - it is missing the /dev/sdb1 drive. But since /dev/sdb1 is only a partition (and /dev/sdb2 and /dev/sdb3 are working fine), it's obviously not the drive that's gone AWOL, it seems the partition itself is missing. How is that even possible? And what could we do to fix it? My output of cat /proc/mdstat: Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1] 24006528 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md2 : active raid1 sda3[0] sdb3[1] 1441268544 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] 1464710976 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_] md3 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0] 2930133824 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md4 : active raid1 sdf2[1] sde2[0] 2929939264 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] unused devices: <none> FYI: I tried the following: mdadm /dev/md0 --add /dev/sdb1 But got this error: mdadm: add new device failed for /dev/sdb1 as 2: Invalid argument Output of mdadm --detail /dev/md0 is: /dev/md0: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Sat Dec 29 17:09:45 2012 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Used Dev Size : 1464710976 (1396.86 GiB 1499.86 GB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Nov 7 15:55:07 2013 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Name : lia:0 (local to host lia) UUID : eb302d19:ff70c7bf:401d63af:ed042d59 Events : 26216 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 1 0 active sync /dev/sda1 1 0 0 1 removed

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Port to use CentOS init.d functions

- by jcalfee314

What are good equivalent centos commands using functions in /etc/init.d/functions such as daemon to perform the following tasks? STARTCMD='start-stop-daemon --start --exec /usr/sbin/swapspace --quiet --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid -- -d -p' STOPCMD='start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --quiet --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid' It looks like daemon will work for the start command and killproc is used for the stop command. . /etc/init.d/functions pushd /usr/sbin daemon --pidfile /var/run/swapspace.pid /usr/sbin/swapspace . /etc/init.d/functions killproc -p $(cat /var/run/swapspace.pid) Would the --oknodo be needed in the CentOS env (the swap file is really only boot-time)? "oknodo - Return exit status 0 instead of 1 if no actions are (would be) taken." I don't see quiet in daemon or killproc, I can't imagine that it would matter though. The original start-stop-daemon for swapspace seems to have both -p and --pidfile (the same command). That must be an error. Did I miss anything? Any idea why daemon not create the pid file?

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centos install / partitioning

- by ServerSideX

I'm using NOC-PS to remotely install Centos 6.2 via KVM / IPMI. I'm going to install cPanel as well and they recommend this layout /boot (99MB) swap (2x server RAM) / (remainder) In the o/s install profile within NOC-PS software, it shows as this: part /boot --fstype ext2 --size 250 part pv.01 --size 1 --grow volgroup vg pv.01 logvol / --vgname=vg --size=1 --grow --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=root logvol /tmp --vgname=vg --size=1024 --fstype ext4 --fsoptions=discard,noatime --name=tmp logvol swap --vgname=vg --recommended --name=swap By the time the default partition setup was done installing Centos, I get this [root@server005 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg-root 532G 907M 504G 1% / tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 243M 28M 202M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/vg-tmp 1008M 34M 924M 4% /tmp [root@server005 ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 7 18:47:24 2012 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/vg-root / ext4 discard,noatime 1 1 UUID=58b31aaf-5072-4fb1-a858-33bc316fa793 /boot ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-tmp /tmp ext4 discard,noatime 1 2 /dev/mapper/vg-swap swap swap defaults 0 0 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 My question is, how should the NOC-PS install profile look like to get the recommended cPanel partitioning? The server has 16GB RAM, dual 600GB SAS drives and will be used for cPanel shared hosting.

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OpenLDAP 2.4.23 - Debian 6.0 - Import schema - Insufficient access (50)

- by Yosifov

Good day to everybody. I'm trying to add a new schema inside OpenLDAP. But getting an error: ldap_add: Insufficient access (50) root@ldap:/# ldapadd -c -x -D cn=admin,dc=domain,dc=com -W -f /tmp/test.d/cn\=config/cn\=schema/cn\=\{5\}microsoft.ldif root@ldap:/# cat /tmp/test.d/cn\=config/cn\=schema/cn\=\{5\}microsoft.ldif dn: cn=microsoft,cn=schema,cn=config objectClass: olcSchemaConfig cn: microsoft olcAttributeTypes: {0}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.302 NAME 'sAMAccountType' DESC 'Fss ssully qualified name of distinguished Java class or interface' SYNTAX 1.3.6. 1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {1}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.146 NAME 'objectSid' DESC 'Fssssull y qualified name of distinguished Java class or interfaced' SYNTAX 1.3.6.1.4. 1.1466.115.121.1.40 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {2}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.221 NAME 'sAMAccountName' DESC 'Fds sssully qualified name of distinguished Java class or interfaced' SYNTAX 1.3. 6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.15 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {3}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.1412 NAME 'primaryGroupToken' SYNTA X 1.3.6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {4}( 1.2.840.113556.1.2.102 NAME 'memberOf' SYNTAX 1.3.6.1. 4.1.1466.115.121.1.12 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcAttributeTypes: {5}( 1.2.840.113556.1.4.98 NAME 'primaryGroupID' SYNTAX 1.3 .6.1.4.1.1466.115.121.1.27 SINGLE-VALUE ) olcObjectClasses: {0}( 1.2.840.113556.1.5.6 NAME 'securityPrincipal' DESC 'Cso ntainer for a Java object' SUP top AUXILIARY MUST ( objectSid $ sAMAccountNam e ) MAY ( primaryGroupToken $ memberOf $ primaryGroupID ) ) I also tried to add the schema by phpldapadmin, but gain the same error. I'm using the admin user which is specified by default from the begging of the slpad installation. How may I add permissions to this user ? Best wishes

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Linux RAID: Replacing Failed Drive...permanantly

- by user137519

Okay, odd question here. I have a server with RAID 5. A drive failed, in a really physically in a really odd way. On the machine it boots and is seen by the BIOS but...no partition can be seen on the drive consistantly (in and out). 2 out of 3 drives working...I made new spare disk and added it, RAID 5 rebuilt clean. All appears well but...when I reboot it keeps trying to use the 2nd drive which doesn't give any partition data, so of course the RAID 5 gets 2 out of 3...again. The status of my drive is as follows: /dev/sda2:Good /dev/sdb2 (drive has physical problem so no partition data) bad, /dev/sdc2:good /dev/sdd2:good. Every time I reboot the mdadm system seems to keep trying to use /dev/sdb which has physical failure (although spins and is detected). /dev/sdd is the new drive I created. I added /dev/sdd to the raid and it rebuilds the raid but this action isn't memorized upon reboot so it keeps listing /dev/sda and /dev/sdc but doesn't use the perfectly good /dev/sdd until I re-add manually. I've tried removing the dead drive with the mdadm tool, but as it cannot see /dev/sdb paritions it will not fail or remove it (says partition doesn't exist). the /etc/mdadm.conf was automatically made on the original OS install which only lists: DEVICE partitions MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md2 super-minor=2 ARRAY /dev/md0 super-minor=0 ARRAY /dev/md1 super-minor=1 Basically just the raids to use on boot. I need to remove this semi-dead drive (/dev/sdb) but I'd prefer to know why this is happening before I do. any ideas or suggestions. I supposed I could attempt to clone/replace /dev/sdb (the partitions on drive show up, then disappear shortly after) but given the partition "chester cat" behaviour this seems risky to me and as I have a working "spare" it seems unnecessary. Thanks in advance for your insight.

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How to add a user to Wheel group?

- by Natasha Thapa

I am trying to add a use to wheel group using in a Ubuntu server. sudo usermod -aG wheel john I get: usermod: group 'wheel' does not exist On my /etc/sudoers I have this: > cat /etc/sudoers > # sudoers file. > # > # This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root. > # > # See the sudoers man page for the details on how to write a sudoers file. > # > > # Host alias specification > > # User alias specification > > # Cmnd alias specification > > # Defaults specification > > # User privilege specification root ALL=(ALL) ALL %root ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL > > %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL Do I have to do groupadd of wheel?

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Over gigabit connection, Teracopy does 31MB/s, but Windows 8 does it at ~109MB per second?

- by Gaurang

I got my brain-melting first taste of Gigabit networking today, between my 2011 MacMini and Windows 8 Pro desktop connected via Cat.5e to Linksys WRT320N(sporting dd-WRT). After making sure that the line speed on both systems showed 1Gbps, I proceeded to copying a 2.4GB MP4 from the Mini to the Win 8 desktop (SMB sharing). Although satisfied with the 30-34 MB/s that Teracopy was showing (that was a proper step-up for me from 10 MB/s), I still was curious about this massive difference in the advertised and real-world speed. 2 hours of Google had me believing that there were other factors that resulted in less speed, SMB being one. So just for the sake of doing it, I iPerf'd both the systems and guess what that showed - around 875mbps on both systems! I then stumbled upon this little piece of info after which I turned off Teracopy and copied the same file through Windows 8's regular copier. 109 MB/s. Molten brains :) What exactly is causing this? And can I enable such speeds via Teracopy? I really dig the extra features that Teracopy has, will surely miss them now :D

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sudo or acl or setuid/setgid?

- by Xavier Maillard

for a reason I do not really understand, everyone wants sudo for all and everything. At work we even have as many entries as there are way to read a logfile (head/tail/cat/more, ...). I think, sudo is defeating here. I'd rather use a mix of setgid/setuid directories and add ACL here and there but I really need to know what are the best practices before starting up. Our servers have %admin, %production, %dba, %users -i.e many groups and many users. Each service (mysql, apache, ...) has its own way to install privileges but members of the %production group must be able to consult configuration file or even log files. There is still the solution to add them into the right groups (mysql...) and set the good permission. But I do not want to usermod all users, I do not want to modify standards permissions since it could change after each upgrade. On the other hand, setting acls and/or mixing setuid/setgid on directories is something I could easily do without "defacing" the standard distribution. What do you think about this ? Taking the mysql example, that would look like this: setfacl d:g:production:rx,d:other::---,g:production:rx,other::--- /var/log/mysql /etc/mysql Do you think this is good practise or should I definetely usermod -G mysql and play with standard permissions system ? Thank you

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Enabling http access on port 80 for centos 6.3 from console

- by Hugo

Have a centos 6.3 box running on Parallels and I'm trying to open port 80 to be accesible from outside tried the gui solution from this post and it works, but I need to get it done from a script. Tried to do this: sudo /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT sudo /sbin/iptables-save sudo /sbin/service iptables restart This creates exactly the same iptables entries as the GUI tool except it does not work: $ telnet xx.xxx.xx.xx 80 Trying xx.xxx.xx.xx... telnet: connect to address xx.xxx.xx.xx: Connection refused telnet: Unable to connect to remote host UPDATE: $ netstat -ntlp (No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=500 but you should be root.) Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37439 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN - tcp 0 0 :::60472 :::* LISTEN - $ sudo cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Wed Dec 12 18:04:25 2012 *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [5:640] -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT # Completed on Wed Dec 12 18:04:25 2012

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RTL8188CE doesn't connect to any wifi access points

- by Drakmail

I'm using network manager to connect. Also, tryed iwconfig. Results are same. I even try to connect to open access point — results are same. More information: Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ lspci | grep Network | grep -v Ethernet 03:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8188CE 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adapter (rev 01) Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ uname -a Linux thinkpad-x220 3.1.0 #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed Oct 26 02:19:49 UTC 2011 x86_64 Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2410M CPU @ 2.30GHz GenuineIntel GNU/Linux Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ dmesg | tail -n 10 [ 846.901574] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 906.812461] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 966.728810] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 1026.639676] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin [ 1030.925574] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin At this moment I try to connect to open wifi ap: [ 1031.252403] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed (try 1/3) [ 1031.451943] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed (try 2/3) [ 1031.651658] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed (try 3/3) [ 1031.851354] wlan0: direct probe to 00:24:8c:55:fa:ed timed out [ 1086.544960] rtl8192c_common: Loading firmware file rtlwifi/rtl8192cfw.bin My distribution: Drakmail@thinkpad-x220:~$ cat /etc/*version AgiliaLinux release 8.0.0 (Sammy) (Something between Slackware and Archlinux). Also, I saw that wifi module to often trying to load a firmware file. Any ideas what it would be?

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How can I automate or script daily downloads for any new anti- virus databases, and then have the program scan my drive?

- by Macgrimm

Howdy all Super Users" I humbly ask if any Super User can direct this long time, gray haired Apple Tech in the right direction on this issue. I believe there probably are many ways to skin this cat. But I am looking to find simply the best, most unattended way to get it done. Any help will be greatly appreciated. also (I know there are much better softwares out there for the Mac so please don't go there! The politics of this company dictate which Anti virus we have to use) anyway without any further wait: basically I am trying to automate 2 very important functions of Mc'Afee anti-virus for Mac. First I want to automate the process of retrieving new virus definition files, and second I want to automate the process of scanning for viruses. It turns out that Using Mc'Afee Anti-Virus for the Mac are both manual functions. And they left up to the user (per user account) to perform. Depending on all of about 150 MAc users to perform these 2 tasks themselves is around 65% compliance. My question then is: If I wanted to use the command line such as (open /Applications/McAfee\ Security.app) It will open up the Security Console. But how can I make command Mc'Afee go out and grab the definition files and scan the computer? I have to admit I am at a crossroad and Macaltimers has set in. I would really appreciate it if any of you "Super ~ Users" can help me out with this MacAltimers loss of how to what to do. Thanks to All up Front Macgrimm

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less maximum buffer size?

- by Tyzoid

I was messing around with my system and found a novel way to use up memory, but it seems that the less command only holds a limited amount of data before stopping/killing the command. To test, run (careful! uses lots of system memory very fast!) $ cat /dev/zero | less From my testing, it looks like the command is killed after less reaches 2.5 gigabytes of memory, but I can't find anything in the man page that suggests that it would limit it in such a way. In addition, I couldn't find any documentation via the google on the subject. Any light to this quite surprising discovery would be great! System Information: Quad core intel i7, 8gb ram. $ uname -a Linux Tyler-Work 3.13.0-32-generic #57-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 03:51:08 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ less --version less 458 (GNU regular expressions) Copyright (C) 1984-2012 Mark Nudelman less comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. For information about the terms of redistribution, see the file named README in the less distribution. Homepage: http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Release: 14.04 Codename: trusty

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Assembling Software RAID in Live CD for data recovery

- by Maletor

I need help recovering some data that's on my RAID which is on a LVM on my server running Ubuntu. What happened was I deleted the logical volume that controlled my swap space which was on a partition on drives sda2, sdb2, sdc2, and sdd2 in RAID1. This foobared my whole system for one reason or another. Booting leave me with grub rescue and an error saying that it is an unknown filesystem. When I boot to a live cd I can see my RAID arrays and I can even start them up. However, it doesn't appear to mount them anywhere so I can't see the data. I am in the live cd now and I have done sudo apt-get install mdadm lvm2 so it should be mounting them correctly. I just can't see why it wouldn't. Please any help is appreciated here. Here is some output. By the way, there are 3 RAIDs, 1) /boot 100mb RAID1, 2) swap 10gb RAID1, 3) root 990GB RAID5 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on aufs 124M 101M 18M 86% / none 2.0G 324K 2.0G 1% /dev /dev/sde1 2.0G 826M 1.2G 42% /cdrom /dev/loop0 667M 667M 0 100% /rofs none 2.0G 164K 2.0G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 2.0G 28K 2.0G 1% /tmp none 2.0G 92K 2.0G 1% /var/run none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /var/lock none 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /lib/init/rw /dev/md1 91M 73M 15M 84% /media/5ac3dbf1-a6c5-409c-96ae-edc6e27992c7 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/fstab aufs / aufs rw 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0 /dev/sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdc2 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdd2 swap swap defaults 0 0

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Linux as a gateway (no NAT)

- by Hugo

I'm trying to configure a linux server as a gateway/router, but I can't get it to work, and all information I've managed to find is NAT-related. I have a public IP block for the gateway and devices behind it, so I want the gateway to simply route packets to the internet - again: no NATing! I've managed to get the gateway to access the internet successfully (that was just a matter of configuring the IP and GW), and the computers behind it can communicate with it. [EDIT: more info] This is actually an IPv6 block (2800:40:403::0/48) (but I've found that most utilities and instructions can be easily adapted from IPv4 to IPv6 with little hastle). The server has too ports: wan: 2800:40:403::1/48 lan: 2800:40:403::3/48 One of the computers behind it is connected to it via a switch; 2800:40:403::7/48 The wan interface on the server can ping6 www.google.com without issues. The lan interface on the server and the client can mutually ping each other without issues (as well as SSH, etc). I've tried setting the server as a default gateway for the client, with no luck: client # route -A inet6 add default gw 2800:40:403::3 dev eth1 server # cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding 1 I don't want any filtering/firewalling/etc, just plain routing. Thanks.

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Boot stuck at blinking cursor before GRUB - only works via BIOS boot menu

- by delta1

I have a new box running Debian Squeeze. Grub is installed on /dev/sda, but when booting up I just get a blinking cursor, before the Grub menu. I can only boot to grub successfully when I choose boot options (during post) and select that specific drive! I have made sure the correct drive is set to boot first in the BIOS. So Grub works, but the system won't boot to that drive automatically? Any ideas on what could cause this? Drives sda/b/c are all 2TB (sda runs the system with b/c as raid device md0) with the following partitions: $ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 977 sda1 8 2 9765625 sda2 8 3 6445313 sda3 8 4 1937302627 sda4 8 32 1953514584 sdc 8 16 1953514584 sdb 9 0 1953513424 md0 but # fdisk -l /dev/sda gives WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 243202 1953514583+ ee GPT Any insight into this strange behaviour would be greatly appreciated.

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Having an issue trying to get Gigabit speed across my network (Ubuntu Server)

- by user94217

I've just started looking into the network speeds at my office, the entire network is setup to be "Gigabit". This includes Gb switches, Gb Network cards and Cat 5e cabling. I'm not expecting the full speed, I just want more than ~90 Mb/s. I've been running some tests with iperf the linux tools and checking the hardware with ethtool. I have 3 servers and when doing my checks/test I discovered that the two backup servers can access each other at around 450 Mb/s but when using either one of them to connect and test the main server, I only get the 90Mb/s even though ethtool shows the networking card running at 1000/Full. The only difference between all the server/networking cards is the "Port" which ethtool shows. On the two backup servers the "Port" is shown as MII yet on the other it's shown as "Twisted Pair". When using ethtool -s to manually set the "Port" to MII on the main server, it looses all connectivity and does not show "Speed" or "Duplex". Anyway, Am i doing something wrong? Is there a specific reason my main server cannot use Gb when there appears to be no difference except the "Port"?

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